Which one of the following is the best example of Piaget concept of assimilation?

Which one of the following best describes our current knowledge about the brain and learning?

We know that learning is often associated with the formation of new synapses.

As Chalonte reads her science textbook, she encounters the word ecology for the first time and uses the context to figure out what the word means. Given what we know about how the brain functions, we could reasonably assume that:

many parts of her brain are involved in this task.

Which one of the following statements best illustrates a neo-Piagetian approach to cognitive development?

Rather than involving general stages of increasingly advanced reasoning processes, children's cognitive development may involve discrete stages in particular content domains.

Which one of the following statements best illustrates a universal in development as developmentalists define the term?0/1 pts

Young children show similar patterns in their language development regardless of the specific language that they learn.

In Vygotsky's view, opportunities to engage in pretend play (e.g., playing "house" or "doctor") have which one of the following effects?

They allow children to practice adult behaviors

Which one of the following is the best example of Piaget's concept of assimilation?

A kindergartner uses a white crayon instead of chalk to draw on the blackboard.

Kiley is having trouble learning the steps involved in using a microscope correctly. If we consider Vygotsky's description of how children help themselves through difficult tasks, we should suggest that Kiley:

talk herself through the steps.

Which one of the following students is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?

Berta is beginning to learn basic woodworking techniques. She has trouble hammering a nail straight into a piece of wood unless her teacher stands beside her, helping her and reminding her of what to do.

Three of the following aspects of language development typically appear during the elementary school years or even earlier. Which one are we notlikely to see until students are in junior high or high school?

Ability to detect subtle sarcasm

Three of the following teachers are using scaffolding to help their students learn. Which one is not necessarily providing scaffolding?

Mr. Donaldson takes his students on a field trip to the local art museum.

If you were a high school English teacher who wanted your students to acquire knowledge of especially advanced syntactical sentence structures, your best course of action would be to:

specifically teach them these structures

Which one of the following strategies is most likely to help students learn from a discovery learning activity?

Providing some structure to guide students' explorations

In the human brain, a great deal of synaptic pruningoccurs in early childhood. This pruning appears to be:

an adaptive process that allows children to deal more efficiently with typical tasks in their environment.

Central to Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is the idea that children increasingly make better sense of their world:

by interacting with more experienced people who mediate their understandings.

According to the textbook, which one of the following conclusions is most warranted from research on brain development?

Classroom experiences can affect students' cognitive development throughout the elementary and secondary school years.

Which one of the following examples illustrates acognitive apprenticeship in mathematics?

Mr. Johnson and a student work together to solve a challenging word problem, with Mr. Johnson modeling effective ways of thinking about the problem.

Which strategy is most likely to be effective in promoting students' vocabulary development?

Teaching students the meanings of words related to topics they are studying

Which one of the following best illustrates howsociocognitive conflict might promote cognitive development?

The students in a cooperative learning group debate different ways of solving a difficult math problem

Piaget's view of cognitive development can best be described as:

discrete stages in which distinctly different forms of logical thought emerge.

From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?

It supports students as they perform difficult tasks.

Which one of the following best describes Piaget's notion of equilibration?

A child revises existing schemes to incorporate new information.

A sensitive period in development can best be described as:

an age range during which environmental conditions are most likely to have an effect on a particular aspect of a child's development.

Which one of the following best describes how neurons transmit messages to one another?

By sending chemical substances across a tiny gap between them

Three of the following statements describe common forms of diversity you might see in children's language development. Which statement is false?

Children with specific language impairments rarely speak, primarily because of an inherited disposition to be shy and fearful.

Which one of the following is the best example ofdynamic assessment?

Mr. Warren observes and records how Erica's logical thinking changes over time as she experiments with a pendulum and how she responds to his hints about separating and controlling variables.

One thing that children in Piaget's formal operations stage can do, but children in the concrete operations stage cannot do, is:

reason logically about strictly hypothetical situations.

In North America, which approach appears to be most effective for teaching English speakers a second language?

Immerse them in the second language, having them hear and speak it exclusively in all classroom activities.

Carl can correctly answer a question such as, "If all flegs are blats, and if all blats are dulms, are all flegs also dulms?" From Piaget's perspective, Carl must be in which one of the following stages of cognitive development?

