DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlCI A L USE ONLY Abuide To Internet ReseQf'ch he opinions expressed in this article are hose of the author s and do not represent lhe official ooinion of NSAfCSS pproved for Release by NSA on 4-19-2013 FOIA Case # 70381 UNCLASSIFIEDl l OR b 3 -P L OFFICIAL USE ONLY 86-36 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE et4LY Untangling the Web An Introduction to Internet Research by luCenterJQLDigital Content Last Updated February 28 2007 Cover Design byl I UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY b 3 -P L 86-36 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDilfiOft OfifilelAL USE Or tLY Ti lis I'roelt Jet I ia beeFl I'roelt Jeeel for offieial use oFlly TAis 19roel lot is FlOt a19pro 'eel for puslie releose Ti le iFlforffiotioFl eOFltoiFleeJ i lereiFl is for ti le exelmlive t Jse of ti le origiFlal reeil'ieFlt aFlei is FlOt for furtAer eJistribt Jtiol' ot Jtsiele ti le reeil'iel It's ageFle or orgaFliz atioFl Ti le eFi iRal Fooil3iORt lTIay lTIolm eOl3ies for eJistril9utiof'l of'lly witl9iFl tlge reeipieFlt's ageFley or orgaFliz atioFl Ultil l ate I e I'01 I ibilit for tl Ie I'loteetio of tlds I'loelt Jet froffi I'ublie elisoles lre rosielos ' litA tAo lsor uitA sovore 130Floltios for ROR eOffipliaFlee j or aelelitioFlal iFlfOFlTlatioFl please eOFltoet I I 9800 Savage Road Suite 6324 Fort Meade MD 20755-6324 b 3 -P L UNCLASSIFIEDA'FOR OFFICIAb blii g ll ¥ 86-36 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOR OFFlel L USE ONLY This Page Intentionally Left Blank UNCLASSIFIEDh'FgR gFFlOIAL USE O'RY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHI '6R 61 '1 'IeiAL USE 6NLY Table of Contents Preface The Clew to the Labyrinth 1 Every Angle of the Universe 5 What Will I Learn 6 Why Do I Need Help 7 What's New This year 8 Introduction to Searching 11 Search Fundamentals - 11 The Past Present and Future of Search 12 Understanding Search Engines 18 Search Engine Basics 20 A Word About Browsers Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox 22 The Great Internet Search-Ofts 26 Types of Search Tools 28 Web Directories Subject Guides Portals 28 Metasearch Sites 30 Megasearch Sites 35 Types of Searches and the Best Ways to Handle Them 36 Search Savvy-Mastering the Art of Search 43 Google 47 Google Hacks 73 Yahoo Search 89 Yahoo Hacks 113 Windows Live Search 118 Gigablast 141 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFOR OFFISIAL l JSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDllfQR OFFlOI fcL l J5E Dr4LY Exalead 146 Ask 161 More Help Internet Guides and Tutorials 173 Specialized Search Tools Techniques 175 Google Hacking 175 Custom Search Engines 186 Fagan Finder 193 Wikipedia 202 Maps and Mapping 215 Uncovering the Invisible Internet A9 Search 239 Book Search 245 Answers com 260 OAlster 264 The Internet Archive the Wayback Machine 267 Other Invisible Web Resources 273 Casting a Wider Net-International Search Language Tools 277 International Search 277 Online Dictionaries and Translators 288 You Gotta Know When to Fold 'Em 304 Beyond Search Engines-Specialized Research Tools ii 239 306 Email Lookups 308 Telephone and FAX Directories 311 Online Videos and Video Search 317 Online Audio Podcasts and Audio Search 344 UNCLASSIFIED FOR OFFICIAL I JSE QNLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNIKQR QlKlKlCIAb UiE Q lbY Special Topics-News Blogs Technology Search 349 Newsgroups Forums Mailing Lists 349 Weblogs RSS Feeds 356 General News Sources 361 News Sites Search Engines 362 Technology News Sources 377 Telecommunications on the Web 379 Research How-Tos 384 Finding People 384 Using the Internet to Research Companies 400 How to Research a Specific Country 411 Finding Political Sites on the Web 419 Research Round-up The Best Research Tips Techniques 424 Researching Understanding the Internet 433 A Plain English Guide to Internetworking 433 Researching Internet Statistics 441 Regional Registries and NICs 443 Domain Name Registries 449 Understanding Domain Name and Whois Lookup Tools 451 World Network Whois Databases AfriNIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE 455 Global Network Whois Search Tools 456 Domain Name Whois Lookups 458 Internet Toolkits 471 How to Research a Domain Name or IP Address 474 Traceroute 483 UNCLASSIFIED IZOR OlZlZlCIAb UiE O ILY iii DOClD 4046925 UNCLA55IFIED lfIBQR OFFlGI L USE ONLY Geolocating Internet Addresses 497 Finding ISPs Internet Access Points 503 Cybergeography Topology and Infrastructure 511 Internet Privacy and Security-Making Yourself Less Vulnerable in a Dangerous World 514 Basics for Improving Your Internet Privacy and Security 518 Increase Your Knowledge 521 Browser Concerns 525 Email Concerns 543 Microsoft and Windows Concerns 560 Handle with Care More Privacy and Secu rity Concerns 578 General Security Privacy Resources Conclusion Web Sites by Type iv UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE m LY 605 606 607 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFQR OFFICIAL USE Or LY Preface The Clew to the Labyrinth One of the most famous stories about libraries tells of the tenth century Grand Vizier of Persia Abdul Kassem Ismael who in order not to part with his collection of 117 000 volumes when traveling had them carried by a caravan of 400 camels trained to walk in alphabetical order However charming this tale may be the actual event upon which it is based is subtly different According to the original manuscript now in the British Museum the great scholar and literary patron Sahib Isma'i1 b 'Abbad so loved his books that he excused himself from an invitation by King Nuh II to become his prime minister at least in part on the grounds that four hundred camels would be required for the transport of his library alone 2 A 21st Century version of the story might feature any number of portable electronic devices-a laptop a POA or even a mobile phone-designed to overcome this difficulty Today 1000 years later the Persian scholar statesman would have to find a new excuse for declining the job offer Abdul Kassem Ismael aka Sahib Isma'il b 'Abbad would be hard pressed to explain Why he couldn't just find what he needed on the Internet The message seems to be that 'books are passe replaced by ones and zeroes the real world replaced by a virtual one knowledge supplanted by information at best and chaotic data at worst Have we shrunk the world or expanded it Or have we in some way replaced it Untangling the Web for 2007 is the twelfth edition of a book that started as a small handout After more than a decade of researching reading about using and trying to understand the Internet I have come to accept that it is indeed a Sisyphean task Sometimes I feel that all I can do is to push the rock up to the top of that virtual hill then stand back and watch as it rolls down again The Internet-in all its glory of information and misinformation-is for all practical purposes llrnttless which of course means we can never know it all see it all understand it all or even imagine all it is and will be The more we know about the Internet the more acute is our Alberto Manguel A History of Reading New York Penquin 1997 19 Manguel cites as his source Edward G Browne's A Literary History of Persia 4 vols London T Fisher Unwin 1902-24 I found the specific reference to this story on pages 374-375 of Vol 1 Book IV Decline of the Caliphate There is sadly no mention of the alphabetical arrangement of the library This entire masterpiece is available online at The Packard Humanities Institute Persian Texts in Translation 23 February 2006 http pers ian packhum orq pers ian pf fiIe 90001 011 ct O 15 November 2006 1 Edward G Browne Vol 1 Book IV Decline of the Caliphate A Literary History of Persia 4 vols London T Fisher Unwin 1902-24 374-375 Ava ilable online at The Packard Humanities Institute Persian Texts in Translation 23 February 2006 http persi an pac khum org persian pf file 90001011 ct O 15 November 2006 2 UNCLASSIFIEDA'FOR OFFICIAb UiEi OtalLY 1 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOIlj QR QFFl61AL l JSE er LY awareness of what we do not know The Internet emphasizes the depth of our ignorance because our knowledge can only be finite while our ignorance must necessarily be Infinite My hope is that Untangling the Web will add to our knowledge of the Internet and the world while recognizing that the rock will always roll back down the hill at the end of the day I will end this beginning with another story and a word of warning Tlon Uqbar Orbis Tertius describes the discovery of an encyclopedia of an unknown planet This unreal world is the creation of a secret society of scientists and gradually the imaginary world of Tlon replaces and obliterates the real world Substitute the Internet for Tlon and listen Does this sound familiar Almost immediately reality yielded on more than one account The truth is that it longed to yield The contact and the habit of Tlon have disintegrated this world Enchanted by its rigor humanity forgets over and again that it is a rigor of chess masters not of angels A scattered dynasty of solitary men has changed the face of the world Their task continues If our forecasts are not in error a hundred or a thousand years from now someone will discover the hundred volumes of the Second Encyclopedia of Tlon Then English and French and mere Spanish will disappear from the globe The world will be Tlon 4 As we enjoy employ and embrace the Internet it is vital we not succumb to the chauvinism of novelty that is the belief that somehow whatever is new is inherently good is better than what came before and is the best way to go or best tool to use I am reminded of Freud's comment about the added factor of disappointment that has occurred despite mankind's extraordinary scientific and technical advances Mankind claims Freud seems to have observed that this newly-won power over space and time this subjugation of the forces of nature which is the fulfillment of a longing that goes back thousands of years has not increased the amount of pleasurable satisfaction which they may expect from life and has not made them feel happier Indeed most of the satisfactions derived from technology are analogous to the cheap enjoyment obtained by putting a bare leg from under the bedclothes on a cold winter night and drawing it in aqam What good is all this technology and information if instead of improving our lot it only adds to our confusion and suffering We are continually tempted to treat all technology as an end in itself instead of a means to some end The Internet is no exception it has in large Karl Popper Conjectures and Refutation The Growth of Scientific Knowledge London New York Routledge 2002 p 38 3 Jorge Luis Borges Tlon Uqbar Orbis Tertius in Labyrinths ed Donald A Yates and James E Irby New York New Directions Books 1962 17-18 4 5 Sigmund Freud Civilization and Its Discontents tr James Strachey New York Norton 1962 3435 6 2 Freud 35 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFl61AL l ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlebltL USE er L' measure become the thing itself instead of a means of discovery understanding and knowledge Like Tlon the Internet is surely a labyrinth but it is a labyrinth devised by men a labyrinth destined to be deciphered by men We must avoid getting lost in the labyrinth without a clew My hope is that Untangling the Web will be something akin to Ariadne's clew ' so that as you unravel it you can wind your way through the web while avoiding some of its dangers Remember also that those who use the Internet to do harm to spread fear and to carry out crimes are like the mythical Minotaur who as well as being the monster in the Minoan maze was also its prisoner 70aedalus the architect of the infamous labyrinth on Crete purportedly gave King Minos' daughter Ariadne the clew a ball of thread or yarn to use to find a way out of the maze Ariadne in turn gave the clew to Theseus who slew the Minotaur and found his way out of the labyrinth Theseus repaid Ariadne's kindness by leaving her on an island on their way back to Athens Minotaurus WikiMedia Commons http commons wikimedia org wiki lmage Minotaurus gif 6 February 2007 This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired 8 UNCLASSIFIEDIlj QR Qj j ICIAb l ISE Q lb¥ 3 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlOIJltL USE 6NLY Notes 4 UNCLASSIFIED 1Z0R OIZj ICIAb Sii QNb¥ OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED J gROFFIOIAL l J5E or LY Every Angle of the Unlverse One wag has suggested that the Internet is an electronic Boswell the chronicler of our age It is that and more because the Internet chronicles not only a time and place but all times and all places known and unknown real and imaginary The Internet is the closest thing to the fantastical Aleph imagined by the great Argentine story-teller Jorge Luis Borges an object whose diameter is little more than an inch but which nonetheless contains all space actual and undiminished and in which one can see every angle of the universe While the comparison with the mythical Aleph may strike you as a bit whimsical it is in fact not an altogether unfair metaphor There has never been anything that approaches the Internet's reach to almost every part of the' globe in less than thirty years its size estimated at 532 897 terabytes way back in 20039 and its ability to link us together in a new kind of world community words pictures sounds ideas beyond imagining But as with all new technologies it comes at a cost-many costs in fact We pay for the benefits of the Internet less in terms of money and more in terms of the currencies of our age time energy and privacy The goal of this book is to help you save some of each of these valuable resources time by making your searches more efficient energy by reducing the frustration using the Internet often entails and privacy by pointing out some simple measures to take to lower your cyber-profile and enhance your security I cannot emphasize strongly enough that this book was already out of date by the time it was published Even though I have checked and rechecked every link in this book some addresses are bound to have changed some sites will have shut down and some tips and techniques-such as search engine rules and syntax-will no longer be accurate This is a testament to the changeable nature of the Internet and I must beg your forbearance for any such errors Writing about the Internet is much like trying to catch Proteus1°_as with the mythical prophet it keeps changing and escaping our grasp School of Information Management and Systems University of California at Berkeley How Much Information 2003 27 October 2003 http www sims berkeley edu research projec ts how-muchinfo-2003 internet htm October 2005 Executive Summary 9 10 Proteus-i e full of shifts aliases disguises etc Proteus was Neptune's herdsman an old man and a prophet There was no way of catching him but by stealing upon him during sleep and binding him if not so captured he would elude anyone who came to consult him by changing his shape for he had the power of changing it in an instant into any form he chose Proteus Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable 1898 http www bartleby com 81 13723 html 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDI1 gR OFFIGIAL l JSE 6NLY 5 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOIfFOR OFFI€IAL l JSE O LV The Internet has often been called the world's largest library with all of the books on the floor Curtin M Ellison G Monroe D What's Related Everything But Your Privacy 7 October 1998 Revision 1 5 http www interhack netlpubs whatsrelated 14 November 2006 --- What Will I learn To achieve these goals this book will help you understand how to use the Internet more efficiently to find useful information and in so doing make clear why the Internet is an invaluable resource This year I have reorganized the book to make it more logical and easier to use The first part of the book still focuses on the ins and outs of searching how search engines work types of search tools how to handle different types of searches The next section has expanded to offer in-depth tutorials on six major search engines Next the book covers specialized search tools and techniques including a new section devoted to Wikipedia I have also moved the discussion of maps and mapping to this section This is followed by invisible web research to include the changes to A9 and Amazon's search inside the book option Next is the international search and language tools section followed by specialized research tools including new sections on video audio and podcast searches The next section covers specific topical research such as news telecommunications blogs and RSS feeds This is followed by a series of how to guides culminating with tips and techniques for more effective searching The book then delves into using the Internet to research the Internet with the final section still addressing crucial privacy and security issues 6 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUI OR erFlGblcL t Jse Olltt f Why Do I Need Help There are no Internet research experts There are people who make a living using the Internet for research and who know more than others about what is on the Internet how to find what they want on the Internet and how to do this with relative efficiency But no one knows what is truly out there for two fundamental reasons The Internet changes constantly By that I mean daily hourly minute-tominute incessantly It's too darned big If we can't accurately size the Internet which we can't you can be sure we don't know what is available via this resource with any degree of accuracy or completeness This doesn't mean you can't ever hope to find anything on the Internet You often can find what you're looking for and usually a lot more with comparative ease but no one should be deluded into believing he has a good grasp of the entire world of information available on the Internet Realistically the best search engines index only a fraction of all webpages and keyword searching is at best an art that routinely misses relevant sites while loading you down with dross Are you discouraged Don't be novices often have more luck finding something arcane than seasoned researchers because of the power of creative thinking and serendipity I've learned never to underrate luck and intuition when doing Internet research but I think the two most important tools for successful Internet research are 1 a good set of bookmerks' 2 other people with experience searching the Web Never assume others are already aware of some website tool or technique you find particularly useful The sheer quantity of data information and knowledge associated with the Internet is so enormous that no one can know more than a fraction of what's on it While we're talking size let me mention an important distinction The Internet and the web are not one and the same though the web is what most people think of when you say Internet UNCLASSIFIEDIII OR Ol I IGIAb lJSE eNbY 7 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l ISE OP4L'f In fact as huge as it is the Worldwide Web is actually a subset of the Internet The Internet is the network of networks all the world's servers connected by routers to put it in semi-technical terms The web is that portion of the Internet that uses a browser typically Netscape or Firefox-browsers built upon Mozilla-or Microsoft's Internet Explorer and some type of hypertext language usually HTML to move around This book focuses primarily on the web because tackling the web by itself is a big enough challenge As you have no doubt guessed by now the Worldwide Web does not come with an instruction manual or users guide which means much if not most of what you learn about researching using the Internet will come from hard-won experience On the up side you probably will not be able to break anything on the Internet More than likely no matter how lost or hopelessly confused you become you will only damage your own computer and or network-and perhaps your good humor and sanity However because of the almost astronomical growth of malicious activity the Internet has become a dangerous place and users have discovered that they have inadvertently spread malicious software malware such as viruses worms and Trojan horses That is why I have devoted the last section of the book to personal computer security and privacy We are all at risk from the rising tide of bad and in some cases criminal behavior so we must take responsibility for protecting ourselves and our computers from the ruses and attacks that grow in number and sophistication each year This book will expand on simple rules of Internet research rules that are really more iri the nature of friendly suggestions These rules are the fruit of my own experiences as an Internet user and may prevent you from repeating all the mistakes I made that gave rise to the rules in the first place Some of these suggestions may at first strike you as odd or inconsistent but the rationale for each I hope will become clear as we go along The fact is that today we are drowning in information and starving for knowledge The goal of Untangling the Web is to help rescue users from the ocean of information and misinformation by throwing them a virtual lifeline What's New This Year Most people probably have not thought about or been very much affected by the changing search landscape because as is only natural most people have one or two sites they routinely use for search and research regardless of the nature of the inquiry However virtually all search professionals will agree that knowing where to look for information is the key to successful searching Yet few venture beyond If you are using the hypertext version of this book on line the links in the paper may not load correctly Try the refresh button copy and paste the uri or type in the uri directly 11 8 UNCLASSIFIEDIlFOR OI FICIAL l ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlChecL USE er4LY the comfortable confines of the familiar search engine While the major search engines continue to improve each year they are far from the be all and end all of search The problem with general search tools is that they cannot provide targeted or tailored results certainly not without a lot of work on the part of the user For this reason a large part of Untangling the Web is devoted to other ways to uncover information be it subject guides deep web resources targeted search tools or unusual tips and techniques for revealing what is hidden Again this year I have included detailed information on how to use Google Yahoo Gigablast and Live Search formerly MSN Search to find very specific data I have also updated and expanded the section on Exalead and added Ask to the major search engines However unless you spend a fair amount of time using each of these search tools you will probably find their many options too complicated and cumbersome for everyday use A different approach is to use specialized search tools which begs the question of how to find these tools Untangling the Web maps a number of the Internet's less-traveled roads i e excellent but unheralded specialty search tools such as Fagan Finder Amazon's A9 multipurpose search and ThomasGlobal's business search Also the section on international search is substantially larger than before In recognition of the growing importance and influence of collaborative websites there are several new sections in this year's book One is a separate section devoted to Wikipedia contributed in part by my colleague Diane White Video and audio search exploded during 2006 and this year's edition contains a new and extensive examination of video search sites as well as a new section on audio search and podcasting Two other new sections are devoted to custom search engines and book search neither of which is an entirely new technology but both of which spread in popularity and improved in quality in the past year Custom search is fast becoming a replacement for web directories which continue their slide into irrelevance The section on researching and understanding the Internet now begins with a new section on internetworkinq This tutorial is a response to a number of requests from people such as myself who need basic knowledge and understanding of how the Internet works without too much technical jargon or expertise I hope you find that it falls in a comfortable middle ground between simplistic and abstruse Once again the section on privacy and security grows in proportion to concerns about protecting our privacy and security on the Internet Fortunately as the problems increase and the malicious users become more enterprising so do the ways and means for protecting ourselves However home computer security is a personal responsibility few people take seriously until it is too late Untangling the Web's privacy and security information is designed to help users avoid becoming victims and instead take the offense in protecting themselves their families and by extension the Internet community from the Internet's evil-doers The 2007 edition includes new sections on clearing private data in Firefox encrypting files in UNCLASSIFIEDA'FOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY 9 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlGI L I JSE ONL¥ Windows pretexting protecting yourself from search engine leaks whether or not you can really opt out of online directories and a brief discussion of wireless Internet use I have also reorganized Untangling the Web to make it easier to use The new section on Specialized Search Tools Techniques brings together some already existing topics such as Google hacking with the new sections on Wikipedia and Custom Search Engines I also moved maps up to this section because they have become integral to basic search Specialized Research Tools now include the video and audio search sections as well as telephone and email search Basically all types of search comprise the first two-thirds of the book while the remainder focuses on the Internet itself and privacy and security As was true of last year's edition I can again say with confidence that the 2007 Untangling the Web was already out of date before it reached your desk Experienced Internet users understand the Internet is truly a river of information that is impossible to step into twice And the basic concepts for using the Internet to research topics of interest to our community of readers are sound despite changes in websites links and technology 1i'Web Tip Web links often change In case of a bad link for a news article use the site's search facility and search by the headline author or date In the case of a bad link inside a website try going to the site's homepage and working your way down to the page which may still be there only in a different location 10 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlGI L I JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDH QRQ FlCIAL l JSE ONLY Introduction to Searching Search Fundamentals The September-October 1997 issue of IEEE Internet Computing estimated the Worldwide Web contained over 150 million pages of information At the end of 1998 the web's size had grown to more than 500 million pages By early 2000 the best estimates put the number over 1 billion and by mid-2000 there was a study showing that there are over 550 billion unique documents on the web 12 Netcraft which has been running Internet surveys since 1995 reported in its November 2006 survey that there are now more than 100 million websites The 100 million site milestone caps an extraordinary year in which the Internet has already added 27 4 million sites easily topping the previous full-year growth record of 17 million from 2005 The Internet has doubled in size since May 2004 when the survey hit 50 million 13 The major factors driving this boom are free blogging sites small businesses and the relative and lower cost of setting up a website Another recent survey found The World Wide Web contains about 170 terabytes of information on its surface in volume this is seventeen times the size of the Library of Congress print collections Instant messaging generates five billion messages a day 750GB or 274 Terabytes a year Email generates about 400 000 terabytes of new information each year worldwide The numbers hardly matter anymore The enormous size of the Internet means we simply must use search tools of some sort to find information Otherwise we are voyagers loston a vast uncharted ocean Michael K Bergman The Deep Web Surfacing Hidden Value BrightPlanet August 2001 http www brightplanet com technology deepweb asp 14 November 2006 12 13 November 2006 Web Server Survey Netcraft com 1 November 2006 http news netcraft com archives 2006 11 01 november 2006 web server survey html 15 November 2006 14 School of Information Management and Systems University of California at Berkeley How Much Information 2003 27 October 2003 http www sims berkeley edu research projects how-muchinfo-2003 execsum htm

summary 14 November 2006 Executive Summary UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY 11 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlel L Consider this When you do a search you are going through more information in less than 30 seconds than a librarian probably could scan in an entire career 30 years ago USE ONLY All the major search engines now index well over a billion pages of information The problem generally isn't lack of data but finding that one tiny needle in a virtual haystack of almost limitless size much like looking for a needle in a stack of needles Any serious researcher needs to know more about search engines than the average person using the Net for fun or even for very specialized searches associated with a hobby or perhaps a certain topic e g cancer research How do you learn the ins and outs of search The Past Present and Future of Search Search has become the most hotly contested field in the world of technology 15 Remember Northern Light How about Excite Galaxy Lycos HotBot Magellan InfoSpace Go Webcrawler iWon Netfind or Webtop If so you've been searching the Internet a long time because many of these search engines are long gone and forgotten However many changes in search and search engines have taken place in recent years nothing has been quite so dramatic as what has occurred in the past two years with the appearance of the new Yahoo and Live Search engines While many smaller focused search tools still exist the sad fact is that in terms of large powerful world-encompassing search engines Internet searchers at this moment have fewer major search engines from which to choose 16 What happened to get us to this point and what does the future portend Terry McCarthy On the Frontier of Search Time com 28 August 2005 http www time com time magazine article 0 9171 1098955-1 00 html 14 November 2006 15 16 Of course there are many non-US search engines beyond those run by Google Yahoo and Microsoft but they generally target a particular part of the world and are not serious competitors with Google Yahoo or Live Search at this time 12 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY In the early years of the Internet there was enormous competition in the search market among a large number of search engines vying not only for users but more importantly for investors The dot bomb crash in mid-2000 began the shakeout of search companies that continues to this day The biggest change wrought by the failure of so many Internet-based investments was the growth of pay-per-click advertising in search results Pioneered by Overture these so-called sponsored results began to show up at the top of search result lists the more an advertiser was willing to pay the higher his result on the list Then in 2002 the big search engine consolidation began first Yahoo purchased Inktomi a little known but major player in the search engine world In 2005 Overture bought AltaVista one of the oldest and most venerable search engines on the Internet then quickly acquired AlltheWeb another major search engine To top it off in July 2003 Yahoo bought Overture thus acquiring three huge search properties at one time All this was done publicly The real revolution was what was happening behind the scenes with a remarkable degree of secrecy Yahoo gave the engineers it had acquired from AltaVista AlltheWeb and Inktomi a new task-create a whole new search engine to compete with Google On February 18 2004 Yahoo unveiled its new search engine which has a database and search features to rival Google's Shortly thereafter Yahoo began killing off the parents of its new progeny first Inktomi then AlltheWeb and AltaVista While users can still go to the AlltheWeb and AltaVista websites and run searches the results are pulled from the Yahoo database and many of the unique search options and features of both search engines are no longer available However Yahoo continues to add new features and options that are improving its capabilities During 2006 two major search engines unveiled major changes that make them serious contenders Ask and Exalead During 2006 Teoma and Ask Jeeves ceased to exist as separate search sites and merged under the Ask com umbrella The French search engine Exalead came out of beta for a new look and major overhaul during 2006 and continues to offer a number of important and unique search features MSN Search became Live Search which left beta status in September 2006 and increased the much-needed competition from a company that knows how to make successful if imperfect products Amazon com still offers its own search engine A9 although during 2006 Amazon eliminated some of A9's unique functions switched from Google to Live Search to power web searches and appeared to be if not abandoning A9 then certainly scaling it back All the major search sites are still trying to be the Swiss army knife of search engines Google Yahoo Live Search Ask and Exalead all competed hotly with each other to roll out new better faster fancier more powerful tools to do everything from search the contents of your computer in a heartbeat to letting you fly around the world with a bird's or satellite's eye view of the planet Among the new search engine-based tools and programs arriving this past year were vastly improved maps and mapping technologies enhanced multimedia search desktop UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l J5E ot LY 13 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY search utilities toolbars integrated into the browser and application programming interfaces APls for use by individual developers If 2004 was the year of the new search engine and 2005 the year of tailored search 2006 seems to have been the first year of Web 2 0 Interactive participatory Internet activities such as blogging podcasts online video sharing and wikis dominated the discourse Podcasting finally came into its own last year Podcasting is recording and broadcasting any non-musical information-be it news radio shows sporting events audio tours or personal opinions- usually in MP3 format for playback using a digital audio player Many websites now serve as directories to help users find podcasts of every variety anywhere in the world Podcasting has caught on because it is easy inexpensive mobile flexible and powerful Yahoo got out in front of the podcasting trend with its new Podcasts Search site after a study the search giant published with Ipsos Insight which disclosed that most of the people who are using RSS do so without even knowing it 17 RSS which either stands for Rich Site Summary or Really Simple Syndication is an XML format for news and content syndication News aggregators are programs designed to read RSS formatted content which is very popular in the blogging community Many if not most blogs make their content available in RSS Although there is no agreed upon definition of what Web 2 0 means in general terms most people believe it involves at a minimum users collaborating to share information online i e an interactive participatory web in contrast to what is now being called the static web or Web 1 0 I think the Wikipedia article on Web 2 0 sums the current state of affairs up nicely when it says To some extent Web 2 0 is a buzzword incorporating whatever is newly popular on the Web such as tags and podcasts and its meaning is still in flux 18 Another important aspect of Web 2 0 is that it organizes information differently from traditional web and other news and knowledge models So reports a Time article on the frontiers of search in its 5 September 2005 issue There is good reason to believe this claim given a major investment firm's assessment that by 2010 search-engine advertising will be a $22 billion industry worldwide up from an estimated $8 billion tooav One casualty of Web 2 0 appears to be directories Directories are hierarchical guides to a subset of what are presumably the best most relevant or at least most popular websites on a specific topic Yahoo was always the king of directories but 17 Yahoo and Ipsos Insight RSS Crossing into the Mainstream October 2005 PDF http publi sher yahoo com rss RSS whitePaper1004 pdf 14 November 2006 18 W eb 2 0 Wik iped ia hltp Ien wikipedia org wikilWeb 2 0 15 November 2006 19 McCarthy 14 UNCLASSIFIEDIIEOR OIiir ICIAL l ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'Fe eFFlelAL I Jse eNLY several years ago I noted a marked decline in both the quantity and quality of the Yahoo directory The other major directory was and remains the Open Directory Project which has always powered the Google Directory and ironically now powers the Yahoo Directory What distinguished the Open Directory from Yahoo was that while Yahoo was heavily commercial the Open Directory has always relied upon volunteers to populate and maintain it Now that most of users' creative energy seems to have moved to wikis the ODP is in what may be a permanent and ultimately fatal decline Today the most successful directories tend to be specialty directories such as NewsDirectory com or yourDictionary com and vertical search engines such as Business com or MedlinePlus which focus on a particular topic instead of trying to catalog the entire Internet Directories were almost always a part of the portal concept Portals were all the rage for a few years while search was considered the Internet boondocks-no one was terribly interested in the boring and unprofitable technology of search So where are portals now-those one-stop handy-dandy Swiss army knife web sites that tried to do and be all things to all people Most of them are gone thanks in large part to Google's ascendancy With its clean spare look Google changed the face of Internet search by moving away from the portal concept to pure search While it is true that Google offers a directory as well as other types of searches-Image news shopping groups-Google's focus has always been on web search Google's new look which debuted in April 2004 included removing the directory tab from the Google home page further evidence of the decreasing importance of directories Although there is growing criticism of the googlization of websites Google continues to be the standard by which most sites are judged The rapid and dramatic decline in web directories is only partially attributable to Google's success The other explanation for the waning of directories is the Tristram Shandy paradox The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy Gentleman is a ninevolume 18th century novel in which Tristram Shandy tries to record every detail of his life but discovers his task is hopeless because it takes him one year to document only one day As Shandy writes an additional day it takes him an additional year to complete the events of that day Such is the fate to a somewhat lesser degree of those who seek to compile an Internet directory By the time the information in the directory is researched compiled and published the Internet has changed and made much of that information obsolete I believe Yahoo's decision to metamorphose from directory to search engine was in part a result of a tacit recognition of the Tristram Shandy paradox Yahoo just couldn't keep up with the Internet's changes and it became too costly to try Creating and maintaining a directory is an extremely manpower intensive endeavor which flies in the face of the Internet model of relying on automation and technology Undoubtedly Yahoo's changes were largely driven by Google's enormous financial success Yahoo sat by for years and watched as Google's popularity and revenues increased as Yahoo's stagnated By the late '90s much of Yahoo's focus was actually diametrically opposed to search which is supposed to UNCLASSIFIEDJlIRQR QlRlRlGIAb blSE ONLY 15 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE OP4L¥ send you to other sites The Yahoo portal strategy was to keep the eyeballs on its turf where they viewed more ad units shopped and bought premium services Only when a third of online ad spending moved to search within a few short years did Yahoo decide to buy in big 2o Again in 2006 Yahoo changed the look of its homepage but I believe Yahoo is making a fundamental error by still presenting its busy messy portal face to the world Although savvy Internet searchers know to go directly to http search yahoo comin order to avoid the confusion and get a clean interface most users are still going to the main Yahoo page where they are confronted with this WeI r Search My Yahool Ql Autos rM Fin an ce I Geo Citi e s Grou p li r J HoUob s a ' ll ct'9 S h o p pi n g ti 5 P Ort5 your li red com pul er a Iii l ie extra • Upd ating you r old I ther I Mail for All rj-e c d t p _ SlI1all Business c i2J I Q Local Ra d io Hor oscop e s I I SeoW fU Vid e o 9 1 m S I H and s ·on with th e PI• St a ti o n 3 A D Ne 2 001 Sebring · Ad F'e d b clo Wortd Local Video - Insid e Yahoo Eute ttnl ument _ - _ _ _ 1 Th ' Y lfwo - Mo re Ne ws - Free mail Si JlI UI @Messengerl Mar k e ts ' DOWI fI Nasd a q fJ ·V ·· Stock Quotesl - • Web Hosting • Domain Nemes Popular Bu si ness - T' JI 1I1 Show i-sIH l e I T h Cl b st tkl ' OISt nd v e lyt hi m in b e t e e en Help e e ede wh o will be th Q n e x t web celeb Watch v o te n o Pulse - What Yoho es A e Into Green Moch ine s Most View e d Hybr id s l To yota Yideo ' More Yahoo Services - ' - ' - 0 '·sd Sp c· IIit I • Iraq government split over hosta ges milili a threat • Trent l oU wi ns back Senate leadersh ip slot • Sm all waves hlt Japan after tsunami fear S S trong q ak • US Ai w iYs makes $8 billion bid or Delta 0 BI9 offo • S F 10 end high schools' JROTC programs C Stud ants protes t • Study says lale angioplast y m ay be rulil e • Divers su rvey USS Intrepid's hull for dama ge J I ntr ep id pno tos Pcud ' J h r d a rR • Mar f rQRl V I t e ch i IIlSOfS i Yello w Pa ges Web Se arch __ - - - IIIthe NIJ s ' · t Tr a v e l Snapping Check your mail status Slqn tn 'M fQ a TV a Life oomph Take e ig ht s implR tlr ps MO Y I s l ' C asi n o R oya le ' red ca rpet photos J Tech - - l Sports Re al Esta te o o i i t cto Musi c News A ns e r questions Our tech expert has some adiice to 9Ne - _ Mo vie s I Yah ool A n SW fU II l A k • que Jtlon Speed up yo ur PC i · • -- C Personals Q Ph otos 1 £J _i - Local L Entertainment • Map s Aucllo i Directory P ag e O pti o n s F ftll ed fij Ga m e' 0 Video CJ J My Ma il Images P ri u • Ho nda 1 le Hy brid e · lexus CS 450h Hy b ri d Toyo c • font hc p Hy brid Here's Yahoo's dilemma how does it compete with Google for searchers seeking a simple clean interface while simultaneously retaining and attracting users who want one stop shopping Thus far more searchers are still going to Google first rather than muddling their way through the kind of mess you see above Where Yahoo excels-and in my opinion beats Google-is in shopping and in finding local information This is a fact Yahoo not only recognizes but also embraces Says Ted Meisel head of Yahoo's Overture division We never claimed it Yahoo was a better