| Which of the following claims about the difference/s between masculine and feminine cultures, according to Hofstede, are valid? Show
a) Feminine cultures treat women as well as men b) Feminine cultures have rigid gender role identification for men and women c) Feminine cultures have flexible, overlapping gender roles for males and females d) none of the above Feminine cultures have flexible, overlapping gender roles for males and females Rhonda works at a place where the boss sees himself as the final authority on every decision. In fact, the boss once told Rhonda that if she asked any more questions about his decisions, he would fire her. Rhonda told her communication class that she was tired of the __________ at her workplace. a) low-PD culture b) high-PD culture c) low-context communication style d) high-context communication style high-PD culture Tannen's model of gender differences in communication relies on a basic skills deficit perspective to explain the differences. false The notion that we understand events and occurrences from our own social location is a) a stereotype b) ethnocentrism c) cultural relativism d) multiculturalism cultural relativism Australia is a high individualist culture. From this you can deduce that they are also a) a low power-distance culture b) a high-context communication culture c) a high power-distance culture d) both a and b both a and b According to Tannen, which of the following statements is FALSE? a) men emphasize status, and women emphasize connection in conversation b) men focus on connection, and women focus on interdependence in mixed-sex conversation c) men focus on establishing connection with others, and women focus on achieving status in mixed-sex conversations d) men focus on control, and women focus on power in mixed-sex conversations men focus on establishing connection with others, and women focus on achieving status in mixed-sex conversations Diminishing power imbalances between men and women will eradicate communication differences between men and women. false What are the characteristics of a high-context communication style? a) verbal communication is precise, direct, and explicit b) self-expression is highly valued c) verbal communication is indirect d) all of the above verbal communication is indirect Research shows that a high ranking on femininity means that a culture treats women as well as men. false Which of the following are effective ways to reduce uncertainty in unfamiliar cultural contexts? a) engage others in conversation b) spend time in that culture c) make friends with people from that culture d) all of the above e) both a and c both a and c Whenever Sally asked John how he felt about their relationship, he would respond in vague generalities and expect Sally to "read between the lines." This frustrated Sally and she was constantly asking John to tell her "exactly" how he felt. What are the communication styles in this example? a) John is low-context; Sally is high-context b) John is high-context; Sally is low-context c) Both Sally and John are high-context. d) Both Sally and John are low-context. John is high-context; Sally is low-context Because Singapore is a highly collectivist culture, you can deduce from Hofsetede's research that Singapore is also a) a low-power-distance culture. b) a high-context communication culture. c) a high-power-distance culture. d) both b & c both b & c Rothwell states anthropologists have offered cultural relativism as a technique to avoid ethnocentrism. Cultural relativism assumes that a) cultures are viewed as being different, not deficient b) all cultures must be respected c) your culture's views should not be pushed on cultures whose values differ from yours d) all of the above all of the above How is sex different from gender? a) gender is biological b) gender is socially constructed c) sex is learned role characteristics d) gender is behavior derived from communicating with others e) both b and d both b and d What characterizes a low-context communication style? b) self-expression is highly valued c) information is derived from the situation in which the communication occurs d) all of the above e) a and b only a and b only Divergence emphasizes differences that separate people in diverse cultures. true The United States is a) a highly collectivist culture b) a highly individualist culture c) near the midpoint between highly collectivist and highly individualist cultures d) without a clear cultural identity a highly individualist culture Most current research now supports the conclusion that no important gender differences exist in communication. false The "social-intellectual movement that promotes the value of diversity as a core principle and insists that all cultural groups be treated with respect and as equals" is: b) ethnocentrism c) cultural relativism d) multiculturalism multiculturalism High-context communication style is more typical of collectivist than individualist cultures. true While the individualist-collectivism dimension applies to the dominant culture, it does not apply to co-cultures within that dominant culture. false Which of the following is/are true about ethnocentrism? a) ethnocentrism is a learned belief b) ethnocentrism is the notion that one's own culture is superior to others c) all cultures are ethnocentric d) all of the above are true e) both a and b, not c all of the above are true The communication of shared cultural practices, beliefs and values from generation to generation is a) communication competence b) a high context communication style c) a low context communication style d) socialization socialization Collectivist cultures are more ethnocentric than individualist cultures. b) False false Individualist cultures typically use a low-context style true One explanation for gender differences in communication is that men typically give more focus to status and women more weight to connection. a) True true Competitiveness is an innate part of being human. false Which of the following statements about values and beliefs is FALSE? b) values are deeply felt, generally shared views