Piaget's processes of assimilation and accommodation both involve:

relating new information to prior knowledge.

Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship?

A junior high school English class is reading Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening." At the end of each verse, the teacher describes the visual images and feelings that the poem elicits for him, and he encourages his students to do likewise.

Which one of the following is the best example of amediated learning experience?

As Ms. Robinson takes a group of children hiking, she gathers leaves from maple, oak, and elm trees and points out the ways in which the leaves from the trees are distinctly different.

Considering what research tells us regarding children's language development, we should expect elementary school children to have the greatest difficulty understanding the meaning of which one of the following words?

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes Lev Vygotsky's view of how cognitive development occurs?

Children develop, in part, by working on challenging tasks with the assistance of more competent individuals.

Roger is shown two piles of sand and says that each pile has the same amount. However, when one pile is flattened with a shovel, he now claims emphatically that the flattened pile has less sand. Based on this information, Roger is probably in which of Piaget's stages of development?

Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea that multiple layers of a child's environment affect the child's development in one way or another?

Parents are certainly important in fostering children's cognitive and social development, but they can be more effective in their parenting if they have the advice and support of friends, neighbors, and community agencies.

According to Vygotsky, when children adopt a cultural tool they may transform the idea, strategy, or object to better suit their own purposes. Vygotsky referred to this transformation process as:

Which one of the following statements reflects what developmentalists mean by the term maturation?

Developmental changes that are controlled largely by heredity

Several parents who are making costumes for an elementary school play ask the young cast members to assist them with such tasks as cutting fabric, pinning pieces together, and sewing simple hems. Using the language of Vygotskian theorists, we can say that the parents are:

engaging the students in guided participation.

Which one of the following would Piaget be least likely to advocate for elementary school children?

Lectures that describe simple abstract scientific concepts

Which one of the following do Piaget and Vygotsky agree is essential for children's cognitive development?

An environment or situation that presents a cognitive challenge

Sociocultural theory suggests that with development, children acquire many cognitive tools of their culture. Which teacher is most clearly applying this idea?

Ms. Turiel shows students how to graph their research results so that they can more easily see trends in the data.

James says, "If everyone would just agree to get along with everyone else, then we wouldn't have any more wars." From Piaget's perspective, James is probably in the ________ stage of development.

Chiara loves to draw with a pencil but decides, one day, to see if she can use her favorite pencil in a new way. She uses the tip of the pencil to make a series of holes in her sheet of white paper. She starts out by poking holes in a round circle, to make a face, and then proceeds to make eyes, a nose, a mouth, and ears for her face. Chiara's creative use of her favorite pencil is a good example of Vygotsky's concept of:

From Piaget's perspective, why might it be wise to postpone the teaching of complex fractions until middle school or high school?

Younger students haven't acquired proportional reasoning.

Choose the statement below that most accurately reflects research findings concerning Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

The order in which various logical thinking capabilities emerge is consistent with the sequence that Piaget proposed.

Which one of the following statements best captures the nature of cognitive academic language proficiencyin describing English language learners?

An ability to learn as well as native English speakers in English-only classrooms

Which one of the following statements best describes Vygotsky's concept of internalization?

Through their social interactions with other people, children acquire ways of mentally approaching and thinking about a task.

Mr. Johnson teaches a class of twenty 8-year-old third graders. His goal for the upcoming school year is to help at least 50% of his students reach formal operations. From the perspective of Piaget's theory, we would expect that Mr. Johnson's goal is:1/1 pts

almost impossible to attain

Three of the following statements are consistent with Vygotsky's views about the kinds of diversity we are likely to see in students. Which statement is notconsistent with Vygotsky's theory?

Some children frequently engage in self-talk, whereas other children don't use it at all.

Three of the following teaching practices are consistent with Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Which one is not?

A second-grade teacher encourages students to speculate about possible explanations as to why kites can fly and then to test each explanation systematically.

Three of the following are common outcomes of learning two languages rather than only one in the early years of life. Which one is not necessarily an outcome of bilingualism?

Less mastery of each of the two languages

Louis receives a new soccer ball and begins to dribble it in the same way he dribbles his basketball. His dribbling of the new ball reflects Piaget's concept of:

Piaget claimed that an adolescent's overly optimistic idealism about how one might easily improve the world is due to ________ during the formal operations stage.