approach for doing research on 18th century Spain But if you are trying to buy a power washer for your back deck it's a pretty good way to find what you Steve Smith Search Wars Google vs Yahoo MediaPost com April 2004 Issue http www mediapost com dtls_dsp_mediamag cfm magID 245868 registration required 20 16 UNCLASSIFIEDIlI O OlRlRlCIAb l JSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL I JSE OP LY need 21 That's fine for personal searches but it does not help the searcher who is using the Internet for work-related academic or other types of research The future of search seems to be in fewer but more experienced and more commercially driven hands now than a decade ago Certainly both the quantity and quality of search results are much better today And there are other trends in search that are going to have a major impact on users love them or hate them Among these are greater personalization of search an area in which Google Yahoo and Live Search are all vying for your attention Then there is the concept of social networking through which Internet users with similar interests share their web knowledge and experience Social bookmarking sites such as del icio us or Qlgg and sharing software such as Stumbleupon are growing in popularity as individual users seek ways to help each other discover and propagate information There has also been a strong impetus towards more localized search for shopping news map directions services telephone lookups and more Yahoo initially outpaced Google in this area because it already owns an enormous warehouse of information about where its users live and work shop and play However Google Yahoo Ask and Live Search all moved strongly into the local and personalized search arena during 2006 Add to the mix all the other services search companies offer or plan to offer such as Google's much ballyhooed and controversial foray into email with Gmail The move toward greater personalization likes 'and dislikes interests shopping travel and more services especially email and tailored news brings increased concerns about privacy and security The more Yahoo Google Amazon Microsoft et al know about us the more they can serve up what we want But the more they know the less control we have over our privacy and computer security I am reminded of a scene from the film Minority Report in which the main character walks into a clothing store and after his eye scan the computer welcomes him by name asks if he was happy with his previous purchase which it details and what he would like now It doesn't take a lot of imagination to see how this technology can be abused Everyone wants convenience but it is a virtual axiom of technology that every increase in convenience brings with it some decrease in privacy and most likely security Now more than ever the future of search is one that appears to be heading towards more personalization more features more options and inevitably it seems less privacy less security and fewer companies with the will technological know-how and financial resources to build and maintain search engines Steven Levy All Eyes on Google Newsweek 29 March 2005 p 54 http www msnbc msn comlid 4570868 14 November 2006 21 UNCLASSIFIEDA'FOR QFFICI o b USE O IL Y 17 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED Vj QR Qj j IGIAL l JSE ONLY Understanding Search Engines The best way to keep up to date with search engines in the US is to visit websites devoted to search and to read their newsletters One of the oldest sites about search is Search Engine Watch Although Search Engine Watch was originally designed for webmasters by webmaster Danny Sullivan it is a good resource for researchers who want and need in-depth information about the major English-language search services and some country specific engines Search Engine Watch is also home to Search Day noted search maven Chris Sherman's daily newsletter While Search Day is kept current Search Engine Watch now has many out of date pages Stepping into the breach is the superb Pandia Search Central which offers current search news and an almost endless number of tips tutorials guides and even its own search tools Pandia has emerged as the premier site for news about and help with search Search the Web Learn how to search the Web more erftclentlyl Visit our free search engine turonan 'ili1mltl Search Engine News Search Engine Resources e Free Newsletter RSS feed Search tools Powersearch AIi-in-One Plus Web Directory Metasearch Nev sflnder RadiO Search People Searcn On Web Se3rchlng Search Tutorial Syntax Q-cards On Se rch R3nklng SE Marketing Tutonal SE Optimization Gateway SE Submission Pay Per Click SE On P3nd13 Search this Site Pandia FAQ Siore I I Select search engine Pendie Powersearch Seerch I J Ask for More Space Help I More Tools I Tutorial I Web Directory I News Search 'ji¥i' 1It141fitiUlI'ltlriln On Web searching and search engine marketing Pandia has ali you need to know about search engines Internet searching and search engine marketing • Learn how to search the Web more efficiently • Read about search engines and sites devoted to searching • Gain easy access to ali the best search tools • Learn about search engine marketing • Find the best online search engine optimization resources Our latest search engine news and articles • Search Marketing More than Direct Response • Seven elements for building an effective corporate blog strategy • Search for images at the New York PUblic Library Digital Gallery • Search Engine Marketing Inc Driving Search Traffic to Your Company s Web Site Our search engine news column is updated several times a week and lntlunes more search enq ne news and In depth feature articles If you subscnne to our weekly newsletter wewill send you these stories by mail for free 'lSI Free newsletters Get Pandia Search World our free weekly news update on Web searching and searchengine optimization SUbscribe also to The Pandia Post our free bImonthly newsle ii'e r and get articles on Internet searching search engines and ranking P- Panola Search World weekly P- The Panola Post bimonlhly Enter email address I Subscribe We wlllnevel give your address to any other company or organization Read our privacy policy In depth search engine marketing tutori31 With newsletter The search engine landscape is changing dramatically How are you to keep track of all these changes The Unfair AdVantage Book on Winning the Search Engine Wars is the book the marketing proressronats have been using to win he search engine optimization race for the cast seven years You get a new verston el eIY monlh updated by people who know the induslry from the inside Other good web search sites include John Battelle's Searchblog Philipp Lenssen's Google Blogoscoped which covers much more than just Google Gary Price's 18 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR Qj j IGIAb USE QNLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlFOR OFFISIAL SE ONLY Resource Shelf Phil Bradley's Weblog Greg Notess's Search Engine Showdown as well as Web Master World and Web Search Guide Among the best search engine-specific blogs are the Yahoo Search Blog the Official Google Blog Google Operating System and Live Search Weblog The only thing predictable about search engines is how quickly and frequently they change not only their content but also their features Because there are websites devoted to keeping up with the myriad changes they are your best bet for staying on top of the ever-changing world of search tools Search News and 810gs Google Operating System http googlesystem blogspoLcom John Battelle's Searchblog http battellemedia com Live Search Weblog http blogs msdn com msnsearch default aspx Official Google Blog http googleblog blogspot com Pandia Search Central http pandia com Philipp Lenssen's Google Blogoscoped Phil Bradley's Weblog http blog outer-court com http philbradley typepad com phil bradleys weblog Research Buzz http www researchbuzz com Resource Shelf http www resourceshelf com Search Day http searchenginewatch com searchday Search Engine Showdown http www searchengineshowdown com Search Engine Showdown Reviews http www searchengineshowdown com reviews Search Engine Watch http searchenginewatch com Search Engine Watch Web Searching Tips http www searchenginewatch com facts index html Web Master World http www webmasterworld com Web Search Guide http www websearchguide ca Search Engine Watch Blog Yahoo Search Blog http blog searchenginewatch com blog http www ysearchblog com UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAL SE ONLY 19 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAll JSE OWLY · ·Web Tip Browsers assume the prefix ''http '' unless you tell them otherwise which means you do not need to type ''http ''- just type the uri address Search Engine Basics A search engine comprises three basic parts 1 The spider robot crawler is software that visits sites on the Internet each search engine does this differently The spider reads what is there follows links at the site and ultimately brings all that data back to 2 The search engine index catalog or database where everything the spider found is stored 3 The search engine software that actually sifts through everything in the index to find matches and then ranks or sorts them into a list of results or hits Important points to consider about search engines 20 Spiders are programmed to return to websites on a regular basis but the time interval varies widely from engine to engine Monthly or better is considered fresh When you use a search engine you are searching the index or database not the web pages themselves This is important to remember because no search engine operates in real time Spiders do not index all web pages they find including pages that employ the Robots Exclusion Protocol or the Robots META tag The first of these mechanisms is a special file website administrators use to indicate which parts of the site should not be visited by the robot or spider The second is a special HTML metatag that may be inserted by a web page author to indicate if the page may be indexed or analyzed for links Not every robot spider UNCLASSIFIEDMFOR OFFIGIAll JSE OWLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFIGIAL I JSE ONLY respects these mechanisms Password protection firewalls and other measures will generally keep spiders from crawling a website and indexing it The Web Robots Pages Robots Exclusion Sometimes people find they have been indexed by an indexing robot or that a resource discovery robot has visited part of a site that for some reason shouldn't be visited by robots In recognition of this problem many Web Robots offer facilities for Web site administrators and content providers to limit what the robot does This is achieved through two mechanisms The Robots Exclusion Protocol A Web site administrator can indicate which parts of the site should not be vistsed by a robot by providing a specially formatted file on their site inhttpll robotstxt TIle Robots META tag A Web author can indicate if a page mayor may not be indexed or analysed for links through the use of a special HTIvfi META tag The remainder of this pages provides full details on these facilities Note that these methods rely on cooperation from the Robot and are by no means guaranteed to work for every Robot If you need stronger protection from robots and other agents you should use alternative methods such as password protection Robots Exclusion Page http www robotstxt org wc exclusion html Not every search engine has its own proprietary search program but instead relies upon another company's search service for its results Most of these strategic alliances now involve Yahoo Google and Windows Live Search All these partnerships are subject to change without notice for more on these strategic alliances see Search Engine Alliances http searchenginewatch com reports alliances html Knowing that Yahoo for example is the search tool behind a search engine can save you time because you can be pretty sure that using AltaVista Will get you similar although not identical results to the other search engines also powered by Yahoo It is critical to remember that each service powered by a particular search engine produces different results even though they may all use the same core database Why is this Because the search interfaces have their own algorithms that decide how queries are run how results are returned or even if they query the entire database most do not In short go to the primary search engine-Google Yahoo or Live Search for best results UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFIOIAL I JSE ONLY 21 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED EOR O ji ICIAL USE Or LY A Word About Browsers Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox Two years ago I declared that the browser wars were for all intents and purposes over and Microsoft's Internet Explorer IE had won IE still commands more than 90 percent of the world's browser market and AOL abandoned Netscape's Navigator Communicator in mid-2003 However during 2004 Mozilla browsers experienced a Caveat Browser resurrection thanks largely to user frustration Alexa and Smart Browsing technology are very controversial because of their invasion of Because of Internet Exprivacy implications For more information take plorer's continued domia look at the article nance of the browser What's Related Everything But Your Privacy market and more importantly because it is Curtin M Ellison G Monroe D What's Related the standard browser for Everything But Your Privacy 7 Oct 1998 Revision 1 5 many Untangling the http www interhack net pubs whatsrelated 24 October 2006 Web readers I will focus my attention on Internet Explorer Nonetheless all browsers have advantages and drawbacks I still recommend you configure two browsers both Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox Both types of browsers allow you to make a number of decisions that affect your privacy and security while browsing Also both browsers have become much more customizable with each new release allowing every user to select and save his own preferences for everything from fonts to what will appear on the toolbar Be sure to familiarize yourself with the many evolving features of your browser s The Microsoft and Mozilla websites have extensive information and documentation about their browsers At the Mozilla site you can download and install the highly regarded Firefox browser as well as other free software such as the Thunderbird email program In October 2006 both Microsoft and Mozilla introduced new versions of their browsers Internet Explorer IE and Firefox 2 Microsoft which had owned upwards of 90 percent of the browser market until Firefox took off a couple of years ago recognized it has a genuine competitor on its hands and made significant changes and improvements to its browser to try to bring some Firefox users back 22 UNCLASSIFIEDtJFGR GFFlCIAL l JSE er L DOClD 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDIIFOR OFFIOIAL USE OP4L'f into the fold Will it work PC World offered an excellent comparison of IE and Firefox 2 22 While Firefox 2's changes are mostly refinements of already existing features with no change in the browser's look and feel IE marks a major overhaul since IE6 was released way back in 2001 Among the changes to Internet Explorer 7 are tabbed browsing integrated searching RSS newsfeed support and an antiphishing tool The most noticeable change is lETs look and feel which is designed to resemble Microsoft's new operating system Vista Probably the most obvious and popular addition to IE is tabbed browsing something Firefox already offered Also IE has a built-in search box which lets users search from anywhere without having to go to the search engine's home page Google and other search engines had successfully lobbied Microsoft not to make Live Search the default search service so you can pick your search engine The other major change is invisible improved security 'features designed to cope 23 with the almost endless number of vulnerabilities that have afflicted IE6 The most prominent of these security upgrades is one shared with Firefox an antiphishing tool that works by warning users that a website they are about to visit may be fake and redirects them away from the page unless they actively choose to go to it The other major new IE security feature is something called Protected Mode which prevents a website from changing a computer 's files or settings However Protected Mode will not work with any Windows operating system except Vista which is due out next year Also one of IE's major appeals had been its universality that is it would work with most websites The security features in IE mean that some sites that could be viewed in earlier versions of IE cannot be viewed in IE undermining one reason many people still continued to use the Microsoft browser Firefox 2 is another in a long line of gradual updates This version adds a spell checker a system for suggesting popular search terms and an option to pick up where you left off after a crash Firefox 2 also upgrades the RSS newsfeed so that now if you click on the feed itself instead of seeing the usual XML gibberish Firefox 2 will parse the raw feed into something readable and also subscribe to a feed using one of a numerous but not all newsreaders What is the bottom line Firefox users should upgrade to version 2 it will be easy and pain free IE6 users probably should wait a while before downloading IE to let Erik Larkin Radically New IE or Updated Mozilla Firefox 2--Which Browser is Better PC World 18 October 2006 http www pcworld com printable article id 12 309 printable html 24 October 2006 22 23 Not 24 hours after its release and the first vulnerability was detected in IE Of course it also affects IE6 but this is embarrassing for Microsoft given that the company has touted the security of IE over its predecessor http secun ia com lnternet Explorer Arbitrary Content Disclosure Vulnerab ility Test UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFlOI L tJSE e' LY 23 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEO lfj OR OFFICIAL USE OP4LY early adopters find the inevitable bugs that Microsoft will have to fix Frankly after five years you would think Microsoft could do better than come up with a browser that basically mimics the best features of Firefox and its other much smaller competitors This looks mostly like catch-up and very little like innovation If you are going to use Netscape another Mozilla-based browser I do not recommend using Netscape 8x because it has many reported problems Stick with either Netscape 7 1x or 7 2x Also if you prefer a streamlined version of Netscape 7x without all the annoying extras I can recommend one from Sillydog silly name great tool Netscape 7 1 is based on Mozilla 1 4 Both applications share almost identical features such as tabbed browsing custom keywords and Sidebar Exceptions are additions of proprietary features such as the support for Netscape WebMail and AOL mail 24 Netscape 7 2 is based on Mozilla 1 7 2 In addition to the technologies that Netscape 7 2 shares with Mozilla 1 7 2 it includes additional features such as a number of installed plugins support for Windows Media Player Active X control which are not available in Mozilla Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox http www microsoft com windows ie defauILl1tm http www mozilla com firefox Netscape 7 1 Streamline http sillydog org narchive sd 71 html Netscape Archive 7 1 or 7 2 http browser netscape com ns8 download archive jsp 24 Mozilla FAQ http www mozilla org start 1 4 faq general htm l

ns7 14 November 2006 Sillydog org Browser Archive 31 October 2005 http sillydog org narchive fuIl67 php 24 October 2006 25 24 UNCLASSIFIEOUj OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHj QR Qj j ICIAb YSE QNbY What the heck are cookies Cookies are text placed on your computer's hard disk yes by a website in order to remember something about you For example a site may set a cookie that enables you to reenter without logging in or customize its pages based on the type of browser you're using Cookies remain controversial more later UNCLASSIFIEDIJj QR QFFlel 8 L tJ8E OI' lL t 25 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDPI 'OR g ISIAL USE 6NLY The Great Internet Search-Offs Over the last decade the inevitable search offs have become commonplace both Internet vs traditional researcher and Internet researchers against each other Some of the findings of these contests provide insight into how search engines work 1 Most search-offs and wide-ranging studies continue to find surprisingly little overlap among major search engines so use more than one search engine as a general rule 2 The Internet is now being widely used for serious research which means higher quality more reliable information on the web But as with any research source you must weigh the validity accuracy currency and overall quality of the information before using it 3 Search engines rely on statistical interfaces concept-based search mechanisms or link analysis to return and rank hits using boolean sxpresslons' usually interferes with or defeats these statistical approaches In general do not use boolean queries unless you know exactly what you are looking for and are very comfortable with that search engine's boolean rules no they are not all the same for example you may have to use CAPS for all operators Also many search engines do not correctly process nested boolean queries boolean searches with parentheses 4 Be aware that search engines are giving more weight to popular and or pay-for-placement web pages In fact most search engines use services to determine which are the most visited and therefore most popular websites and return them at the top of the results list This is a strategic move away from the traditional words on a page ranking system Trustworthy search engines will clearly indicate which hits are paid entries The term boolean often encountered when doing searchers on the web and frequently spelled Boolean refers to a system of logical thought developed by the English mathematician and computer pioneer George Boole 1815-64 In boolean searching an and operator between two words or other values for example pear AND apple means one is searching for documents containing both the words or values not just one of them An or operator between two words or other values for example pear OR apple means one is searching for documents containing either of the words Boolean SearchSMB com http searchsmb techtarget com sDefinition O 290660 sid44 gci211695 00 html 14 November 2006 26 26 UNCLASSIFIEDlll 'OR OI I 'ICIAL USE ONb¥ DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlel cL 1 I5E ONLY 5 Learn the search syntax of the search engines you use never assume Most search engines use double quotes to enclose a phrase and the plus and minus - keys to indicate must include and must exclude respectively But these are by no means universal rules especially when using international or metasearch engines 6 The default operator for all major US search engines is now AND As of February 2002 no major search engine used OR as its default operator However most search engines will let you use an OR in the simple search box Yahoo and Google permit OR searches in the simple search box but you must capitalize the OR 7 Keep in mind that because HTML does not have a date tag date can mean many things creation date the last modified date for the page or the date search engine found the page I do not recommend searching by date except when using weblog news or newsgroup search engines Understanding statistical interfaces is important especially for researchers used to boolean and other non-statistical query languages Most search engines use statistical interfaces The search engine assigns relative weights to each search term depending on its rarity in their database how frequently the term occurs on the webpage whether or not the term appears in the uri how close to the top of the page the term appears sometimes whether or not the term appears in the metatags When you query the database the search engine adds up all the weights that match your query terms and returns the documents with the highest weight first Each search engine has its own algorithm for assigning weights and they tweak these frequently In general rare unusual terms are easier to find than common ones because of the weighting system However remember that popularity measured by various means often trumps any statistical interface UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFlel cL 1 I5E ONLY 27 OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONI V Types of Search Tools Before delving into the intricacies of search engines let's look at some other ways of finding information on the web Search engines are not the only and often not even the best way to access information on the Internet Web Directories Subject Guides Portals Web directories are organized subject catalogues that allow the web searcher to browse through lists of sites by subject in search of relevant information Yahoo Galaxy Google Directory Lycos and the Open Directory are select lists of links to pertinent websites Directories were once viewed as the future of the Internet because they could sift through the mountains of information and millions of websites to offer only the best and most relevant However directories have truly fallen by the wayside over the past several years with the rise of Google and even more importantly wikis in general and Wikipedia in particular Directories continue to recede in importance and value to researchers as they are increasingly replaced by better alternatives including Custom Search by which a voluntary community of searchers shares expertise to create more focused searches with more relevant results The reason for the decline of directories is obvious directories are simply too manpower intensive and expensive to keep up with the ever-changing and expanding web I would say at this point directories while not dead are probably moribund Directories rely on people to create their listings Obviously this is a much more labor-intensive business than operating a search engine robot Websites indexed in a directory are either described evaluated by editors reviewers or rely on descriptions provided by web page owners who may pay for placement in a directory When you search a directory the only retrievals will come from those descriptions so keep this in mind Although directories give you a much more limited view of the web directories do have their own utility Most directories also have a backup search that provides responses to queries that don't match anything in the directory listings Directories may produce more relevant results Subject guide databases are always smaller than those of search engines which means that the number of hits returned tends to be smaller as well On the bright 28 UNCLASSIFIED

I QR Ql l lCIAb blS ONbY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfiFeR eFFlelAL tJSE erRY side this means the results directories produce are often more relevant For example while a search engine typically indexes every page of a given website a subject guide is more likely to provide a link only to the site's home page For this reason they lend themselves best to searching for information about a general subject rather than for a specific piece of information Yahoo still has the best-known subject guide directory and can be a good starting place for research even on technical subjects Yahoo used to list links alphabetically but once Google came along with its ranked list of sites Yahoo started offering most popular sites first before going to its alphabetical list However Yahoo's directory has suffered in recent years as the Google Directory has steadily improved Google gets its directory data free in the form of the Open Directory Project You may not recognize the Open Directory Project by this name but you have probably used it The ODP is the directory behind the Google Directory AOL Search Yahoo Directory and many others The ODP is the largest most comprehensive human-edited directory of the Web It is constructed and maintained by a vast global community of volunteer editors Galaxy is definitely worth a look because it was designed for and by professionals so it has a bent toward business technology and science that other directories lack You may search either the Galaxy collection or the web using their proprietary search engine Best of the Web started life in 1994 as a web awards site and is now a full-fledged directory Many more specialized directories are discussed under the Invisible Internet Best of the Web http botw org default aspx Galaxy Google Directory http www galaxy com http directory google com Open Directory http dmoz org Yahoo Directory http dir yahoo com UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL I ISE ONLY 29 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJr OR OFFICIAL ijSE ONLY Metasearch Sites The growth in the number of search engines has led to the creation of meta search sites These services allow you to invoke several or even many search engines simultaneously These metasearchers may do a more thorough job of sifting through the net for your topic than any single search engine If you are new to using search engines these are a great way to do a very broad search while familiarizing yourself with the popular engines and how they respond But metasearch engines inevitably lack the flexibility of individual search tools It is important to note that many metasearch engines do not employ some of the best search engines such as Google and Yahoo Also my biggest complaint about metasearch engines is that they perform shallow searches usually only retrieving the top ten or so hits from a site which is far too few to be comprehensive or truly representative of what is out there However metasearch engines do serve a purpose If you are unsure if a term will be found anywhere on the web try a metasearch engine first to size the problem you may get zero hits with a dozen search engines you've got a problem or you may get a half-dozen right-on-the-money hits right off the bat http c1usty com Clusty Vivisimo in my opinion the best free metasearch tool available opened a new search site-Clusty-in 2004 and then made Clusty its search home in 2006 Fundamentally Vivisimo and Clusty are the same but Clusty adds options for news image Wikipedia government and blog searches The Vivisimo technology behind Clusty is unique because it employs its own clustering engine software that organizes unstructured information into hierarchical folders Clusty offers clustered results of web news and certain specialty searches The Clusty default is to search the web using Live Search Gigablast Ask Wikipedia and the Open Directory Clusty is especially useful for searching ambiguous terms such as cardinal because it clusters them by logical categories as shown below 30 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL ijSE ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONr gR gr r ISIAb USIi g Jb¥ Top 24 results of at least 18 087 436 retrieved for the query cardindl Icilisters_ TOI News Find more news slones All Re'SlIltsf2 i J 0$1 LOllis C lltlill lls 21l U Univelsity - 2J e Cnthollc r o c dinel Health P o o A izOllil C lllinill H 1 o Desiglls S o Cclldillill Ratzinqet 0 Not1 hQIIl C 1IIHlh1h il Cardinal Stritcll Univ Info on Altending Catdinal Stritch Univ Plus a Free Info Booklet - r lin 1 31nkh' v f rl St Louis Ci- arnp'o G8ar 2006 CardsChamps Merchandise - T-Shrrts Hats Mugs Souvenirs - 'N'A ·3 tl r Ut Cr l'ilp 0' Photog -lphync 'l i' Cllflin llnumber j more I all clusters 1 Cardinal He81th - Makmq healthcare saier and more productive C -o r Offersdrug development services in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry Containsinformation on company investor relations and news IN ·V -· u rdl'FlI r cm - '7-1' '1 J - r- 'l N r n Ii'8l IJry Jls n lt ' t GI0 'bl-1 t Cardinality iEl In mathematlcs lhe cardinality of a is a measure of1he number of elements of the set There are two approaches 10 cardinality - one which compares sets directly using bilections inieclions and sUijections and another which uses cardmal numbers 1 ' 1 I k' i tii l 0 t ··i l 8'lil l lI ty - - t hf l- lV l lpf dl ' 3 Cardinal Stritcll Universitv l l The Cardinal Stritch University Theatre Arts department will present In honor of the Feast ofSt Francis Cardinal Stritch University More -' t'IIChJ dlJ -l ach o' - c '£i l liar J pen ir8CiGry ' I'Jenl t z Cardinal l l 8 The voId cardinal comes from the Latin catdO for hi ge nd usu lI re rs o thin s o fundamen al i po nce Also Clusty lets users look at the sources of the search results and types of sites e g com qov Clusty has a unique feature that allows users to search inside clusters In this example the original search was iran and the find in clusters search was nuclear Here are the results of this recursive search looking at the sources of data UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFl61AL USE ONLY 31 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEom OR Ol l lCIAb UG g lbY 24 of the top results retrieved for the query iran match the sub-query _ sources _ _ 1 Iran may limit work willl I L EA if sanctions imposed I 'l Q 4 j oDljrz eqc han may limit its cooperation with the U N nuclear watchdog if sanct ons are Imposed over the Islamic Republic's atomic p rogram a former chief nuclear negotiator was quoted as saying on han rejected repeated Wednesday European slates have prepared a draft sanctions resolution after • U N demands to scrap uranium enrichment which can be used to make material for power stations or warheads Rus sia has expressed misgivings about the proposal Hassan Rohani a moderate politrcian who led Iran's nuclear negotiations with the European Union since 2003 until hardline President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad took office last year warned about nr - rZ '3'hC'Q C c n sinmf 2' OG i 1e1 1 i·ln nl c lear_ r ln_I lf a_ de - c I he j - Y ' Jho N8V'' ' 0- Gi9 bl s %1 MSN l4·' UYTimeS 10 o Open DilectOrYf'S o Sponsored ListiIHJS 4J 2 s Wikipedi l jO I 'l Q 0 will offer cash incentives to travel agencies to encourage Western tourists to visit the country giving a premium for Americans the official lslamrc Republic News Agency reported The Islamic republic's political leadership l hO J $ 0' hall o Wisenlltl oi usn to Qav incenti' ·es to attract touri5ts has been trying to reach out to ordinary Americans 10 show that a standoff over 1I 1n'snuclear ambitions is with the Council Bush administration not U S citizens The latest initiative comes as the United Nations Security deliberates a draft resolution that would impose sanctions on han for its disputed nuclea proglam II an's tourism department will pay $20 per person to those who attrect Eumpean or '1 ' ' i 'I C 1n1is pil r _ JS_l j j Y · ul - hl - ' lIH' ' 1 Nl I fs V hov lIeWS or nuclear remove highlighting 3 ITI Countl-y Overviews Iran Profile I 'l 0 Introduction Iran's chemical weapons and ballistic missiles and possibly its nuclear weapon program and biological warfare capabilities are meant to deter opponents and to gain influence in the ' ' ' A ' nu r' 9i _I q ch r r 'lfil ' ' lr n' lnd ' ·ltnll-I ' 1 h6J MSN J 4 Moscow I - - rrr8V ' back U N sanctions on Iran l'l Q 0 13 hours ecc Two senior Russian officials indicated Tuesday that Moscow could back a drQft U N Security Council resolution imposing sanctions on 11 111 in an apparent sign of the Islamic Republic's growing isolation over its nuclear program The comments came after months of Russian opposition to sanctions and suggested Ihal Moscow could reluctantly support punishment as a lever of Influence over a stubborn lran Just last Thursday the foreign minister said Moscow was opposed to the resolution For news Clusty searches the New York Times Associated Press Reuters and Yahoo News Which subsumes a huge number of sources One of the best features of Clusty news search is the ability to toggle among clustered results sources and sections such as business health tech science r e''''WI flI ''I''' lm _ TOltNews S IIICeS u s W II 1 Tedl tle llth Business Science Top 205 results of at least 686 retrieved for the query iraq defr tion t ll All Resulrs rosr Q- Yahoo News APPI G NY Times rse o Reuters 1' ' 1 Q Y lho l $ c rw Resulls in keY House races Reuters poll T ' J ' G t' i t' J'_' l J ' Q iI ' · NewS 8i Font size Reuters Canada welcQmes 63 Palestlnlans stranded between 11 1 1 Jordan '- ·H·I rH'· 1 m n tll1ihtary chart shows 11 1 1 sliding toward chaos Y 1 Hto' l· '·li mrru Gunmen kidnap lIaqi Kerry $ - ls cO lch Qo fOl bote hed 11 qis divided Oller checkpolnlS order P J ' - r 'LJf ' 1 ' fOI blind I '_ ·Ii ' ·· t 0 AP o Hezb threatens street protests NYTimes » Q G A Ser ate Newcomer Helping Fellow Democrats on the Trail and Drawing Big Crowds l' TirH 'S '5 1 32 SOrT r l'J r h 1j1'J 1 l'QIJ MiQ h lq Set S it needs $100 billIon in 1 F'· '''h' -U -' l' 11 0 Democrats increase hope of winnrng House Democrats Discover New Political Fronlier il t iIT ' ' '4 ml'l a-to UNCLASSIFIEOJlFOR OFFIGIAL SE ONLY F- 1 ' 1 ' ' 11 a J ' DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDI IKO Or r ICIAI liSE ONI V Clusty also provides a number of advanced search options and preferences including the option to add your own customized tabs to the main search page Clusty stands out as one of-if not indeed-the best metasearch tools available for free and without registration on the Internet When clustering works and the Vivisimo technology was independently rated as accurate 90 percent of the time it offers advantages for automatically grouping huge amounts of information logically Because there is no human intervention Vivisimo's clustering algorithm also helps in discovering new areas of subject development avoiding the 'mummy's curse ' in which human catalogers have to recognize a term before approving it for usage and then leaving the earlier material using the term un-indexed and irretrievable by that term as an authorized descriptor or metataq http www jux2 com Jux2 Jux2 lets users query three search engines-Google Yahoo and Live Search still referred to as MSN Search -and then shows you 1 The Best Results from all three search engines and the total hits for each 2 What only Google found and what is missing from Google 3 What only Yahoo found and what is missing from Yahoo 4 What only Live MSN Search found and what is missing from Live MSN Search Barbara Quint Vivisimo Clustering Chosen to Enhance Searching at Institute of Physics Publishing Site Infotoday 25 March 2002 http www infotoday com newsbreaks nb0203252 htm 14 November 2006 27 UNCLASSIFIED1'1FOR OFFIOIAL 1 J5E mJLY 33 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY latrop os se6J'ch Best Results Comp-Afe Coogle·s Result I a l'-' ll ced searcn htt e f e t e nce Compa rQ Ya hoo'£ Res ults Co mpa re MSN's Results W hat only Google found ATROPOS The deity' from Greek MvtholoqV Greek Mythology Meet the Classical Gods of Ancien t Greece ATROPOS Oldest of the three FATES She's the one who cuts the Thread of Life with her fatal A 'Nw J atsudon neUgwfic atropos Jltml ltt ' ' '- ' ' ' '- ' ' lc_ r e li f i 'l I ' 'i r' P ' ''' btr-' I

7 on Google Amazon com Hornblower ancl the Atropos Hornblower Saoa Paper'back Amazon com Hornblower and the Atropes Hornblower Saga Paperback Books CS Forest er by CS F orester ht t ' - ' ' _ '· 1 ' ' 1 x r 'l I J · 1 ' l 11 j - ' -' 1 '_- · 1 - ' 1 ' ' '32 ' - · 'v 1 i n' l # 9 on Google What 's missing from Googl e http en vikipedia org wikilAtropos From W ikipedia the free encyc lopedia Atropos is also a British entomologica l jo urnal - see Atroil OS journall In Greek mythology Au0I' 0S was the third of the Moirae __ It was AUOIIOS who chose the mechan ism of death and ended the life of each mortal by cutting their thread h H t - ·· I · · i d r W k · · ro r ' l

3 on Yaho o

3 on MSN Bloqger User Profile Atropos Atropos Gender female Industry Fashion Occupat ion Model Location Ohio Unit ed State s About Me I'm a 22 year old female who enjoys exploring deviant fashion as a form of self expression ' -l- _ ' ' i · · · e - r ·f p l l · -r i t 4 1 2£