c) values involve what we deem is good, right or worthwhile behavior or thinking d) beliefs are what we think is true or probable beliefs are deeply felt, generally shared views Which of the following are correct statements about individualist and collectivist cultures? a) Collectivist cultures value self-promotion b) Collectivist cultures value public speaking skills c) Individualist cultures value self-expression and speaking ability d) Individualist cultures value indirect verbal expression (reading between the lines) Individualist cultures value self-expression and speaking ability Socialization is used to create a common system of thought for a culture. false "I don't understand. Please explain what you mean" is a statement typical of a) a high-context communication style b) a collectivist culture c) a high power-distance culture d) a low-context communication style a low-context communication style Convergence refers to a) the differences that separate people from different cultures the similarities that connect us to people from different cultures Upon meeting a person from another culture in your home during an informal get-together, you address that person by his first name, a common practice in the United States. The person responds negatively to this show of disrespect. This likely illustrates differences between a) individualist and collectivist cultures b) masculine and feminine cultures c) low power-distance and high power-distance cultures d) high-context and medium-context cultures e) a and c a and c John has a habit of playing with his hair when he talks to other people. When he spoke with his professor about how hard he had studied for the test, the professor mistakenly interpreted John's habit as an indication that he was nervous and not telling the truth. John's habit of playing with his hair is an example of a(n) a) manipulator b) signifier c) illustrator d) emblem manipulator Vocal cues are also called: a) haptics b) kinesics c) oculesics d) paralanguage paralanguage An obnoxious driver flips you off, gives you the finger, shows you the middle digit. This is an example of b) a manipulator c) an emblem d) none of the above an emblem Which of the following are accurate statements about nonverbal communication? a) It is single-channeled it is multi-channeled When someone says "yes" and then nods her head up and down, this is an example of b) contradiction c) repetition d) substitution repetition To intensify a negative remark with a touch is known as: a) "I told you so" touch b) "sucker punch" touch c) "kick 'em when they're down" touch d) "rub-it-in" touch "rub-it-in" touch Space communication includes: a) distance b) territoriality c) environment d) all of the above e) a and b all of the above Nonverbal communication is at least as ambiguous as verbal communication. a) True true Edward Hall identified distances between individuals as four types of spatial distance. Which type is appropriate for conversing with intimates and friends? a) intimate space b) personal space c) social space d) public space personal space Averting one's eyes (looking away) is a strong indicator of lying. a) True false Which of the following are supported by research on nonverbal communication? a) Women tend to be more accurate decoders of nonverbal messages than men. b) Middle-aged people tend to be better at reading nonverbal communication than younger people. c) Most people do not read nonverbal cues very well. d) All of the above all of the above Which of the following statements about the Beauty Bias is/are true? a) Studies show that men place a greater emphasis and value on physical attractiveness when choosing a mate than do women b) Self-fulfilling prophecy may be partially responsible for it c) It ranks more highly than kindness as a mate preference for both men and women d) Those perceived as less attractive earn more salary than average-looking individuals Self-fulfilling prophecy may be partially responsible for it The "beauty bias" a) is a perceived advantage accorded those who are viewed as physically attractive. b) is a generalized perception that physically attractive individuals are more sociable, poised, and successful than unattractive individuals. c) typically results in higher wages and salaries for physically attractive individuals than less attractive people. d) all of the above all of the above When you wave to communicate "good-bye" to a friend, you are using what type of nonverbal communication? a) manipulators b) emblems c) illustrators d) mixed messages emblems All cultures recognize that the spatial zone that indicates intimacy is a) 0-18 inches. b) 0-12 inches. c) 1-8 inches. d) none of the above none of the above Eye contact (or lack of it) is the one universal sign of deceit. a) True false About 93% of the meaning of our messages is communicated nonverbally a) True false Studies show that physical attractiveness is equally significant for men and for women. a) True true The love-and-intimacy touch is the most personal, intimate touch, and the most restricted. a) True false Nonverbal communication is a) linguistic in nature b) single channeled d) continuous continuous An emblem is a) an illustrator of a verbal message. b) a manipulator of hands and fingers indicating such things as irritability and frustration. c) a gesture with a precise meaning separate from verbal communication. d) none of the above a gesture with a precise meaning separate from verbal communication. The perception of closeness and involvement with others, a connection between speaker and listener that develops in the process of providing helpful responses while listening to a speaker is: a) immediacy b) mindfulness c) articulation d) none of the above immediacy The problem with skeptics is that they often cling obstinately to erroneous beliefs even if there is a preponderance of contradictory evidence to dispute their beliefs. false Ambushing is a form of competitive interrupting. false Which of the following is NOT part of the listening process? a) comprehending b) retaining c) responding d) relating relating Clarifying, exploratory, and