Which example below is not an example of brain plasticity?

DeWayne has been riding horses since he was a youngster growing up on a west Texas farm. Even though he took some nasty falls during his lifetime, he still rides quite well.

Three of the following strategies should be effective in working with English language learners. Which one isunlikely to be effective?0/1 pts

Teach reading skills almost exclusively by using books written in English rather than in students' native language.

Mr. Remick asks 9-year-old Anne to divide a pitcher of lemonade equally between two glasses, one each for her and her friend Kate. The two glasses are different shapes, with Anne's being tall and thin and Kate's being short and wide. After Anne pours the lemonade, Mr. Remick says to her, "Look, the lemonade in your glass is higher than the lemonade in Kate's glass. Did you give yourself more than you gave Kate?" "No," Anne replies, "my glass is skinnier." Mr. Remick continues to ask Anne questions to determine how well she understands that height compensates for width in this situation. Mr. Remick's strategy can best be described as illustrating:

It is because of brain plasticity that:

individuals are able to learn new things at many different ages and in many different circumstances.

Eight-year-old Julie lives in a rural area where many people are farmers or in some other way make their living through agriculture. After a lengthy summer drought, it begins to rain heavily one day in late July. "Thank goodness!" Julie hears her father exclaim. "Our prayers have finally been answered!" Julie makes a mental note of the cause-and-effect relationship her father has implied. This situation illustrates Vygotsky's belief that:0/1 pts

adults pass along to children the ways in which their culture interprets events.

Which of the following is not true regarding the role of the environment in Bronfenbrenner's theory?

The broadest levels of the environment (such as states, provinces, or countries) exert the most influence on children's development.

Students in a fourth-grade reading group are reading a passage about snakes. Their teacher asks, "Who can think of a good title that summarizes what this passage is about?" After hearing several good suggestions, the teacher says, "The author says that snakes are helpful to farmers. What evidence does she give to support her statement?" If we consider Vygotsky's concept of internalization, we might predict that such a discussion will:

help students develop effective reading comprehension strategies (e.g., summarizing, looking for supporting statements).

As children grow older, many of their neurons begin to transmit messages more rapidly than they did in the early years of life, thanks to:

Piaget spoke of egocentrism in both the thought and speech of the preoperational child. Three of the following are examples of preoperational egocentrism as Piaget defined it. Which one is not?

Justin is constantly grabbing objects and pulling them toward himself.

The following four junior high school science teachers are teaching the concept molecule to their students. In each classroom, some of the students have acquired formal operational reasoning abilities, whereas others think in a concrete operational manner. In which classroom are the concrete operational students most likely to have difficulty understanding?

Mr. Carmen verbally describes how different elements are made up of different numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons.

According to Piaget, three of the following are essential for cognitive development. Which one is not

LaWanda understands that a single sentence can sometimes be interpreted in two or more ways. For example, she realizes that the sentence "I know more beautiful women than Miss America" has two possible interpretations: "I know women who are more beautiful than Miss America is" or "I know more beautiful women than Miss America knows." LaWanda's appreciation for the double meanings of some sentences reflects:

metalinguistic awareness.

Most children in the early elementary grades think that being a "good listener" means:

sitting quietly and looking at the speaker.

Which one of the following statements reflects a concern about the separation and control of variables

"I'm catching more tadpoles today, but I don't know if it's because I'm using a larger container to catch them or because I'm working in a different part of the frog pond."

Three of the following are definitely examples ofscaffolding. Identify the situation in which noscaffolding is described

Ms. Andrews likes to challenge her students by giving them group research projects. She puts her students in groups of three or four students each, and she gives each student a topic to research. She sends the groups to the school library to find out as much as they can about their topic, and then has each group give a report to the entire class.

Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget's view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?

Children actively construct their own view of the world from their experiences with the environment.

Which one of the following conclusions can be derived from research findings regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Students will think more logically about a topic when they have acquired relevant knowledge and experiences related to the topic.

Research regarding learning a second language yields which one of the following conclusions?

At this point, it appears that there is no single "best" time to learn a second language

Imagine you are a third-grade teacher. Considering Piaget's theory of cognitive development, you should expect most or all of your students to exhibit ________ thinking.