5 on fI SN I believe you will be as surprised as I was to see how little overlap there often is among the big three search engines - - _ - - - - - - - - - - Dogpile http www dogpile com Dogpile despite its name is a good metasearch engine Dogpile includes Live Search results along with those from Google Yahoo and Ask Jeeves This is of course very good news because Dogpile is now drawing from all the major USbased search engines with the exception of Gigablast It also searches smaller or lesser-known search engines and directories including the MIVA formally FindWhat LookSmart Ask About and more Interestingly the European version's name is Webfetch because of unfortunate associations between Dogpile and manure Mamma http www mamma com Mamma the Mother of All Search Engines might just be exaggerating a wee bit Mamma offers web news image and yellow and white page search options 34 UNCLASSIFIEDllfROR OfRfRlCIAb U8i ONbY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFISIAL 'iii QNbY Search engines queried are Ask Wisenut Gigablast and Entireweb a serious misnomer and directories queried are Open Directory About Business com and two pay-per-c1ick sources The Pandia Metasearch Engine http www pandia com metasearch index html The famed search guide site Pandia offers its own excellent metasearch engine The Pandia metasearch engine collects and sorts the hits takes out duplicates and presents the end result in a simple format The first results you'll see are from what Pandia describes as the essential search engines and directories which include Google Yahoo HotBot and Wisenut Strangely Pandia continues to list AlltheWeb Fast and AltaVista as search engines while they acknowledge at other places on their site that Yahoo subsumed both engines Still this is a very good metasearch site More metasearch sites Ithaki http www ithaki net indexu htm IxQuick http www ixquick com Metacrawler http www metacrawler com Search com http www search com Surfwax http www surfwax com Open Directory's List of Metasearch Sites http dmoz org Computers I nternetiSearchi ng Metasearch Megasearch Sites Megasearch sites simply store several search engines under one roof but you have to do the searches one search engine at a time They are becoming more sophisticated and better as time passes serving as good entry points for finding and evaluating search engines They are especially useful for locating international search engines All Search Engines Find It Quick http www allsearchengines com http www quickfindit com Search Engines Search-22 http www search-22 com SearchEzee http www searchezee com search shtml UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlGljlcL USE ONLY 35 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFISIAb l J i g IL ¥ Types of Searches and the Best Ways to Handle Them The first thing to ask yourself is the one question a lot of people never consider is the Internet the best place to start In general the Internet has become so good at answering factual questions-the kinds of things you find in an almanac an encyclopedia or a phone book-that it is now usually better in terms of speed timeliness and accuracy than other resources For example if I need to know the world's largest hydroelectric plants I can open an almanac and look up this information or I can type world's largest hydroelectric plants into Google Yahoo or Live Search where the first result links me to a page at Information Please com that contains the answer to the question Still compared to traditional library-type resources the Internet may be slower though this is changing with new technologies less reliable large amounts of bad data in among the good disorganized a library with all the books on the floor frustrating lots of broken links hard to use generally poor search tools and too much data to sift through risky because of growing privacy and security threats This being said why do we need to use to the Internet Because 36 it has almost unlimited amount of data also a minus too much of a good thing and way too much of the bad the data tend to be current it offers multimedia video audio charts tables illustrations it allows the individual to do much more of his own research it is relatively inexpensive at least in some countries most importantly it contains a vast amount of unique information UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlIFOR OFFlGI L l JSE ONLY You've thought through your research question and decided to use the Internet to find information either because you've already tried traditional sources without success or you believe the Internet is your best option You're sitting in front of your terminal you've logged onto the Internet and you're staring at a blank screen Now what Let's start with a relatively easy type of search You need to find general information about a fairly broad topic Let's say you need to research a broad topic unfamiliar to you for example Java The best approach may not be to type java into a search engine Why Because you'll probably get millions of hits and the first ones may be to commercial sites trying to sell you something relating to Java and will undoubtedly also include other meanings of Java such as Indonesia and coffee If you are looking for general information on a topic wikis specialized vertical search engines and virtual libraries are often better starting points for researching general or broad topics than big search engines The single biggest mistake searchers make is using the wrong search tool For example search engines are generally not the best tools for finding current news use a news search engine for researching broad topics use a specialty directory or virtual library or for performing specialized searches such as scientific research use a specialty search engine That's why the number one rule for web research is Rule One Use the right tool for the job UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL I JSE eNLY 37 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlIPOR OIPIPICI A L SE Obll V Let's go back to the Java example where you want to find general information on the web about Java programming Start with the Yahoo directory and see what categories it offers on Java You can ignore the sponsored results and the categories about Indonesia classic arcade games and commercial Java services Instead your best bet is Programming Languages Java 'Y1 HOOt SEARCH Diredory Search I r the Web I r the Directory r this category Search Programming Languages Java Email this page I Suggest a Site Adyanced Search Directory Computers and Internet Programming and Development Languages Java CATEGORIES SPONSOR RESULTS Industry Categories CocoBase DIP Persists Data for Java Get CMP BMP Session Transparent Persistence for Java applications 'hw·N thol lghtrnc com • DevelollerS Q Additiolwl Cateqories • Applets 45 • Java Viltual Milchines pVMsj 5 • Books'Q' • Jinirci' • Qasses 3 • Mal azines 4 • Compilers 9 • M lilinlJ Lists 1 • Events 2 • PeOllle 3 Poninq Projects 4 • FAOs 5 • • Games 65 • Security 21 • Guides TlIlorials and Documentation 27 • User GroUllS 18 • Utilities 5 • Web Directories 6 • J lViI 2 Pl ltform Enter'prise Edition J2EEI 5 • Java 2 Micro Editiou J2MEj 8 • Jav I Advanced Imaging IJAI ij SITE LISTINGS By Popularity I Alph t cal Whafs Thifll Hands-on Java Training in 75 Cities Instructor-led Java courses in more than 75 cities across the U S Vv W traininqhctt com Java Code Generation Generate Java classes from XML schemes or UML models or generate Complete Java Training Hands on instructor-led complete Iaya trajnina Computers_and_InternetiProgramming_and_DevelopmentiLang uages Java Right there on one page is a wealth of promising links to documentation reference tutorials news downloads articles etc and to the most lucrative resource of all the metaguide In this case take a look at Java Boutique which is a collection of useful Java information news forums and more collected in one convenient location 38 UNCLASSIFIED vlPeR eFFIelAL liSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIJIftOR OIftIftI IAb l JS ONbY b' U1»' FIND THERIGHT IBMRATIONAL ANALYSISDESIGN ANDCONSTRUCTIONTOOLSFORYOURPROJECT Co or ldo Te t h Online IT Servi ces e lest Buy fOI 611SIIIE''S'S Funl O 11 1b 1Sf 'Sqfl w ne l nd II1ffl fl lookSm n SCai eh M ukc1nIU M n '1 uhu Oat Thl OlUlh Q lven isiI 19 H _iJ l Best BUYfor Bns lnes s f ind C Iupl ne Secmit'y H Udwoue W€'b OesiUII Selvices plus Net 1m GctlClm c O lt lh ' sc · Of n W e h P P t' ELtl i nt n e B 'lit 8uVfoll lusille ss fi 1 Sotl w iu e Allplic at iQIIS m id NewonJava Boutique TutDrials Int el Go PanJllfI'l Port • A o low a'ffl iOEs one Tools So rtQdSe end Sorted M ap Made Easier with TWO Ne w My tana Int ' rl ac e s The new ava utll package contains two new Interfaces of this package j3v3 u1ll N3vlgableSet and lava ulII NavlgableMap 80th have been Introduced 10 ease your SUffering when working wilh SortedSet and SortedMap Glosr ary ppj ari p ps Applots b t g y A Plt t5 v o t __ Anplo« byN _ Appltc hoO • Sorvlats SUbmil Suurco odf' Ci liuii nlrY How 0 0 J ay'8' Lists PvIo l'Io lur e Up CompM ina ArreY li s b AM06a p eySour ee Dev Sldflbuli d i ngtr o m IBMd 1lv lol QrWorks IBM Ration 2l1 Too l s and Learni ng Sho WCil s e • A v ava De v el op er Cono e di oo Cente r • Mi c ro s oft Yj ya St ydio ExI ' o ' l bll il y I -and 'aps Java offers several solutions for s Qling objecls in an ordered list arrays Lists and Maps- to mention the best known But which one is the best for your application ThiS article analyzes tne perlormance benefits and drawbacks of each solution with real-life reaJ time examples Book Ex c ttClt· J V t EE 5 l U Mial The Jr d Edi ti on FAD USOfSPQn Di1icUS ton I Oestinatl o nH ET Fofum Gon lDCl Us This latest edition updates e sti ng chapters aboulJSP EJS and se mets While addIng new chapters on the SunJava System ApplicallOn Server9 Web-tier teChnology and Web services Take a loo k at Ch apter 9 rnr an introduc tio n to JavaS erver Faces a server-stce user interlace component framework for Web apps griPes Takes $t rutsto t he t Xl Lev el Struts has done a good job aUlhese 'fears but it may be time for a new rrameworxs day in the sun Learn about some of Stripes' features and how developing a Stripes applicalion is a step up from snurs ' Thanks to thousands of individuals corporations and organizations the Internet offers countless such metaguide sites on a huge variety of subjects Which brings us directly to Rule Two Let other people do as much work for you as possible use their metaguides their FAQs their expertise to your advantage Directories are not the only good sources of general information A number of virtual libraries and reference desks have sprung up on the web and they tend to be terrific starting places for all types of general information because they have thousands of pre-selected links to sources of data the researchers know to be good Let's continue with the Java example If we go to the Intute Science Engineering and Technology page formerly EEVL the Internet Guide to Engineering UNCLASSIFIEDNIftOR OFFlGIJ8cL liSE ONLY 39 DOCID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDHraOR OraralSIAb 1 18i O bY Mathematics and Computing and search on java we get back a list of highly relevant and carefully evaluated websites science engineering 8 technology rlgml •••1 Search Resul ts in 1j llsubjeetS d- l r d 'S an -h SI lbiF 1 Search terrnts Results A·Z I'J ·· 'r8S0UI't I S S e l i f f j subjeCl s Alii 773 Harvesterr _ ulIs Q t3 J L§ · SOetails Full record t- Go to website 0 Save Record Now showing 1 - 25 of 773 records Page 1 J_1 § 3 Pen oleum S'i$l' lll f the NQl1hwest ''IV' PI VilH e J 1ViJ awl Ottshote Southeast S IIIl'W l Indonesia EIlHil1f l HinCj f jOUJI1iI15 ijOetn ils fi ' This report is available onlinefrom the USGS Mature synrift lacustrine shales of Eocene to illtHIOltic N II III «l11l ff1I1 Oligocene age and mature late rift coals and coaly shales of Oligocene to Miocene age are source rocks for oil and gas in two important petroleum systems of the onshore and offshore areas of the Northwest Java Basin Biogenic gas and carbonate sourced gas have also been identified These hydrocarbons are trapped primarily in anticlines and fault blacks involving sandstone and carbonate reservoirs These source racks and reservoir rocks were depos led in a complex of Tertiary rift basins formed from single or multiple half grabenson the south edgeof the Sunda Shelf plate 11t'1 ' 91e enwc 0 1 l 1 IISIJS' J 0 · 'Nl er 9Y WoIId Ell er UyfO I -5HR' r - i - -- • Timelilli S rW ' ' 'i' i 'j' 'i' i e JfuoctailS Pocus en IilV 1 0 Focus on Java hosted by About com aims to create an environment for learning about the Java programming language by editing and presenting contemporary information about its development -wfluilu I ·I C· j'i n · k rl··I · I ·' 81 The site includes a weekly article on Java as well as links of various sorts for JUGs JOKs and III Records marked 0 Usenet groups There is a news section updated daily tutorials documentation and source code on all aspects of Java scripting and programming The site also includes free tools and utilities as well j as links to Java resource sites on the Web such as source code banks web directories and online cublications In addition to the obvious SUN sites about Java there are many others such as links to Java FAQs news tutorials course notes seminar slides articles development tools users' groups mailing lists books conferences links to webbased courses and other resources Now you have a new resource for future Java-related research Naturally the first thing to do is bookmark the page Rule Three Bookmark constantly organize your bookmarks and back them up as though your life depends on it One of the biggest and most influential entries into the reference research world on the Internet is Wikipedia a self-described free encyclopedia that anyone can edit Because of its growth and importance Wikipedia has earned a separate section in this year's edition According to the Wikipedia the term wiki describes a group of 40 UNCLA551FIEDJlI OR OraFiSIAL liSE eNt't' DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFISIAL l JSli Q IL Y Web pages that allows users to add content as on an Internet forum but also allows others often completely unrestricted to edit the content The term wiki also refers to the collaborative software wiki engine used to create such a website see wiki software In essence the wiki is a vast simplification of the process of creating HTML pages and thus is a very effective way to exchange information through collaborative effort Wiki is sometimes interpreted as the acronym for 'what I know is' which describes the knowledge contribution storage and exchange up to some point ' 28 The most obvious potential problem with an encyclopedia that anyone can edit is quality control and in fact one of the Wikipedia's co-founders admitted serious problems with the quality and accuracy of some perhaps a lot of the Wikipedia content While there is a tremendous amount of good information in Wikipedia it should not be relied upon as a sole source Neither should it be ignored as this example of a disambiguation page on java shows Java From Wikipedia the free encycl opedia The term J • IVa can refer 10 In geography lt'i9 atiO Main Page Q Community Portal «s Current e ents • Java island the most populous island in Indonesi a • Javanese language a language widely spoken on t he island of Java • Java coffee a variety of coffee plant which originat ed on the island of Java or a slang word for i t l Re ' ent chenges 8 RF indom articte • Java Trench a subduct ion zone t rench off of the island of Java III Help • Java Georgia Republic of Georgia L'4 Contact U III Dontdlons search coffee • J 3 ' 3 New York Unite d Slates of America • Java South Dakot a Unite d Stat es of America In computer scieuce I • Jova is a te chnol ogy developed by Sun Microsystems for machine independent softw are whi ch encompasses toolbox a V lhatIInk s- here m Related chang es G l Upload file l I Special pages i' f Printable v ers ion clava programming language an obje ct-oriented high-level programm ing language • Java virtual machine the virtual machi ne that runs Java byte code • Java platform the Java virtual mac hine plus associated librarie s • JavaSc ript a scripting language unrela ted to the Java program ming language Java may also mean Wikipedia also has the advantage of offering a free encyclopedia in a number of languages besides English including French Polish Portuguese Spanish Dutch Swedish Italian German and Japanese Wiki Wikipedia Wikipedia 2005 Answers com http www answers com topic wik i 14 November 2006 28 29 Andrew Orlowski Wikipedia Founder Admits to Serious Quality Problems The Register 18 October 2005 htlp www theregister co uk 2005 1O 18 wikipedia quality problem 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR QFj ICl o b U51i Obll Y 41 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOJJj QR Qj j I IAb USi QNb¥ To review the best starting places for general information on broad topics are web directories subject guides virtual libraries and reference desks There are hundreds of such websites but I've selected a few of the best About http www about com Encyclopedia com http www encyclopedia com Encyclopedia Britannica http www britannica com Hotsheet http www hotsheet com INFOMINE http infomine ucr edu Information Please http www infoplease com Internet Library for Librarians http www itcompany com inforetriever index htm Intute formerly RON http www intute ac uk The Internet Public Library http www ipl org Librarians' Index to the Internet The Library Spot http lii org http www libraryspot com Martindale's The Reference Desk http www martindalecenter com My Virtual Reference Desk http www refdesk com Pinakes Subject Gateway http www hw ac uk libWWW irn pinakes pinakes html Wikipedia http en wikipedia org WWW Virtual Library Yahoo Reference http vlib org Overview html http education yahoo com reference Think of search engine databases as huge warehouses in which everything from diamonds to debris is stored Your job is to find the jewels amid the muck Although full-text articles require a paid subscription to Encyclopedia Britannica the site is still a useful starting place for research and includes free access to the Britannica Concise Encyclopedia 30 31 Pinakes is the gateway to Intute and dozens of other equally valuable specialized research sites 42 UNCLASSIFIEOJJj QR Qj j I IAb USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfilie elililelAL l JSE ONLY Search Savvy-Mastering the Art of Search While directories and virtual libraries contain information selected by people search engine databases are mostly unfiltered that is no human being is looking at the data being indexed to determine its value authenticity and reliability Search engines are where the researcher's experience knowledge judgment and intuition really come into play Because of their vast scope and size search engines are the heart and soul of Internet search and research No other resource reaches as far or wide or quickly as a search engine A researcher must learn to use search engines to their fullest extent despite their limitations Individual search engines have some very important advantages over directories metasearch and megasearch sites Foremost among these is the fact that they have much larger databases of indexed sites However no single search engine is best Each has its own advantages and drawbacks Furthermore there is a remarkable lack of overlap among search engines databases so it is vital that you train yourself to use more than one search engine Greg Notess ran an interestin little experiment that demonstrated the need to use more than one search engine 2 He was looking for the real name for an AOL screen name a piece of information that is often hard to find One only search engine-in his example Yahoo found the name-while Google Live Gigablast Ask and Exalead all failed to locate the information It could have been any search engine not just Yahoo that provided the data but the point is clear you must try multiple search engines especially when looking for obscure or hard to find information On a larger scale the metasearch engine Dogpile touted the results of a 2005 study they did in collaboration with researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University showing a lack of duplication in the top results of the major search engines When the researchers ran 12 570 different queries through search engines at Yahoo Google MSN and Ask Jeeves they found that only 1 1 percent of the results appeared on all four engines while 84 9 percent of the top results were Greg Notess Overlap Showdown Only 1 of 6 Search Engine Showdown 28 December 2006 http www searchengineshowdown com blog 2006 12 overlap showdown only at 1 of 1 shtml 16 January 2007 32 UNCLASSIFIEDf lFQR QFFIGIAb l ISE QNbY 43 4046925 DOClD UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAl YS g JbY unique to one engine Only 2 6 percent of the results were shared by three search providers and 11 4 percent were delivered by two search engines 33 I am not surprised by the results although I doubt the lack of overlap is quite as significant as the study indicates The researchers used a relatively small sample they only looked at the top ten results they included paid results and-probably most significantly-Dogpile sponsored the study If a study to test metasearch engine results compared to individual search engine results concludes that metasearch engines do a better job it is hardly surprising and not necessarily convincing You can read the Doqpile University of Pittsburgh and Penn State University study and take a look at Dogpile's Compare Search Engines page to see how the comparison works Dogpile's Compare Search Engines http comparesearchengines dogpile com Different Engines Different Results http comparesearchengines dogpile com OverlapAnalysis pdf Rule Four Use more than one search engine All search engines have their own way of doing things which means there is no set of rules or guidelines that users can apply to them all It helps however to familiarize yourself with the kinds of features available so you will at least know what to look for Often research involves the search for specific information a telephone number a name or title a specific company or product a piece of equipment etc Even researching a general subject may require a broader data set than a virtual library or subject guide offers if you need to find out as much as possible about a subject For example if I need to know everything available on the web about Mexico and NAFTA I cannot limit myself to someone else's edited list Besides there won't be Dogpile com in collaboration with researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University Different Engines Different Results A Research Study July 2005 http comparesearchengines dogpile com OverlapAnalysis pdf 14 November 2006 I have serious doubts about the accuracy of this claim but the general conclusion of the study that there is a lack of overlap among search engine results is valid if exaggerated 33 44 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNj QR Qj j I I Otb Uili QNbY much if any information because I am looking for specialized information Mexico within a big topic NAFTA Compared to directories and metasearch services individual search engines offer much greater flexibility and many more options for searching not the least of which is the ability to search using boolean expressions Search engine companies have concluded probably rightly that boolean searches are beyond the ken of most users although you may find the boolean queries permitted by the best search engines are inferior to what you've used before One of the hottest areas of contention surrounding search engines has always been and continues to be search engine index size I recommend you take size claims with a grain of salt Search engine index sizes are self-reported and not validated by any objective third party This old contest came to a head in 2005 First Yahoo claimed to have indexed over 20 billion items in its index These items included just over 19 2 billion web documents 1 6 billion images and over 50 million audio and video files 34 Yahoo's claim at first appeared to mark the beginning of another competition to retain the honor of having the biggest search engine database something Google had prided itself on for years This time however instead of fighting back with bigger number counts on its homepage Google dropped those numbers entirely as part of its seventh birthday celebration in September 2005 At the same time Google announced a newly expanded web search index that is 1 000 times the size of our original index which makes Google more than 3 times larger than any other search engine 35 Google did not offer any specific number but insisted it offers the most comprehensive collection of websites and documents on the Internet Yahoo makes a similar claim The answer There is no one best search engine or site researchers need a good toolkit of many resources when looking for rare information Determining search engine database size is something more akin to alchemy than arithmetic so I suggest you take all such estimates of size with a large dose of skepticism Besides numbers are one thing and good search results are quite another What good do 20 billion web documents do if not one of them provides the results you are seeking Relevant results are the best measure of a search engine's value but from my experience having a larger pool in which to fish for these answers really does make it more likely that a search engine will retrieve the results users seek in the case of obscure information which is after all the kind of information we are often seeking Search engine size wars are almost always a good thing for researchers because it keeps the big players on their toes and Our Blog is Growing Up-And So Has sic Our Index Yahoo Search Blog 8 August 2005 http www ysearchbloq com archives 000172 html 15 November 2006 34 We Wanted Something Special for Our Birthday Google Blogspot 26 September 2005 http googleblog blogspot com 2005 09 we-wanted-something-special-for-our html 15 November 2006 35 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFn IAb UiEi ONLY 45 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlFOR OFFICIAL liSE ONLY motivates them to improve their services This past year's competition was no exception Another important fact to remember is that most search engines do not index entire websites or documents It is no longer clear exactly how much of a webpage the major search engines index For example Google used to only index approximately the first 100KB of HTML and reportedly the first megabyte of PDF documents but in October 2005 Google dramatically increased the size of its cache limit Yahoo indexes at least the first 500KB of HTML and PDF documents As for Microsoft files types my experimentation with them indicates that in most cases Yahoo indexes virtually the entire file even in the case of very large documents The following is an overview of the major search engines in terms of their features how to use them effectively and what makes each one distinctive It is important to remember there is no such thing as a perfect search engine Each one has its advantages and drawbacks The only way to fully exploit a search engine is to take the time to learn to use it which means you must read the instructions Rule Five Read the instructions 46 UNCLASSIFIED l OR O FISIAb b1SE ONLY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlI QR QFFl61 1cL USE or L f Google Google first gained fame and widespread use because of its single-minded focus on search exemplified by its clean interface and its PageRank™ weighted link popularity In simple terms Google gives each webpage a rank based on the number of other pages linking to it and the importance of those pages where importance is derived from an overall link count While PageRank is imperfect it works better than most other approaches to ranking search results and indeed is one of the primary reasons for Google's success Some of Google's features that helped to create this very successful and powerful search tool are 0 cached versions of webpages Google was the first search engine to offer this option which let users peek into its vast database 0 automatic conversion of non-HTML filetypes to HTML is available Google was not the first to do this but certainly has been the most successful 0 backlinks the link syntax unfortunately Google now limits the number of backlinks it shows greatly reducing the utility of this option 0 Google seems to have increased its limits on the size of indexed pages I found an indexed PDF document over 764K a text file over 1000K and a webpage over 366K Very few webpages are larger than SOaK Google does not offer HTML versions of very large PDF or Word documents e g the complete 9 11 Commission Report but exactly what their cut-off size is I do not know 0 Google refreshes its index continuously not on a schedule this is a good thing Google's Matt Cutts explains Google's refresh rate It's true that when an event happens on the web our index can often pick it up in 1-2 days and usually even faster But a typical page in Google's main web index is updated every 2-3 weeks or faster it's not the case that the entire main web index is updated every 2-3 days 36 0 Google stopped advertising the size of its database in 2005 but Google is one of the largest if not the largest search database In determining the overall size of its index Google also includes uris of pages that it has not crawled and for which it has not indexed the text These orphan 36 Matt Cutts Google Update Speed Google Blogoscoped 26 July 2006 http bloq outercourt com archive 2006-07-26 html

n28 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDIlFOR OFFlGI L l J5E ONLY 47 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOMj QR Qj j IGIAL l JSE or LY pages may be any number of things including pages with robots txt command or § g Unindexed pages are identifiable by what they lack no summary no page size and no cached copy Google Orphans-no cached copy no summary no page size WI WII statvcuedufrobots Dd §i r 'L§ J 9 javangeli st sni psnap orgfspacefS nipSnapfconfi gfrob jLr U § r 9 9 9 WI WII atmoswashi ngton edufrobots Dd jJ t § r E t fichier indiquant aux robots les endrolts interdits # # voir http 'n - I T nsl te this 03q8 fichier indiquant aux robots les endroits interdits # # voir http info webcrawler com mak projectslrobots norobots html User-agent • Disallow n www ann jussieu fr robots txt - 1k - Ci ched - imilf a s WI WII pamarvsku It robots Dd S rni 8r paqes saglttari us studentutwente nl robots Dd Sii li 1L E£ _H _ Indexed page-cached copy summary page size Google no longer displays the number of pages searched on its home page but a search on the returns an estimated 4 8 billion pages so that represents the minimum number of pages in the Google database in fact it probably is far larger Remember all size claims are self validated so take them with a grain of salt Still for the types of Internet research we perform bigger really is better because we have a much better chance of finding obscure information in billions of webpages than in millions Customizing Google Preferences Google offers five basic Preferences settings 1 Interface language if you are more comfortable working in another language Google can display in dozens 2 Search language generally most searchers choose to search in any language but there are occasions when it makes sense to limit your search to one or more specific languages Google supports 35 languages including non-Latin languages such as Arabic Simplified and Traditional Chinese Greek Hebrew Japanese Korean Russian and Turkish 3 Filtering of pages containing explicit sexual content 4 Number of results a purely individual preference but 10 results per page is simply frustrating Google lets you see up to 100 results per page 5 Results window opens results in a new browser window 48 UNCLASSIFIEOhT6ft 6fOfOieiAL US ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDJfFOR QFIBI IAL liSE ONI V The Google Results Page Once you've entered your search terms and selected the Google Search button Google will present you with a list of results hits For each result returned you may see Eachlene is a link to that element's deflnltien All About Gooqle Help COllt 1 Search Help Basics ofSearch Advanced Search IIIle v et Results Customize G0091e Features General FAQ Im ABC ' ' I C ' 'l Coogle 'i'V' ' s 1 L Fiweil- ' -' - -Res S 'lO 500 90 g - mo m i l¥I 'W I I I Igoog ' d' ' I I Gh Fndtl1ap b' e lC m9fr f 'l $ reel adcrou 11 rtY Cf zipecx News f lor-9 £2i Ie 6 s s -I t 1 · M · _5 rs a H 'Je Os' J •• ' itft lK · BusM3Soiu1tolls · St t Jooh C0091 · S dinG J Z S T 1J b poQl 1 t- ' pE ' I W i I J · -'1 Su ci1pi 'OU P n J IJ' O K to L M - N the statistics bar F describes the type of search e g web and shows the number of results returned as well as the amount of time it took to complete your search a tip G may appear here but not all queries generate tips A typical tip might be Try removing quotes from your search to get more results OneBox Results H typically include news stock quotes maps weather and local websites related to your search the title I of the webpage found an excerpt J from the webpage with your search terms bolded the uri K of the webpage you will see Supplemental Result only if Google retrieved the result from its supplemental and not its main index the size L of the text portion of the webpage omitted if page is not yet indexed a cached M link to the version of the site stored by Google if it is indexed a similar pages N link for pages related to this result UNCLA551FIEDUIBOR QFFIGIAL I ISE ONLY 49 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOJlj QR Qj j ICIAL I JSE ONLY indented results 0 indicate Google has found more than one result from the same website the most relevant page is listed first a more results from P link if there are more than two results from the same site Google Basic Search http www google com Google assumes as its default that multiple search terms are joined by the AND operator so that a search on the keywords windows explorer will find all the webpages that contain both search terms Furthermore Google will first try to find all the webpages that contain the phrase windows explorer Google will search first for phrases keywords as one long phrase second for webpages containing all the keywords with the greatest adjacency closest together third for webpages containing all the keywords regardless of where they appear on the webpage Google will not return any results if there is no webpage containing all the search terms Try this query to see what I mean kong spektioneer synecdoche There is an exception to this rule Google often returns results when a keyword is not actually on a webpage but is in a link to a website usually as text in a link anchor Matt Cutts one of Google's software engineers who also writes a blog mostly about Google let his readers in on a little bit of Google insider information At Google we use and to mark the beginning and end of queries So scorpio submarine means to do a phrase search for scorpio submarine while scorpio submarine means just to type in those words without the quotes-you leave the brackets out when you actually do the search That's an interesting and useful bit of trivia I have tried various schemes to distinguish queries and ended up using italics not a very elegant solution From now on I will be using brackets to set off queries in UTW Matt Cutt's Blog 11 August 2005 http www mattcutts com blog writing-google-queries 14 November 2006 37 50 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlelAL USE ONL f DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAl blSi - --_ _ _- _ _ _ _53 _ • O JbY _-_• •_58 _- - - - _ _ - - _ --- This is G 0 ' J J l e's c ache of h t tp w w w athen sams net myathen s as retrieved on May 3 200502 17 43 GMT GO D J I e's cache is the snapshot that we to ok of the page as we crawled the web The page may have changed since that ti me Click here for the curren t page without highlighti ng This cached page may reference images which are no longer available Click here for the c ache d text only To link to or bookmark this page use the following uri h t 't p l www go0 9 l c co -l c a J C h q c a c he 3 wrtyP t 4 r q O O J WWlXI • at-h Cf $ azn$ ee My e h cn l u c J n am c l ogin t22 cl i ck h cr ctZ2 h l e n 20t a l ge e Coogle is not a ffiliat ed with the s otbors o f thi s page nor responsible 10' it s conten t search terms have been highlighted li I I i i tI2·gl J These terms only appear in links pointing to this page cli ck I MyAthens Tue s d e v 3 M ay 200 5 T o access yo ur organisatio n' s el ec t ro nic reso urc es log in t o MyAt hen s with ' IOUI' note t hat the pas sword is cas e s ensitive At hens usemaO' ' a nd pa s s word P lea s e Fot go tten y o u r Athens eccou nt detatls Do n t h a v e a n Ath e ns a cc ou n t 'U5em ame P sswonl •• Login Che c k tho Ath e s or ga isat ion list t o co ntact 'i our Athe s a dminis t rator or to find out if your o rgan isation us e s At he ns If you an not a membe r of one ofthe organis at io ns lis te d then you a re not en titl ed to us e Athen s Google limits the number of search terms to 32 keywords It ignores any terms beyond that number However there are ways to force Google to search for more than 32 keywords Google is not case sensitive There does not appear to be anything you can do about this In late 2003 Google introduced automatic word stemming or truncation i e searching for variations of search terms Normally word stemming involves searching for plurals and verb conjugations such as drink drank drunk However Google's word stemming is not consistent and somewhat confusing For example stemming does not work either with single word or phrase searches i e a search on child will not find children Yet a search on child health will find child childhood children and children 's Google will also find some variations of verbs e g a search on drink water will find drinking water Users should still search on all variations of a term including plurals There is a Google hack for disabling word stemming Google automatically clusters search results Multiple hits from the same site are indented and there is usually an option to see more results from a specific site Google permits the use of the OR operator in simple search The OR must be capitalized UNCLASSIFIEDlIl 'OR or FICIAb blSi eNlY 51 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED j OR OJ j ICIAb UGi g JbY Beyond the use of the OR operator in its simple search Google does not support boolean search While Google assumes that multiple keywords are a phrase searchers can delimit phrases using double-quotes For example if I search on the last king of france without double-quotes Google will ignore the the and the of' in its search The results I get include many irrelevant hits such as music from a group called ''The Last King and an article about Lance Armstrong However if I enclose the same query in double-quotes Google will search on exactly the phrase the last king of france and return a result with the name of the last king of France Enclosing searches in double-quotes is much more effective for finding precise results than relying on automatic phrase searching Google no longer routinely ignores stop words outside double quotes Each of these searches will now return different results the last king of france last king france the last king of france Stop words are English words that are so commonplace they are not included in a search unless the searcher forces Google to do so The stop words Google recognizes include a an about and are as at be by com from how I in is it of on or that the this to we what when where which with why There probably are others However Google's handling of stop words is inconsistent For example in the query to be or not to be Google ignores OR because it may be a logical operator and it also appears to ignore TO and BE only searching for NOT Therefore you may need to force Google to search for a stop word on occasion There is a Google hack for forcing Google to search for stop words It is unnecessary to use the plus sign with any terms except stop words because by default Google searches for all keywords However there are many times when searchers need to exclude certain terms that are commonly associated with a keyword but irrelevant to their search That's where the minus sign - comes in Using the minus sign in front of a keyword ensures that Google excludes that term from the search For example the results for the search pearl harbor -movie are very different from the results for pearl harbor Google's handling of words with diacritical marks such as accents or umlauts is inconsistent By default Google will search for terms matching those with and without the diacritic As Google's Vanessa Fox explains When a searcher enters a query that includes a word with accented characters our algorithms consider web pages that contain versions of that word both with and without the accent For 52 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlOIlItL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL USE ot4LY instance if a searcher enters Mexico we'll return results for pages about both Mexico and IMexico 38 For example a search on facade will return pages containing both facade and facade To force Google to search only for the term with the diacritic put a plus sign in front of the term fat ade You may see a few pages that do not appear to have the diacritic but that is probably because that term appears in anchor text or an inbound link that is pointing to the page but not actually on the page in question However Fox goes on to explain that results also vary depending upon whether you are searching at Google com or a Google international site e g Google fr whether your preferred language at Google is English or another language and from where you are coming to the Google site as indicated by your IP address If Google detects that your IP address geolocates to Peru your search results will be different from those provided to someone coming to Google from Norway regardless of the preferred language or the site you search Also users who have registered with Google and set up personalized search will find that their results are affected by their previous searches In other words while there are ways to manipulate the results Google provides there is no way to control them Google treats most punctuation marks the same way as links in a search string For example Google handles a search for c-span c span c span and c span basically the same way However a search for cspan with no space or ' mark is treated differently 38Vanessa Fox How search results may differ based on accented characters and interface languages Official Google Blog 32 August 31 2006 http go oglewebmastercentral blogspot comI2006 08 how -sea rch-results-may-d iffer-based-on html November 27 2006 UNCLASSIFIED I j QR QFFIGIAL USE ONLY 53 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUj QR QFFlSIAL l ISE 8NLY Google will search for several punctuation marks and special characters the ampersand Google will search for barnes noble or barnes noble the underscore _ Google will search for a phrase such as public_records doc or even more specifically public_records html the dollar sign $ used with a number for example $100 the sharp # for example F# the slash but only when used in the search I O While Google will not actually search on a plus sign the search engine does recognize the difference between searches for c c and c Google Advanced Search Google has a number of query modifiers to restrict searches and make them more effective in many cases These query modifiers can be used in simple search in the following syntax or on the advanced web search page using the appropriate menu options The query modifiers Google supports are it r trigt§ uJI§'JQ ii l3jJ § ja gb lgD a 2m§In This syntax no longer requires you to add a keyword Google's site syntax will also search within folders e g site jpl nasa gov technology Remember you can add keywords to the site search site jpl nasa gov technology jpl spacecraft Advanced Web Search Domains Examples of how to use the site command shuttle site www nasa gov finds pages about the space shuttle at the NASA website site info finds all the pages in the Google database in the info top-level domain bUlletin officiel site fr finds pages in the French top-level domain about official bulletins cirrus -site mastercard com finds pages about the keyword cirrus that are not at the Mastercard com site site jpl nasa gov technology 54 UNCLASSIFIEDJfj QR Qj j IGIAb l I8E QNb¥ DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOIIFOR ernetf L ISE OI'4L f site jpl nasa gov technology jpl spacecraft Web Desktop I'sits jpl nase qov techncloqy jpl spacecraft C' r - t I AdvancEld Web p f n Search Results 1 - 3 of 3 from pl nasa qov technotoqy for jp spacecraft Tip Try removing quotes from your search 10 gel more results CASE STUDIES OFTECHNOLOGY INTHE DSN Mariner 10 was the first JPL spacecraft to transmit fult resolution Images in real time from planetary distances to photograph Venus to encounter and 2U h t g- - · deepspacejpl nasa gov technologyI95_20 case hlm· 30k c IPOFI TheEvolution of Technology in the Deep Space Network A History File Format PDF Adobe Acrobat- View as HTML Mariner 10 was the first JPL spacecraft 1 To transmit full-resolution images in real time from planetary distances 2 To photograph Venus deepspace jpl nasa go ftechnologyl95_20195·20 pdr • I rr i rp9'5 Technologv-Images Videos JPL sl acec aft have isited al known planels excepl Plulo a Plulo mission is currenlly under study for the early part of the next decade www2 jpl nasa gov technology images_videos iv_pages P37079 html· 17k ached - SI I I ir r 3ges intitle restricts the results to documents containing the keyword in the title Advanced Web Search Occurrences Examples of how to use the intitle command intitle amazon finds all pages that include the word amazon in their title intitle amazon rain forest finds all pages that include the word amazon in their title and mention the phrase rain forest anywhere in the document title or text or anywhere in the document allintitle restricts the results to documents containing all the keywords in the title of the document Advanced Web Search Occurrences Example of how to use the allintitle command allintitle amazon jungle rain forest finds pages that include all the words in the title not the text of the document e g title Amazon Rain Forest Jungle Tours title inurl restricts the results to documents containing the keyword in the urI Advanced Web Search Occurrences UNCLASSIFIEOflFOR OFFICIAl l ISIi ONLY 55 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED FQR QFFlSIAL I JSE ONLY Examples of how to use the inurl command inurl nasa finds all pages that include nasa anywhere in the uri address inurl nasa -site gov finds all pages that include nasa anywhere in the uri of sites that are not in the gov top-level domain inurl nasa shuttle finds all pages that include nasa anywhere in the uri of the site and shuttle anywhere in the document uri or anywhere else allinurl restricts the results to documents containing all the keywords in the urI Advanced Web Search Occurrences Example of how to use the allinurl command allinurl nasa shuttle finds all pages that include both nasa and shuttle in the uri of the site link restricts the results to documents