encouraging questions are all types of which response? a) evaluative b) interpreting c) probing d) supporting probing A friend comes to you with a problem. He has lied to his partner, and he feels terrible about it. Your initial response is, "That was a lousy thing to do." This response is a) probing b) evaluative c) interpretive d) advising evaluative Establishing the plausibility of a claim is the ultimate goal of a skeptic. a) True false Open-mindedness means listening to controversial beliefs even when evidence for these beliefs is weak or invalid; closed-mindedness is refusing to listen to controversial beliefs. false The "process of receiving, constructing [and reconstructing] meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages" is a) hearing b) comprehension c) retaining d) none of the above none of the above "Cold comfort" responses: a) deny the right to feel a particular way b) minimize the significance of the situation c) focus on the future d) all of the above all of the above Ambushing is listening with a bias toward attacking what the speaker says. true A shift response puts the attention during a conversation on the other person, not on you. false Cynicism is a process of listening to claims, evaluating evidence and reasoning supporting those claims, and drawing conclusions based on probabilities. false The shift response is a) competitive vying for attention and focus on self by shifting topics. b) a cooperative effort to focus attention on the other person c) conversational narcissism both a and c Informational listening is a process of evaluating the merits of claims a) is a process of evaluating the merits of claims attempts to comprehend and understand the message of the other All of the following are types of probing responses EXCEPT: a) clarifying b) exploratory c) reassurance d) encouraging reassurance The support response encourages elaboration of the topic introduced. a) True true Evaluation is the least effective listening response style when we need to be empathic. true Examples of this include wandering attention and daydreaming a) ambushing b) pseudolistening c) shift responding d) glazing over glazing over The shift response: a) usually observes the "one speaker-at-a-time" rule b) is primarily used by the competent communicator c) encourages elaboration of the topic introduced d) all of the above usually observes the "one speaker-at-a-time" rule Cynicism is persistently finding fault with the beliefs and opinions of others. a) True true hose who believe we did not land on the Moon often ask those who say we did to prove that the moon landing was not faked. This is an example of: a) shifting the burden of proof b) rationalizing disconfirmation c) confirmation bias d) all of the above shifting the burden of proof Competitive interrupting a) is Me-oriented b) make up the majority of interruptions c) is more of a challenge for women than for men d) both a and c both a and c Evaluating, advising, interpreting, and content-only responses are likely to be more appropriate and effective when they are solicited by the other person. a) True true Our burden of proof increases as our claims move from possibility to plausibility and then to probability. a) True true Open-mindedness means being a skeptic; closed-mindedness means being a true believer. true True believers a) willingly accept claims by valued sources without solid evidence or question b) are individuals who exhibit a highly negative attitude; they are the naysayers who find fault with the beliefs of others c) are evidence driven d) none of the above willingly accept claims by valued sources without solid evidence or question Skepticism a) aspires to no stronger claim than very high probability b) goes where the evidence leads c) is inseparable with self-correction d) all of the above all of the above The support response is a) an attention-getting response b) a cooperative effort to focus attention on the other person c) conversational narcissism d) all of the above a cooperative effort to focus attention on the other person Conversational narcissism is best demonstrated in which of the following: a) shift response b) competitive interrupting c) pseudolistening d) all of the above shift response Skepticism is a process of examining claims, evaluating evidence and reasoning, and drawing conclusions based on possibilities. false The average listener can think at a rate of about ______ words per minute. a) 175 b) 250 c) 500 d) 575 500 Conversational narcissism is a) a pattern of over-using the shift response b) a pattern of under-using the support response c) the tendency of listeners to turn topics of conversation to themselves d) all of the above all of the above Which of the following are valid generalizations about the differences between open- and closed-mindedness? a) Open-mindedness means carefully examining every claim made by a speaker; closed-mindedness means discarding a claim previously found to be false even when a speaker tries to argue the point. Open-mindedness means following where the evidence leads; closed-mindedness means refusing to examine one's beliefs and points of view when there is compelling evidence contradicting them. Empathic listening is composed of the following response styles a) probing b) advising c) understanding d) interpreting probing True believers exhibit confirmation bias. true Inventing superficial, alternative explanations for contradictory evidence is: a) confirmation bias b) shifting the burden of proof c) rationalization of disconfirmation d) none of the above rationalization of disconfirmation The key distinction between a true believer and a skeptic is the strength of their belief. false True belief rests on the "anything is possible" rationale. true According to research, men more than women tend to offer advice when others come to them with a problem. a) True true Hearing is a) comprehension of complex meaning b) a physiological process of registering sound waves c) the construction of meaning from sound waves d) the storing of information in long term memory a physiological process of