What is the process of job application?

Applying for a job can be a daunting process, but this can be made a lot easier by splitting it down into manageable tasks and then approaching each one in a logical fashion.

Job Application Process Includes:
Job Application Process     CV preparation     Job application letter     Online job application     Job interview     Interview etiquette     Online interview    

Securing a first, or even a subsequent job may seem like a daunting process, but if managed in a logical manner, each step of the process can be handled in an effective way and this can lead to a more successful outcome.

Looking at the overall job application process, it is possible to break it down into a number of different areas. Each of these can be accomplished separately and then the process does not seem so daunting.

Elements of the job application process

Although different people will have different views on the various elements of the job application process, the list below gives a useful summary.

• Select job type:   It can sometimes take a little while to work out exactly what type of job you want, especially if it is your first one and you have no experience of what to expect.
• Short list employers:   It can sometimes help to work out the sort of employers you may want to approach. Who undertakes the sort of job you might want, who is in a sector that interests you, are there any moral issues you may want to consider . .
• Prepare CV:   The preparation of a CV should be carefully thought out. This is the way you will sell yourself. Look at what is current best practice, take advice, write it review it, and then use it. It will also form the basis for many submissions for on-line applications as well.
• Prepare on-line applications:   Although some on-line submissions allow a CV to be attached and uploaded, others require a different format. It is always possible to use the CV as a basis for these applications, but some additional thought may also be required.
• At the interview:   The interview is the place where you will meet your prospective employer and he will meet you. It is necessary to present yourself in your best light and make sure you impress. While you don’t want to be overawed by the event, you do want to make sure you do as well as you can. The way you present yourself will count for as much if not more than your actual qualifications. Also find out as much as you can about the company – will you want to work for them.
• Accepting the job:   After the interview, you will no doubt hope for a job offer. When this comes, there are a few guidelines to make sure you accept in the right way and get off on the right foot.
• Starting the job:   When the big day comes to start your job, there are a few useful hints and tips to make sure you start properly and make the best of your first few days.

Finding out how to apply for a job is not always as easy as it sounds. But a logical path through the process means that you can be well prepared at all stages and make the best of any opportunities that arise.

The hiring process begins by identifying a need within your organization. This need could vary from filling a vacated position, better managing a team’s workload, or expanding the reach of organizational tasks. Positions are, in other words, either newly formed or recently vacated.

2. Devise A Recruitment Plan

Once an organization identifies a hiring need, it should begin recruitment. In the case of newly formed positions, organizations should clearly identify how the new role aligns with its goals and business plan. Organizations should also keep relevant internal teams and employees apprised of the new position at each stage of the hiring process. It’s important that all those involved in the hiring decision agree to the hiring process, steps, and appropriate communication channels. Recruitment also includes strategizing how to publicize the new position, both internally and externally; criteria for initial candidate screening; what the interview process will look like; and who will conduct interviews.

3. Write a job description

The hiring staff should start by generating a job description that includes a prioritized list of job requirements, special qualifications, desired characteristics, and requisite experience. The job description should also include information regarding salary and benefits.

4. Advertise the Position

Identifying highly-qualified potential candidates begins internally. Start, therefore, by notifying current employees of the opening. Advertising the job may stop there, if you are determined to fill the position internally. If, however, you are interested in external candidates, you should include this information when you notify internally. External publicity will likely consist of utilizing a combination of the company’s website and social media platforms, job posting sites like LinkedIn, job fairs, industry publications and events, local newspaper advertisements, and word-of-mouth recruitment. Publicity will likely consist of utilizing a combination of the company’s website and social media platforms and job posting sites like LinkedIn, industry publications, and local newspaper advertisements.

5. Recruit the Position

Beyond simple job posts, the hiring staff should reach out directly to desirable candidates via LinkedIn, social media, and job fairs. Active recruitment will help generate applications from potential candidates who are not actively searching for new jobs but may be perfect for the available position.

6. Review Applications

Your organization likely already has a mechanism in place to receive applications--via email, an applicant tracking system (ATS), etc. In many cases, the review process begins with Human Resource representatives who review the applications and eliminate any candidate who does not meet the minimum requirements for the position or the company more generally. In other instances, the hiring team or hiring manager may prefer to review each application. Once a batch of qualified applications are assembled, the hiring staff should review the remaining candidates and identify those they want to interview.

7. Phone Interview/Initial Screening

Initial interviews typically begin with phone calls with HR representatives. Phone interviews determine if applicants possess the requisite qualifications to fill the position and align with an organization’s culture and values. Phone interviews enable organizations to further pare down the list of candidates while expending company resources efficiently.

8. Interviews

Depending on the size of the organization and hiring committee, one or several interviews are scheduled for those remaining candidates. Interviews include:

• Early interviews are typically one-on-one, in-person interviews between the applicants and the hiring manager. Early interviews conversations typically focus on applicants’ experience, skills, work history, and availability.
• Additional interviews with management, staff, executives, and other members of the organization can be either one-on-one or group interviews with the hiring committee. They may be formal or casual; on-site, off-site, or online via Skype, Google Hangouts, etc. Additional interviews are more in-depth; for example, in interviews between a candidate and multiple members of the hiring team interviewer, each member of the hiring team focuses on a specific topic or aspect of the job to avoid redundancy and ensure an in-depth conversation about the role and the candidates qualifications and experience. Note: at this stage, you should also inform the candidates you elect not to request an interview that the search has moved forward and they are no longer under consideration.
• Final interviews often include conversations with the company’s senior leadership or a more in-depth discussion with an interviewer from an earlier stage in the hiring process. Final interviews are typically extended only to a very small pool of top candidates.

9. Applicant Assessment

Once the interviews are completed, or during their completion, company’s often assign applicants one or more standardized tests. These exams measure a wide range of variables, including personality traits, problem-solving ability, reasoning, reading comprehension, emotional intelligence, and more.

10. Background Check

Your initial job posting should indicate that all candidates are subject to a background check. Background checks review candidates’ criminal record, verify employment history and eligibility, and run credit checks. Some organizations also check social media accounts (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) to make sure potential employees are likely to represent the company in a professional manner. Drug testing may also be warranted, depending on the position.

11. Decision

After conducting background and reference checks, the hiring staff identifies their top choice. The hiring staff should also select a backup candidate, in case the top choice declines the offer or negotiations fail to produce a signed offer letter. In the event that no candidates meet the hiring criteria, the hiring staff should determine whether or not to start the hiring process over. If so, the hiring staff should discuss whether or not to adjust or alter the hiring process in order to yield more favorable candidates.

12. Reference Check

Reference checks should verify any pertinent information shared by the candidate about previous employment--job performance, experience, responsibilities, workplace conduct, etc. A typical question to ask references is “Would you rehire this person?”

13. Job offer

Once a top candidate is identified, the organization should extend an initial offer. The offer letter should include the position’s salary, benefits, paid time off, start date, potential severance pay, working remotely policy, included company equipment and other terms and conditions of employment. Negotiations are likely to follow. Therefore, the hiring staff should determine internally which elements of the offer letter are negotiable, and which are not. It is typical for terms like salary, flexible work schedule, and working remotely to be negotiable.

14. Hiring

After negotiations, once the candidate accepts the job offer they are hired. An accepted offer letter begins a process of filling out and filing paperwork related to employment. Forms and paperwork might include:

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