that have links to a specific webpage Cannot use with keyword search terms 39 Advanced Web Search Page Specific Search Links Example of how to use the link command Iink www noaa gov finds all pages linking to the NOAA homepage Iink www noaa gov wx html finds all pages linking to a specific page at the NOAA site info presents information Google has about a webpage This option is only available via the main Google search Example of how to use the info command info www noaa gov provides links to Google's cache of the page pages that are similar to www noaa gov pages that link to www noaa gov and pages that contain the term www noaa gov 39 The Google link command no longer shows all links as it once did in order to cut down on the amount of webspam created by hidden links on webpages Therefore the Google link command is not nearly as useful as it used to be 56 UNCLASSIFIEDJlFQR QFFlSIAL I JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61 L USE ONLY Go lJg le Web Images Video Desktop lr- in-fo- WWoN- -no-a-a- g-ov-- more Search 1 e · Oh Web NOAA Home Paqe an agency of the US Department of Commerce Conducts environmental research V· Jl ' l noaa gov Google can show you the following information for this URLI • • • • • Show Google's cache of www noaa gov Find web pages that are similar to wwwnoaagov Find web pages that link to www noaagov Find web pages from the site wwwnoaa gov Find web pages that contain the term wwwnoaagov related restricts the results to documents Google has determined are similar to a specific webpage Advanced Web Search Page Specific Search Similar Example of how to use the related command related www nasa gov finds other US government homepages cache presents the version of the webpage Google has stored This option can also be accessed by clicking on the Cached link on the main results page Examples of how to use the cache command cache www noaa gov shows the stored version of the NASA homepage cache www noaa gov hurricane shows the stored version of the NOAA homepage with the keyword hurricane highlighted With no fanfare Google once again began showing the date and time when a webpage was cached This is not a new feature in Google the Google cache option showed date time until mid-2000 when date and time unceremoniously disappeared Now it's back Who knows why Who cares It's a good thing Here's what you'll see UNCLASSIFIEDJJI OR Ol I ICIAb l ISi ONbY 57 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIEOR OIiIBI IAb I l IS O 'bY This is G 0 J I e's cac he of htlp l WI'IW lib virginia edu scienc e guidesl soclim htm as retrieved on Oct 30 2005 03 11 5 1 GMT J I e's cache is the snapshot that we to ok of the page as we crawled the web G0 The page may have changed since that time Click here for the current page without highlighting This cached page may reference images which are no longer available Click here for t he cached te xt only To link t o or bookmark t his page use the following uri ht t p 1 _ _9'0 o g l e com e ju c h ' q c a chc JGBllAKrr oBc UJ WW'XI l ib vi l gin i a cdul l e i c n e e gu i d c J 5- cl itfl ht lIri h l cn Googl e is neither affl lia ted wit h the auth o of this pa ge rror responsibl e forjts content Important there is a Google hack that lets you view the cached text only version without first viewing the cached page containing images and other non-text data that could send information back to the original website Gigablast also offers a stripped cache option filetype Google will search the content of many file types and must be used with keyword s However there is a Google hack that lets you get around the keyword requirement Microsoft filetypes are potentially dangerous to open in their native formats Please follow these instructions for handling Microsoft files on the Internet safely Warning use Google option to v iew as html instead of opening certain file types mainly Microsoft Word and Excel that could contain macro viruses Google will search the content of these file types HTML Corel WordPerfect wp Lotus 1-2-3 wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4 wk5 wki wks wku Lotus WordPro Iwp MacWrite mw Microsoft Excel xis Microsoft PowerPoint ppt Microsoft Word doc Microsoft Works wks wps wdb Microsoft Write wri Portable Document Format pdf Postscript ps Rich Text Format rtf Text ans txt Macromedia Shockwave Flash swf 58 UNCLASSIFIEDItIBQR OFFIOIAt tJs OIR f DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED I OR Qr r I IAb YS mJb¥ Example of a filetype search Language Tools Search Tips Google Sear ch • • • •mIllEII I III · I · · tDoqTechnical D ' ails on l i1icrosoft Product Activation for V findows XP ile Format Micr ft W ord 2000 View as HTML Tec et Bulletin · August 2001 ' Appen dix A This bulletin and Microsoft Product Act ivation for Office XP Famil y Product s ' IIoiW 'microsoft com piracv basirs acnvatinn window prodl lcl actlvat I rJ rr t e c h n i c a l rn a r et b iJ ll e t i n doc · Simi l r pagBs filetype doc bulletin will find MSWord documents containing the keyword bulletin For details on how to use the Google filetype option please refer to the Google Filetype help FAQ Also there are a number of undocumented file type searches available using Google http www google com help faqfiletypes html Google Filetype FAQ Google Special Search Features Spell Checker Google has a very good spell check option When you input a query Google checks to see if you are using the most common spelling of the keyword If not Google nicely asks Did you mean x where x is the most common spelling I really love this because Google doesn't presume Sometimes you are intentionally misspelling a term The classic example is http referrer This computer term is almost always misspelled so searching on http referrer won't yield nearly as many results as searching on the misspelled term Google's dictionary also includes proper names Calculator the Google calculator will evaluate basic and complicated mathematical expressions as well as convert units of measurement and physical constants Soople makes the Google calculator extremely easy to use For detailed help in using the calculator see Google Calculator Help http www gooqle com help calculator html Dictionary Google has integrated dictionary definitions into its search options Nothing could be easier to use Underlined keywords appearing at the top of the results page are linked to Answers com Define new to Google is the define option To use it enter define then a word or phrase This feature augments the dictionary option by searching a wider variety of sources For example the query define blog will return a web definition as the first result The advantage of the define option is that the definition appears at the top of UNCLASSIFIEDllr QR OFFIOIAL tlSE ONL f 59 OOClO 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDNFgR gFFICIAb l J8 Q JbY the Google results list whereas using the dictionary option clicking on define requires the user to click on the link and go to that site to read the definition Web Resu lts 1 - 100 of about 11 600 000 for d efine wit h Silfeseil rc hon 0 68 seconds Web definitions for 610g Sponsored Links Bl og is sh ort for weblog A weblog is a j ournal or newslette r that is frequently updated q and inte nded for general public consumption Bl ogs generally represent t he personalit y of the author or t he W eb site www byt owninternel com glossary - Ddiniticn ir cnte · t Set Up Your BIoI for Free Inst antl y look like a pro creat e blogs that get notic ed read often WfW t ypepad com Translations Currently Google offers webpage translations to from English and Arabic simplified Chinese French German Italian Japanese Korean Portuguese Russian and Spanish If a page appears in the results list in one of the languages Google translation supports you will see Transl ate th is page after the page title All the newest additions to Google's translation list use statistical machine translation software developed by Google and the quality of these translations is far superior to that provided by Systran These languages include at present Arabic simplified Chinese Japanese Korean and Russian Number Search The numbers Google will search for include US Patent numbers syntax is patent 5521308 UPS tracking enter the tracking number with or without spaces 1 Z9999X99999999 USPS tracking enter the tracking number with or without spaces 9999999999999999999999 FedEx tracking enter the tracking number with or without spaces 99999999999999 60 DHL and Airborne Express tracking enter DHL plus the tracking number DHL 9999999999 DHL queries are the least reliable on Google ZIP codes enter a US ZIP code either five or nine digits ISBN enter any International Standard Book Number VIN Information to find information about a vehicle's history search on its 17-character Vehicle Identification Number VIN FAA airplane registration numbers n158ua simply enter the FAA registration number no special syntax is required UNCLASSIFIEDNFgR gFFlCIAL l JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelAL l ISE ONLY - FCC equipment Ids syntax is fcc EJM386S303 Weather The Google weather search is for US locations only Simply enter the keyword weather followed by a city and or state or even just a zip code which works just fine by itself and Google will present you with an attractive succinct weather chart Coogle Web Re5UIW 1· 100Dfabout555 forWeilUrel 94101 4U5 Sl ColHjll Wellther for san FunCIHo CA WE'd 54 F tlf Mostly ClOUdy Thu fit lNmrJ W 1112 mph Hurrlldit 82% 6 3' 149 66' 49 55'1 51' Sat '''I' If 54' 150' US Lotal We l1tlel Sero'1te CUllene weiiilfll r pofts-t rcrecasts for 'Our a lith iQat11t'fH upiI IQS - tn - hJ 1' 9'8 l1ht · '0«' Airport Delays and Weather To see delays and weather conditions at a US airport enter the airport's three-letter code and the word airport For example to see delays and weather conditions at Baltimore-Washington International enter bwi airport At the top of the Google results page you will see the image of an airplane followed by a link to View conditions at Baltimore-Washington International Airport BWI Baltimore Maryland The link takes you directly to the FAA's Air Traffic Control System Command Center's real-time status information page for BWI Phonebook Street Maps and Stock Quotes US residential and business phonebook lookups US addresses and US stock exchange data Please see Google Help for information on using these features Google Help http www google com help features html Google Guides Did you know that Google publishes a variety of reviewer's guides to selected Google products on the Google Press Center designed for journalists who are reviewing these products However the guides are very well done and include a lot of useful set-up and user instructions Google Guides http www google com press guides html Google Services Google has many services hidden behind its spare homepage By selecting more and then even more on the homepage UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR Ol l lelAL tJ8E Ol4L t 61 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED I OR Ol l lCIAb US Q b¥ GrOU S You will see the many products and services Google offers that are not reflected on the googlized homepage Froog Shop for items 10buy online and at local stores t 11 wb Images Search for images on the web SkelchU Create 3D models for Google Earth Local i rndlocal businesses and get directions View maps and gel directions Picasa Find edit and share your photos Talk iMand call your friends through your computer Translate - View web pagesin other languages News· nowwitharchive searcb' Search thousands of news slOries View maps and get directions on your phone Sper ializiOld Searches Search within specific topics Use Google on your mobile phone Toolbtll Add a search box to your browser Use text messaging for quick info Maps for mobile Mobile Video Search 1V programs and videos ' '''' ' •- to_ Go mobile Scholar Search scholarly papers SMS Make your computer work better P acl Web Search Search over billions of web pages A free collection of essential software Web Search Fealures Find movies music slocks books and more Vlfl b Ar r eleralor Speedup Ihe web Search Explore and innovate j F ' Alerts Code Download APls and open source code Blog Search ''ijII Ge1email updates on the topics of your choice Find blogs on your favoritetopics - now with Custom Se Hch Errginei'''lor ' 1 Contlibute your expertise and customize the web search experience m 800k Search Labs Searchthe fulltext of books ExploreGoogle's lechnology playground £ laI09 5 Search and browse mail-order catalogs Communicate show share Checkout J Blogger Share your life online with a blog it's fast easy and free Desktop Calendar Organize your schedule and share events with friends « Docs Spreadsheets C'o'mpiete online purchases more quickly and securely Search and personalize your computer -y Lz ' ' i W Directory Browse the web by topic Earth Explore the world from your PC Finance Business info news and interactive charts Create and share your projects online and access them from anywhere I mai searchable email with less spam s p ' Groups Create mailing lists and discussion groups News Google News headlines are entirely generated using a computer algorithm that scours more than 4500 worldwide news sources Google News also offers international editions for France Germany India Italy Spain and several other countries For details on Google News see the news search engine section below 62 UNCLASSIFIEDIlFQR OFFlel L us ONL f OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDliFOR OFFICIAL ISE ONLY Images Google Images indexes more than a billion images in JPEG GIF and PNG Portable Network Graphics formats The Advanced Image Search lets users limit searches by filetype size of image coloration and site or domain Google Image Search http images google com Book Search To use the book search simply preface any search with the keyword book or books The first three results if there are any matches will come from Google Book Search Groups Google acquired Deja the last remaining Usenet newsgroup search engine in 2001 Even before that Google began its own Usenet archive in August 2000 The complete Usenet archive more than a billion messages dating back to 1995 is searchable via Google Groups In 2004 Google introduced a new version of Google Groups that includes a mailing list and discussion forum creation option to rival Yahoo Groups' similar service Also new is the ability for registered users to keep track of their favorite topics using the star feature By clicking the star next to a favorite topic that topic is added to the user's My starred topics page Postings now appear in minutes in Google Groups rather than the hours it used to take Google Groups still offers both a simple and advanced interface to search the newsgroup postings Both interfaces are extremely easy to use Google Groups not only returns results sorted by relevance or date it also shows you the most relevant groups for your topic So a search on the term oceanography suggests I might want to take a look at the related groups sci geo oceanography and bioneLbiology deepsea Newsgroup searching in general and Google Groups are discussed in greater detail in a later section Google Groups http groups google com Mobile SMS Search This service is different from the SMS text messaging that has been available at AOL Yahoo Live Search etc for some time The new Google SMS permits queries using mobile technology Google's SMS service offers similar services but with different shortcuts It is open to all US subscribers using a major US cell phone provider and also to most UK mobile subscribers The US number is 46645 GOOGL on most phones and for the UK it is 64664 6GOOG on most phones Google explains how to use the SMS search service and offers a number of sample queries at its new SMS webpage Google SMS http www google com sms Patent Search beta New for 2007 Google Patent Search now has its own discrete page Users could always search for US patents by number but Google decided to create a separate page for these searches The new site offers many advanced search options including options to search by patent number title inventor's name assignee's name US and international classifications and issue or filing date range Even more valuable than the search options are the view choices UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL leE m'LY 63 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJ j QR OFFIOIAL US ONLt The new Google patent search has the ability to show you the patent itself complete with zoom page scrolling drawings internal search and other patents that reference the current one Here is the drawing of H K Markey aka the actress Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil's 1941 patent for a secret communication system that used a new concept frequency hopping G i i j ' rH d i ' K i ' i Is p ' t Tm '8 ' ' e e 73 __ __ _79 __ __ __ SECRET COMMUNICATION SYSTEM K lIy I' t i f ey Pag - Al g XI 1942 i1 _- 2 292 387 H K MARKEV ET AL SEc T COmlUJUCA1JON sts'fmt rUed June 10 1941 8 Pat nt summary J ' Patent number 2292387 Filing date Jun 10 1941 'ssue d le Aug 11 1942 More aboul this patent 2 SUat -3boet 1 I 2 15Q7 I I I El P -tent s e crierrs 1 Abstract Description Claims 8 S rch WIthin this patent i S 11e r 1 5 IB' J 7 79 ' ' Y L I I ' _ Google Patent Search IS i '1# 1- 1 t b UI J http www qooqle com patents 810g Search Google Blog Search is a direct competitor with Technorati until now the big dog on the blog search block Despite all the chatter about them blogs are still kind of mysterious and confusing in part because there are lots of things called blogs that don't fit the earlier definition Blogs originally referred to on-line personal journals often updated daily but now everything using RSS or Atom XML formats for distributing newsfeeds seems to be considered a blog Therefore blog search engines generally restrict themselves to indexing and searching for anything that uses a site feed Google Blog Search is no exception The new Google Blog Search FAQ says The goal of Blog Search is to include every blog that publishes a site feed either RSS or Atom emphasis added This means that Google Blog Search defines blog as any site with an XML site feed and that is fine as long as we know what we're getting However Google Blog Search is apparently excluding feeds from news sources to try to prevent overlap between Google News and Blog Search 64 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlGlAL l JSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDltFOR OFFlGho b Sii O I V Keep in mind that Google Blog Search only indexes the site feed not the full content at the website that originated the feed Google 810g Search indexes feeds dating back to January 2000 Also one of the big advantages of the XML format is that it unlike HTML includes date time data which means you can use Google 810g Search to find information from a specific day or a range of dates Google 810g Search will also enable users to search entire blogs or specific posts Some of the Google Search operators work in Google 810g Search and it has its own unique operators too as the About Google 810g Search page explains All of the standard Google Search operators are supported in 810g Search These include link very useful in finding who's linking to whom site intitle Additionally 810g Search supports the following new operators of its own inblogtitle inposttitle inpostauthor blogurl For example a search such as mandolin inpostauthor Graham will show you posts about mandolins written by people named Graham Note that you can also use the Advanced Search option to achieve the same effect In addition you can restrict your results to anyone or any combination of 35 languages using the Advanced Search option Google 810g Search will also give users the option of subscribing to the blogs in the news aggregator of your choice The main drawback of Google 810g Search seems to be that it indexes only the content of feeds and often what is syndicated in a newsfeed is very sparse Technorati wins hands down on this point because it does do full text searching Google may eventually decide it needs to do so as well After all this is a beta version UNCLASSIFIEDJ QR OFFIOIAL tiS O 'L f 65 OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL tJse er LY Google Blog Search http blogsearch google com About Google Blog Search http www google com help aboutblogsearch html Directory Google's web directory uses the Open Directory Project's collection and its own search technology to rank the sites based upon importance which usually means popularity Google Directory lets users limit searches to a specific directory category For example if I search the directory for the keyword afghan Google presents two categories Go l 0 le e nces Directory Help 80 0 91e Search I Directory' Web 'iml r ewsd 7 • • • • • • • • • • • • •j • • • • • • • Regional Asia Afghanistan Recreation Pets Dogs Br88ds Hound Group Afghan Hound Searched withm the category Google Directory for f l M Results 1 100 of about 14 100 000 Search too k 0 45 seconds By selecting the Regional Asia Afghanistan category I have the option to search only in this category thus focusing my search and avoiding irrelevant results The Google Directory contains over 1 5 million uris http directory google com Google Directory Video Search As of the first of the year 2007 Google Video began to include results from YouTube which it purchased in October 2006 For now when users click on the YouTube results they are taken to the YouTube website YouTube videos do not appear on the Google video homepage only in search results where they are recognizable from their address Google Video Search is a way to search and view TV shows including news entertainment and more for free The search includes not only national networks such as ABC CBS NBC and CNN but also local programming and shows from around the world How does this work Google Video indexes the closed captioning of TV shows so that when you search for a keyword it finds that word in the captioning transcripts and displays a list of the shows with that keyword In most cases you can only see still shots of the show but in a few instances you will be able to view the entire broadcast This is a very new Google option and it is sure to expand and improve over time 66 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL tJse ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY One of the best features of Google Video is that you do not need any special software to view the videos only Macromedia Flash Player which is a free browser plug-in that most users already have on their computers Google Video offers users the opportunity to rank video using a system of one to five stars for users to rate videos as well as the ability to add labels tags to describe a video and comments Gqd lg VVeb Images Video rlira-n - - - - - - - Top 100 Cornedv Mesic videos Mm I S '6skTOP 2 Search Sports NfN '1 Upload your videos I «dVi' ' ''' Amrnanon TV shows Gooqle Picks 16 265 views I Download _for Windows Mac oJ i OO' llik k 'Wij i' ij2Yfj@ 'l This is a one hourvideoall about II an Prev - Ne t Vldf o l P'cly'ist - DI I jJs • from user - RelatedC rnmentsN IJ' 1 - Flag as inapprOp l3te J Continuous Playback qt - OFF Onehourvideo about Iran 58 min ' ' VI omen Polk in han 1 rom 80mb h n wlknOV ln 3 min oo 11 f se ' 1 0 ' There are some of the operators that work in Google Video title enter the name of a TV show on one of the stations Google Video indexes with or without keywords For example title nature or title newshour robotics genre enter news comedy music animation with or without a keyword I recommend referring to the complete list of genres on the Advanced Search page type enter sports music_video movie with or without a keyword UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE m LY 67 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJt OR Ot t ICIAL' ISF ONI V duration short « 4 min medium 4-20 min or long 20 min with or without a keyword is free or is forsale determines whether or not the search finds free or for purchase videos language limits the search to videos in a specific language using the same digraphs as main Google search Google Video http video google com Google Scholar In November 2004 Google introduced a new tool called Google Scholar Here's how the Google site describes it Google Scholar enables you to search specifically for scholarly literature including peer-reviewed papers theses books preprints abstracts and technical reports from all broad areas of research Use Google Scholar to find articles from a wide variety of academic publishers professional societies preprint repositories and universities as well as scholarly articles available across the web Moreover Google Scholar automatically analyzes and extracts citations and presents them as separate results even if the documents they refer to are not online This means your search results may include citations of older works and seminal articles that appear only in books or other offline publications Google Scholar not only indexes journal articles dissertations and technical reports it also indexes books which means you can use Google's new Library Search OCLC's WorldCat search to locate the book in a local library or find a place to purchase the book online Although a number of scholarly search sites and tools already exist-e g CiteSeer DOAJ ArXiv and even Google's own partnership with IEEE-the fact that the premier search engine has branched off into scholarly search is obviously significant Google Scholar searches across a far wider range of sources than any other publicly available scholarly search tool currently available Users should be able to read at least an abstract of articles that require registration and access the full text if they or their institution have a subscription for the content The best thing about Google Scholar is that it gives users the range power and flexibility of Google As far as I can tell all the types of Google syntax-site inur filetype etc -work with Google Scholar You can limit your search to file type using either the fi etype or ext syntax e g extpdf fi etype and ext work interchangeably The most useful addition to Google Scholar is probably the new author syntax which by the way already existed in Google Groups search As you can see from this query Google Scholar searches and retrieves scholarly references from many types of sources and also provides a handy Cited by link that shows all the pages referring to the original work 68 UNCLASSIFIEDUFOR OFFlelAL tJS Ol4Li DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY scholar Results 1 14 of14foralithoi candy ··allificialintelligence · O 09seconds BOOK Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach - Library Search· Web Search S Russell P 1 otVrg JF ClIldy Jlv1 Malik DO - ' it '-t 1J' J ji i Er'l1lewood Clis f'JJ Prentice Hall 1995 CITATION Creative design of the Lotus bicycle implications for knowledge support systems research - Web Search L Cindy E Edmonds - U1Q J L I DesiWI Studies 19% Support for collaborative design Aaents and emergence EA Edmonds L C indy R Jones 8 Soufi - £ l § rLL 10 Jones RM and Edmonds EA A framework for negotiation In CSCW and AI1ificiai intelligence J Connolly and EA Edmonds Eds Communications of the ACJvt 1994 - portal acm o g - portal acm orq Issues in the Design of ExpertSv'stems for- Business E Edmonds L C indy P Slatter S Lunn - Jt r L t l INDEX TERMS Primary Classification I Computing Methodologies 1 2ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1 2 1 Applications and Expert Systems Subjects Office automatiorr Exper1 Systems Human Issues - portal acm orq POFl Introduci no creativity to cogniti on L Clmly E Edmonds - r ited b' 3 fortunate to welcome To anyone who has even heard of Anificiallntelligence Marvin Minsky needs no introduction In his forthcoming Proceedings of the thrrc conference an Creati' ty 1999 - portal acrn orq - portaLacrn org Google Scholar also offers an advanced search option It certainly simplifies searching for articles by author articles pUblished in a specific publication and words in the articles' title However as with most date searches forget it I searched for articles about chemistry published in the year 2020 and found three Either Google knows something about the future that we don't or their software is misreading some number as a year The advanced Google Scholar search also let users limit their search by publication This is somewhat misleading because the publication can be a citation article or book although there is no way to tell Google Scholar to distinguish among these choices Also the publication searches are imperfect a search limited to the publication Nature also returns results from Nature Medicine for example During 2006 Google Scholar added a new feature that will make it easier for researchers to keep up with recent research It's not just a plain sort by date but rather we try to rank recent papers the way researchers do by looking at the prominence of the author's and journal's previous papers how many citations it already has when it was written and so on Look for the new link on the upper right for 'Recent articles'-or switch to 'All articles' for the full list 40 Dejan Perkovic Keeping up with recent research Google Blogspot 20 April 2006 http gooqleblog blogspot com 2006 04 keeping-up-with-recent-research html 31 October 2006 40 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlOI 8 L l JSE ONLY 69 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlOIJ8tL l JSE OP4L'f Also new for 2006 was a related search option For every Google Scholar search result we try to automatically determine which articles in our repository are most closely related to it You can see a list of these articles by clicking the 'Related Articles' link that appears next to each result The list of related articles is ranked primarily by how similar these articles are to the original result but also takes into account the relevance of each paper ' ' Peter Jacs6 has called Google Scholar's quality into question in his excellent and thorough analysis of Google Scholar's citation ability Jacs6 Professor of Library and Information Science University of Hawaii concluded that Google Scholar GS does a really horrible job matching cited and citing references 42 There are numerous other scholarly citation search options CiteSeer lSI Highly Cited and Scirus that for now at least are superior to Google Scholar However I would not count Google Scholar out in the long run Google Scholar is yet another example of what are called vertical search engines that is search services that focus on indexing and searching specialized data sources Vertical search has fundamentally replaced the portal concept as a more targeted less manpower-intensive and more cost effective means of getting the right information to the right people at the right time Google Scholar http scholar google com Advanced Google Scholar Search http scholar google com advanced scholar search Google Trends Google unveiled Google Trends in May 2006 and set a lot of people thinking about its potential utility Google Trends is a new technology that lets users see how many searches have been performed on one to five terms and where those searches originate Google Trends analyzes a portion of Google web searches to compute how many searches have been done for the terms you enter relative to the total number of searches done on Google over time We then show you a graph with the results-our search-volume graph-plotted on a linear scale 41 Luiz Barroso Distinguished Engineer Exploring the scholarly neighborhood Google Blogspot 22 August 2006 http googleblog blogspot com 2006 08 exploring-scholarly-neighborhood html 10 October 2006 Peter Jacs6 Google Scholar and The Scientist Peter Jacs6's Review Extras October 2005 http www2 hawaii edu -jacso extra gs 31 October 2006 42 70 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFIOIAL l JSE Ot LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl6I lcL I ISE ONLY Located just beneath our search-volume graph is our news-reference-volume graph This graph shows you the number of times your topic appeared in Google News stories When Google Trends detects a spike in the volume of news stories for a particular term it labels the graph and displays the headline of an automatically selected Google News story written near the time of that spike Currently only English-language headlines are displayed but we hope to support non-English headlines in the future Below the search and news volume graphs Google Trends displays the top cities regions and languages for the first term you entered 43 There are some very important limitations to Google Trends however First of all the feedback provided by Google Trends is based on a portion of Google's searches not all of them Google Trends seeks to provide insights into broad search patterns not detailed and verifiable data about searches Second as a Google Labs product it is still in the early stages of development meaning it is prone to error because several approximations are used when computing your results but Google does not say what these are Here's a look at Google Trends' results for the query comparing search terms north korea dprk for all regions and all years Note that in Google Trends you can compare terms by using a comma to separate them Gooak- I' northkor cdprk rl nd-sO t· f -C Cs lids'jl TIp You c-ancompare searcnes by senaratinq wjth commas Trend history C ' ''' lilj 'r Hn l 'A' DPRK confirms train explosion Xmhua- Apr 24 2004 l J OPRK 10suspend participation in six·party talks for indefinite period People's Daily Onjne - Feb 102005 l£ 200i US has good discussions with DPRK says Hill Xinhua- Sep 162005 @j US not to altack or invadeDPRK J - • I PeacI JoUrtl3lisrrt com- Sep 192005 JL China OPRK mark 45th anniversaryGffriendshiplreatv Xmhua Jul 10 2006 liJ UN Security Council unanimously adopts resolution on DPRK missile launches P opll ' lail ' Online - Jul 162006 Top cities tr r V3 r t Jd 1 Seoul Bouth Korea 2 Washington DC USA 3 Seattle WA USA 4 Austin TX USA 5 Now York NY USA fiiiili l ' ' ' F ' About Google Trends Google Trends 2006 http www google com intl en trends about html 31 October 2006 43 44 Google Trends UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFle tL tJ5E Ol4L i 71 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlell8lL USE ONLY Despite all its limitations I am intrigued by the potential this tool offers For example if I were looking back over the past couple of years for a very obscure term I would definitely use Google Trends to see if I could discern anything useful from this data Google Trends http www qooqle com trends Google Guides Did you know that Google publishes a variety of reviewer's guides to selected Google products on the Google Press Center designed for journalists who are reviewing these products However the guides are very well done and include a lot of useful set-up and user instructions Google Guides http www qooqle com press quides html 'iriWeb Tip Everything isn't on the Internet or it's not free ' Contrary to popular opinion everything is not on the Internet In fact much of the kind of information you are used to working with is not and never will be on the Internet Unrealistic expectations about the kinds of information you may find on the Internet can lead to frustration and wasted time and effort A general rule of thumb the more sensitive rare or expensive the information the less likely it is to be on the Internet Also much valuable data on the Internet requires payment 72 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL tJSE ONL t DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l ISE QNb¥ Google Hacks Google hacks-a term usually associated with the book of the same name published by O'Reilly Publishing-are tips tricks techniques and scripts that make Google more powerful and useful Some are extraordinarily simple such as being conscious of word order while others are either so complicated scraping the code or trivial Googlisms that I doubt many of you will ever need them Because there is so much interest in Google hacks I thought I would catalog links to the best sites on the web for finding more information about Google hacks as well as bring the best Google hack techniques together in one place First a word about Google APls which are used to create many Google hacks API stands for Application Programming Interface Google offers its own free APls developers' kit which provides documentation and example code for using the Gooqle Web APls service 45 That's fine if you are in a situation that permits downloading installing and running code from the web but that is not always an option However many Google hacks either do not require an API key or if they do are available thanks to the kindness of strangers on websites Best Google Hack Websites The Official but not the best Go091e hacks from O'Reilly Taken directly from the book of the same name by Tara Calishain and Rael Dornfest the complete list of 100 hacks is here but only a few have details about how to use them Google Hacks http hacks oreilly com pub ht 2 Researchbuzz com 80091e Hacks Archive Much better source of Gooqle hacks from Tara Calishain's website Google hacks are listed by date and you can search the site Researchbuzz http www researchbuzz or9 archives 9009Ie hacks shtml Go091e API FAQs Everything you need to know about Gooqle's API service Remember this process involves registration downloading software and other interaction with Gooqle so it's not for everyone Gooqle API FAQS http www google com apis apLfaq html As of December 5 2006 we are no longer issuing new API keys for the SOAP Search API Developers with existing SOAP Search API keys will not be affected Google SOAP Search API http code google com apis soapsearch 20 February 2007 45 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 73 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE Q LY Staggernation Three Google APls API Proximity Search GAPS uses the Google API to search Google for two search terms that appear within a certain distance from each other on a page It does this by using a seldom-discussed Google feature within a quoted phrase can be used as a wildcard meaning 'any word ' This is a very useful tool it gives users the option of searching for two terms within one two or three words of each other in any order or a specific order http www staggernation com cgi-bin gaps cgi I 1 @@ ®@@ na t i On c o d e writing noted texts latest about SECOND JOCKEY III A ONE-HORSE TlItflI I Google API Proxi m ity Search GAPS Read Me Find I In L thatorder J within Ugj w Old s Q fL i£ J L b ' itl E m _ migJ Show Ljl II EJ results with up to License key optional I _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ mmm Irs 1 Additional terms L mm _ ___ ___ mmmm mm L Q iRl from each query __ 1 mmmmmm C Filter each query 11 you have y our own Google API license ke y we would appreciate your enteri ng it here II will be used only fer th e searches y ou do with this script and it will not be stored anywhere or used in any otl'ler way - API Web Search By Host GAWSH uses the Google API to search Google for a query string and returns a list of the web hosts found in the set of results You can then expand any of these hosts and display only the results from that host Clicking on the triangle to the left of a host will perform the same query again but restricted to that host using Google's site www foo com query syntax and expand the listing to display the first 10 results I have to admit I find this particular script more confusing than useful I prefer to use Google's site syntax but others may find this API to their liking http www staggernation com gawsh API Relation Browsing Outliner GARBO uses the Gooqle API to search Google for pages that are either related to using the related keyword or linked to using the link keyword that URL Does not add a great deal to what Google can do already beyond offering the option to view the results as snippets or uris http www staggernation com garbo Google Rankings This site contains a number of different options created as search engine optimization tools for website creators and maintainers However some of these Google tools are what you might call dual use technologies 74 UNCLASSIFIEDJJFOR OFFlelAL l ISE e'4L' DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFQR OFFIOIAL tJ3E OI L f Keyword Density Probably not something everyone needs everyday but a pretty neat tool It lets you enter a uri then see which are the words and phrases that address uses most in the form of a detailed report on their numbers and density Although it was designed- as a search engine optimization tool I can see its utility as a rudimentary traffic analysis tool Google Rankings http www googlerankings com kdindex php GCXXsI t 'RAo'q j 5 lIeywo'd O il'j E lter'h domainor URk of gQi lI 'o 'lebsil€' 1 see which are IhI ' wprds anc phrases l1 uses mOil see s defciled i P9rt 'Orttheir r mbers and denslly URL ll 'Our ebsite http lri Ignore I' Drds od characters inlength orless Include the fonowlng F Include PageTlde PC Include Meta tagKey'tlClrds P ln de ME-ta tag DE-Suiption I MinimlJ1n occurrences 2 Word Filters F Useourdetault SlOG' wordlist Co Ignore thefollowi rtg wordfist Inchldl1 Orl y thefollen- ing wordlist Sepmate words IN a soaca orpm one word p llins Mass Keyword Search This tool lets you enter from two to ten keywords and a uri to see where if anywhere the site ranks in Google vis-a-vis those keywords The tool only searches up to the top 1000 Google sites This could be useful to see if an unusual term is found at a specific site http www googlerankings com mkindex php Mass Domain Search With this tool you can enter up to 10 different uris domains for the same keyword and check the position of the websites in Google up to the top 1000 sites This could be useful to see where an unusual term ranks in a number of different sites at once http www googlerankings com mdindex php FindForward If you love Google you will probably find Philipp t enssen's creation very useful Lenssen has done Google one better by creating a simple way to power search Google with the help of the Google Web APls All users have to do is to enter UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFIOIAL tJ5E ONLY 75 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED 'OR OFFISIAL USE ONLY a query FindForward supports all basic and advanced Google search options and syntax and select the type of search desired from the pulldown list As you can see from the list below there are many possible types of searches available Try the Search Grid option in which you can enter up to five keywords to create a grid showing inter-relationships of the terms Try iran korea nuclear terror for example Then there is the potentially dangerous Just Files option for searching website directories that were probably not meant to be browsed Find Forward http www findforward com -FIND- FORWARD 1'yy'i I 9 '3 'yygr 9 L J The uber engine About Image Direct Amazon Chat Search Search Grid Tags Get Questions Global Just Files Meta Search Backlinks Directory Old Pages iLUC irst Fagan Finder's Google Ultimate Interface A useful and friendly Google interface that allows users to maximize Google power without learning the syntax that it deserves to be on this list http www faganfinder com google html for Internet Explorer http www faganfinder com google2 html for Mozilla browsers Soople A Google interface that makes Google's advanced features so easy to use it's amazing The main page offers lots of query boxes that enable users to run complex Google queries without knowing anything about Google But I think the best Soople tool is the calculator page Did you know Google has a very powerful calculator function as a basic part of the search engine Most people don't and even if they did they wouldn't use it because it is not