Each newborn baby is carefully checked at birth for signs of problems or complications. A complete physical assessment will be performed that includes every body system. Throughout the hospital stay, doctors, nurses, and other healthcare providers continually assess the health of the baby, observing for signs of problems or illness. Assessment may include: Show
Apgar scoringThe Apgar score is one of the first checks of your new baby's health. The Apgar score is assigned in the first few minutes after birth to help identify babies that have difficulty breathing or have a problem that needs further care. The baby is checked at one minute and five minutes after birth for heart and respiratory rates, muscle tone, reflexes, and color. Each area can have a score of zero, one, or two, with 10 points as the maximum. A total score of 10 means a baby is in the best possible condition. Nearly all babies score between eight and 10, with one or two points taken off for blue hands and feet because of immature circulation. If a baby has a difficult time during delivery, this can lower the oxygen levels in the blood, which can lower the Apgar score. Apgar scores of three or less often mean a baby needs immediate attention and care. Sign Score = 0 Score = 1 Score = 2 Heart rate Absent Below 100 per minute Above 100 per minute Respiratory effort Absent Weak, irregular, or gasping Good, crying Muscle tone Flaccid Some flexion of arms and legs Well-flexed, or active movements of extremities Reflex or irritability No response Grimace or weak cry Good cry Color Blue all over, or pale Body pink, hands and feet blue Pink all over BirthweightA baby's birthweight is an important indicator of health. The average weight for term babies (born between 37 and 41 weeks gestation) is about 7 lbs. (3.2 kg). In general, small babies and very large babies are at greater risk for problems. Babies are weighed daily in the nursery to assess growth, fluid, and nutrition needs. Newborn babies may often lose 5 to 7 percent of their birthweight. This means that a baby weighing 7 pounds 3 ounces at birth might lose as much as 8 ounces in the first few days. Babies will usually gain this weight back by 2 weeks of age. Premature and sick babies may not begin to gain weight right away. Most hospitals use the metric system for weighing babies. This chart will help you convert grams to pounds. Converting grams to pounds and ounces:1 lb. = 453.59237 grams; 1 oz. = 28.349523 grams; 1000 grams = 1 Kg. MeasurementsOther measurements are also taken of each baby. These include the following:
Physical examinationA complete physical examination is an important part of newborn care. Each body system is carefully examined for signs of health and normal function. The doctor also looks for any signs of illness or birth defects. Physical examination of a newborn often includes the assessment of the following: Gestational assessmentAssessing a baby's physical maturity is an important part of care. Maturity assessment is helpful in meeting a baby's needs if the dates of a pregnancy are uncertain. For example, a very small baby may actually be more mature than it appears by size, and may need different care than a premature baby. An examination called The Dubowitz/Ballard Examination for Gestational Age is often used. A baby's gestational age often can be closely estimated using this examination. The Dubowitz/Ballard Examination evaluates a baby's appearance, skin texture, motor function, and reflexes. The physical maturity part of the examination is done in the first two hours of birth. The neuromuscular maturity examination is completed within 24 hours after delivery. Information often used to help estimate babies' physical and neuromuscular maturity are shown below. Physical maturityThe physical assessment part of the Dubowitz/Ballard Examination looks at physical characteristics that look different at different stages of a baby's gestational maturity. Babies who are physically mature usually have higher scores than premature babies. Points are given for each area of assessment, with a low of -1 or -2 for extreme immaturity to as much as 4 or 5 for postmaturity. Areas of assessment include the following:
Neuromuscular maturitySix evaluations of the baby's neuromuscular system are performed. A score is assigned to each assessment area. Typically, the more neurologically mature the baby, the higher the score. The areas of assessment include:
When the physical assessment score and the neuromuscular score are added together, the gestational age can be estimated. Scores range from very low for immature babies (less than 26 to 28 weeks) to very high scores for mature and postmature babies. All of these examinations are important ways to learn about your baby's well-being at birth. By identifying any problems, your baby's doctor can plan the best possible care. Which assessment would the nurse include to assess an infant's upper extremities?Which assessment should the nurse include in order to assess an infant's upper extremities? The grasp reflex is used to assess an infant's upper extremities. The nurse places a finger in the infant's palm to note the grasp reflex.
Which technique would the nurse use to assess syndactyly in an infant?Which technique would the nurse use to assess syndactyly in an infant? Observe the toes.
Which technique would the nurse use to assess the plantar reflex of an infant?Plantar Reflex
Ask the patient to extend their lower leg, and then stabilize their foot in the air with your hand. Stroke the lateral surface of the sole of the foot toward the toes.
Which methods would trigger the Moro reflex in an infant select all that apply?Triggers of Moro reflex
1) A loud noise. 2) Sudden movements or a sudden touch. 3) An abrupt change in the intensity of light.
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