registering sound waves According to Rothwell, "cold comfort" responses are appropriate supporting listening responses. false According to Rothwell, people who willingly accept claims without solid reasoning and valid evidence and to hold the beliefs despite significant contradictory evidence are a) true believers b) cynics c) skeptics d) experts true believers Non-empathic listening responses include which of the following? a) evaluating b) advising c) interpreting d) all of the above all of the above Which of the following is NOT true of empathic listening a) It is therapeutic listening b) It is helpful listening c) It requires us to take the perspective of the other d) It is the primarily type of listening used in problem solving It is the primarily type of listening used in problem solving A friend comes to you with a problem. She has cheated on her partner and she feels terrible about it. Your initial response is, "Sounds as though you're unhappy and are looking for affection." This response is a) evaluative b) empathic c) interpretive d) confirming interpretive You have a greater burden of proof when claiming plausibility than you do when claiming probability. a) True false When we nod our head and murmur, "Uh-huh," at our friend's conversation, but are thinking about something else entirely, we are guilty of a) pseudolistening b) glazing over c) ambushing d) support responding pseudolistening Perception checking involves all of the following except: a) description of the behavior b) interpretation of the behavior c) verification of your interpretation d) evaluation of the behavior evaluation of the behavior The physiological process of registering sound waves as they hit the eardrum is a) hearing b)listening c) retaining d) responding hearing The primacy effect means that a) we tend to weigh negative information more heavily than positive information when gaining an impression of someone. b) initial information is most influential in forming an impression of someone. c) we check our perceptions of others. d) we over emphasize personal traits and underemphasize situations as causes of other peope's behavior initial information is most influential in forming an impression of someone Which of the following are NOT constructive goals for self-disclosure? a) gaining self-knowledge b) eliciting reassurance c) catharsis d) creating impressions e) both a and d catharsis A predictable sequence of events that indicates what we are expected to do in a given situation is a(n) a) archetype b) prototype c) stereotype d) script script Empathy is one way to counter attribution errors. a) True b) False true Self-concept is a central point of reference for a person's communication with others. a) True b) False true Inattentional blindness occurs when a) there is lack of attention to an unexpected object. b) multitasking fails. c) competing stimuli divert our attention from our main focus. d) both a & c there is a lack of attention to an unexpected object The ways we compare ourselves to others, which is called social comparison, influences our a) self-concept b) sensory impressions c) identity d) self-esteem self-esteem An effective perception check involves all of the following except: a) a description of the other person's behavior b) an evaluation of the other person's behavior c) an interpretation of the other person's behavior d) a request for verification of the other person's behavior an evaluation of the other person's behavior Self-concept is a form of self-esteem. a) True b) False false Negativity bias is built into the human brain. a) True true Which of the following statements about self-concept is FALSE? a) Self-concept is a social construction, a product of interpersonal communication. b) Self-concept changes easily when faced with contradictory evidence. c) Self-concept is a person's identity. d) Self-concept is a central point of reference for a person's communication with others. Self-concept changes easily when faced with contradictory evidence. Robert's favorite movie is Casa Blanca and he judges every movie he sees by comparing it to that ideal. For Robert, Casa Blanca functions as a(n) a) archetype b) prototype c) stereotype d) script prototype Contradicting a stereotype by using a single example has been shown to be an effective way to reduce that negative stereotype. a) True false Jane's ideal night out was to dress up and go to a fancy restaurant, while her boyfriend Richard's ideal night out was to go to a baseball game. In this instance, Jane and Richard have different _________ of the ideal evening. a) archetypes b) prototypes c) stereotypes d) scripts prototypes There are two main types of attribution: personal characteristics (traits) and environmental variables. a) True b) False true Empathy involves a) perspective taking b) emotional understanding c) accepting the viewpoint of others d) all of the above e) a and b a and b Which of the following are constructive goals for self-disclosure? a) catharsis b) developing relationships with others c) correcting misperceptions d) all of the above e) both b and c both b and c Americans and Britons speak the same language, yet they have different meanings for the same words. This is a problem of denotative meaning The individual sounds that compose a specific spoken language are called phonemes The capacity of language to transform a small number of phonemes into whatever words, phrases, and sentences that you require to communicate your thoughts and feelings is: productivity Denotative meanings are the source of most signal reactions. false Without structure you have no language. true A structured system of symbols for common meaning is language Rules that govern combining words into phrases and phrases into sentences is called a language. false "Word origin is arbitrary, word usage is conventional." This means that if an object or event has no name we can make up a name for it All words are symbols. true Using language to influence and narrow our perceptions of something is called framing. true In this class, an "A student" is defined as anyone who earns 90% of the