what I would call intuitive Therefore the Soople calculator interface to the Google calculator is a godsend for the mathematically impaired such as yours truly 76 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDilFOR OFFIGIAL b1SE AliOUt SO¢PLE II ---- L--I SEARCH OO lE Matn Page O L¥ -Calculatcr- i Smart calculator plmn I 5J i I QeICtllale Ttp Convert many measures units Like' 1 5 y3' I in meters ' r -3 lenlernumber CeJCfJlate I '0 1 I percent of lenteral1umber CaJcul8tel I I # root of elCpl ' n _ J IChaos' rOC1 J len1er e number _ I 1 I 1 _ 6 ' Find the remainder after division plain ' D vide lenter a lumber 0 1' lentere number l'tv I Calculate the fJereentdge or pI n - I ' ' Triqanometric functions e plditl Pv- ISinus Ilenl€ e umber Calculatel J I enlerollumber 1 I Superfllter Quick unit converter explain 1 ·Jurnber Choose unit m I-Ch-o-o-se-u-n-it - J Convert ° ' 10 8 Add subtrect divide 8 fllultiolv e pl in ' enterrwmber Phone Location Translate Calcula1el I ClltlCtlleJAel I Nob numb ar HCimed 1 0 b di M r i h ''''S1 t'llIe ' degree s afte the n mber In loQarithm base e xpl jn • len er a number Calculele Fmd the remamd r I - a 'lJ InC logarithm base 10 pl n IsnteHHlumber Choos e determine the number of ways of ehoosmg explain lentera number ChOOSE IEmter a number Calculate Soople Calculator I http www soople com index php sub calculator Compare Google Results From Different Countries This is a valuable and much needed new tool This site lets you run one query simultaneously against two different Google locations What is more it also lets you choose between two different Google datacenters For example if you select www google com as a datacenter the query could go to a number of different access points It is probably better to pick a specific Google datacenter The site also lists many but not all local Google domains If you select a local domain the search and results' language will default to that country's language However if you specify a local Google domain the tool may use any existing datacenter It is not really as hard to use this tool as I've made it sound You can easily play around with this tool and see what works for you Here's an example of a search for a Spanish term in the US using the generic www google com and the local Google and datacenter for Spain The results are quite different UNCLASSIFIEDIlj QR Qj j ICIAb Uil Q b¥ 77 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY Google Geotargeted World-Wide Search across Datacenters and Countries QC 'Y· t cc ancn lel· n U-n- -a 8-to t- -s- 1 - r I - Pat II F nter 1 - I l WW Jf o-gle com n GOl»gle r '' ' A Seer Goo Ie 1 '· '8 'l' 19 s g r Cerw E panY' Web E G UR§ a lOla10 I L S1CU 1 ·'1 t 'nr· en calalii r Web ReS l al st· 20 d·aplo'imadam m 30 500 0Illl per a alv uOl to 195 9 alnrN ·' 1 n'i 'U ' 'Jfli' 1- ' rt· - rrl4T1 - r tt o l ' 'i ln- l rn fr r i'I· J • n c- J ' j ' l2 lcr fxncm ooW a-al'Jarl I OIT H'J-n - I ' lIb I H Atvlll@l Pnmera empresa esp-3l1iJJa en ' n13 cr tmemet dE- c az pesc a golf nsunc s lE l1acjon buceo '1 esqu Todos los producto s d IT' Jor precic 1 'S' i · ' '-I' r t l' ruNf f Sttbt ' 2 ' j oj t-' 'F 'ij'J ' i i tW-l t ' s o rtf1j l ii'I nf Hoyl lj i '1 1ri sl and l'j f 1 ' ' 'l ' i 1r' ' J ' f' c s J ' 2k j- ' L l T iolI i I t VP - d' ' I' YJ' ' _ __ 1 Hl f h J· V · t · c 1'2 SU P-J J h' Ci l· ' ' · v · i-j' dr t yr ' i ht 'pl' j i NiJ'1 1 '3 c -I 4 903 ' v ''' i V l'i ' 'j '- ' ' I I_lip 'lll - i J l-i h H€-i 1U' lAAAlli - fe U'1 ' - I e o-oe o 1ht-t' d's prtIT'ttrtffl' S 'OM'I MJ 1M lI I1 i 1' m AJ ll f 1 1 Fal otill's ' - N 11lJ1 « t ' · I ' l ' 1 ' 1' A h m ' xiy O' 11 ' ' ' i '' ' 'i f -c ' l J'hp Pl g 'i ' r - t rwrj rt 1 H r '1'A 1fl 'c lf1 -' AtVilU 1 lU qYM'U IM ll 'h ot i h li r-1ft'itt1i '- fI q'orit -'Ad 'Jttl ' b lH rh M ''' h 'Al l of n hl l1 fAlY' r' 1l ' v q'n _ _ '3 J n - - t 'It -rr 'Ik- 1 ¢'f Jl' l 'ft ' 'I l-' li Afl l tU l • ' -'f k 'iMi a r r rq'd p dM M s a1 1'-' oIt It lmi 3 Jl1ln if d« pa I Mvvu 1 r il'1 hi •• 'J f t n r1 a Lt tor t• £oIur Inlj Alvarez GUiWI1 A cQ'Jshc and eleclric gUl 3 '5 Bclrljo'S andmasraelms ' N llhl HP ' i f '1' ' _ - - _ _ U - e d t- U bAs ' h-' 'C' erern 1'JI tAt Q » otl i ttl OO l l 1 g '1r 'o rf lFTlt4p ' ' r t ' ' qv ol1 r4 to 3 O'l' 81·orr · t' ' f r Pld H - l rt r '1 Qt4't b·t 14' N ee I m O·35 J 110- ' 1 - 01'1 l ' ' ' ' l' S' IlJnAhrMN·9 QlIOO'1Y L q i j 'I' lJy 't 1 '' ' il jlT' II t FI il101iv t' ' 3il 1 ' lr n 1911 1 MIl EU LVAFW7 COM' UARiO' t 1ihermano Prt ngo en 01 tele uio de f 'E1 A'pl rrnherrneno A1 Qn·oVelel FL PfTlNGO en elleled' o de 1 leVlsion espariota I I '''''r WlI-Mt ttl R Utioo At wot l ¢ Mn 1 i '- i'l1 t tlt 'I ' t 1J L l' ' l 'I e'· lt •• · t -c Yi' y- r 3o lh'J -e tom dl'1 1 I i' - t' j - r t Using Google to search for terms using non-Latin character and or diacritical marks remains problematic I recommend that you put a plus sign in front of any nonEnglish term when using this tool While the Google geographic comparison tool is imperfect it is a useful and interesting way to see how Google handles queries differently depending upon geographic region Compare Google results for different geographic locations http oy-oy eu google world Simply Google On one page you can see and use pretty much every Google search find most Google sites link to all the Google blogs and even locate some other search blogs and sites This really is a useful site Notice the live bookmarks for all the blogs Google search syntax works fine here it's just an interface to the real thing 78 UNCLASSIFIEDH OR OFFlelAL US OlqLt DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDf lie eFFlell8rL Google Sites Google Searches web Gooale Anall'tics Goool AeCCHJnts m l- Gocgle ALert Groups ' Qcqle lai Pemoali5' Q t1Qffie Gcegle Suggest Gcocle Sets ooole r'loon tcgl e 1'1 ill' ££ q gJl1 Google Curr§ryt TV Mgle Zeitgeist Google Fun ' nt$l'I I -ca ll- 610Qs bO'Jks Ir---Feeds I MUSiC 1--Dlrectory I B lse finance j i - - - - - - - - P nswers Talk lo J bdl 1J1d'to P'l et Ekw Pa 1-- rvL 'lCs 1 Ceteloos 'vGC _ i Desktop E orth I Google Blogs Official Google Blog SeaJch Sealch S eh I r- History I Bookmarks 11-- - - - - - Unuxl eJ2Qle i-I- - - - - - l 1Jcrosoft I Movies r-ro-O· 7ie-$- - - - - AO'lwrds APi l bloQQer Bu Sealch Google Bll t Search Search SeaJch GQte Code S Ilch GQoQle Enterprise Gooqle M ops API Google Reader Se41ch C 0q dP e£JJjiJrtJ i 5ll2l 1--- Sealch Search iidec I GOGgle Gulp Downloads I f-Jewsj--froOIJle I 1l£2Dh Mccpbase Google '' 0001 Romance l JSE m bY fiiQQgl§ L' 1 I lUI SeaJch Se Jfch Inside Ad'Sense Inside AOWNds Sw h inside Desktop Seatch Search Secuch SeaJch SeaJch tt1 id S th j'N tlITFlP Other Blo Goode E logoscoped search Engine Watch IMide Gl c g e Se rch M§N $UfGO SeaTCh UOOO Se n h Search John BatteHe' Searchcllog Se Jfch Se Jfcn Deflrutlons Ideflne Wfather Iw-eat- h-el- Seatch bbc co ok Isitebbc couk Search The A nswer i-Ilh-e-an-sw-e-r1-0'-ife l-ffl-un-'-ver-s Search One thing that I found really interesting behind the concept of this page is that it has been de-googlized What does that mean Well googlizing a home page means stripping it down basically to one thing in Google's case that one thing is search The critics of googlization point out that while that worked great for Google it rarely works most of the time for the simple reason that most websites are trying to do something more than just one thing In fact the experience of using Google is not the exrerience of using any other site People go to Google to search the entire web People go to other sites for other reasons and to do other things sometimes many other things Furthermore Google is not simple It just hides its complexity behind that plain homepage Simply Go091e http www usabilityviews com simplygoogle htm 46 Jared Spool Home Page Googlization User Interface Engineering Brainsparks com April 6 2006 http www uie com brainsparks 2006 04 05 home-page-googlization 30 October 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFIeiAL tJS ONLY 79 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE OPKY Google Related Image Search The ever-creative Philipp Lenssen has developed a new tool that looks for related images It is a small PHP5 script that is first screenscraping Google Sets and then it's screenscraping Google Images once per term found in the set which is why this takes some seconds http blog outercourt com forum 68971 html I have to say it is mostly a novelty at this point but the results are interesting and could potentially be useful Here are the results for the query solar system milky way Find Rel a t ed XUiages ' • 'i Mo Ca s n lo lo l ' ill j' i _- i f 'lhl d t i ' til - ttr'JlU j j n· · · - 'v II I A ' nJblu h l ' Y Notice that you can search for up to two terms separated by a comma That means that you can search for solar system milky way but a search for three single terms e g mercury pluto mars may return strange results at this time In any event this is an interesting and unique tool so if you need to search for related images this is the place to start Google Find Related Images 80 http blog outer-court com related UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIiPOft oPPlel t tJSI 014L'y' The Best Individual Google Hacks While not the only useful and interesting Google hacks these are among the most valuable and less well-known techniques every serious searcher needs to know How Google Parses Queries Google is sensitive to the number and order of query terms If you enter the query windows explorer without quotation marks Google will first try to find all the webpages that contain the phrase windows explorer Google will search First for keywords as one long phrase Second for webpages containing all the keywords with the greatest adjacency closest together Third for webpages containing all the keywords regardless of where they appear on the webpage Word Order Matters Google gives more weight to the first term in a query so put the most important search term s first Try these two queries and you'll see how different the results are new york city vs city york new Repetition Repetition Repetition If you keep getting irrelevant hits you can try repeating a keyword that will be emphasized by Google such as Uava coffee coffee coffee which cuts down considerably on the number of results about the programming language Boilerplate Words or Phrases Yield Gold Used in combination with keywords standardized words or phrases can produce very useful results from Google Whether it's company proprietary not for distribution or a copyright disclaimer these are the kinds of identifying query terms that searchers need to look for Tara Calishain sites the example of using copyright the new york times company plus keywords to locate not only articles at The New York Times website but those reprinted elsewhere Disabling Word Stemming The problem with Google's word stemming is that Google does not give users the option to turn it off which can frustrate users trying to perform precise searches However if you put a plus sign in front of a term this will disable word stemming Searching on Stop Words There are two ways to force Google to search on stop words such as the a an I The first is to include stop words in phrases enclosed by doubte-quotes e g to be or not to be The second way to force Google to search for stop words is to put a plus sign in front of them e g who what when UNCLASSIFIEDtlFOR OFFlOIJlllL l JSE aNL 81 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED ' gRg ICI A1 USE OblLY Google Wildcard Google has tinkered with its wildcard and it is more useful but still woefully inadequate The Google wildcard can only be used to replace a term or terms in a query It cannot be used to truncate search terms e g child to find children childhood etc and it cannot be used to find alternate spellings of terms e g kazak stan That being said the Google wildcard is not useless The wildcard search is very good at helping you do fill in the blank searches and it works great not only in English but in other languages as well Here are a few examples of fill in the blank searches using the wildcard there is no need to capitalize because Google ignores uppercase Gougle RIM' · 2nd A nnu ' 1 Res ct r Si r OQSII1IT1 VERV·cW t3ENERAL INFCRM I1'101 Ballll e Is II c Chann Cily of M yl a hilo »londtr g l h b l a1intj in the- t- Il of dO l1t ' lt B lliln6t '1lnn H bOr ••• c l I r - ' ' -li nlr h · l '·Y hfml t · ' _ ' -' oni en c YOlJ 1 h Mari and Mortoaoe SpeCia 15tS OJTo · al Est ' balam' re lh e city of B I lIIolo is I 1'''' IeS cl1y IIIall of M lIy1 lI' 6 ijimQ oo oflhe loadino citios in 3do nd cammercein li aryi r d as'Nell ' ' m i ll Jl jr i l J I 1 k di t 011 I _ ' j dJ rt I ' i 2 J • _ L Trc'i81 - Ce m IB pnce r 18·Ns andbuyat Ne J 8 0 · Pr C8 - Rew w C m p ShOPping fOl Produr ls MO 9a9 s r ·· I ' e AOle oJi C' eqonos Maga ines Tl - ••_ •• _ A 1 0 ''l li e Baby Books h - ' ' J corn·I I Y'c 13 J · 3 eb · o E n __L 2 i L M i lv'and fa a Jc n R ' II iS I Ho c a llfmore is by fal Ihe most e xciting crt ' 01 M uVI lnd r p ra d £' 5- 1 O i l t anti R ' ens COl spon·f c e t rt ainm nl anti i ere is n cu h t 1 ll h 15 •• c- - - 11 ' ' 1-' ' - ml - __ _'_ ' I '1'- c WD MOilQsg · HOM l 'Jan · MD PMI Est· - B3 mN Ihe clly 01 B lIimol i lh larges c1l 1 in all of M lIy' d B hln the lertQlng I V m uade and t t mmer- e in Ma yland as ell ' 'I ' 'r '· m Q ft - •- 'P i- ·r · ' • m fCI f' 1 1 I it Eo Jl h_i n r' f' Gk ' J- '_ _ ' ' ' j _ Web Coogle fl•e You can use more than one wildcard in a search and the wildcard will find more than one missing tenn m aClt j 3 ' JJp· C'prer idp''l e do Bff' Sil Si 3Nu h i ' ff - Web - '- - - 'Ies ults 1 · 100 of aboul l l1 for · ' y y • - e esidente _ _ - - _ • y- _ do O ii· 0 211 se 'l'ld USElr ralkP3U I' ·t r · -' i1 me' la ommor e • · L ' ' 1' I llli d 1 otlol lll do B Ki1 W d ' c 10$jj 9 do Se 91 1 9 GO 90 e 0 et do lug u om lf H l nl11rtI I I ' l- 1 J l 2 ' jQ ' r Plesideuwe do B mas de IcC'C '155 r· t I i m os l ••• rj ' I 'J · ' t ' I tI_ty I P tt lJ t·1 n r ' 0 Ir l o Utld e e ' nCQn rdr m fdhd G J ' ' £ j _ qUI eltl · 0 · ' ' l n' l ' Llr •• ' ' '1 t il - • • se 1n r rf£ '5 t q ' del i de ia €f 1 1 fIlnl o L 'lGf S - Est la C ln br - _ I OEu 3 sjuda a r m q'Je' ajudar a mardo Lopes LDla plMidenleLULA e I Blasil E' 1 n I ' I pel PQ f 1 ' q'J mlJdan as -r' ' ' 1 1 i 1 Nil j r · p o a - · 'l ll l ilr e'- - t · - ' - r n i - 82 TIle wildcard can be used at the beginning of a phrase I nal' 50 de bri slle-Iro$ que clJ m -a'J vctsrsm nel e 0 prt id nle -' '1 · ' of t l • UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFISIAL lSi QNb¥ Coogle Web Results 1 - $5 of bout 250IOf ElllS ein atlo e • - O O e O'lds vab rcu s elubhu11anls alaone l ·lesseaes j C of 2368· ' • • • F mcpf' Albert ElnMelrt u ld ell 111m A fM a'o 1 erl Mafch 1A 1679 de pt dr hum nisu Oil r Send Ern il May8 1000 _ li- grf r IIF Jrcc r r ' J'Ou H klr rnnI1nl- t Jl lfin li-rfti 8r Jl- iiI' • l r ' -' n I F I r1j li §J§LJ JLseL §J 1lS Yl 1 ilLl d g Le § ' I Eln 1 1 nacie en Uhn Alem ni on 1879 y mi9ro a ESI do8 Unt % ft' 1933 dondo fJIHie·lldo r P inccnloll NUl ' 3 JH3 g l on t955 ' 1 ' ' oJ h' It ' f liJlIU · I ' 4 ' 45 _'_- l l ' ' i '2 ' -l' dqL F' r'1' Jl l tl j « 1 I TIle wildcard can be used at the end of a phrase 'Ei ISICO i l -m rp - tm-el1l ano AU iQrt Ein @in nad em AI nMl il l t4 de ITi nw de ' 379 J rrt r c i2'rl Pnnceroe NJ ei 18 de abw d 1955 contnbuyc m • • • ' iJ' ' ' '' '_' ll n '- 'tll - · i 1 _ - -L l 2'd· i ' ' Stripping the Cached Copy while Google offers the option to view the cached text version of a webpage from the full cached page there is a Google hack that lets you view the cached text version only without having to open the cached page that contains images or other non-text data that might be sent back to the original website or that might redirect you to another page simply by adding strip 1 onto the end of the uri the cached page as follows 1 Right-click on the Cached link in red below and select Copy link location in Mozilla or Copy Shortcut in Internet Explorer 2 Paste that location urI into your browser's address bar do not hit return yet 3 Add strip 1 to the end of the uri and hit return Go gle Web Idprk Web Results 1 100 of abouI1 120 OOO for dprk wilh Safesearch on 0 21 seconds OffiCial Homepage - Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea DPRK Official Homepage oflhe Democratic Peoples Repuhlic of Korea DPRK North Korea Wv w korea-dpr com - 10k - d m li' l I'_ '-g - _ __ _ __ _ _ Ofticial Homepage Democl Open Link inNew l l1indow I F f Formn - souv osCom Open Link in New leb More resul1s from www korg Bookmark This Jnk Save Link Ta getAs DPRK· Democratic PeoPle' opv link location Links to news and information abo Kim II Sung and Kim Jong II j Bookmark This Page Save Page s V NoN kimsott comidl k htm -12k Select 11 Tile DPRK roperties The DPRK side expressed i Swnn5eXfencfltS-jjf6falofiOm on missile tests beyond 2003 in the spirit _ Chairman of the National Defense Commission DPRK '-'' 'WJ kirnsoftcomI2001 dl' k-JP h1m ·· 91 C _ i - IJ _f _q -2 UNCLASSIFIEDNFeR QFFISIAb Iii Q IL ¥ 83 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61AL USE m LY This will show the cached version of the page that contains only text ' _I I __ I r I ' _ ' _ _ _ _ __ This is G 0 'I 9 I e's tsxt-only cache of hllp flwww korea·dpr com as retrieved on Oct 25 20 05 04 54 39 GMT - 'I I e's cache is the snapshot thaI we took of the age as we crawled the web i'i Y may have changed since that time Click the current page without highlighting Ci d here for the full o a c h d page with images inc To nk t IJI J k m rh this page use the following ur http I _ 9o o9'le e o e r c h q c J ch e OT- J_ rD 'YbollwJ • _ __ _ - - - 1- d p r coJrl dprk lhl enJ tr i p 1 Googk-is nn 1hn q iliaM _ '_ ' _ ' - ' - - - - n r r I have been highlighted Ii 'r j Getting around the 32-word limit For years Google had a 10-word limit for search queries meaning that anything more than that and Google would drop those terms from your query However Google expanded the number of terms searched to a 32word limit While the casual Google searcher will probably never notice the difference professional researchers certainly will There are many times when researchers need to search for long phrases error codes for example exclude large numbers of terms to avoid unwanted results run complex Google API searches run queries of multiple sites etc and that darned 10-word interfered with the search While there are a number of work-arounds all were unsatisfactory Allowing more search terms is a big improvement but I am sorry to report that the new 32-word limit only applies at present to main Google search Google Images Froogle and the Google Web API while the 10-word limit is still in effect for Google Groups and Google News This is especially disappointing vis-a-vis Google Groups because it has long been one of the best sources of information about complicated computer error codes and other computer arcana Perhaps the folks at Google will see fit to expand the 32-word limit to include Google Groups You can however still use the wildcard to trick Google Groups into searc hing more than 10 keywords Google will riot count wildcards as search terms so inserting a wildcard into a phrase will let you search for more than 10 terms I have found this most useful when searching for a long phrase such as a computer error message which may frequently run well over 10 words By simply removing the little words such as an you can easily search for the entire error message Here's an example of an error message containing more than 10 terms Windows Socket Error An Invalid Argument was supplied 10022 on API 'connect' 84 UNCLASSIFIEDHFeR OFFl61J cL tJS Ol'4Lt OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJFOR OFFICIAL SE ot4L¥ It can be written using wildcards to run the complete message as a Google Groups query Windows Socket Error Invalid Argument supplied 10022 API 'connect Undocumented Google Filetype Searches Google can search for many more file types than those documented on the Google FAQ page Here are some-but not all-of the file types users can search for using filetype plus keyword or another special syntax e g site try filetype cgi bin or filetype js inurl login j 'I 'I - I I Un pc me nted bak Filetype system Searches backup file back system backupfile bat system batch file bin system binary file gz UNIX zip binary hlp text help files ico graphic icon ini system initialization file js script Javascript log text log files php script HTML pis script PERL script sql language database tmp system Windows temporary file uu script encoding vbs script Microsoft's Visual Basic Script UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLy 85 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFSK SFFlelAL tJSE OI JL f Google Hack Create Your Own Google Video RSS Feed Users can easily create their own personal RSS feed of Google videos using a simple Google hack Let's say you want a feed of Google videos about Iraq Here's how to create it 1 Go to Google Video http video google com and enter a search term e g iraq 2 The result will be http video google com videosearch g iraq - 1 1 oeol5 JOll - 2 - J qlo I1Il I nrlt T 1ogl e V · i e Vide Search i raq - ftHJt h k h pli d 3 t corr lvd cseilfch q iraq 1 k «I ' llptioll Sea rch re ultsr q - try ir q l t I snipl1 11' CPUPI'lll'OP GoO r Video i fl' l 1arur ' ntl 'Vdco S arch iraq titl 1mI '1 tr p l11 eO g ogle omi J eNear h 7q rraq ihllk - m hllpj lJ'l eogo gle m omn onfgOQg e Jcg _ UlaJl Jyg --lud I ld fll'·IOO lluhh - b lght o 37- il'1 Jght fun g ' ­ - item ml Il'1q I r l' Speaks Out On ila « ill - link Lr 'J '1 lto govgJe c tnloJ'ldeo ay d tld -5587990522S49547050 tel il thfeed lim - ¥lUd - plll I r $u t - May 20G6 13 i62t PDT ilonbIJ't dll'Si nptJon JlV Sly e ·pocih r reJari e W dt 322plr beW T 268 f oat r gilr Inugill·lefl l em margin·bottom 5em · div 9tyie PDS llotl abso loJpO lefW bore I 11 A • 1 _ _A 1 '1 I C- l U A _ t r A - 1 A J_ ' t i'Qal'l t ' ' O · 1'1 lJ O 4- A'- ·1 1 tl 3 Now add output rss so that your new query string http video googIe com videosearch q iraq o utput rss 4 Now you can add this XML output to your favorite newsreader e g Bloglines to create a Google Video feed 86 UNCLASSIFIEOHFSR SFFlelAL l JSE SNL'f DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelAL tiS ONLY Google Video - Video Search iraq j ' 'i II 1 _ r l - I arch ro ults for que ' ' ·-t ' ' i '-J Jf' iC I ' C' h'¥ Folder Top Levei Updaled Itarns r Display r Ignore Oispl- V ti' DefafJ r PreferencE Monitored 8V c J 5 New r CDrnplete Entnes summarles if twailable r TJtfes P ID Blo91ines Notjf er Every time a new video containing the tag iraq is added to Google video it will be automatically added to your blog feed Unfortunately this hack does not work with Google search that would be a very nice feature Google Blogsearch and News have RSS Atom feed options already built into them Getting around Google's keyword restriction for filetvpe searches The Google fi etype syntax requires a keyword To get around the requirement for a keyword use the filetype extension as the keyword e g filetype pdf pdf Google's synonym related term search If you place a tilde - in front of a keyword Google will search for the keyword and for its synonyms For example a search for computer -security will find not only security but also vulnerability encryption secure firewall As you can see this is not a search for synonyms but for related terms 47 lonut Alex Chitu Secret Feeds in Google Video Google Operating System 12 September 2006 http googlesystem blogspot com 2006 09 secret-feeds-in-google-video html 5 October 2006 UNCLASSIFIED L6FOR OFFl61AL USE Ot LY 87 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOfifOR OFFICIAL JSE ot4LY Google Search Sinker This query option comes from Tara Calishain's website where she explains how it works Search Sinker asks for two things a query and then a 'sinker - a word that you want to emphasize as much as possible in the search e g uava as the query and coffee as the sinker The script counts your query words then fills up any remaining space in the query-remember Google's query limit is ten words-with your 'sinker ''' No API required http www researchbuzz org 2004 01 happy google hacks week 2004 2 shtml Use Google to Search This Site Have you ever noticed how bad many internal site searches are Maybe it's just me but I can't ever seem to find what I want using a site's internal search However Google can perform internal site searches for you and generally my experience is that Google will do it better All you have to do is use the site search syntax So if I want to search the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs' website for afrique alii need to do at Google is search on site wwwJrance d iplomatieJr afrique Number Range Search Option Google has a powerful numrange search which uses two number separated by two periods dots and no spaces Numrange has proven invaluable to malicious types who use it to harvest credit card numbers But it has other legitimate uses as well It may be important to indicate what the numbers mean e g weight money pixels etc Google does recognize the almighty dollar sign but results searching on the Euro symbol are inconsistent I'm sure you can think of many uses for the Goog e numrange search such as searching on phone number ranges dates address ranges etc Try a search such as amman telephone 617 680 '10 see how this search works Numrange can be used with other Google search options such as site www jordanislamicbank com 617 780 Also you don't have to use two numbers this search finds DVD players up to $150 dvd players $150 Numrange Searches Numrange can be used to specify that results contain numbers in a range you set You can conduct a numrange search by specifying two numbers separated by two periods with nospaces Be sure to specify a unit of measure or some other indicator of what thenumber range represents For example you might conduct a search for DVD player $250 300 or 3 5 megapixel digital camera Numrange can be usedto set a range foreverythingfrom dates viIillie Mays1950 1960 to weights f J 10000 KgtrucK IDVDplayer $250 350 Numrange has other uses that I discuss under Google hacking 88 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlIRQR QFFlelAL liSE 6NLY Yahoo Search In February 2004 Yahoo did what has been expected for about a year it dropped Google However what had not been correctly predicted was the new search engine used by Yahoo in place of Google Pretty much everyone expected Yahoo to go with the Inktomi search engine it purchased the previous year Instead Yahoo introduced a new search engine that draws on the technology of Inktomi and other search engines such as AlitheWeb and AltaVista which are owned by Overture a company Yahoo also acquired in 2003 After many years Yahoo is a legitimate search engine and not just a directory or a pale copy of Google Yahoo has been and remains one of the most visited and most popular websites on the Internet It was one of the first web portals debuting in 1994 as a relatively simple web guide and expanding rapidly to over 25 countries in 13 languages Along with Google Yahoo is one of the most recognizable brand names on the Internet At the core of Yahoo was its directory of websites a hierarchical list of sites organized by subject Until October 2002 that list was compiled and maintained by humans At that point Yahoo switched to Google search results thereby undermining in my opinion its uniqueness and value Yahoo announced in mid-2006 what it claims is the most significant redesign of the www yahoo com home page ever because we're also on a mission to empower people to find information and turn it into knowledge play and meaningful cornmunlcatlon In my opinion this was sorely needed What are you going to find on the new Yahoo homepage A great deal of personalization choices links to Yahoo email and Yahoo Messenger local weather traffic events and the most popular trends primarily in entertainment and pop culture The most significant addition to search is Yahoo Answers Yahoo's version of ask a question The current Yahoo Search Technology YST combines the technologies of the various Yahoo search properties-Inktomi AlitheWeb and AltaVista-as well as certain Google-like features to create a very powerful search tool Among these features are cached versions of webpages automatic conversion of non-HTML filetypes to HTML is available Yahoo Search Blog 15 May 2006 http www ysearchblog com archives 000304 htm 31 October 2006 48 UNCLASSIFIEDNF6R 6FFIeiAL USE 6NLY 89 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAL l ISE ONLY all backlinks are shown Google has started limiting the number of backlinks it shows Yahoo refreshes its index continuously not on a schedule this is a good thing Yahoo limits the size of indexed pages to the about the first 500KB Yahoo claims its database contains over 20 billion items webpages images audio and video files if true it would be the largest search engine database default operator is AND searchers may use OR search by filetype but can only be used via the Advanced Search option there is no special syntax it appears there is no upper limit on the number of search terms Google ignores anything beyond 32 an option to open link in new window small double-window icon at end of uri At the same time it was introducing its proprietary search engine Yahoo streamlined its search page interface so that it is resembles the Google homepage HOO SEARCH 'if Tip Gel directions fast Type city m lj _ »I Y l Se¥ch Preferences - Search Sel dces COI YligM 9200e Yahoo Inc All rights reserved Privacy po icy_ Tt rms of 'S toii e - opyrjgl l IP Petiw Submit Your Sil One feature Yahoo Search offers that Google would do well to imitate is the ability to edit the search options Here are the options Yahoo offers you can select the ones you want to appear on your Yahoo Search page With Google you get what they give you 90 UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFlelAL tis ONL DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE Of4LY Customize Yahoo Search Homepage Tabs Select the tabs you want to appear on your Search Homepage and click Save r Tabs '® Oeseril 'ion The most rele_anl resulls from across the Web This lab cannol be remo_ed Web po 1 - 9I Images po I - Directory Find photos and iIIustralions from all over the Web Search Yahoo 's categorized guide to the web r l rE local'H''' ' Find local businesses serving your area r I News r rID Products I Find millions of product re_iews and prices on the Web Search for news stories pictures and audlorvldeo r Mails Find maps and directions to anywhere you'd like to go r Peoille Search Search for people using Yahonl's telephone and email directories r 'if Tmwl Search for airplane tickets hotel reservations car rentals and more i Yahoo also introduced a number of international versions as well as local Yahoos for the US These international versions can be very useful for locating information about a specific region or country The pages are in the native language so if Catalan is unfamiliar you are probably better off sticking with the main Yahoo search page 'KHOO' I 'Sign In Help New User Sign Up International Yahoo Americas AsIa Pacitlc Argentina u s 8 azll US in cmnasa U S in Russian Canada Canada en ran ais U S en espa iol Mexico Europe Asia Australia NZ China Korea Catalan Malaysia Philippines Denmark Hong Kong Singapore France Germany India Indonesia Taiwan Greece Iialy Norway Spain swecen UK lrelanrj Thailand Japan NOFWoioY • Sweden UK 8 Ir@land CUla la fI fru'1 I U S· III Chinese U S '0 e sp afio l • ' Canada_ United S'bhse ' ' Ij S •• 11 Russl on · pain •• ee' y _Fran e o It J1V _A ia Chin o o creece India MeHKo Thailillnd eKO' I Ioio hpan • Tiliwiln ltong Kong Philippine Malavsia Sing apore • 'ndone sia _Sruil o Argentina UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlCIJlcL USE ONLY Ausb'alia a NZ 91 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflli6R 6liFleiAL l JSE 8Nb¥ Yahoo is systematically adding local searches outside the US During 2006 Yahoo added Germany and UK Ireland to its local page See the map section for more information Yahoo International http world yahoo com Customizing Yahoo Preferences Yahoo currently offers four basic Search Preferences settings 1 SafeSearch Filter choose among Strict Moderate Off The Filter lock option requires registration 2 Languages search in any language or one or more of 35 languages including Arabic Chinese Greek Hebrew Korean etc 3 Display and Layout Open search results in a new browser window when you click on the link Note Yahoo also offers an Open this result in a new window option following the link for each result if you do not select this option Results per page choose to display 10 15 20 30 40 or 100 results at a time Show Save and Block links to easily save or block pages to Yahoo's My Web service directly from search results Show Instant Search results 4 Subscriptions search Yahoo's premium content sources such as LexisNexis Factiva The Wall Street Journal Consumer Reports Access to these sources requires a paid subscription 5 Multimedia Search allows you to search and access songs already available from existing audio service provider The Yahoo Results Page Once you have entered your search term s and clicked the Yahoo Search button Yahoo will present you with a list of results or hits Depending on the search you are running you will see some or all of the following for a web search 92 UNCLASSIFIEDNF8R 8FFlGIAL l JSE et LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR Y 4HOOr SEARCH 'Vldeo Weh A dio OFFlel L LOCdl 141'11'5 l JSE ONLY Jk'lnya MOre Seercill Alls rlt1 3 l jl S ··· e5 I Ch6fU -tl S S Y 1 10d d'nl ' ¢1 nl1m f t b$_ -' AC t1 es l d Also'iJY kenya nC'w5papers daJy laton kenya kenya nell'S kenya alri'i8Ys More A Trwetoo Handpicked Kenya DealS I · tr ' ' z cc m al1les Tr l elzoo 1 D SCfanMaaic African salaris Pr 'a e In Kenya and Tsnzsma cast Nrrc3 Tra¥el - M h' tW handpICks oUlstandtn9 Kenya vac llc n ceals and guides you directly 10the Quality 'i W' la' jl Ad1entlJteS Filld cheap flights and hotel rates or Kenya from l iIellllO lOp lra'tel sites a1l ayakcom com y' Kenya lis or GU je WO td Fattbook e Tr3vBI Tips Di Slll sa'fS KenVd 10 bl m to 115 'o s N·p a hT 2 · e'lF ' C G A PAd'lenlures ilwM yc 10 Iul eiperianCi Kenya min OM 'J ' ' - r Ott-7 3 cern C j ' i FIF 4 suspends Keny l from IfW031'Dfill ootball ' ' n ' iOO' 'i 'rs·· ' L jL Ah' 1i Ill a -o 'ilm J ''' ' Kenya Kenya Hotel Book yOUi holer inKellY ' o lme with up to le% offlegula rstes ii' j 0 1 u 1 S S la lfn I1 ' fom Kenya Tour WithGAP Y 2 tmg Kenya1 I ' I' ' ' prcIl1'dmg Htem Kenya 'Web B l 1 - GUide to all aspects ofKenyan life and linx stocompames I the East AJrican legion Feed aChildin Kenya HejQ Maru HC egoIY ' I ' ' L ' · II IIF J 'lIrn 1' ' - feed E 2 Uto JiedJc ueensu ca '-Idealdownloads ma nlPro etKen' 'aDenrnarkF'rancars jO MICROSOFT 'NORD r l' - - ' Rhume du Programme Kenya· hnemsrk programme de fOlm 1wn pour dss Oanois au Kenya ellice ersa a pl t- soulevee au '10111 au KellYd ChlG SQn e en 'du j IUI t·n J t d jt ' ' d 1 Hl ·r ' I fl Util ' FIr ' f - i 1 • Js bclrJH1gJ C jm f It l ' _ i sta ing children inAfrica 15ll enya Hotel Find out about the Hotels inKenya beb e you book Discounted rales G hO P JA$Hcr'j A Also try queries to help you refine your search 8 Results 1-x out of total number of results C YAHOO Shortcuts Indicated by W next to the first result Yahoo Shortcuts provide links to useful content from Yahoo its partners or across the web 0 Sponsor Results are pay for placement results provided by Overture a Yahoo company E File Type if the document found is not HTML the file type will follow r· I 0·' t 'f' c T · iH ' 3D k e g M C the IIn I ' n '1'• 11 ' n F View as HTML for non-HTML file types select this link to see the page in HTML format Microsoft file types are potentially dangerous to open in their native formats Use view as HTML to open the document as a webpage instead of downloading it This is a safe procedure For more information please review these instructions for handling Microsoft files on the Internet safely UNCLASSIFIEDl'fFOR OFFl6I L l JSE QNbY 93 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDSFOR OFFlelAL USE O'4LY G More pages from this site select this link to search for other pages within this particular website that include the search term s H Category links to the appropriate category in the Yahoo Directory I Cached links to a copy of the page as saved by Yahoo's search engine search terms are highlighted on the cached page J Translation if Yahoo offers a translation you will see Translate this page following the link Yahoo Basic Search http search yahoo com Yahoo assumes as its default that multiple search terms are joined by the AND operator so that a search on the keywords windows explorer will find all the webpages that contain both search terms Yahoo will not return any results if there is no webpage containing all the search terms Try this query to see what I mean rollerskate handshake buckyball Unlike Google Yahoo does not limit the number of search terms to 32 keywords Yahoo will try to match all the keywords you enter Yahoo is not case sensitive Yahoo does not have true word stemming or truncation i e searching for variations of search terms Normally word stemming involves searching for plurals and verb conjugations such as drink drank drunk However Yahoo's word stemming is not consistent and somewhat confusing For example stemming works with some words but not with others i e a search on child will not find children a search on drink will find drinks but not drinking or drunk Users should search on all variations of a term including plurals and not rely upon the automatic but inconsistent stemming feature However there is a Yahoo hack to disable word stemming Yahoo automatically clusters search results If you want to see more pages from a specific site simply select that link following the uri of the result nd' h1 Iit i ···Y hii9 $ fc·i1 f tu·r Yahoo permits the use of boolean operators in simple search The operators must be capitalized Yahoo Search will run full nested boolean queries those using parentheses such as cardinals AND bird OR catholic AND NOT baseball OR football 94 UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflFQR QFFlGIAL l JSE ONLY Yahoo recognizes double-quotes as enclosing a phrase Yahoo does not have any stop words i e commonplace words In fact you can search on any single letter or number It is unnecessary to use the plus sign with any terms because by default Yahoo searches for all keywords However there are many times when searchers need to exclude certain terms that are commonly associated with a keyword but irrelevant to their search That's where the minus sign - comes in Using the minus sign in front of a keyword ensures that Yahoo excludes that term from the search For example the results for the search pearl harbor -movie are very different from the results for pearl harbor Yahoo will search for the ampersand Yahoo will search for barnes noble but if you insert spaces- barnes noble -Yahoo ignores the ampersand Also while Yahoo will not actually search on a plus sign the search engine will search for c and c although it does not recognize the difference between one and two pluses Yahoo Advanced Search Yahoo has many advanced search features that can be accessed from the Advanced Search page or in many cases employed in the simple search screen by using the correct syntax Yahoo has incorporated from AlitheWeb and AltaVista most of the languages in which users may search like its predecessors Yahoo is superb at searching for non-English and non-Latin languages Using either the language preference settings or the advanced search page users can select from over 35 languages and encodings in which to search and see results Keep in mind that if you search on a word using diacritical marks such as accents or umlauts Yahoo will only search for terms matching those with the diacritic However if you search for the unaccented term Yahoo will find the term with and without the diacritic For example a search on facade will not return pages containing only the term teceoe but a search on facade will find both facade and far ade Yahoo offers many search meta words i e special search terms to restrict searches and make them more effective These special operators can be used in both simple and advanced search site domain restricts results to a specific website or domain including a specific top-level domain May be used with or without keywords UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFIGIAL l J5E ONLY 95 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFflOIAL USE ONLY Advanced Web Search SitelDomain Filter results from specific domains com gov dell com etc Examples of how to use the site domain command site amazon com finds www amazon com cards amazon com www amazon com dvdl However it will not find www amazon com br domain ir finds all the pages from the Iranian ir top-level domain indexed by Yahoo uri use to find a specific document in the Yahoo index This command is very limited in its usefulness and requires the full uri address including the http to work This command works best using the Yahoo Advanced Search to find all the words in the urI May be used with or without additional keywords Advanced Web Search Show Results all of these words In the URL of the page Examples of how to use the uri command url http impact arc nasa gov intro cfm finds this specific page as it is stored in the Yahoo index inurl restricts results to any page with a term in its uri address May be used with or without additional keywords Advanced Web Search Show Results In the URL of the page Examples of how to use the inurl command inurl nasa finds any site containing nasa anywhere in the urI Will find webpages at www nasa gov as well as pages at www beeville netiNASAI inurl nasa gov columbia finds any site at nasa gov that contains the keyword columbia anywhere on the website title or intitle restricts results to pages containing a specific word or phrase anywhere in the webpage's title which usually appears in the browser's title bar and is the HTML title tag Title and intitle appear to work identically May be used with or without additional keywords Advanced Web Search Show Results In the title of the page Examples of how to use the title or intitle command 96 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFflOIAL USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflr OR Or r ICIAL liSE ONI V title amazon finds all pages that include the word amazon in their title title amazon rain farest finds all pages that include the word amazon in their title and mention the phrase rain forest anywhere in the document title or text or anywhere in the document link restricts results to pages containing links to a specific urI Yahoo has the unfortunate requirement to enter the full urI including the http to use the link command which adversely affects its usefulness May be used with ar without additional keywords No Advanced Web Search Option Examples of how to use the link command link http jpl nasa gov finds all pages containing links to any page at jpl nsa gov Iink http jpl nasa gov asteroid finds all pages containing links to any page on the jpl nasa gov site and the keyword asteroid anywhere on the page Iinkdomain the Yahoo link command finds every other page that links to a specific webpage but linkdomain finds every page that links to an entire domain Simply put the linkdomain command should not be used with the full address while the link command requires the full address to work properly May be used with or without additional keywords No Advanced Web Search Option Examples of how to use the linkdomain command vs the link command Iinkdomain amazon com use to find links to an entire domain Iink http www amazon com or link http help yahoo com help us ysearch use to find links to a specific webpage Here is an interesting twist on link searching that is finding sites that link to a specific address This search which works with Yahoo and to a lesser extent Live Search finds pages that link to a specific domain or domains but not to another specific domain or domains An example would help Let's say I start by finding the sites that link to the Iranian Ministry of Defense Here is the query I would use Iinkdomain mod ir UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL t1SE OIe lLT 97 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFflelAL USE ONLY This query returns 545 hits Now suppose I want to see which sites link to both the Iranian MOD and the Iranian Electronics Industries I can do that easily with this query Iinkdomain mod ir linkdomain ieimil com However I see lots of sites that also link to the ever-present CIA World Factbook which while a wonderful resource isn't want I want I would really like to see the sites that link to both the Iranian MOD and lEI sites but not to the CIA Factbook Can I do this Sure Iinkdomain mod ir linkdomain ieimil com -Iinkdomain cia gov While this technique has obvious applicability for search engine optimization who is linking to my competitors but not linking to me I think it is worth knowing about because you may come up with some creative ways to use it Just as an interesting example try these two queries in both Live Search and Yahoo It's interesting to see what drops from the results' list on the second query Iinkdomain cia gov linkdomain nsa gov Iinkdomain cia gov linkdomain nsa gov -linkdomain fbLgov I believe you will consistently find that Yahoo provides more results than Live Search for the Iinkdomain searches However the results will vary so it's worth using both search engines Google does not offer a linkdomain search and its link search has been hobbled search by file type restricts results to PDF MS Word XML and other filetypes Yahoo does not offer a filetype syntax However you can search by file type using the advanced search option Advanced Web Search File Format Only find results that are All formats or one format There is also a Yahoo Hack that lets you search by file type 98 Yahoo's video search now includes an option to search for MacroMedia Flash files To limit your Yahoo video search to Flash files go to Yahoo Video Search select Advanced Search uncheck all formats except Flash and run your query A simpler approach is to enter the query filetype swf keyword This query only works in Yahoo Video Search not Web Search UNCLASSIFIEO