As a high school music teacher plays a recording of Ferde Grofé's symphony Grand Canyon Suite for his class, he asks his students to visualize scenes that Grofé tried to capture with music: a sunrise over the Grand Canyon, a burro ride down a winding trail, a thunderstorm, and so on. From a Vygotskian perspective, this lesson could best be described as:

a mediated learning experience.

From Vygotsky's perspective, what important role doesinner speech play in children's thinking and cognitive development?

By giving themselves directions about what to do next, children guide themselves through complex tasks.

Olivia understands why and are equivalent fractions. Based on this information, from Piaget's perspective Olivia is probably in the ________ stage of development.

In Piaget's theory, a scheme can best be described as

an organized set of similar thoughts or actions.

Marcy is given her choice of two identical chocolate bars, one of which has been broken into four pieces. Marcy chooses the broken candy bar, believing that it has more candy. From the perspective of Piaget's theory, Marcy is showing a lack of ________, indicating that she has not yet completed the transition to the ________ stage of development.

conservation; concrete operations

Vygotsky's concept of zone of proximal developmentrefers to:

the range of tasks children can accomplish only with support.

Considering Piaget's theory of cognitive development, we would expect a student in the concrete operational stage to have the greatest difficulty with which one of the following questions?

An apple pie is cut into 4 pieces. A blueberry pie of the same size is cut into 12 pieces. How many pieces of blueberry pie do you need to have the same amount as 3 pieces of the apple pie?

Which one of the following children shows signs that he or she is in Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Jenny learns hundreds of new words and phrases in only a few months.

Given what we know about children's language development, which one of the following problems is typical for the grade level?

A first grader pronounces the word rabbit as "wabbit."

Ms. Killian and her fourth graders have been growing sunflowers under various conditions–they have grown sunflowers in different kinds of soil, with different amounts of water, and in varying degrees of sunlight. Below are four statements that Ms. Killian makes related to the sunflowers. Which one is most consistent with the idea of a cognitive apprenticeship?

"This sunflower is taller than that sunflower over there. Let's consider what the growing conditions for the two flowers have been and try to figure out what might have led to the difference we see."

Which type of cells can best be thought of as having a variety of specific functions that help provide support for neurons as well as general brain functioning?

Which one of the following teachers is definitelykeeping in mind Piaget's idea that assimilation and accommodation are both necessary for learning and cognitive development to occur?

Mr. Baretta shows students how a new topic is similar to the things they already know, but also different in certain ways.

Which one of the following is the best example ofpragmatics in language?

Julie waits until her friend has finished talking before she begins to speak.

Many theorists believe that people have an innate predisposition to learn language. Three of the following provide sources of evidence that these theorists use to support their belief. Which one is not used to support an inherited predisposition to learn language?

Children acquire increasingly larger and more sophisticated vocabularies as they grow older.

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by

schemes based primarily on perceptions and behaviors.

Which one of the following is associated with Piaget'sconcrete operations stage?

Awareness that other people's thoughts might differ from one's own

From Piaget's perspective, children are:

eager to interact with and make sense of their world.

Five-year-old Becky is playing with blocks, stacking them one on top of another until her towers eventually tumble, and then stacking them again. Which one of the following best reflects Piaget's view of how Becky is probably learning in this situation?

She is actively thinking about and interpreting the results of her actions.

In which one of the following situations should we be most concerned about the possibility of subtractive bilingualism?

After being adopted by American parents, 6-year-old Antoni moves from Poland to Chicago. His new parents don't know Polish, and he now attends an English-speaking school.

Which one of the following best illustrates

Piaget's concept of accommodation?

Donna revises her understanding of what clouds are like when she studies them in science.

Which one of the following is the best example of a cognitive tool?

The concept of pi (π) in a geometry class

Which one of the following reflects class

inclusion as Piaget described it?

Realizing that things that are cars can also be vehicles

Vygotsky proposed that thought and language are:

largely independent before age two but closely connected thereafter.

Most developmental theorists agree that

developmental milestones appear in a consistent sequence for most children.

Which one of the following statements characterizes both Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development, as well as psychologists' beliefs about the nature of language development?

Children are actively involved in their own

learning.

What is an example of Piaget's assimilation?

What is Piaget's concept of assimilation?

What is an example of assimilation in child development?