points possible in the class. This definition is an operational definition Connotations are all of the above Research shows that texting has resulted in a negative relationship between the use of text language and success in usage of Standard English. false Semantics determines the proper word order and organization for a given language. false J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings books describe orcs, fairies, elves, and hobbits. His descriptions of these creatures best illustrates which one of the following principles of language? displacement Language is a neutral vehicle for conveying information. false How many morphemes are in the word "dog"? one Word origin is conventional and word usage is arbitrary. false Although word origin is arbitrary, word usage is: conventional The use of operational definitions is a way to avoid mislabeling Which of the following is NOT part of grammar? all of the above are part of grammar Using language to shape meaning for others is called framing. true John describes taxes as an investment in society, while George describes taxes as a burden on the public. The way John and George talk about taxes is an example of framing Linguistic relativity argues that "Language influences, but does not control us." true The difference between calling something "protective weapons" versus "assault weapons" is a matter of framing. true Morphemes are both b and c Language is not thought, but language is interconnected with thought. true There are three dimensions of connotative meaning: productivity, displacement, and representativeness. false The process whereby we formulate increasingly vague conceptions of our world by leaving out details associated with objects, events, and ideas is abstracting When you assume that everyone assigns the same meaning to a word, without checking to see if it is true, which of the following might occur? bypassing The Pentagon called our conflict in Iraq "Operation Iraqi Freedom." The Iraqi ambassador to the United Nations called it "an act of genocide." The two versions of the same war are examples of framing A judgment is when you attach a subjective positive or negative value to an object, event, or idea The weak version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, linguistic relativity, seems to have some validity. true According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis language influences our thinking and perception Which of the following is NOT an essential element of human language? convergence Rules that govern combining words into phrases and phrases into sentences is: syntax The term "denotation" refers to the shared meaning of words "You are either for us or against us" is an example of a(n) false dichotomy You tell your parents that your new room-mate is a funny and kind person. This statement is an example of a(n) judegement "Self-reflexiveness" is the ability to use language to talk about language Symbols are: arbitrary representations of objects, evens, ideas or relationships One of the interesting things about texting is that it is a new language. false Abstract words like "justice," "equality," and "responsibility" best illustrate which one of the following principles of language? displacement Linguistic relativity argues that "Language influences but does not control us." true Language must have the capacity to be spoken or written to qualify as a true language. false Objects, events, ideas or relationships referred to by words are referents Language is defined as: a structured system of symbols for communicating meaning Your friend says "Look at that beetle." You look to the ground assuming your friend means an insect. Instead your friend points to an automobile. 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Where unity and selflessness or altruism are valued traits in collectivist cultures, independence and personal identity are promoted in individualistic cultures. What is the difference between individualistic and collectivist cultures?In individualistic cultures, people behave according to self-interest and personal preferences and consider independence and self-sufficiency very important. In collectivist cultures, groups are of primary importance—individuals are secondary. What is the difference between individualist and collectivist cultures quizlet?Individualistic cultures tend to think of identity as something that is primarily defined by individual's personality or traits, whereas collectivistic cultures tend to think that a person's identity is primarily defined by their relationships and group memberships. What is the difference between a collectivist and an individualist quizlet?People living in individualist cultures tend to have an independent self-concept, identifying themselves as independent from others. And people who live in collectivist cultures tend to have an independent self-concept, identifying themselves in relation to others.
Which of the following is a difference between individualistic cultures and collectivist cultures?In individualistic cultures, people are considered "good" if they are strong, self-reliant, assertive, and independent. This contrasts with collectivist cultures where characteristics like being self-sacrificing, dependable, generous, and helpful to others are of greater importance.
Which of the following is a difference between individualistic cultures and collectivist cultures quizlet?Individualistic cultures tend to think of identity as something that is primarily defined by individual's personality or traits, whereas collectivistic cultures tend to think that a person's identity is primarily defined by their relationships and group memberships.
What are the major differences between individualism and collectivism brainly?Expert-Verified Answer
An individualist is motivated by personal rewards and benefits. Individualist persons set personal goals and objectives based on self. Individualistic workers are very comfortable working with autonomy and not part of a team. The collectivist is motivated by group goals.
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