I QR Q ISIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlj QR QFFlGIAL USE aNt'f Yahoo Video Search http video search yahoo com Yahoo now links its cached copies of webpages to the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine To use the link select the Cached copy of a result then click on check for previous versions at the Internet Archive That link takes you to the results of a Wayback Machine search of that precise urI Y h aco SEARCH back f J1 - Help for V' 'ebrnasters to results for nasa astrophysics Below is a cache of httll f cdsads u-strasbgJrf II's a snapshot of the page taken as our search engine crawled the Web We've highlighted the words nasa astrophysics The web site itself may have changed You can check the current 'age without highlighting or check for previous versions at the Internet Archive S no affilia ed with the authors of this page or responsible for ils conlent The Ni S c c strophysics Data Svstem The Digital Library for Physics Astrophysics ami Instrumentation Using Yahoo's More from this site option you can select other specific pages to view using the Wayback Machine's access to the huge Internet Archive database UNCLASSIFIEDIlFOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY 99 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDOFOR OFFlOIJllL USE ef4LY PolTf RNF T a e c u rv r _ _ hl_IP _II TakeMeBaCk_ Searched for hlt I 'c lsmls lI-st ilshtl fl ' 89 Results Note some duplicates are not shown Se 31l denotes when site was updated Search Results for Jan 01 1996 - Oct 17 2005 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 o pages 2 pages 4 pages 9 pages 5 pages 9 pages 10 pages 14 pages 20 pages Jan 25 1999 Feb 08 1999 Feb 09 1999 Feb 21 1999 Mar 02 1999 Mar 02 1999 I pr 22 1999 I Qr 29 1999 Oct 1 2 1 999 Mal' 20 2000 Jun 09 2000 Jul 06 2000 ug 17 2000 Oct 17 2000 Jan 30 2003 Feb 15 2003 Mar 23 2003 Apr 24 2003 Iun 02 2003 Jun 09 2003 Jun 19 2003 Llul 28 2003 Aug 06 2003 Seo 20 2003 Sep 25 2003 Nov 21 2003 Dec 04 2003 Decl 9 2003 Feb 25 2004 Mar 24 2004 Mar 25 2004 May 18 2004 May 22 2004 Llun 06 2004 Jun 09 2004 lUll 12 2004 JUIl 19 2004 Jun 17 2004 lui 01 2004 Ser 20 2004 Q Et 14 2004 Oct 21 2004 Nov 12 2004 I' ov 11 2004 No ' 25 2004 Nov27 2004 Nnv fR nn4 Dec '10 1997 Jan 19 '1998 Dec 22 1991 I pr 2 1 1998 JU114 1998 Dec 12 1998 Feb 0'1 2001 Jan 21 2002 Feb 24 2001 Mar 19 2002 Mar 01 2001 May 31 2002 Mar 08 2001 Jun 04 2002 Mar 31 2001 lui 21 2002 Apr 05 2001 Aug 02 2002 May 16 2001 Sep 21 2002 Llul 22 2001 SeQ 24 2002 SeQ 25 2001 Nov 19 2002 Nov 28 7001 P This is an excellent way to use the Wayback Machine to its fullest because it integrates the power and speed of a huge search engine such as Yahoo with the powerful though sometimes lumbering and hard to use Internet Archive query tool Yahoo Shortcuts Yahoo Shortcuts are special features and syntax designed to help users find specific kinds of information faster and more easily The Shortcuts indicated by the 'Y1 include Local Shortcuts including zip and area codes weather traffic reports gas prices and Maps to map any US location search on the street address city and state or the word map and a location Some international maps are now available News Information links when search term matches current news stories to include video and images Travel Shortcuts airport information hotel reservations exchange rates and flight tracker To find directions terminal maps flight delays and weather conditions at a 100 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFIOIAL l ISE ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY US airport enter the airport's three-letter code and the word airport For example to information about Baltimore-Washington International enter bwi airport At the top of the Yahoo results page you will see a Yahoo Shortcut link marked by the Clicking on the Shortcut link takes you to the Yahoo BWI resource page Baltimore Washington Inti Airport IBWI Baltimore MD Phone 410 859 7111 Address Tenuiual Iutotmation lI I Oiret1ions IQ I FrI lnl Airport Ground Trensp lr1' Hion H' 169' F No delays 15 mins Dr less • Terminal t 1ap PO Box 8766 Baltimore MD 21240·0766 a WeathtH Current AillJOI1 Status DepitnUrBz • P3 kint1 BWI Terminal Building • E lCtend rj For cast Arnvals • 6U UrL Terminals 4 No delays 15 mins or less • I i Y L c _ QD § D flL ' L g b gR H Security Checkpoint iVai Times Fli1cCBWI Airport Hoteis Ne rby Alrpolts I • ·Washington DC liAD -I • W3shingtl n OG DCA B VI AirrJ0rt Lime SE' vb ' Star Limousine Search by rClty' Airport Star limousine offers shuttle s er tce s to Baltimore International Airport BWI in Marylan Airport IBWI Airport Oi oc1oly BWJAirport Shuttle and • AJi nla G J j ill Check-in Check-out • Boston MA BOS 111124105 111126105 • Qt ' 99cl'J 1QYI ·r JJi go A QB QJ • Q3l§ G Q Wl ·Q § l Y CO iI J l Rooms Adults Children 11 11 10 is a a Transpcrtation 6V AirfJor' Limc' Js ne Se r 'iice • Delroit MI On' ' • r Q 1 § t g I § r Jf I • Las Vegas NV LA S • 'O'i 6I1 qeles 9A h • r 1 i' -'l1 LJ • i l • New YOlk NY iJFKl · 1 ' y'or1 j'J y' 'QAl • Jewal k NJ fEvVR aWl airport sb t tle aWl door-to-door transportation We s erve aWl airport to Maryland Vi Whllt bs Yohool F lreChase Corporate clients S'eeking optimal eHiciency can reserve professional limo service from BW 'fI· I ighH andn r orr Ground Transportation for BVVI Low Internet fare for Reference Shortcuts such as Dictionary Definitions as with Google Yahoo offers the define option To use it enter define then a word or phrase Yahoo only refers to the American Heritage Dictionary for definitions so Yahoo's define option is more limited than Google's Synonym Finder similarly Rogel's Thesaurus provides synonyms for Yahoo Search They syntax is synonym keyword Encyclopedia the Columbia Encyclopedia supplies the facts about a topic The syntax is facts about keyword Number Search Yahoo offers many types of number searches The numbers Yahoo will search for are US Patent numbers syntax is patent 5521308 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL YSE ONLY 101 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFOR OFFICIAL I JSE miLY UPS tracking numbers 1 Z9999X99999999 simply enter the UPS tracking number no special syntax is required USPS tracking numbers search on usps 9999999999999999999999 FedEx tracking numbers syntax is fedex 9999999999999999 FAA airplane registration numbers n158ua simply enter the FAA registration number no special syntax is required ZIP codes enter a US ZIP code either five or nine digits ISBN enter any International Standard Book Number UPC codes to find information such as the manufacturer for any product search on the UPC bar code VIN Information to find information about a vehicle 's history search on its 17-character Vehicle Identification Number VIN Calculator Shortcut a calculator time zone calculator and weights and measure converter Y anoo MYY3ho o Mo1 l1 Sea rch YAHoot n Si n Up I Se arch Ho m e Y lh oo Help 5 e lIth Help 5 emth ThIs P efelellces Y l hoo ShOltculS What are Yahoo Shortcuts Yahoo ShOrtcuts are specia l features designe d to help you to find answers quickly Click the title of a sp ecific feature to learn mo re about it Try a search using any of these Yahoo Shortcuts ' - - • • • • • • • • A irport Information A rline Regist ration Informat ion A rea Codes Calculator Dictionary Definition s Encyclopedia Lookup Exchange Rate s Fli ght Track er • Gas PIice s Yahoo Shortcut Help Yahoo Shortcuts 102 - -r- - - - -- ·-·· r-i • • • • • • • • • Hotel Finder I' iSHJ Numb ers Local Sea rch NEW Maps M ovie Sh owti mes News Pack ages I Patents ' I i • Stock IJuotes • Synonym Finder Time Zones Trafti c lIP C ' ode s • 'lIN Number 'Neights M easures and Temperatures 'Neathel • I • Scores I • s http help yahoo com help us ysearch tips tips-01 html http tools search yahoo com shortcuts UNCLASSIFIEO FOR OFFIOIAl I JSE mill DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDL FQR QFFlQIAL l ISE ot4L'f Yahoo Services and Specialty Searches News Yahoo News headlines are entirely generated using a computer algorithm that scours approximately 4500 worldwide news sources Yahoo News also offers international editions for France Germany India Italy Spain and several other countries For details on Yahoo News see the news search engine section below Images the Yahoo image database contains more than a billion images and includes content from Yahoo news and movies The advanced search options for images permit users to limit the search by size color and image type Users of Yahoo Search can add the Image tab to the left-hand side of the main search page Video Yahoo Video search is extremely powerful I address this option below in the video search section Translations Yahoo absorbed AltaVista's Systran translation page Babelfish but without the excellent virtual keyboard Systran provides reasonably decent machine translations of web pages from many European and Asian languages The translation page lets you automatically translate a search result enter any uri you like or copy type text directly onto the translation page If a page appears in the results list in one of the languages Yahoo translation supports you will see Translate this page after the page title Yahoo Babelfish http babelfish yahoo com Yahoo Language Tools http tools search yahoo com language Mobile SMS Search This is a new service that is different from the SMS text messaging that has been available at Yahoo for some time i e Yahoo Messenger The new SMS at Yahoo permits queries using mobile technology Yahoo's SMS number is 92466 which spells Yahoo on most phones Here is Yahoo's explanation of their service which is presently only available to US Cingular Sprint and Verizon subscribers Right now you can search for any local information by sending a query with your location or zip code like pizza 94025 you can get a stock quote with s yhoo weather information lOW 94025 dictionary definitions d garrulous horoscopes h aquarius WiFi hotspots wifi 94123 and more are coming Hence typing w and the ZIP code get you a short weather forecast ' Yahoo Mobile Search http mobile yahoo com search Directory As with Google Yahoo's web directory uses the Open Directory Project's collection but the two versions are not identical For example if I search the directory for the keyword java Yahoo presents multiple directory categories UNCLASSIFIEDA'FOR OFFlelAL USE ONt f 103 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl6IAL l J5E ONLY Yahoo Seerch IA d ' nc d _ _ _ _ _ Preferences • Yellow Pages Products j 1 RELATED D1REGORY CATEGORIES Hand3-0n Java Traininq Nationwide Proqrarnmlt1g Languages Java Indonesia Java More Learn hands- fr from experts it mor Then I can select an appropriate category where Yahoo Directory lets me limit my search to a specific directory category C C lsearch DirE directory Search I Advance CATEGORIES Places in Java • Cities 1 6 • Provinces 3 Javi'l Categories • Business ami ShOlmilul 453 • Community 66 • Education 73 • Entertainment and Arts 30 • • • • News and Media 7 Real Estate 1 0 Recreation and Sports 14 Travel and Transportation 59 • Health 11 Yahoo Answers the biggest change to Yahoo search during 2006 was the integration of ask a question or Yahoo Answers into core search Yahoo began integrating responses from Answers into its main search results in mid-2006 Although you can read answers at the Yahoo Answers site in order to ask and answer questions users must register with Yahoo If a question has already appeared at the Answers site it will now turn up in the results from the main Yahoo search Don't expect to get answers to esoteric or difficult questions you are much more likely to get opinions about the best DVD player than an answer to a question about which languages are spoken in Afghanistan But the reservoir of questions and answers will continue to grow so perhaps we will see a richer set of answers than exist thus far http answers yahoo com Yahoo Answers 104 UNCLASSIFIED Ij OR OJ j ICIAb us ONbY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNIiOft OlililelAL use Or LY Yahoo Site Explorer The Yahoo Site Explorer website is still in beta its goal is to help users learn detailed information about a specific website The Yahoo search database contains detailed information about the structure of the web In addition to the web pages themselves the database stores information about links among pages and uses that information as well as additional algorithms to gauge the popularity of a given page Site Explorer gives you access to this information so you can learn about a site To explore a site you submit a URL using a search box just as you would for a normal web search You can then click links on the results page to see detailed information The Yahoo Site Explorer will reveal all the pages in a specific domain all the pages in any subdirectory of a domain and all the links to a domain The main purpose of the Site Explorer is to help webmasters improve the rankings of their sites as evidenced by the capability for sites to submit missing uris the fact that Site Explorer provides 50 results by default its web services APls and its ability to export the data to a tab separated TSV file for further analysis The initial response from the search community has been lukewarm but I like this new tool because' it simplifies learning about a site and unlike Google Site Explorer provides all the links to a site Which Yahoo calls inlinks instead of a limited subset of links Let's examine Site Explorer from the point of view of a researcher instead of a developer Here's the Site Explorer result page for the uri http www who int showing all the pages in all subdomains of that website The order is by the most visited pages at the domain according to Yahoo's records about the page W h ltni r iAAl Wtt Ejrp1 UiV Hilp Pigi i o i tiui'2sa 1 32 ·bj ' 6 Rli 1'lls J 8$t2J8 J2 I I I n o i _ _ _ __ S fJW F «ges rom Afl slIlidomains1 0nlyIhisdomaID r % il l S1 'EJ ri lhti i I J qm l i 9 Rt' ' lt9 l 4 -m-1O i il lm· ii im JJRi 3 1- jd l'Sm' r hll r¥ T dfQfi e j' I HSf ' j inllt i fif n l -C i ilW i' 4 ifriQ i¥j 9 W lt lliIlj l'£Q 5 j M itrJ I 'ter tl lbrFll h a ' ' ii 1 i liF1ild @bl iil%lli1 '1 iiW 'I O ii l ll tsii c'JJk · CStli d· Ex lo ii' Ji5 6 t' 'HO § ' llCll iol r S 'st m W li ¥JtI·I I · i t'i' 1r URI 7 OM f l arf @t h iil 1 l Wi hl r if 2 ' Gg i· fii -i ifirlki UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL 1 J8E mlLV 105 · DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFICIAL b1SE ONLY Now look at the inlinks links to the WHO website Site Explorer found that show the link to this uri http www who int only t _ i i ft f APt Pag s @a 134l 1Inllnks 111j G tl • •_ ' •• _ _ _ • • _ • • _ •• _ _ • • _• • _ _ _ SubmilURl _ _ ' _ _ _ · A • _ Show lnliilks tD URl I Enljro · e j S$ ' Hntltw Htlp Inlir k I 50 of tbDut 173i647 ' l ' 1 $ C l Sl -_ _- E p ri m$ Q Tsv k Lb nj tJqlt R tM ic f ii4 Qif gfl jt dtJ lll il · rW· F Ji ' l Hlf'i 3 %'f i'ffil t' '¥ $ lt lt tg f Qi ' E i _ g tl 9i P1 4Jl i f g i t 1'''''''' IJ m O i''il k• Cllcllti El nMi lj'11flt 4 NOS h Vr 3 T11ree s£ e r n5'XD 28 25 ·d W 'H' iiis €I' · Z' k Y f l1l - kr J tlJ J f ·5 tg Q ¥ f I D411W f tgf Qfilj f r i ' ® I RI i tI Iil' f i1 V i r J1ii ¥ i 1M1 i j 8W4e i lJ9 «Jrt@f ili ' l · sr 1JRl 1 tklt lrolil'l'J'U1 'NtivOii3bifjN I1i ciRs Ji iC t 'lNu iu€ltti l lllm i 18¥ C c · ·· fitp lim Jj'L 8 'NN c l p ltiijC-M jj J ljtm dor- ltl'l£ r¥ i r im - Jal'l28' 2 JO i 1 mo tutril m4J'VI RL l1 i iapcft ' 1 d3lt im rni m l1 's - S ik ·flQ · hnd r fJ J L to hbfc' 4a t m 41 $ 4l ji ' trtii 'Lf Jil · J D 1 r t v w iib Eupui f ill ' utje tHife4 gC v ' htt'f'i html -85 - l ff · S l ' m i lRL By way of comparison the site search in Google- site www who int -returned a whopping 2 2 million pages for this domain but only about 29 000 inlinks to the uri whereas Yahoo Site Search returned nearly 174 000 inlinks However I find it easier to explore a domain or subdomain using Site Explorer Note the Explore URL link for every page on the results' list This effectively lets you dig deep into specific pages directories or subdirectories in a very orderly way Keep in mind that you cannot use any keywords or other special syntax with the Yahoo Site Explorer whereas both the Google and Yahoo site command lets users include both other special syntax and keywords e g site www who int inurl sars vaccine The main value of Site Explorer is the powerful inlinks command Look at the big increase in the number of inlinks 917 704 when you look at inlinks to the Entire Site 106 UNCLASSIFIEOIII OR OI FIGIAl b1SE ONlY ' DOClD 4 0 4 6 92 5 UNCLASSIFIEDfifiO OfifilelAL l ISE OP4L¥ M h rYk'U ttpl ' Ma iiPbVtr Hltte f links I ' in#'libcul 17 73 · s i $6 ft j Ih j lllll nlls j911JUI SUbm U ' E lt ShQ 'lrilinksIO ·URU En ireSite reSijft 10 TSV t 1HQ VVOO 1if 1 h wr$1ll jt l1m I ·Wr'ii hiJ i llJ nk E 1 · gillii i 'R 2 r i lY JLf'Ul iW ' j GAA LSi ie l mafu L %D'¢ in1 tm t i m · Ni l1Iillat COrtJ · tk C U ' 5

O £q Etrl mlll lR WIiffl '''' IId JlilJ''· 33k · Etpio UJi 6 Y 6gJ$ ' ' i l r 6 1 ii 1 ri vr llJ i QX1 l B w w 'ttho if1 l1t 'I 'slen - l % • full I ft M Jrn211 1'Jod I Semt h· 7 Wt mw ' liit ' 'i· 5t · · iij 't %k 8 Qtl'i Q 1lt i1 q 9Mgl i 9 ··llJ tpd ml' fult _ 4 ' 1L J1 11 10 Q j i 1mH E M I j cdt qcY O'J -m · 4 t - £ E w'i ·URl Remember Google will not let you use any keywords or other syntax with its link command and it purposely limits the number of inlinks as a way of trying to control webspam However Yahoo's linkdomain syntax will let you use keywords e g Iinkdomain www who int sars The bottom line is that the Yahoo Site Explorer does not add any genuinely new functionality for researchers while it does offer new capabilities for developers You can do everything and in some cases more with the old Yahoo search syntax So why use Yahoo Site Explorer Because it provides an extremely orderly and easy touse way of digging deep into a site it provides if not a complete then a huge set of inlinks to a specific uri and it ranks the pages of a site by their popularity in Yahoo's statistical records of the site Yahoo Site Explorer beta http siteexplorer search yahoo com Yahoo Mindset This new search tool from Yahoo Research Labs is worth a look especially for those queries that turn up a lot of commercial shopping hits at the top of the list when you are trying to find academic non-commercial or research- UNCLASSIFIEDUfPQR QfPFlCIAL USE e'4LY 107 4 046925 DOClD UNCLASSIFIEDHFQR QFFlblAb l JSE mJb¥ oriented sources Mindset uses a single slider with two options at the far left is Shopping and at the far right is Researching You can move the slider anywhere along the continuum to minimize commercial results and maximize research results or vice versa Here's a good example of the two different sets of results you'll get for the query windows xp Researching Windows XP ignore the sponsored results f 11 1' J· - iF iJ Q i ' ' ' a iir e$ ·Befoi YOU'D Y COrilpat fp 1'ill Ciil 'w ha ii a cpmplete s

ttlori or ¥ideo girrre6cimi Oilic proMilr i@i fSiQre • •' ' ' ' 'f ' ' ' e i PPY Qg H 3 - £PP Uf 'O'R Rf tU rSi Sil' eNow Ilt Win XP 'JO 'whli l J W f d t' d c # I ·n ' 31'frtutt R n g ' ei o' t5 l lt t U $f i f g v w r ir «· otl Wife ir g iJ' Compare Pri n 6h 'WiMfI'is IIp' i f c Save ' ltf 'J S1 tn - C $ J$ ' l t A 1r t I · l U 9 t 1'l -'tl'¢ m 1 H _ -ft i P'Pi ' l ' oJiil 'iJf· oi ' fl ' J ll 'R'- m t in l i wll r h ti ' 'il9 J ' l't 'f 'h u t i t ' -i U 'M J d litb'iH 'l1ffxtag C fl W'indoMXl' lJi f l I i · u ·$ r -I l$ 41 d ·I Vlj j 'it c - t ll 'l l $t ·d i t $ 4 9 i w¢4j I ' l tt l 2 15 Microsoft Win dows 'Xf' ' Search Miclo Dfl com fo' · MiciosOft WilliJows Xl' Laiesl NI 'Yis Le lln AOOul SP2 Wlndovl$XP s r iC l P ck-'2 with MVanted Sm 'ity T echit 109ies helV ou prOlet jou PCagainst'Viruses had'¥ s anO rms learnabou u Ii' benems Wllld XP SP2 here Mittilsoll WlndOws'XP Piofessionill x64 Edition Solulioil' Center Wli Iows Xl' ProfessKln' B4 i d lan ' rel•• sed on'Ap ii ' - 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'I V lWI eb co l1 ' Mimsfift s tf' T Wrinq·Harll h Oli ' WI ' a Tiaro ' lm CiCi iliJO§Ti slt4'aOOooSMmTE -8 Arnazoncorn $ooware Microsoft VV1ndovi XP Protessional Upgrad f' i I d H t r l l U TheUpgiade i ision ·of nd o_ P'PtOf@ssiOl1ar ia 1 alure tich a f id h as a fimi'manac@ AgAin b @ ar jn·milllithal WII doW1l XI' may tllm yoo lB monron '''''''''''' 4 lHlfldowsXP ' ' l wiIJ UO 's com W1I'v amaro ll cilf1v ilrecJvb dos S INiSOO OO5MOTG u2jRJ Campbe is the SoItwelePnce Beater spe i1ais RJCampb@n'iilthe ftmre' Pric@ 8eati rsp elaiisinS iil MiCrosoftOfIice un·and WilldcwS XP __ S61I il PriteBeilt er co uk WliiilowsXI' Hoo o Edition SP2 OEM Pro6ucfkey M¥ $ottnare ·prfue be atEf cQ I llf Yahoo Mindset j'I WH ' H -dkf ''' rtl l li l x 1 r 1 w it 'lfi oS P fl t t 4fjj i _ il- d ' k i ii JM tlf ri -« i ¢ t i l Mk d r ii1 Iif il l Nt J W Wi t I inin kO l t l ll Mir rosdl Windows XP PIa• Studeirt ' ' http mindset research yahoo com Yahoo Instant Search This is yet another attempt by a major search engine to provide answers instead of lists of search results Yahoo's Instant Search tries to give you a single relevant response to a query As their blog explains If search engines are so smart why do they give you millions of results when you type in boston weather Why even ten for that matter Why not just one Or better yet why not just tell me what the weather is Of course the answer is that often there isn't one obvious answer to a query and you may want a number of possible sites to explore However sometimes you just want a straightforward response and that is what Instant Search is trying to achieve Instant Search works best in fact only works with simple requests e g weather london or bwi or artificial intelligence or convert 150 dollars to pounds Keep in mind Instant Search is not trying to be another Answers com which researches 'answers to specific questions Rather Instant Search tries to guess what most users would want to know if they entered a query such as ravens Instant Search guesses most users are looking for information about the Baltimore Ravens and not about birds Sometimes the guesses are good sometimes not UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY 109 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlOIlill USE ONLY Instant Search employs the AJAX 49 web development technique that is starting to make a big splash AJAX uses asynchronous JavaScript and XML thus the name AJaX to allow interactive web browsing You can see AJAX in action with one of the most intriguing features of Instant Search You don't need to hit the Search button to get your answer As you type the answer or best guess will appear in a speech bubble below the query box YAHOO' SEARCH Instant Search i Seorclilhe Web J N lltl Planets Mars 1 infOml 11iofiabo l11he fourth planlll om the S lflilnd the se' r h ImOllst iA t y jn · -'h - - r·F O j 1I11 11 hIm You can also add Instant Search to your Yahoo Search page by clicking on a link on the Instant Search webpage I actually think Instant Search is closer to Google's I Feel Lucky option than to Answers com something the Yahoo press release announcing Instant Search alludes to Why feel lucky when you can be right Instant Search doesn't just link to a webpage but actually tries to figure out what you want and give it to you fast It will be interesting to see if this tool catches on I suspect that people will find the magically appearing speech bubble irresistible for a while but whether or not Instant Search has staying power will depend on the quantity quality and reliability of the responses it provides Yahoo Instant Search http instant search yahoo com Yahoo Podcasts Yahoo's new search site is designed not only to find podcasts on topics of interest but also let users search podcasts by keywords categories or usergenerated topic tags The new site is a variation on the traditional Yahoo directory offering a category list by topics lists of what other people like and what we like and a search box that lets users choose to search either series episodes or both A search on spyware returned 5 series results and 202 episode results It is clear from the highlighted terms in the results that Yahoo's Podcast search looks not only at tags but at the content as well AJAX Computer Desktop Encyclopedia Computer Language Company Inc 2005 Answers com http www answers com ajax 15 November 2006 49 110 UNCLASSIFIEDIJFOR OFFICIAL liSE O LY DOClD 4 0 46 9 2 5 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlCIJltL l J5E ONLY Se i e i$ tunw niw4 hadIii haPpe ' il ntuiltl' 1he m n o oined lh 'rm Spy andWlote 11 1 ftrslollYwar remO'ISI p m a is-dtes se s It fhl s ts the u lmirle_S o1J 'pti er 'f t n i 5 oW 'nwork -a-n t • ' ti a 1 i f tt t S r r 1 i ·· ' £ Kils p swv i il md•• OIUOZ OIPOd CM P RO ' a Vian _ u ily36Q JIt lc VOl 64vs duol 32 Yahoo Podcasts includes a player that does not require any installation so that users can simply click on the l 'nil button to hear the podcast in MP3 format If you prefer Yahoo Podcasts even lets users download a copy of a podcast for later listening All this is free and does not require registration The site is in beta as of now Why is Yahoo breaking into podcasting in such a big way Perhaps this is in response to the new study from Yahoo and Ipsos that shows that while RSS feeds are gaining ground among the technology elite they have made little headway with most Internet users At least that is what most users believe but the reality is somewhat different How's that The survey found that 31 percent of respondents used RSS but only 4 percent were aware of it A full 96 percent of people participating in the survey told Ipsos Insight that they did not use RSS Their obliviousness came from the fact that most people used browser-based feed-reading software In short folks are using RSS and don't know it When users go to My Yahoo or Firefox's live bookmarks they are using RSS technology Moreover the study found that even the most tech-savvy users prefer to use browser or webbased RSS readers than stand-alone software That's easy to understand because people are so deluged with technology that unless it is easy to use or brings some indispensable new capability people simply won't use it The study concluded UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelAL US ONLY 111 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFlCIJ8rL USE 6NLY Internet users do not understand how to use the XML button how to actively seek out RSS feeds or even what the term RSS means Instead they need a simple interface where they can choose the information and content that interests them This is where personalized start pages and browser-based experiences can help move RSS into the mainstream Yahoo's new Podcasts Search tries to simplify and demystify not only podcasting but also RSS feeds so that users will feel comfortable enough to try a new technology and Yahoo hopes get hooked on it I know I have pretty much given up on email newsletters in favor of RSS feeds at Bloglines because it is just so much more convenient 50 Yahoo Podcasts Search http podcasts yahoo com RSS Crossing into the Mainstream by Yahoo and Ipsos Insight October 2005 PDF http publisher yahoo com rss RSS whitePaper1 004 pdf Chris Sherman reviews eight RSS readers for parsing primarily XML formatted news and blogs some are integrated into a browser while others are standalone products that must be downloaded and installed Chris Sherman Choosing an RSS Reader Search Day 1 September 2005 http searchenginewatch com searchday article php 3531486 14 November 2006 50 112 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlCIJ8rL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL l ISE Ot LY Yahoo Hacks While Google hacks-tips tricks techniques and scripts that make Google more powerful and useful-are plentiful and fairly well documented the same cannot be said yet for Yahoo Hacks despite the fact that O'Reilly published a Yahoo Hacks book in late 2005 Part of the reason for this was the absence of Yahoo APls a problem Yahoo recognized and rectified with its Developer site Yahoo Developer Network http developer yahoo net Yahoo Developer Network Blog http developer yahoo netlblog While many of the hacks mostly employing some form of API are geared toward maps Yahoo launched a webpage devoted exclusively to Yahoo and mixed API applications Yahoo Search Application Gallery http developer yahoo netlsearch applications html I recommend you pay special attention to the following applications that use Yahoo APls although you may find others even more useful to you Link Harvester http www linkhounds com link-harvester This is a very powerful-but very slow-tool for examining links to a domain or a specific urI The example below shows the links to www mfa gov cn Link Harvester does the following • quickly finds almost every single site linking into a domain or page • scrapes past the 1 000 search result limit by making domain filtering a snap grabs number of pages indexed • • grabs links to any page grabs total inbound links home page links and deep link ratio • tool is fast and free which is great considering all it does • • grabs C block IP address information tool provides links to Wayback Machine and Whois Source now Domain Tools next to each domain • free open source UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY 113 4 0 4 6 92 5 D OClD UNCLASSIFIEDhlFQR QFFISIAL l ISE ONLY • uses the Yahoo API so it complies with their TOS terms of service URL ex_www s lte com mfa gov en e Link Type IDomain J 1250 J Query I Start Over I hllp Iapi search yahoo eomM'ebSearehSer ieeNl webSeareh query linkdomain www mla gov en r' to Showing 201 unlqne d m lnolrom Link s ToDomain 610 Link s ToHomepage 255 t e first 2S0 nits of213 otalresults Pages Indexed 121 Deep Link Percentage 58% 7 Unl ue Edllc ltiolMI Domains ·· edu with 7 Unl ue C Block Addlesses rI 1 1t IQIIIIIbIIQIIYIiob mu adu en 2 210 47 174 208 r 1'iYll6I li2IIIl ltiIIQIIYIcs whu erJu en 2 202 114 121 41 r 1161 l llll l IQJ IIIWMH Msz edu cn 2 2 18 17 227 2 19 rI' ' 'I I6I IQJ III I I QJ It I WVlW sdngy adu en 2 211 6 4 116 10 I 12 Unique Govel ment Domai ns gov ir m il r I'l' 1 I I Q ll l l l J iII QI IYJ iobhzleadu en 2 221 12 26 151 r l'ttl I QJIl l lJ iIIQIIYI c er uc ed co 2 202 112117 1 16 r rtil l IIQI III l 1 lQll J lob hlju edu cn 2 21O 46 35 w it h 10 Uniqu e C Block Addre sses l l6I IQ IIllti IQ IXI '''' mfa go en 4 211 99 196 166 r 1Y i1 1 1£1 III I I IQI Il l embassy·larklSlan lmprq ov cn 2 21 1 99 196 218 l r I' ' 'I161lQI1 I1 I IQI IYI _ se pla Gov en 4 61 157 75 21 r IYl'I It IQl I 1 1 I QI IYI YNIW lIgil g en 2 218 4101 3 j r I I 161 IQIIIJ Ibl QI IYIgwy2006 mop gov en 2 202 106 181 242 r l'iY11t IQl ll l ltillQllYIb g h yoven 2 216 242 2551 18 r r r r r r f II ' IIQII II JlQllYJ v w v yoven 2 202 1231 10 3 Ifl ll ' IIQIIlIIJ i1mllYJ wgzc·Y'''''IJ goY cn 2 6 1 153 32 13 l'£ ll 1i 1IQIIII I IIQI11 1wN changehun gO ' cn 2 221 6 13 135 l' YII l lQl ll l lJ i1 1Q 11 1 po ral f itu sO g ' br 2 2CO 230 190 68 l't J I II QJ Il llJ iIIQI11 wcm fmprc gov en 2 2 11 99 196 166 ' YII I IQI IIII I lliICO N 0' ' 2 218 75 5369 1 lJ qlle C r ' I tc L 1 J ' c ' ' ' 9 I 1 Uni'l JlJ _ek Add e __ _ _ _ _ _ I YI t QI II Ib IQI 11 1 hW allme corn 2 204 14 134 23 r I' YI I QI l ll 1 Q I1J ''''N guo' hi net 2 203 194 128 198 r 1 161 I Q I II Itil lQllYJ w eh nai s org 4 210 51 190 235 rI'£ ll I I IQ I Ill lJ i1 QIlY 1 bubblepnckor 91Lnol 4 2 11 100 24 5 r II6I IQl llI IQJ IQl lil ' tiglag com 2 203 88 198 18 r 1'£ l11t' I IQIIIIIJ iI IQl III M'IW freerepubiie eom 2 209 157 64 20 1 rt l II 1 1§1Ill l I QJ Iii YNffl eomer omehina com 2 67 15 83 143 r 1Y't11t' 1 QIIIJ 1J i1 IQIIII spaees mtn com 2 65 54 153 254 rI 1'1 161IQIIIIIIjIIPI I I P P 't d oro 2 72 4 161 148 r 1'£ l1 1t' 11Q11II1J iI IQII1 l z kip• li 4 207 142 131 213 r For each unique domain Link Harvester provides W Whois Source data for domain Internet Archive data for domain Q Google cache of actual webpage m Google's text only cache of actual webpage U l Google's text only cache of domain Q Whois Source's information about the domain from the Open Directory YJ Yahoo's Directory Listing of Whois Source data about the domain Hub Finder http www linkhounds com hub-finder Hub Finder looks for sites which have co-occurring links to related authoritative websites on a particular topic Basically Hub Finder locates authoritative websites on a particular subject as in the example below for java In this case the top sites most authoritative resources for java are shown Hub Finder also permits users to download the data in CSV Comma Separated Value format that can be easily merged into a spreadsheet or database 51 Link Harvester Linkhounds http www linkhounds com link-harvester 14 November 2006 114 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OrFlelAL us ONLi DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFQR QFFISIAb Uii ONbY 150 J Download CSV Goosle Key F ' ' UnkType Applicalion IDomain J ISort Bv J I Query Start Over Enter lip to 10 sites OUEl lying the following 5 sites t hltp llwww Javacom 2 java sun com 3 www java com 4 rdrwl yahoo com 5 javaboulique inlernel com Showing 45 sites with at least 2 matching hacklinks hom 178 search resutrs f Site Name I II 61 til QI il blDg• SUn com 209 249 116203 6 1 S 1 I1161 til QI il java sun com 209 249 116 141 S S s ' II 61 til Qllil WIW jcp org 192 1897 62 6 S II 61 til QI Iii microsoft corn 207 46 18 30 6 S 6 1 ' 11 611til QI Iii WNN Suncom 209 249116 195 S ' 11 611ti11Q11Yl I I'clly com 66 37 219 37 S I II 161 lti IQI Iii atl8nlis blgfEShgames com 63 251 168 82 6 0 1 ' 11161 ItillQI IYI came ot slpliGs com 64 158 108 35 o 6 1 ' 11161 til QI i dessen nel 69 60 119225 6 S The following Yahoo Hacks generally mirror certain Google hacks with the exception of the originurlextension syntax which is unique to Yahoo and very powerful Disabling Word Stemming Yahoo does not give users the option to turn off word stemming which can frustrate users trying to perform precise searches To run a precise search enclose the term in double-quotes e g drink will not find drinks except in sponsored results Searching by Filetype Despite the fact Yahoo mysteriously disabled its filetype syntax you can use originurlextension to search by file type but this syntax is imperfect Examples of how to use the originurlextension command UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 115 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDOFOR OFFl6IAL b1S QNboY originurlextension pdf white paper finds pages indexed by Yahoo that are in PDF format and contain the phrase white paper anywhere in the text title or urI To search by specific type of file use the syntax originurlextension plus one of these or any file extension such as cgi log zip etc Because this workaround is not a true filetype search you can search on any file extension o o o o o o o htm or html-standard web page pdf -Adobe Acrobat xls-MS Excel ppt-MS PowerPoint doc-MS Word txt-text 52 xml rdf rss-RSS or XML feeds Search roller Searchroller uses a JavaScript to let you create a neat little search query bookrnarklet' for your future use The bookmarklet comprises a set of domains you like to search on routinely but don't want to type in each time For example perhaps you'd like to search simultaneously on a whole group of news sites Tara Calishain's script lets you input the uris for the news' sites once then save them to your Favorites or Bookmarks Each time you click on the bookmarklet a screen will appear asking you to enter a query term or terms then the bookmarklet will automatically go to Yahoo and run that query against all the urls you have previously selected It's a great timesaver when you consider this is a typical Searchroller bookmarklet query although it could be much longer iraq site cnn com OR site msnbc com OR site usatoday com OR site nytimes com OR site washingtonpost com OR site bbc co uk Search roller http www researchbuzz org 2aa4 1a new yahoo hack searchroller fO shtml Artificial Proximity Search Since Yahoo's APls are so new and as yet not fully exploited clever folks like Tara Calishain have come up with ways to force Yahoo to perform new types of searches The proximity search lets you input one search term and look for it from 1 to 5 spaces really words from a second search term For example I can search for henry within two words of thoreau and find many instances 52 In order to read RSS or XML feeds you need a reader or aggregator to parse this type of data A bookmarklet is a tiny JavaScript application contained in a bookmark that can be saved and used the same way you use normal bookmarks Bookmarklets do not require users to download and install software For more on bookmarklets visit http www bookmarklets com 53 116 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL tJSE OI L f DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlJFOR OFFISIAL l JS ONLY of Henry David Thoreau This tool is very good for finding names with the last name listed first e g Thoreau Henry David YNAPS Yahoo Non- A PI Proximity Search Try using an artificial NEAR search for Yahoo Find Word One fhenry Within spaces of Word Two thorea u Any additional words Search I I Start Over I Yahoo Proximity Search http www researchbuzz org 2004 10 ynaps yahoo nonapi proximity s shtml Boilerplate Words or Phrases Yield Gold Used in combination with keywords standardized words or phrases can produce very useful results from Yahoo as well as Google Whether it's company proprietary not for distribution or a copyright disclaimer these are the kinds of identifying query terms that searchers need to look for UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFISIAL l JS O 'bY 117 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAb b18i ONLY Windows Live Search MSN Search is no more As of mid-September 2006 Windows Live Search was out of beta and officially supplanted MSN Search It came as a surprise to no one that the new Live Search has the familiar clean uncluttered look popularized by Google Live marks a clear change in Microsoft's overall direction from a multipurpose portal to a search service Live com is now first and foremost a search destination according to Christopher Payne Microsoft's corporate vice president The question on everyone's mind is whether or not Live Search is any better than MSN Search or Google or Yahoo or any number of other search engines Thus far Live is not noticeably superior to MSN Search but it is a one of the top three largest and most powerful US-based search engines The new Windows Live Search uses its own database for web search indexes at least 5 billion pages offers cached links with the date Microsoft estimates the page was last updated usually the date the Microsoft spider last crawled the page sometimes a date will appear next to the cached link on the results' page if that page has recently been updated has a Near Me search option that only works in the US it uses your IP address to determine your location users can override this location by changing it on the Options page Note that you cannot leave the default location empty If you do not enter a location Live Search will default to what it reads as your IP address's geolocation offers web news image local Q A academic feeds video products and new build your own searches offers preference control via options The Search Builder query customization tool has been replaced by the Advanced option as with Search Builder the Advanced option opens a little window beneath the search form 54 Chris Sherman Microsoft Upgrades Live Search Offerings SearchEngineWatch 12 September 2006 http searchenginewatch com showPage html page 3623401 5 October 2006 118 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAL I JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFISlJl L SE ONI Y Customizing Live Search Settings Options l Live Search currently offers these user-defined options preferences Display display the site in a specific language most major languages with some notable exceptions e g Arabic Thai Number of Results choose to display 10 15 30 or 50 results at a time Group results from the same site Show the first 1 2 or 3 results Open Links in New Browser Window yes or no SafeSearch Filter choose among Strict Moderate Off Location set a default location Microsoft detects your physical location from your IP address but you may enter a new geographical location in its place Remember you cannot leave the default location empty If you do not enter a location Live Search will default to what it reads as your IP address's geolocation Search Language search in any language or search in one or more of 38 languages including Arabic Japanese Chinese Korean and Hebrew The Live Search Results Page The clean look continues on the results' page Once you have entered your search term s and clicked the Live Search button Live will present you with a list of results Depending on the search you are running you will see some or all of the following for a web search UNCLASSIFIEDJ J OR OJ J ISIAb ' 'iii OWb¥ 119 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFICIAL USE Of4LY Ca r d ln a l dlth Qr r rs drug deve IClPllVBnl ic s in the ' pharmaceutical nd ' bioi chnoloqy ir t IiJ st 'VL i3 H hiS · nfu m tj on · np t inV9'$ tor rafaJ 1s 3tl news ' - ' B' ' W' 'M has ons MjprX ttit 9 het haa lth - _1 t Cbr 1tJo1 ' t- '@ a t h ve r t h in ' ' T - ul t irmt rpul''f lIj$ to h p · mt c i1$ lcllmsr ibH1H- C ' ' ifi 2ht1 I · E c c ai He llllh Arizotlil 0 lra rHls N e 'l Car nals C iH I nai Bird LouisvjU · ' q ar dina 5 1 J n 1 F tn ss Ca dii1 ll l ll ru re s l J £ ii O 'if' ' fjJrll1 dct rdian filez Wn e 'i f lJ nd ' r d ' Graft PtcidUj '1 ' G Qt iih jI ar ds 'io m· G r m n J t» ' lrgJMLIi' J l t ' L l Lo J YJ1 1 1J' Lti 0llli Card h l Hll' il l'l i t e· e id I1 9 provid91 of j r dWC lS 9 vif 'e dndt' t hnoll lgie s'JPPOrtir g the h Ql tli ' Ni r iflij ilt Cardl ol M ilil Garillllill H l jh Il 1S'quietly tr ar sfortred its€ tf rroft theAastest n • p• tjCf Utlul c o if er lwtl' ijnri ij a p t- a t ' f jUte Gar ginai · F·· · Looki 9 ror Cortll I' 'Find h 1'0 ' I l today ex c ti'l W' '1 · etJa UOm A i 1'cil 'l Cllt dlt $ ShOll Gre l Aii Qr a caid jilai Gifi elYMfr fam ln id i1 www tJp t1J# llf ' 3 UO eCi J A B The title of the webpage found an excerpt from the webpage with the search terms balded the uri of the webpage C Cached page links to a copy of the page as saved by the Live Search engine Live Search shows the last date the page was examined by its spider search terms are not highlighted on the cached page Important Note the cached copy of Microsoft file types are safe to view 0 Additional results from the same site clicking on Show more results from will bring up the pages from that site that match the keyword s E Related Searches offer options either for similar terms or terms with multiple meanings e g cardinal F Sponsored Sites are paid results 120 Type of results web image etc the number of resulting pages and estimated total number of results UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDf 'FOR OFFIGI o b USIi O LY Live Basic Search http www live com Live Search has changed little about its basic search internals in terms of how it handles queries and the number of basic search options Live Search assumes as its default that multiple search terms are joined by the AND operator so that a search on the keywords windows explorer will find all the webpages that contain both search terms Live Search recognizes double quotes as enclosing a phrase Live Search will not return any results if there is no webpage containing all the search terms Try this query to see what I mean rollerskate handshake specktioneer Unlike Google Live Search does not limit the number of search terms to 10 keywords Live will try to match all the keywords you enter Live Search is not case sensitive Live Search does not offer any word stemming or truncation i e searching for variations of search terms A search for child will not find children Live Search automatically clusters search results If you want to see more pages from a specific site simply select the link following the uri of the result Live permits the use of nested boolean queries in simple search The operators must be capitalized Live Search will run nested boolean queries those using parentheses such as cardinals AND st louis OR arizona NOT bird OR catholic Live Search will ignore stop words i e commonplace words if the query contains non-stop words the query to be or not to be will only search for the term not However you can search on any single letter or number by itself e g 1 You can also force Live Search to look for stop words either by enclosing the query in double quotes to be or not to be or by placing a plus sign in front of the stop word e g 1 number or to be or not Otherwise it is unnecessary to use the plus sign with any terms because by default Live Search searches for all keywords However many times searchers need to exclude certain terms that are commonly associated with a keyword but irrelevant to their search That's where the minus sign - comes in Using the minus sign in front of a keyword ensures that Live Search excludes that term from the search For example the results for the search pearl harbor -movie are very different from the UNCLASSIFIEDII OR Qj j IGIAL SE ONLY 121 DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDIJIRQR QlRlRlSIAb 1 J8E QNbY results for pearl harbor You may use the boolean operator NOT instead of the minus sign Live Search interprets the ampersand as a space so these searches are virtually identical at t at t at t Also while Live Search will not actually search on a plus sign the search engine will search for c although it does not recognize c Live Search Advanced Search Thus far while Live Search added more advanced search options it still falls behind Yahoo and Google in the number and type of advanced search options it offers Nonetheless Live Search has several advanced search features that are accessible by clicking on the Advanced link which opens a small window that used to be labeled Search Builder in MSN Search and is still called that on the Help pages The advanced search options may also be employed directly by using the correct syntax in the query box Live Search's web search help is accessible from a link on the Live Search home page but I prefer the old MSN Search which is still available and at this point still accurate Windows Live Search Help http search msn com docs help aspx Live Search now offers as many languages in which users may search as Yahoo and Google Using either the language preference settings or the advanced search window users can select from nearly 40 languages in which to search and see results There are three ways to specify a search language 1 in the Advanced search window select Language then pull down and click on a specific language 2 type your search terms into the search box and then add language followed immediately by the two-character language code For example to search only for sites in French languageJr keyword 3 a more permanent change would be to go to the Options page and change your primary search language Live Search does not distinguish words using diacritical marks such as accents or umlauts Live Search finds terms matching those with and without the diacritic The term facade finds facade and facade and vice versa Live Search offers several special search terms to restrict searches and make them more effective 122 UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFICIAL 1 J8E Q JbY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFQR QFFICIAtL b1SE QNLY site domain restricts results to a specific website or domain including a specific top-level domain Can be used with or without keywords Advanced Search SitelDomain returns results from specific domains com gov dell com a country digraph etc Examples of how to use the site command site amazon com finds www amazon com auction amazon com www amazon com dvd However it will not find www amazon com br books -site amazon com finds pages containing the keyword books that are not at any amazon com website site ir finds all the pages from the Iranian ir top-level domain indexed by Live Search country region on the Advanced menu it is identical to the site domain search for a country digraph However if you do not know a country's top-level domain you can use the Country Region pull-down menu to select the country and Live Search will automatically enter the correct country digraph for you language restricts results to pages in a specific language Users must specify a language using the two-letter code or use Advanced Search Can be used with or without additional keywords Advanced Search Language uses pull-down menu to select languages Examples of how to use the language command Ianguage ro restricts results to sites written in Romanian Ianguage es domain mx mexico restricts results to sites written in Spanish in the Mexican top-level domain that contain the term mexico uri unlike Google's uri query Live's uri query checks to see if the domain or web address is in the Live Search index This query is not really intended to be used with other search terms Examples of how to use the uri command url nasa gov or url education jpl nasa gov will check to see if a site is indexed by Live Search inurl restricts results to pages that contain search terms within the uri of a site Multiple terms can be used but all must appear in the uri this query is similar to Google's allinurl query Examples of how to use the inurl command UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 123 DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFl6IAL 1 J5E ONLY inurl microsoft finds all pages containing microsoft anywhere in the uri inurl microsoft downloads finds all pages containing both the terms microsoft and downloads anywhere in the uri inbody restricts results to pages containing search term s in the body of a webpage Can be used with or without other search terms Example of how to use the inbody command inbody amazon -inurl amazon finds all pages containing the term amazon anywhere in the body text of a webpage but which do not contain the term amazon in the uri of the page intitle restricts results to pages containing search term s in the webpage's title Can be used with or without other search terms Examples of how to use the intitle command intitle amazon inbody brazil will find pages that contain amazon in the title of the webpage and brazil in the body text of the webpage contains restricts results to pages that have links to specific the file type s Can be used with or without other search terms Examples of how to the contains command music contains mp3 finds webpages that contain links to MP3 files and have the keyword music in them final report contains pdf finds webpages that contain links to PDF files that have the phrase final report in them link Restricts results to pages containing links to a specific urI Can be used with or without additional keywords Advanced Search Links to returns results for pages that currently link to a specific urI Examples of how to use the link command Iink jpl nasa gov finds all pages containing links to the specific domain jpl nasa gov Iink jpl nasa gov asteroid finds all pages containing links to any page in the jpl nasa gov domain and the keyword asteroid anywhere on the linking webpage 124 UNCLA55IFIEDtJ QR QFFlCIAL 1 J5E ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l ISE ONLY Iinkdomain Restricts results to pages that link to any page within the specified domain This is a broader search than the link query You can use this option to determine how many links there are to a specific page from sites indexed by Live Search Can be used with or without additional keywords Examples of how to use linkdomain linkdomain jpl nasa gov finds all pages containing links to any page at jpl nasa gov including echo jpl nasa gov voyager jpl nasa gov etc Iinkdomain jpl nasa gov cassini finds all pages containing links to any page at jpl nasa gov and that also include the term cassini at the linking website star Iinkdomain jpl nasa gov -site jpl nasa gov will find all pages containing links to any page at jpl nasa gov from sites other than jpl nasa gov this eliminates internal links from the overall results linkfromdomain Restricts results to pages that are linked from the specified domain This query only works with second-level domains e g domain com You can use this option to determine how many links there are from a specific page Can be used with or without additional keywords Examples of how to use linkfromdomain Iinkfromdomain nasa gov finds all the pages the nasa gov domain links to i e links from nasa gov to site x Iinkfromdomain nasa gov standards finds all pages the nasa gov domain links to that contain the term standards on their webpage i e links from nasa gov to site x where site x contains the keyword standards Results ranking allows users to emphasize different factors to get a different set of results for the same search 1 Type your search terms into the search text box and then click Advanced Search 2 Select Results ranking and then move the equalizer slider s in the direction you want Live Search Help explains Results ranking in this way You can put emphasis on different factors to get a different set of results for the same search The sliders control • Updated recently To modify your search to add emphasis to sites that have been recently added to the search index move the left slider up UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 125 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUj OR Q ICI A b USi eNb¥ • Very popular To add emphasis to sites by the number of other sites that link to them move the middle slider up • Approximate match To put the most emphasis on the match between your exact search words and your results move the right slider down Notes • Approximate match overrides the first two slider rankings • Results ranking applies to web searches only It is easier to visualize how to use results ranking by looking at an example In this case the search on saudi arabia has been reranked to emphasize pages that have been recently updated frsh 1 DO means the freshness ranking of these pages is 100 or the most recently updated pages in the Live Search database saudi aral 18 Hrsh l SearcJ-l terms updated rewntly Site Dornain Lrnks to ing Appro imace m atch I Country R egion Language ¥ esul ts rank om Verv pODLJlar Static Less pop ular Slide the bars to weioJht the e factors Exact match c' ' ' filetype restricts results to a specific filetype Can be used with or without additional keywords The file types Live Search will search for include the major Microsoft file types and a few others Microsoft Excel xis Microsoft PowerPoint ppt Microsoft Word doc Portable Document Format pdf Rich Text Format rtf Text txt Examples of how to use the filetype command 126 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL I JSi e 'bY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlGlAL USE ONLY filetype doc domain nasa gov finds all Word files at the NASA domain in Word format filetype xls financial data finds all Excel spreadsheets that contain the phrase financial data Live Search does offer safe previewing of non-HTML file types and this is especially useful for Microsoft file types such as Word documents and PowerPoint slides In order to access the safe HTML versions users must select the Cached page on the results page GUldetine £ roc d ReVised Prom-ern R po rt G liid elin $ fer P repar i n e P avi sed Progrdffi e p or1 if Spring '1001 Il l 2visad Prog ram k Hp ort O O'ilS net r equire t nE submission of all c ompon en ts of th e c riogin al report ''It · r c l't orQ doctlJnetlJ s p rog r a l'1Re vi a WI · 1 1 1 D_iQJlft • DO' Wi'S I Gttw Iin -esRev i ssd Pp gratnR u port d oc e ffi E Q ttc mp J i l Can be used with or without additional keywords Examples of how to use the ip command ip 66 218 77 68 finds all the sites on this specific host computer ip 66 218 77 68 computer security finds all the sites on this specific host computer containing the phrase computer security 1r fi rjlmtl ltdlmMP IJ l It limits searches to text within a feed Feeds are specially formatted brief descriptions of content with a link to the full version of that content RSS and the competing Atom feeds are in XML format These feeds are usually used for syndicating web content such as blogs and news The feed command only searches the text of the feed which is often a very condensed description of the full web content Example of how to use the feed command feed trojan horse Each of the results represents an XML feed that includes the phrase trojan horse There is no point in clicking on the link in a browser because that brings UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlGlAL USE ONLY 127 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY up the XML page that most browsers are not designed to parse The cached copy shows the search terms as they appeared in the feed hasfeed shows the pages that offer feed links and if you add a keyword something I'm pretty sure Live intended you to do the pages with feed links and that also have that keyword somewhere on the page Examples of how to use the hasfeed command hasfeed trojan horses The results are webpages that offer news feeds and contain the phrase trojan horses on the webpage This does not guarantee however that the news feed will be about Trojan horses but the chances are good that if you are looking for sites with newsfeeds about this topic you can find them using this query hasfeed encryption site microsoft com 1 This query should find the pages at the Microsoft website with feeds about encryption What this query actually finds are pages at the Microsoft site that contain both XML feeds and the word encryption in the text so a little research will reveal which of these Microsoft newsfeeds are the most appropriate to the topic of encryption This command is listed at the Live com but is not working properly inanchor restricts results to pages containing search term s in the webpage anchor Live Search Special Features Spell Checker Live Search has a very good spell check option When you input a query Live checks to see if you are using the most common spelling of the keyword If not just like Google Live nicely asks Were you looking for x where x is the most common spelling The Live Search dictionary also includes some proper names Dictionary Definitions as with Google and Yahoo Live Search offers the define option To use it type define then a word or brief phrase e g define king cobra Live's define option is more limited than some others because it only refers to Encarta Encarta Microsoft's encyclopedia and general reference source Encarta provides answers to questions and facts about a topic Users can type questions and sometimes get direct answers to them by simply entering a question and clicking on Search Live Search does a much better job of correctly answering questions than MSN Search did unlike its predecessor it correctly identified Chirac as the 128 UNCLASSIFIEOJlj OR OJ j ICIAI USE ONI ¥ DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE Or4LY French president Live Search can also directly answer certain specific questions such as how tall is the empire state building Ne l Y -ld rtl' SOuVe u 5 t yC Qifts 'and 5otivel ts 'such as 'LOV9 N'i ' ON NYPCt nd mere O 1 sale 8mi i r Jits §1l11flJ tlgIJ' l 1Y YQf J 'th @1 ed § t 1§2 h lg ht 38 1 m L2S0 ft liK ti i'4l Neu ot e' wavs to S V Gn·hotet neiW Empi re l1 tnt'l nUihfiiJg Nciw V rk W·w pt iti in L · t rn Live Search no longer has the Encarta option that used to exist on MSN Search For now the easiest way I have found to invoke Encarta from Live Search and to take advantage of the Encarta Free Pass is to limit your search to Encarta using the site syntax e g site encarta msn com keyword This will give you two hours of free Encarta research Measurement Conversions Live Search uses Encarta Answers to convert distance weight time volume and temperature The conversions may be stated as questions e g how many seconds in a year or as a simple phrase RSS Results when added to the end of any search result the format rss parameter will provide users those search results via RSS When you subscribe to this RSS feed from Live Search you'll get the top ten search results for this query delivered to your RSS Reader or personalized site You can subscribe to any number of RSS feeds of Live Search results and view them all in your RSS Reader without re-running your search queries To use this option first search for your terms e g tsunami relief On the results' page add format rss to the end of the uri in the address bar and hit return http search live com results aspx q tsunami mkt enUS form QBRE go x O go y O go Search format rss UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 129 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlIP'QR OFFICIAll ISE ONLY The resulting page will look something like this from here follow the instructions on the webpage f S $ F e l l fcir·Mstj Tr1 s is-me Rss leed fOryoii f $l 3rCh W11fl '1 you sUllsct1lJe to TniS Rss reed Irpm'MSNsearch yOU'5lJer the lllP t searcn resiJrts lor thiS qiletY oeltvered to yOur RSS Reaoero r ilersomillzed e Yatic an i i itiscnileto' all' ' number Or'RSS reecs of MSNSea Ch results ano Ilie Y lhem aill ' your RSSReaoer w mout r e nin l yoursearcn querl e s ff you WOull like tcteern more SOOt t RSS ana how To'uS' It sit our help topic cn the sUlIject MSN8eaJ'ch RSSFeeds You can SUb ClillC 1MIllS leeo tly COpying lhe Uri aM pasnrJg It Into your RSS·reaoer http ' QarC hJI Yf CDm 1lO rUUlts i$plC q t$UMml torm rS S FOR RE Oi ff you alre l Y use one of tnese reeders you can sUll libe OOtn jusr oneTUCk p l r 1 Panhc T2tlriaml'Mi J$su r 4omEiV i jr2 'it i jW'¥N Ilil lliiol ri Mtlseumlo llromOnrpll icMuCatiOn llJOut-t$iJf linfli$ tOr the pe1lple Of·rne'Patjfje Reg10frThemuseum y 1Il al$O llre-se N e SOC' I al1 J cU1uJrai hlst iri an1j se e as 3 IMng-memonaIt O l os'e 110 lost tlUlk i' S'J bE fl2 OIJ IJF ' tsuriami gcv h lllsI1MmLSiwt ' i i# D6 1 i J I OUV C Tsunami - Wih1po dia he freB encvclDpedia t ii n '' ik j a ii ii i 'T illi 3mi 'ooru A iSUlllll li pr9nunri'atioo'tsv'l o lV D ' ts f nll mil J ls a seriesor Viaves· nen s qf walel such as an ocean e lapi12tydisfllaced on a maSSNe SUIte Earthqua mass'mO' emenlS'3trove or ' E L UJ J OO f Ji £ Q4--l l o § R i 1i l l 'i ·· V §I t''2' lr t' ''£ xQto'pe jia bt p t rtwil ip@dfg f A rr2004Jrl _ OctJal1 l Jth rr rjki The' Ols3ster ls I nO'iIl1in A fa and inme internatiomil meola 3s the Asian Tsunami and alw cal ea the Blll ing Day Tsunami in Australia Can ada ri-te # Zealand Ihe Vr ilell Ki g lom as itJO lK'p1aCe Jn if S C£13 l'3 oo v I ' WelCome to Tsunami ii p lfW1 7 mtl O 1 utlamil Weli ome io-r s'unamll Tsunami is nos aI1Cl maintained a ttne ltruvers ityof Wasningloo ythe Oepartl'llenl qf Ea rth and Space Sciences This wellsile is declicated to proviqlng geni'raJ _ ' 21-SlJ eu1 3 5 uD lire Number Search Live Search offers many types of number searches including UPS tracking enter the UPS tracking number 1 Z9999X99999999 or ups 1Z9999X99999999 USPS tracking enter the tracking number or USPS plus the tracking number with or without spaces usps 9999999999999999999999 FedEx tracking enter the tracking number or FEDEX plus the tracking number fedex 9999999999999999 DHL and Airborne Express tracking enter DHL plus the tracking number DHL 9999999999 a DHL tracking search must include DHL in the query ISBN enter any International Standard Book Number or isbn 9999999999 130 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY Calculator Live Search uses the Encarta Calculator and Equation Solver to perform mathematical functions using operators exponents and roots factorials modulo percentages logarithms trig functions and mathematical constants The Encarta calculator appears to be the most sophisticated of all those offered by major search engines because it will even solve complex algebraic equations such as 4x A3- 2x 9 O The Live Search calculator uses the following symbols Add Subtract - Multiply Divide I Raise a number to an exponent For example 3 A2 is 3 squared A Specify the order of operation Find a percent of a number % of Find the square root of a number sqrt Find the sine of an angle sin Find the cosine of an angle cos Find the cosine of an angle http search world msn com docs help aspx t SEARCHPROCFindFactsNStatistics htm UNCLASSIFIEDlIFOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY 131 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUIRQR QlRlRlCIAb Uil Q lb¥ Live Search Services' Images the Live Search image database is no longer Picsearch Instead Live Image Search uses Microsoft's own proprietary image database Images are displayed as thumbnails small versions of the original images and the user can resize the thumbnails either using the slider or the dropdown all image size menu One of the other changes to image search is the addition of a Scratchpad which lets users drag and drop images onto a collection of images on the right-hand size of the screen At this time you do not have to have an account with Live in order to retrieve your image collections they are retrieved based upon a cookie set by Live When you mouse over an image it zooms toa slightly larger size and moves toward the center and a box appears that shows the image source and size and a link to the page where the image resides If you click on the link the linked page appears on the right with a show image in the top left corner At present there are no advanced search options for images _ • M •• •_ • • _ _ •• • •_ •• • _ • • • • • • • • ••• ••• 7 '· -Q- li I ······ · ··c ••• ••· · _ l • _ '_ _ I rw · ' ·P - It - ' t _T htt -lJ ww•• otj t-J w c_ r b bto a d iI'H t s I J ll i _ dl IW J 1 l a '11Ut 'st t- • 1 ' lW MIf l -f t' ' f1 l W t1 '1 i i _i ' J ' _ '''''2 '' fl l -ab - Lh c i JJIlnl rt rfH ' '''1 1 i l qit diM jl ti i ' 1 1jo 'i §o ' j J'il Jt' 1 iittt' ih J ' l to P' P 'I ' j 0t Eat b l i ·' ' t · I ' 1 Iw W te v · H' I J t '''' 1t tt Qlt ill nt I H $ 61'd J 8t 2 lt t iC ar 1l't' h I M r t h · -'- d i _'4_i ' ' II _ 1 'l ' fJ- b ·Y Vl· ' ' ' ' ' r ' ' t j V I b'r tl E f' ' - · n r ft l ri tpW ' l h1 ·m l' e e J j 'i' bt i mot m -t t$o 1 '#¥ ' a ft l Ii 1' d11 '' 't ' · t l - ·1 J 1 C j Vid Also when you search for a famous person using Live image search look for the Related People window to appear on the right side of the screen This can be an 132 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY extremely useful tool in finding relationships between people in the news or historical figures The Live image search respects some but not all of the web search syntax and some of it is not really very useful for image search site domain restricts results to images from a specific website or domain including a specific top-level domain com gov dell com a country digraph etc May be used with or without keywords Examples of how to use the site command in image search site amazon com twelfth night finds images of twelfth night that are from amazon com note that the images from amazon com may reside on another website amazon com is in the image's uri site ir finds all the image pages from the Iranian ir top-level domain indexed by Live Search inurl restricts results to images that contain the term in the uri of the image itself Can be used with or without other search terms Examples of how to use the inurl command in image search inurl amazon rain forest finds all pages containing amazon in the uri of the image and rain forest anywhere on the webpage intitle restricts results to images that appear on pages containing search term s in the title of the webpage Can be used with or without other search terms Examples of how to use the intitle command in image search intitle amazon brazil will find pages that contain amazon in the title of the webpage and brazil anywhere on the webpage intitle amazon inurl brazil will find pages that contain amazon in the title of the webpage and brazil in the image's urI Video Search Live video search is clearly trying to be competitive in the video search market In October Microsoft announced a new partnership with Blinkx to power its video search This looks like a very good move for Microsoft Blinkx already powers video search on sites ranging from AOL to ITN Lycos and Times Online It also indexes video from the likes of BCC Fox MTV Sky News Reuters and YouTube and makes and makes videos on those sites searchable on Blinkx or partner sites To date the company has indexed more than six million hours of audio video and TV programming to make it searchable ' However as of this writing the Live video search has not yet been updated to reflect this partnership 55 Eric Auchard Blinkx Signs Microsoft Pact Reuters via Yahoo 9 October 2006 http news yahoo com s nm 20061009 wr nm media blinkx de 3 17 October 2006 UNCLASSIFIEOJlj QR Qj j ISIAb SE Q Jb¥ 133 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEO FOR OFFlClI b I8E QNb¥ As of now the Live video search results include a thumbnail image from the video with the title source length and format All videos are viewed at the originating site as shown below with the Newsweek On Air interview with Iranian President Ahmadinejad - fi iii Mti'w m· Af iii6 ' f d '''-'-'-'''''-'''' '' ''' -' '''''''--i C2T 2liii6 NEWSW E'f ·S L illy Yjev Ol iih·'a r aihWj ighacjda author -of rom_ the Terrori t' ' Poirtt -ofv iaw Praeg ir-Security N1T tlS9j'lfrNt'1 l Ai Y tnli '1 hH ' I-Mm h t trar s P 9s''' nt s lid his coui' try is wiillhg o di cms Ii wsp ension of uranium enric me'll 9 2006 Reuters it ' nk lIll1l1 t rl'J 'f n4' 'Hr You can use some of the web search syntax for video search Note the difference between these two searches site reuters com iran reuters iran The first query returns only those videos on Iran from the Reuters website the second query returns queries from any site that includes the keywords reuters and iran We will have to wait and see how these query options change once the results come from Blinkx News Search as of now the Live news search is only a list of stories listed by relevance MSN Newsbot http newsbot msnbc msn com remains Microsoft's premier news page However if you want to search for news stories MSN Newsbot takes you directly to the new Live news search Most of the web search commands work for news search Especially useful is the site domain syntax which lets users limit a news query to a specific source 134 UNCLASSIFIEOHFQR QFFISIAb I8E QNbV DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY site washingtonpost com iran finds pages at the Washington Post website that contain the keyword iran One big drawback of the Live news search is its inability to list the results by date Feed Search Beta This search is virtually identical to the feed websearch It limits searches to text within a feed Feeds are specially formatted brief descriptions of content with a link to the full version of that content RSS and the competing Atom feeds are in XML format These feeds are usually used for syndicating web content such as blogs and news The feed search only searches the text of the feed which is often a very condensed description of the full web content Example of how to use the feed command feed trojan horse Each of the results represents an XML feed that includes the phrase trojan horse There is no point in clicking on the link in a browser because that brings up the XML page that most browsers are not designed to parse The cached copy shows the search terms as they appeared in the feed Live Book Search beta Microsoft added its own proprietary book search in late 2006 Details are in the Book Search section below Academic Beta Microsoft introduced Academic Search Beta for scholarly search earlier this year and it is now also a Live search option Academic search still has a separate website at the Windows Academic Live Beta Homepage Clearly Academic search is intended to compete with Google Scholar and other scholarly search sites Unlike Google Scholar Academic search focuses on computer science physics medical and electrical engineering publications As with Amazon and Google Scholar Academic search has partnered with the Online Computer Library Center OClC OCLC's involvement in Windows Live Academic is part of the Open WorldCat Find in a Library program S6 and also provides metadata from World Cat to Academic search to give researchers access to the resources in library collections around the world As with almost anything Academic search has good features and weaknesses Here is a snapshot of the first page of results on the search neural network When you execute a query you will be presented with an interface that looks like this One of the first things you notice is the split screen which I actually like World Cat live in Windows Live Academic search tool OCLC Newsletter Issue 2 2006 http www oclc orq nextspace 002 updates htm 17 October 2006 56 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE Of4L¥ 135 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHF6R 6FFIeiAL l JSE er4LY nov fuzzy neural network Ih gull neura l l1 jt1'lorll 1 th Jt Jj had 'i rsiot' i Ru ro u i I W tlFen'J iJ Yi b1 oQ Zh ¢ l r a FEit f Nt-' lJrlll N't' tt J9nc 'Th 'i 'J1J Nt ur ' ·Nrl VJi' ri f i l ftg RD j Z a 'yt M £$ I 'l Wll $t'l r J 5dxi OJ·COi flfNlt t SciiH t im l '1 ki¢' Nlt f' ' l1 6t tjnl' e r1 iitr f vITvitH t L ill J l1 iiqem i H2§K trading l £i'ii1 n 2 ' J L i1temJ J - li911sh@ j lersiol1 2001 j K'J ' J rcp · M l ll q L l i ·N e o -a1 d Q rl b as d f n 1fJ -r g itr l an ldcciskln S'y tem iEeE'T w 'l' i' ' D i z Wi n 13 0- 1 36 Ah'tr ¢t · IN f E0· Ab w I ·C« 1 O r c DW rt t ' thS· N t i Mf T y On the left you see the results on the right-hand side of the screen is more detailed information that appears automatically as you click on different results You have the option to view the abstract or properly formatted citations 1 Slider bar This allows you to expand or contract the amount of information contained in the search result 2 Preview pane This pane allows you to obtain more information on the result that you are hovering over with your mouse on the results pane 3 Abstract one of the options in the preview pane - choosing this option will allow you to see the abstract of the article that you are hovering over with your mouse on the results pane 4 BibTeXlRefWorks EndNote citation options in the preview pane choosing one of these options will allow you to see the formatted citation BibTeX RefWorks or EndNote format on the preview pane for the search result that you are hovering over with your mouse on the results pane BibTeX RefWorks and EndNote are different formats that allow users to create citations automatically The EndNote RIS 136 UNCLASSIFIEDlIFQR 8FFl61 lltL USE eNLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelAL tJSE ONLY format is compatible with EndNote Reference Manager and ProCite programs 5 Search result the actual search result this includes links to the full text of the paper link to search the web for that paper and potentially links that allow you to search your library for access to the full text from their subscription 6 Sort by options allows you to sort the search results by relevance default oldest or newest date author of paper journal or conference The best things about Academic search are a list of journals it searches something Google Scholar sorely needs still the list is too general for example IEEE Computer Society encompasses a huge number of journals and publications http academic live com AcademicJournals htm the preview pane is a good idea-no need to open new windows the slider to view more or less information the ability to extract citations if you need to cite the information this is a big benefit the find it in a library near you search worldcatlibraries keyword Academic search needs to improve lack of citation search everyone seems to agree this is the biggest problem that simply must be rectified no advanced search may come later not enough content Edit Macros http search live com macros default aspx This new feature allows users to create their own search engine so to speak Of course you are not really making a new search engine In fact what you are really doing with a basic macros' search is automatically generating a site search A basic macros search for north korea nuclear test on CNN Reuters and USA Today is equivalent to north korea nuclear test site www cnn com OR site www reuters com OR site www usatoday com The advantage of the macros is that they are much simpler to create especially if you want to search 30 sites and you can easily save and retrieve your macros but you must sign in to Live com in order to save and retrieve your macros UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFl61AL l JSE ONLY 137 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDU gRg IGIAb Jii Find Macros gNb¥ http gaHery live com default aspx I 4 Using other people's macros may be a much more fruitful activity Microsoft has created a special page at its Gallery website to help users find already existing macros to add to a Live search page The macros are by type top categories top downloads and what's new as well as new macros highlighted at the top of the page Users can add any macros to their Live Search homepage by clicking on the Add to Live com button However be careful As of now the only way to remove delete a macro that you have added to Live com in your browser is to delete the browser's cookies Microsoft this needs to be fixed Also if you try to add an uncertified macro to Live com you will get this ''This third-party application could include code that is unsafe While the danger from these simple macros is probably very small to non-existent this message does not exactly instill confidence so caveat quaesitor Now M ¢i Releilses II w _M l ' I '1 1 Given the newness of Live Macros there are not very many to choose from yet however I expect to see this list grow and there are already some useful macros such as the reference macros Here is the reference macro added to the Live Search main menu with the results from querying the reference macro only 138 UNClASSIFIEDUFOR OFFlelAL tis ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL JSE ONLY Have E'iery Uraniurn' 235 nin gt6 ne tWt Them ·'NOW a h kiI 1m ggh t 'r ¥'lt tV Urt¥t mJl 'f'J-1S- rrnwtofIR4R%t'itl4 94m Utw i tirf 1'3$ S years # W j z'fm Mr $ bxHnflQpicitft z rh V'n ' 9 0Jk4 nt Yt 'm'toh m 235 ihe' mCI ' U p fro the ple jtilul ai$o · 'O$I t re ' i ' i ll'@ % r qm·'''34 h lj'C if % y$'an J 'f -t- ' I f H yqlqp a 9qrnf Oo-c ¥' 1 uri flhJm nklTII DMh 1' 4 Y 4 k1 nall raj ' ' Jrrin nuc t af th $icn fuel but ttt S isotopg i5 b lancfi It tr IC1SUy ij ilh irll- 2 38 Wlt · hibVI0b m ' V ·V M18'O lli '4 l' 'cm ' t i10Ml d u D Q I believe there are too many results from Wikipedia in the reference search but you can easily eliminate the Wikipedia results by adding -site wikipedia org to any query conversely you could limit your search to Wikipedia by adding site wikipedia org to your query Live Search Macros are only the latest in a number of create your own search engine options all of which are variations on complex queries of already existing search engines For comparison see the section on Custom Search Engines below QnA Live Search's new QnA question and answer search is mostly fluff at least for now You can look at the questions and responses to see what I mean typical questions How can i get my Space Cadet Pinball that was preinstalled in Windows XP back in Windows Vista Do you think the Internet is contributing to 'Intellectual Laziness' Lots of opinion not a lot of fact Let us hope this is not all that Web 2 0 portends Live Platform In September 2005 Microsoft announced it would begin offering APls for Live Search Virtual Earth Spaces weblogs Messenger Gadgets and Expo classified ads database These have begun to rival Google in terms of innovation UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL Jsr ONLY 139 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL b1SE ONLY and shared technology To keep abreast of these changes I recommend the MSN Developer Center MSN Developer Center's Windows Live Platform and Services for Web Mashups http msdn microsoft com live default aspx Microsoft subsequently opened Windows Live Dev Beta a one-stop shop for the Windows Live Platform including information on getting started with Windows Live services latest documentation and APls samples access to community areas and relevant blogs and announcements of future releases and lnnovatlons r' Microsoft is trying to make it easy for users to integrate their products with Live regardless of platform browser or language Certainly the first two are a departure for Microsoft which in the past had made the requirement of a Windows platform and an Internet Explorer browser a necessity in most cases in order to play ball with the software giant A further example of Microsoft's reluctant openness is the fact that Microsoft's Internet Explorer 7 browser will not default to Live Search something other search engines had objected to Windows Live Dev Beta http dev live com Microsoft is working very hard to improve and expand its search properties so much so that at times one feels as if we can see them working under the hood as we watch Clearly there are many things that need improvement and many things that are very good about Live com It will continue to be one of the top search sites on the Internet If you are interested in keeping up with news about and changes to Live Search there is a blog devoted to it the blog offers RSS and Atom syndication Also all the Windows Live Beta projects are accessible through one webpage if you want to see what Microsoft is planning http ideas live com Windows Live Ideas Beta Live Search Weblog http blogs msdn com livesearch Windows Live Dev Live Dev News 8 June 2006 http dev live com blogs devlive archive 2006 05 19 15 aspx 17 October 2006 57 140 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelJllL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFlebllL I JSE er L¥ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gigablast The Gigablast search engine which has been around since 2002 is still not quite in the same league as powerhouses Google Yahoo and Live Search but it is well on its way to becoming one of the best search engines That's something of a surprise given Gigablast's humble origins and unique status among major search engines In case you're not familiar with Gigablast it is different from its major competitors most notably because it is still owned and largely run by the guy who first wrote its C code in 2000 Matt Wells is still the very hands-on proprietor of Gigablast Its database now indexes over 2 billion pages up from 650 million in late 2004 While this falls short of the size of the Google Yahoo and Live Search databases it's not bad especially considering a lot of the stuff' in those databases is dross and the numbers are not verified independently How does Gigablast stack up to the big boys Gigablast has some very nice features some of which are unique to it such as the IP range search something AlltheWeb once offered http www gigablast com Gigablast Strengths simple interface cached copies with date indexed archived copies cached copies of webpages without images stripped links to Internet Archives older copies clusters results by default can be turned off no limit on number of search terms file types indexed include Microsoft Word Excel and PowerPoint as well as PDF PostScript HTML and text syntax is o o o o o o o type pdf for Adobe Acrobat PDFs type doc for Microsoft Word documents type ppt for PowerPoint presentations type xls for Excel spreadsheets type ps for PostScript files type text for ASCII text files type html for HTML Web pages UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL tiS Orc lL f 141 4046925 D OClD g jb¥ UNCLASSIFIEONFQR QFFIGIAb lSi lT Gigablast adds the ability unique as far as I know to search on an IP address range ip 216 239 41 will find all IP addresses that begin with 216 239 41 This query finds all the sites in the Gigablast database that begin with the IP address 66 218 77 Results l to 10 of about 70 997 forip 66 218 n Yahoo G e0Cities Y s U'epli mB$ i i 'tt lX 0fnt9b NI vi m m j f tr$It' 'f a 1jS'l' 33 1k· arcniliedcomJ lsttlrlPl'ii J - lrilde r conies ··indexed J ul 26 2005 modified 'J uI U 2005 RaceSr6 j tars ' u$ 'ge0 t jltl3$ ¥i l I omtgbf$lgl1 nleh1I H I 'rmti i lllgmn· 2 3k jarchivel l'COmJ · slrlppedl q older copiesl Indexed Jill 26 2005• modlfiild IJ 28 2005 M Or l le lJItS fr m tilia silel ' This query finds all the sites in the Gigablast database residing on the specific host whose IP address is 66 218 77 68 _ _ •a • •· ' · · · • · I iP 66 _2J 7 7 68 _ _ _ • ••••_ _ _ _ _ _• _ I lI _10 N Res ulls ·1 o 10 ·0 abouI 49 1 52 fOrlp 60 218 77 68 SMScheerleading Dii$' ' i - iiol1 The' offiCiil l th eerleading page for SMS'in·Mana5 sas Virgin ia provides t YOuI jnform alion team news and contacts ' • C ilti ql1 'f ji j I rtS C t e elle ad l d '''''olJth a nd ·R m on i goo¢JIi G c'Qfnrs llbre s ehGl3 C03 CllIBMSe tlgetlii ullr ' nt01I O BK· la rehlve d ·co pj1 · ls Il1 Pped j - lolde r c o pl'i s J ind el l1d ocr 011 20OS m odified Feb 18 2005 other special syntax includes link site title and suburl which searches for webpages that have the keyword anywhere in the uri although Gigablast will ignore stop words in a long query users can search on any word or number by itself default operator is AND OR and AND NOT also work nested queries with parentheses are supported m JJ M til1 mf§ only search engine that will display the metatags in the results list but the syntax for this query is very complex Please see the Gigablast review at Search Engine Showdown for details on this type of query Meta Tag Searching and Display Gigablast is the only search engine indexing meta tags beyond just the meta description and meta keywords that some others index It is the only search engine that can also display meta 142 UNCLASSIFIEOHFQR QFFlCIAL ijSE QNLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlOhlcL SE ONLY tags in the results list Gigablast claims to be indexing all generic meta tags In addition it can display the meta tags in the results list Doing this requires adding commands to the URL of the results list At the end of the uri add a dt followed by the word s for the meta tags followed by a colon and then a number to represent how many characters from each meta tag should be displayed So for example adding dt keywords author generator description 30 will display the meta tag content for meta keywords meta author meta generator and meta description tags for any records retrieved Use a between meta tag words It seems that this generic meta tag approach excludes more complex meta tags like Dublin Core which use a syntax like DC Creator The dot syntax will not work for the display command although Gigablast does index some of the content of these tags S8 Sample Output of Meta Tag Search Reload IG http www gigablast com search'kl Z 134827 q dublin core dt kc I add string to the end of resulting uri in address DC-dot DC-dot now conforms with the Expressing Dublin Core in HTMUXHTML meta and I Now you can click on the DC-dot button wherever you are to create lublin COle m about This sel'lice will retrieve a Web page and automatically generate lublin C O I r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' metadata either as D cnt 'ti-Jr Give DC-dot a URL and see the Dublin Core it generates keywol Is DUblin Core DC generator editor VVar ' ickFramework SOIF TEl USMARC XML OILS ROADS RDF IMS genelatnr HTML Tidy see IN ' v w3 org Iesclivtion A COl based Dublin Core r iegmv Reference Lihralles I IhralY and Information Science Technicai Selvices CatalogulnQ r 'letadata· Dul1lin COle vWoNfl lkoln ac ufJmei dataiLil'cloU - 8 8k -Iarchived copyl- - older copies - indexed Oct 05 2005 - modified Dec 11 2001 Dublin Core Metadata Template When the list of Qualifiers for Dublin Core elements Is finally decided upon this template will You may include my name and email-address in a list of those using Dublin Core Additional DC Dublin Core Metadata Template This service is provided by the Nordic Metadata Projsct' in D8Se r1r tiOT from the Nordic Metadata Project Cal8qlj l Reference' Libraries' Librari and Information Science Technical Services CataloguinQ MetafJat Dublin COle 'NoNoNlub lu selcgi-bininmdc pl- 40 5k- archived copy - stripped - older copies - indexed Oct 05 2005 Dublin CorefMARC GILS Crosswalk For conversion of MARC 21 into Dublin Core many fields may be mapped into a single Dublin Core In the Dublin COle to MARC mapping two mappings are provided one for unqualified Dnblin COle The following is a crosswaik between the fifteen elements in the Dublin Core Element Set and MARC Di'2 uif t or Librarj of Congress keywOl lis MARC Dublin Core GILS crosswaik author LiiJraly of Congress 'Ietwork ueveropment ano MARC Standards Office lescliIHioll Crosswalk from Dublin Core aleg Y'I Reference Libralles LibralY and Information Science TecYlllical Selvices CataloquinQ Metada a Crosswalks icwebiot'gov malcidccross lltml- 18 6k - cllived copy - strippedj- oldel copiesl- indexed Oct 062005 - modified Dec 31 2002 clearly displays date webpage was indexed and in some cases modified search query spellchecker Did you mean option 58 Greg R Notess Review of Gigablast Searchengineshowdown 17 September 2006 http www searchengineshowdown com features qigablasUreview html 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL tJSE ONLY 143 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL USE m LY undocumented feature will search in some specific languages but I don't know how many use language de to search for webpages in German for example Weaknesses most obviously the Gigablast index is still smaller than those of Google Yahoo or Live Search no truncation is not case sensitive no wildcard limited file type searches limited language options poor documentation Gigablast Options Services Custom Topic Search Gigablast offers some special options the most important of which is a Custom Topic Search which I discuss in detail under the Custom Search Engines section below If you don't read anything else about Gigablast please take a look at this innovation Directory As with Google and Yahoo Gigablast's web directory uses the Open Directory Project's collection but Gigablast use a hypertechnology for searching the directory that allows its users to perform searches over websites not just the actual pages under any topic in the directory in effect instantly creating over 500 000 vertical search engines Additionally all directory searches are enhanced by the massive amount of link information from Gigablast's multi-billion page index So a Gigablast directory search returns not only DMOZ categories but Giga Bits and website listings as well XML Search Feed Gigablast also offers an XML Search Feed that will run up to 1000 queries per day with a maximum of ten results each But remember you must have XML parsing software to read XML feeds so this new feature isn't an option for all users XML Search Feed http www gigablast com searchfeed html Giga Bits Gigablast has its own refine option called Giga Bits Giga Bits are terms that appear in a blue box at the top of a results page to help refine and focus your search Related Pages Gigablast's Related Pages were introduced in March 2005 Related Pages are relevant search results which do not necessarily contain the searcher's 144 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOft OI 'I 'ICIAL tJSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDrfFOR OFFlOIl8cL USE Of4LY query terms Related Pages are results that are contextually related to the query terms without having a direct connection to them The Related Pages appear in the yellow box on the results page f103 Results 1 10 10 ofabout2 640 799 for··artificial GiO'18ils more I intelligence 21% ArtificiallntellJgence 26% Artificial Life 20% Olsn buted Attfictal hitel lgence Resources 2t % ArtiflciallnlelHgenCIl 30% eMIJ ArtifiCillllntelligence Repost ort 23% Mficlal Intaillaenea lalJoratort 211% CollecllOn of Computer Science 8li lllOllrO llhu35 Searcn 23% 20% JohtllllcCal1hy 21% Artificial lntell111ence Depol 20% Madem Aperoacli Reference Pilgn Related Pages hUl le 80% The Mulh-Agent Sysiems Lab 75% IEEE Computer Society 100% sigar1 aem 019 The IEEE Computer Society is one of the major international professional bodies for IT professionals American Association for Artificial Intelligence AAA Welcome to the lmencan Association Jor Allifici l' hltelligeucel Founded in 1979 the American Assocratron for AJ1nlclalllllelUgellce NIAll Is a nonprofit aims to mcrease publit underslamlinll of 1I1i1iciillillteltigellce improvetns leaching ' Nonprofit sClen1ific SOClel ' del101ed to advanCing the scientific understanding ottne mechanisms underlying l 'iOugtlt and Intelligent beha'fiol and their embOdiment in machines '' c' ' cml u el rt fica l 'nlelJ gems Assc latlcns Jun pu r 'N l 11 '1'1- ld -Hd lI J n i T ' O ldtwn 10 3k· arr hived copy · stripped · oldel copies · inde ed' Mayl 52005 - modified' Mar31 2005 MIT Corllputer SCience and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory computer Science and Arli1ici lllliteUi Jence Labaratol' About Gigablast still runs on eight desktop machines each with four 160-GB IDE hard drives two gigs of RAM and one 2 6-GHz Intel processor It can hold up to 320 million Web pages on 5 TB handle about 40 queries per second and spider about eight million pages per day Currently it serves half a million queries per day to various clients including some metasearch engines and some pay-per-c1ick engines We are not talking about a huge server farm here Interestingly despite keeping his search engine small Gigablast creator proprietor Matt Wells says I am a firm believer that bigger is better and toward that end he is hoping to get the Gigablast index up to 5 billion pages For more on Wells and Gigablast read his interview with his former boss at Infoseek in the April 2004 edition of AMC Queue A Conversation with Matt Wells Steve Kirsh of Propel Software Interviews Gigablast Designer ACM Queue vol 2 no 2 April 2004 http www acmqueue com modules php name Content pa showpaqe pid 135 15 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDJlIKOR g ICIAL l ISE ONLY 145 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED tFQR QFFlGIAL l ISE or LY Exalead The French search engine Exalead which introduced a new look in 2006 has features that make it worth special mention Exalead offers both proximity searches and truncation two options no other major search engine offers anymore In addition Exalead presents thumbnail images of websites in the results list if you want them and related search terms directory categories website locations and filetypes Exalead now claims to index more than eight billion pages Although this is far smaller than some major search engines it is a respectable number and one that is sure to increase While the new version of Exalead did away with one of its best features-the safe page preview-Exalead offers a number of other unusual or unique features designed to create a very powerful search tool Exalead refreshes its index continuously not on a schedule this is a good thing default operator is AND users may use OR Exalead does not publish a search term limit it handled some very long searches perfectly while it had trouble with others truncation proximity phonetic and true wildcard searches as of now Exalead has no sponsored links Weh Il m ges II _ _ __ ' ' _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ ' lZ hll Advanced se rc Welcome to your exalead homepage Add a Shortcut to personalize it Md Yeilow Pag88 -weather com S g rtc ut Wikipe dia Add more shortcuts - Hide edit buttons Notice the images below the query box Exalead lets users put shortcuts here by entering a title and uri for your favorite webs ites 146 UNCLASSIFIEDUFQR QFFIGI L l ISE O••LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED Jr gR gr nSIJ L l ISE OULY Exalead is in the process of updating its help pages thus far you can find various types of help at these pages Exalead http www exalead com search Exalead Refine Your Search http www exalead com searchl action kourou id 49 Exalead Advanced Search Help http www exalead com searchl action kourou id 24 Exalead Search Syntax Help http www exalead com search C definition querySyntaxReference Customizing Exalead Preferences Exalead currently offers these Search Preferences settings 1 Interface Language English French or German 2 Search language any or any combination of most languages 3 Adult content Filtering on or off 4 Display Open results and shortcuts in new window 5 Number of search results up to 100 for web and up to 60 for image 6 Number of shortcuts per row 4 up to 12 7 Display view on results page text only text and thumbnail text thumbnail and extra UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY 147 DOClD 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY The Exalead Results Page Once you have entered your search term s and clicked the Exalead search button Exalead will present you with a complex results screen Depending on the search you are running you will see some or all of the following for a Web search Prn %1i ' 1IIIIIIII _1 ti6ii_ _ lf@ i· 1 i ui·25 ii i L -i W m ' ¢ b 'jii jfif ll ia il lN $ W fuj it UklCff lW'b j' i%h # l i 1' l llji 19 iinQ''0'Q ' a QQO e WI A BPS p t S onal li g O lia lion 5 in9 Cll1Ifu jPtl ev6h1i nltilC tpe o h pifotlby COrllin I 1 E'Jrop• • lr clffions Indo·P aci fjtxJDu l Qi Phen QmenolOgl Indo F'a d kJoUl' al of Ph morntnology llle'Supemalural Anthropology Phenomeno logy ri d Iht Limil 'iono ofSciOntir e Ral e lism Cli k tiero lD aw an t ''''' i 'r i ti Auy iooa · 3k · 'l1 ' £ l E ' Dil K1OlY Edti8l1' tiM C• • ' 'M soph C'i nn 31 ' l lM£Vl I'1l ' 'Mll 1 tl m 'Ii • Merl u Po tl • E rnm '1 mc Mill tinedl fl e l ' i 1'iJ E§ § G i lallgllag 1'4k 'q ll l Xi j $ DI 'l'i Illl«t 'S ll t t o M£ 'l rp pt IO SM l'f irO' 'Eldtl ff'ilAA r- Relard ' ini f • i •· GMnlill 'H Ob clory S• • im I'CulM D i V P § ' i COflli 'ml PM fIl e lJP THEW ORlD·PHENOMENOl OGY It JSTiTUTEW ocld InSDtti for 'AdvancM • • At b lu ® • Woid Q£l I' • IDl illll Infomlation on 'pro g m p ojectsi ·publicatlori •• nte VI8 Rl O'P Ello MerIOLOGV INSll' VTE World Insliiul lo Arl nc d P h nom nolo lical Rgs r h anq lli ri g W w'I'he f i41i 1'1 y Nit 'fi 9 2006 - '3i · M Hl1 il t oir 'oty SlitI' ttM' S ' I't ilo tll t 'co ti l _ 'll f l' PlttfrO IlOl'oI lY i i 7 ·· - 1 861l1iners on PhlmomeIlOIOSlY and tie rmeneuik s Besir ing in'IOCV a 'af¢rn m ' fjjr d i i sing t h v09'k 'Qf E lm nd Hu il lhe Sem' na r 'on Plumo inenolo-gy and £1meneutic H'Seminar ijA Ph 'nOmf hO logyiinrl U' r' r 1 i · t -I rl ' h J'1' U I 1 _ If rqlJ i1 i 'pIi I' ' iI' Di Ii• • lmQ yg r eh P R 1t Q£ D tfArK sgslety'gnd C um2 ' Plt l O jn _ ' Cri hlitl i arit3f Pthlf lfOP t -'Pht m 1MUlMm1cmr A Matching Documents the best results for the query with the page title listed first Exalead clusters results showing only the best page for each website B Webpage Description a brief summary of the website C Page preview and thumbnail image The biggest disappointment of the new Exalead is that it no longer offers the safe page preview option for webpages Instead it has chosen to give a thumbnail image of the cached copy of the webpage users can click on Preview to see the cached copy complete with highlighted search terms and the date cached Fortunately Exalead does offer safe previewing of non-HTML file types and this is especially 148 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiIlO OJiJilelAL useful for Microsoft file PowerPoint slides eardl types Strat8 - Exalead l JSE 6NL such as Word documents and Fact I-'88t FACTSHEET ·EXALEADEXAI -i ADli'RUiii'jj ii Mw exaleadcoml Key features' •••••••• ' 151 FACT SHEET EXALEAD Similar pages Limit by domain site No 1000 em ill lexalead Illetype pdl u itliljmi FFF'OO fl4iiiMjijl@ 5 termsfound I Search Strategies· I filp lypepdf @£ I Full pagp 5J Exalead Fact Sheet IFACT SHEET EXALEAD EXALEAD URL httpnwww exalead corn Key features ••••••••• wildcards for stemming words pattern matching regular expressions phonetic search approximate spelling search NEAR proximity operator full Boolean search thumbnails of pages displayed in results related terms and categories displayed on the results page user specified shortcuts Smart Bookmarks to other search engines on the home page ii Search options Default search type Case sensitive WildcardiTruncation All of your words No Yes Asterisk at the end of words for example pollut Also pattern matching regular expressions for internal wildcards for example Ipsych lstl or Impg 11213 1 Phrases and proximity Phrases For example climate change NEAR operator to search for terms within sixteen words of one another Specify maximum number of words using NEARln for example climate NEARl5 change Plus sign before stop words such as the of' The plus sign can also be used to disable automatic stemming if set up by the user under preferences Minus sign - before the word for example Mandatory search terms Exclude pages containing a term Word in the URL branson -balloon mud for pages WIththe term in their URL for example inurl chocolate intitle for pages that contain the adjacent word in the tnle for example intitle chocolate link for example link rba co uk D Directory link opens the related categories folders from The Open Directory Project which are also listed to the right You can completely alter the results by selecting a different related category e g in this example continental philosophy instead of phenomenology Clicking on More choices will greatly expand the related terms and related categories lists E Add to shortcuts selecting this link will make the current site one your shortcuts that appears on the Exalead homepage F Related Terms clicking on a related term runs a new search on that term and displays a new results page with new and different related terms related categories etc Clicking on More choices will greatly expand the related terms and related categories lists UNCLASSIFIEDlIl 'OK 61 'neiAL USE OP4LY 149 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlelAL USE Ol4LY G Multimedia selecting this option causes Exalead to restrict the search to webpages that have links to audio video RSS content You can select one two or all three multimedia options If you click on RSS any feeds available at any of the sites in your results' list will become visible We b i 1 Watt h NASA Video at AC'L® vM v 3aMdeo t om · Millions of Fre Videos Movie t a ilers music 1V - free M ltime dia Audio IBI Video I i l RSS NASA - Ar es NASA's N8W Rockets G81 t' 8111i S Site Help Preferences Home NASA Home Mission Sections Exploration Spacecraft Print Credit NASA View Expanded Views ofAras-l 'A¥ ·W IlM· l gO' i n1 I i l rUla g e f e p I 0 f'lt i Q ni p a c raft r c _M rning htrnl · iJ Jul 2005 · 5k- JW n i J fJku t l lang uag es • Enylis h • Spanish l_ remo 'e emo s rommle I J' Audio file • RoalPlayer Low Ares logo256K_Stream ram · 0 3 Kb 'B Vide o ti le • 'lVind rINSHiqh Areslogo16BK_Slream wrm RSS Feed Afl S NASA's New Rotk els 7 ij illib - Matadur Records I Guided 8y Voices The Matador records we bs e for Guided by Voices the label releasing all material up to 1997 _ and sine s 2002 for Ihe b and Includes con test recording ••• 0 _ _ I 'H « e ' d o I t ' b ' AUdio file 'My ln d of Soldier gb'cmy_ki nd_ oC sol dier mp3 - 3 6 Mb B Vide file ot v ref mav- 0 2 Kb E Unoffi cial RSS Feed Matador Records H Languages limit results to a specific language I Document Type clicking on a specific file type will only return matching documents in that specific file type e g PDF TXT DOC PPT RTF and XLS remember do not open the Microsoft file types on the Internet use the page preview option in the thumbnail image to view these files J Image Search Clicking on image search will automatically run the web search against the image database 150 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFICIAL l ISE 6NLY I DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJFQR QFnSIAL b1SE ONLY Exalead Basic Search Exalead assumes as its default that multiple search terms are joined by the AND operator so that a search on the keywords windows explorer will find all the webpages that contain both search terms However unlike Google Exalead does not search first for phrases then the terms anywhere on a webpage Exalead will not return any results if there is no webpage containing all the search terms Try this query to see what I mean rollerskate handshake buckyball However remember you can use the OPT optional operator to make a term desirable but not required Unlike Google Exalead does not limit the number of search terms to 32 keywords Exalead will try to match all the keywords you enter Exalead is not case sensitive Exalead automatically clusters search results If you want to see more pages from a specific site the only way I know to do so now is to run a site search For example to see the pages at Amazon UK search for site amazon co uk Exalead permits the use of the OR operator in simple search The OR must be capitalized Exalead recognizes double-quotes as enclosing a phrase Exalead ignores certain stop words i e when searched alone or with other stop words If you include a stop word such as a an the in or be in a search Exalead searches for it If you need to search for stop words by themselves or with other stop words you must either enclose them in double-quotes or put the plus sign in front of them Compare to be or not to to be or not to be and compare fire and ice to fire and ice Using the minus sign - in front of a keyword ensures that Exalead excludes that term from the search For example the results for the search phenomenology -philosophy are very different from the results for phenomenology UNCLASSIFIEDHFQR QFFISIAL b1SE QNL¥ 151 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY Exalead Advanced Search Exalead has a unique and very appealing way of presenting advanced search features Clicking on the Advanced search link on the main page brings up a window that displays and explains the advanced search options In every case these options work in the simple search screen by using the correct syntax lead Advanced search l- We b-Search u dV3me-d S88rrh What • exact pllt' lSEl J c 'to t e or no 0 be • lnrt1iLi j n lerrn cow-mer • ' ' I rds staf1 r gwIlt e g me sag • f1 9 n ti _ P § ll 9 ' 1 Wf jM ij e » eseaa • ill Q n31€ speilinq e g JpeJlMf l a f x fjlj J • adjacenl wOlds e g s oc NE4P exctl Jge • logiC l1 f x res ion eJ $ ' O f peedj AND N iJgi l • feW tal eXpn $sinn eg 2 ea Where •IChoose country oJ •IChoose ole ngue ge J B • on a gh en sit eo s le • in lies or a aiveniormal • g o 'J ry jSA e l- rdf 1'1 lf en wif f'fdia_ Vf e n 'etype pof 1rl D_ @ 9 Ut P' g eg m i ft · o 'IC j H'eJ te • in tile ddcress Ofl 16 page e r mvrfmu iC • on l tf eS 111 11 coot3 in a liven IWrk g ink' httpPM · 11p 3k t Jrj com When • mOfjlli fj 31'ter liven datE' €' _af er 'I '2' f499 • rnodified t1 fCJrt qj 'er jate ego t-ti'fore '31 12 1999 Two features Exalead offers that have almost vanished from search elsewhere are proximity searches and truncation wildcards Exalead's proximity search uses NEAR The default setting is for terms that are within sixteen terms of each other but users can change the proximity by adding a number e g empire NEAR 5 building With the NEAR operator order is almost irrelevant as this query demonstrates A query using the name of an 18th Century French foreign minister Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau comte de Morville shows how the NEAR operator works the query comte de Morville NEAR Fleuriau NEAR Charles NEAR Jean-Baptiste finds any indexed page containing all these terms within sixteen words of each other regardless of the order in which they appear either in the query or in the text 152 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL US ONL' DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJ FOR OFFJelAL tiS Ol4LY Weh j Irnag e$ Related terms Did you mean comet de MOPJllle NEAR f leuriau NEAR Cha rl'3s NEAR · I m l MORVILL E Charles-J ean-Bapt ist e de Fleuriau d'Nmenonville comte ' 7 a8tIf m F S of Foreign Affairs' Gallery · Archives diplomatiques - Ministers des Atraires - - 1 · t 1 all MORVILLE Charl es-J ean-B pliste de Fleu riau Ii ' 'N''' di bmali • go' r iri3tch s gbMo sl rs 140mini t e gbAOIJis IS 13 htrnl - 15 Sop 2004 · 2k · ' Iti i _ _ l ' 2 r lil ean·Baptilil l Minisl' to Franee • LD Iis Michal • P i p m Henn Tout d'AuverqM l angu ag es • Enalish • FrerrLh ' - - - -' -- - Jenn Ba tl t s L 9jer Marquis _C m rs - explaQation··Guide in Q - - - Augusl 1723 Charles Jean -Baptlste Fleutl au comte de MOlVilie 16 August 1723 19 August 1727 % gli ses Bapl lstes de la RCA B p is Community of f lanat jon·gu ide j nfQ nlt an irl J eal l- Ba ptiS1f · p · 8 o 'l 1 - M a r 'Ji i · d·Ar 9 p n$ 1t rr I - 18 k - tf l ' U t i £ Minister of Foreign Jl ffairs France Facts and d'3tails from Encyclopedia subject 'Minister of ForeignAffairs France ' February 1680 28 July 1696 Jean·BapliSle Colben Exception Handler No article summary o' ne onorny com refi i isl e _cf o eign_aff i s rance 13 Mar2D1J6 · 75 - t • Also the presence or absence of parentheses does not appear to affect the NEAR · search Proximity operators can be extremely useful in finding pages with search terms that may not be in a precise order while excluding a lot of irrelevant hits Exalead supports both limited and true wildcard searching Exalead supposedly offers both automatic truncation word stemming and the wildcard which are welcome features discarded by other search engines As of now Exalead is the only major search engine to offer truncation or a wildcard On a search with two or more words stemming is supposed to be automatic However I find that the automatic truncation feature is so capricious as to be useless sometimes it works usually it doesn't In a search for child play toy Exalead does not find children plays played playing or toys However when I search on child Exalead will return pages with children highlighted as a search result The wildcard also can be used inside a search term e g kazak stan However this search will also find kazakh and kazak as well as kazakstan and kazakhstan The wildcard option is listed in the Advanced search window as words starting with but keep in mind the asterisk can be used inside words as well Exalead has a number of other interesting features For example in the advanced search window users can choose among these search method options exact UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONLY 153 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFQR OFFICIAL lISE ONI V search forbidden terms phonetic search and approximate spelling Exact search is what you would expect i e phrase searching inside double-quotes Forbidden terms is a different way of saying NOT or using the minus sign The phonetic search sounds great but I am often frustrated by it because so many websites misspell so many words Exalead is going to find those misspelled words first try geneology to see what I mean However the phonetic search successfully figured out that criptografy meant cryptography The phonetic search has genuine utility Web i Im dg8s • z •ED• • l J 9L Bg 1 1' 11iJ9D 1 ' ' i lpi9lJf arY m tmllkMi 1li View f CS851i551 Crypto graphy pplications Bistro Homepage for Cryptography Applications Bistro seminar offered during Spring 2004 at the Universny of Vi rginia CS 851 551 Cryptogr aphy Appli cations ••• Rel ated terms • PIJblic key C- r ptc9I'aphV • StrClng cr pt ' q r R llw i • Quantum cryptoqraphy lIk 'o file ' 1 onowa entrtPt ' - 21 1 Ml • AppliedGryptQfJlgphy Elliptic curves in CpOJ ogrdphy j • i B t'Q'@@i ilf1 1 jl 7$ 7 i J I i Multillle d ia j I I IB V ideo RSS l angu a ges • English t tv 'Jrk St Guritv This site about ClYptography and network security All what you need 10 kn ow about cly pt ography and network security lnrcrmatlcn on Crypt ogral hy An d Cryptog raphy And IYI l o J la l hy· and-n'J i ''1Jr k ·se U1 il y dh·lr ll etJ · • Q l lli8 Dire ctory 23 J J12COJ · 39k g L I ' rt @ U TIt ut rs Sc ience an d EIl oi ronme M oI h i -' ' - - Cr ptoSys cryptogra phy software loo ts for Visua BasiG and C C Crypt oSys cryptog raphy software tools for Visual Ba sic and C C C# developers • Cry pto gra phy software lo ols for Vi sual Basic and C C C # developers The • • 1 'pto$Y'5 neV- 11 Sep crtG- 15k - -1 J L rj JJ y' File types Ii • Atrubat pd Ted lxl I _ I' @ 11 _ - Wor d Cdo The approximate spelling option can be similarly frustrating A search on programme will find a few sites containing program programmen or programs but usually the results are for the actual term searched in this case programme However it worked very well with colour finding a good mix of color and colour and the approximate search on geneology found genealogy What I like much much better is Exalead's regular expression patterns option which amounts to a true wildcard search Here's how it works Use a forward slash I at the beginning and end of the term use a period to indicate one missing term if you are not sure how many letters are missing use the wildcard after the period For example the query lcrypt cl will find cryptographic and cryptologic 154 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlfFOR OFFIOIAL USE m LY WEb sea rch Ach 'i1r ced s a lci'l VCrypL-C lib ' Resuns l l0 0 of about 1 269 173 for icl 'lll 'ci GProdul' t§ -'11 -r r H· t 1 l'1 r- l Aw e tcqe'l'press com - Oet Unew on eBay E press Happy Shopping West Memorials · Headstones 8 Markers ' w 'J' ' w' $l m - 'n llla _co m · c rypt - we oll er affordable cemeterymarkers h e dsto n e s monuments and cemeterymemorials Free Rel at ed reuns • Cr'fptuqraphic o - l orilhl1ls • 1J l@ JftoNal f • 1l1 9r 'J1 'C e • Cryptographic pr01iJi ols • Cryptographic 'Sierns MllidlUedhl View ' ·· i l 1ernali o'l lI gc i tl r f i C rYP I g R § arCh • • further research in cryptology and related fields Crypto 2007 AugusI19·23 2007 Sanla Barbara California USA Workshop on Cryptographic j-iardware W ''' la ' r urg - 4k ' j r __ _ g_ 1 __ t '_ l pn ecte ue s • SCIl' nc antJ En l ro n m e n t Malh CQtll rnUnIC311t1 r Ttl€'Ory QlYiJtoQraphv g1i n D1 DY Q r Q' M l 9 L l 1_ 9 tl_9_ 1 • Computers I-lacking CrvpIOCl@el i • 9 YptoLogic Inc - software development company specia lizinq in ' ' C yptoLogic is an Internet software development company with leading proprietary Au dio 18Video RSS Langu olges • l f I I § b • Cerman Directory 'S' QL p ut e r 'S' RFCo St-lenc -and Em·ironment Fil e type • A CIOb t pdf • Word I doc techncloqies that enable secure high-speed financial transa ctrons over 'lM- Av 'YI tl loiJic ro m - 12 0 1 • ltL 'VfnI' x es- 13k - - 1h' t l tS1 Oilec101 ies • omputE rs 8oRware B J sl n s s and Ec '-nomy E·Commerce loronlfJ • 8usln ss and ECQI10nlV C OINJ IJ e r and lnlernet SOrl' v1 U Touj ntr- Here are the basic rules for pattern match ing wildcard searches The first character is always a slash I This tells Exalead a special pattern will follow Within the pattern the period is a special character that can represent any character The asterisk stands for character repetition I e any number of characters The pipe I stands for OR and parentheses are used to group characters A question mark is placed at the end of a character group to make that group optional The last character is always a slash I _ This tells Exalead this is the end of the query UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl61AL l ISE ONLY 155 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY In this example- mpg 11213 -Exalead will search for any page containing the query term mpg and 1 or 2 or 3 It will also find pages containing only mpg because the makes the 1 2 and 3 optional Without the Exalead will only find pages containing mpg1 mpg2 or mpg3 Exalead will handle complex boolean queries in the simple search screen or from the Advanced search window The boolean operators Exalead supports are AND OR NOT or AND NOT in caps A typical boolean query would be baseball OR football NOT cardinals In addition there are two other operators that can be used in a boolean query NEAR and OPT NEAR finds search terms within 16 words of each other and OPT makes a query term preferable but does not require it For example football NEAR cardinals OPT st louis This is nice to know because most search engines use AND as their default and will not return results unless all terms are found Check the difference between the results for these two searches in Exalead buckyball skateboard OPT flyswatter and buckyball skateboard flyswatter Exalead will search in all or one of most languages Use either the syntax language followed by the language digraph or the pulldown menu in the Advanced search window Also Exalead offers a country search option either from the Advanced search window or using the syntax country followed by the country digraph Exalead does not recognize diacritical marks at this time This means that a search on fagade finds both teceae and facade However Exalead will handle some non-Latin character sets Exalead officially supports Unicode UTF Windows encodings and miscellaneous encodings Arabic Chinese Korean Japanese and Russian Exalead offers limited field searching i e special search terms to restrict searches and make them more effective These special operators can be used in both simple search and in the Advanced search window Je thgutlg esil rQfs -@§ lt IQ p§g rIl£ _ §p §iTI j l1gQ§ g J The language syntax uses the obsolete two-letter ISO language codes 639-1 Must be used with additional keywords Advanced Search Where Choose a language Example of how to use the language command Ianguage de welt finds all the pages indexed by Exalead that are written in 156 UNCLASSIFIEDHF9R 9FFlGIAL USE Or LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFflelAL USE ONLY German and contain the keyword welt which has a very different meaning in German than in English country restricts results to pages in a specific country The country syntax uses the two-letter ISO country codes Must be used with additional keywords Advanced Search Where Choose a country Example of how to use the country command country de wissenschaft finds all the pages indexed by Exalead that are purportedly in Germany and contain the term wissenschaft It will not limit the search to the German TLD de site restricts results to a specific website or domain excluding specific toplevel domains You must search on a second-level domain for site to work May be used with or without keywords Advanced Search Where on a given site Examples of how to use the site command site amazon com finds www amazon com cards amazon com www amazon com dvd However it will not find www amazon com br site ir does not find the pages from the Iranian ir top-level domain However site gov ir does find all the pages from the Iranian government domain indexed by Exalead site federalreserve gov statistical data finds all the pages at the Federal Reserve website indexed by Exalead containing the phrase statistical data filetype restricts results to PDF MS Word and other filetypes May be used with or without keywords Exalead converts these other types of files to HTML making them safe to view Select I'RElI1£W to see the HTML version Advanced Search Where in files of a given format To search by specific type of file use the syntax filetype plus one of these abbreviations UNCLASSIFIEDIiFOR OFfiCIAL tJSI ONL f 157 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOA'FOR OFFICIAL l JSE m LY html or htm pdf xis ppt doc wpd rtf swf txt standard webpage Adobe Acrobat MS Excel Spreadsheet MS PowerPoint MS Word Corel WordPerfect versions 6 7 Rich Text Format MacroMedia Flash text hypertext link text Examples of how to use the filetype command filetype xls finds all pages indexed by Exalead that are in Excel spreadsheet format filetype pdf white paper finds all pages indexed by Exalead that are in PDF format and contain the phrase white paper anywhere in the text title or urI intitle restricts results to pages containing a specific word or phrase anywhere in the webpage's title which usually appears in the browser's title bar and is the HTML title tag May be used with or without additional keywords Advanced Search Where in the title of the page Examples of how to use the intitle command intitle amazon finds all pages that include the word amazon in their title rain forest intitle amazon finds all pages that include the word amazon in their title and mention the phrase rain forest anywhere in the document title or text or anywhere in the document inurl restricts results to pages containing a specific word or phrase anywhere in the webpage's uri that is the webpage address May be used with or without additional keywords Advanced Search Where in the address of the page 158 UNCLASSIFIEOA'FOR OFFICIAL l JS ONLY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfiFOR OFFl6h1cL USE ONLY Examples of how to use the inurl command inurl amazon finds all pages that include the word amazon anywhere in their urI cosmic ray inurl spacecraft finds all pages that include the exact phrase cosmic ray anywhere in the document title or text or anywhere in the document and include spacecraft anywhere in the site's urI link restricts the results to documents that have links to a specific website Will work without the full uri absent the http but the preferred syntax is Iink http www domain com Also the link command does not work beyond the top level of a site so the query Iink www noaa gov wx html treats the wx html as a keyword May be used with or without keywords Advanced Search Where on pages that contain a given link Example of how to use the link command Iink http www noaa gov finds all pages linking to the NOAA homepage Iink http www noaa gov drought finds all pages linking to the that contain the keyword drought NOAA site Exalead Search Services and Tools Exalead does not offer any special services or tools such as news maps reference tools except for a browser toolbar that works with both Internet Explorer and Firefox At present the two types of specialized Exalead search are the multimedia audio video and RSS refinement option and image search Image Search Exalead offers some nice options with its image search You can look for images of specific sizes small medium large computer wallpaper by resolution image color layout or filetype Exalead's advanced search options work in image search as well UNCLASSIFIED IIFOR OFFIGIJ L b1SE ONLY 159 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ot LY lead f tl Images ICBssini Results 1·2-1of aboul19 307 for casslnt Background • Size Srrtilll Madrum W lIp pers 'u j • 800 WJ '33 • 1O 4 lb8 54 h- p J­ 'f' - • Color 67% ' - ' Y • C ray cClIE' 32% • 81atk VV'hill 0_1 % Layout Cl Sainil cassini r Bild 139 198·1l 2Kb· gil ' '-cv qeophvshi de • I BO 1CI2 16 • 150D 12 8 • 1920 1200 I hn lge color cassuu picture 213 150 ·13 7 Kb· gil samarihl jpl n ' ' 98V C usini launch 200 145·6 9 Kb· peg edilior cnn com The Cassilli •• 200 x 148·6 1 KtJ- jpeg f rJlnon Ci ln C0 ll • 1 dscap 78% • PortrOll 2I% File lyfles • l iif 9 82% • 17% • E'n 06% ' ' Search within results Q D i l UU choke-a _ __ cassnu Resources al ECSL 400 167·16 5 Kb· jpeg '-HI· 'V' ' f r u''S ufiVSl eclu C lssini 250 187·10 6 Kb· jpeg V ·· l''''i Jsl sIJ 1 tom ISSUE ON CASSINI 631 480·57 4 Kb· jpeg ' ··N'N 910l l net frl l · 'lnli H c uk Giovanni Dominica Cassini 423 x 588·25 7 «u- Jpeg - o r v sterrankuuua rd The Bottom Line Exalead is not in the Google and Yahoo class yet but because it offers unique and important features dealing with truncation wildcards proximity searching etc it is one of the top-tier search services In addition Exalead offers the option to preview non-html files e g Microsoft file types safely which is extremely important given the security dangers that plague Internet users Exalead is a valuable addition to the world of Internet search 160 UNCLASSIFIEDA'FOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFle'AL J5E OULY Ask During 2006 Teoma and Ask Jeeves ceased to exist as separate search sites and merged under the Ask com umbrella I had never been impressed with Ask Jeeves which was one of the few sites that continued to try to respond to users questions though not very successfully Teoma was always an also ran in the world of search However when Barry Diller former Chairman and CEO of Paramount Pictures and Fox Inc 's and his lAC Interactive Corp acquired Ask Jeeves this year things changed dramatically The name was shortened to Ask the annoying butler icon was gone along with the Ubiquitous ads and usually unfulfilled promise of answers to natural language queries Ask incorporated Teoma's search algorithm ExpertRank and the Teoma site went away Now Ask com has become a major player One of the most striking differences is obvious as soon as you run a search Instead of a list of sponsored links which Google Live Search and Yahoo all display Ask shows zoom related search links designed to help users either narrow or expand a search Of course Ask still serves up ads with its search results but the search company is putting the primary focus on free search results and not on sponsored results Customizing Ask's Settings Ask offers six general Settings 1 Locations you may enter a specific location including a street address or a city state and zip code for the US This is an optional feature and you can sign up for an account if you want to enter multiple locations This information is used to provide tailored search results relevant to your location 2 Displaying results Ask lets you see as few as 10 and up to 100 results per page There is also an option to open results in a new window 3 Content filtering Unlike most search engines Ask automatically filters adult content the two options are to alert the user when content is filtered and provide a link to it or to minimize adult content and not link to it 4 Interface language if you are more comfortable working in another language Ask can display in dozens 5 Make Ask your Default Search Engine In this case you are telling your browser to use Ask as the default search engine from the browser address bar UNCLASSIFIEDH OR O lbIAl b1Si ONlY 161 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE or LY 6 Default Ask Site You can chose one location from a list including the US France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain and UK or no default site Your results will vary depending on the default site The other setting option is similar to Yahoo's feature that lets users edit the search tools Here are the options Ask offers you can select only the ones you want to appear on your Ask main search page 162 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlOIJlcL USE 6NL' The Ask Results Page Once you've entered your search terms and selected the Ask Search button Ask will present you with a list of results hits For each result returned you may see 'JV b News' SkillS F'Jeds 3hoppiflg More Icard nal S'lQlch Encyclopedia Cardinal bird - 'C I '·-iir · · I G l'I5Qc l A NZHrow 'lOUf Se 1rch The C lI 1hl 1J5 Dr Cilrdhl 1Iid •le are family of P lss _nne birds livil '9 in Norl m l SQ1Jlh Ameriu Tnese are IObuS1 sead·eating bud wilt' rong blll They ar typicall ' associated with open woodland The sexes usually nave distinct plumages the tarnily IS named fo the red More Othar Match '-'1' IrA' ' r i1 ' 0 '' ' ' ' C- l-rd jn-a7Is- -a-f1 A-r·-ne- r' ' ic- -n- fO- -'1 b- ' U-t-ea-m J' - B Cardinal H86m C 1 dhlill Heallh is l CilltJl iil Birds Nonnern Cmdillill Red C ll I Bird '1«lh1011 Nest CallIillal Birds A11d How ng fHO' der of products seNi e and technOlogies 1'lJPPQrlinlj lhe They U Iil health care Industry '- 'Jc''t r '1 I C udillal Health 0 Ol1nF'r n Cardinal ' c J U F I I l I1 e '''' 1 BII ot IIfl l E Ie Northern ClIdin 1 _ tl jsfL Ot IQ I 3 LeJ2 Iut J S9 lty r L 2lBt l 1 Q fYi t C lOlillal Text by John James Audubon from Birds of Amanca THE CARDINAL GROSBEAI Northern C llOlh' ll j ' j l n '1 F 1 'r ·l r 'Ii i ' Il ElIiJe J y D0 J'l'i'Ood e ld E gle Black Boa' bmimq elm- Northern Cardinal Gird of the V ieek Nov 14-21 1999 bilding corn Northern Caltli ll Bird oftlla Ifleek Nov 14-21 1999 Northern C lldhl lI 1' l mmislakeable t - 1i 1 I I ' II C I ' Similar species TI male Flowe ing D09W lod More' J A Smart Answers Ask's best guess about what you want Smart Answers provides quick access to encyclopedias Wikipedia Houghton Mifflin or Columbia weather dictionary results translations conversions etc Note that other matches will try to disambiguate a search term with multiple meanings such as cardinal This is an extremely useful way to find information about commonplace topics such as Rwanda 'Ven i le NS • 610g8 Feeds 'y1fJre I anda Web Search Rwanda ShoWlflgreS 'JltSl-10of2 320 OOO cia aov I _ _ Capital KIgeli Popul r1ion 8 440 820 locOllion Central Africa east of Democratic Republic ollhe Congo Chief of State Presiden1Paul keqeme Heild 01 Government Prime Minister Bernard MakuZ6 · 1 1 · Narrow Your Search Rwanda Genocide Facts about Rwanda Languages f lnyerwanda oHicial universal Bantu verneccter French official English olliciel KiswahiIJ SwahilI used in Rwanda People commercial centers More Encyclop' 'dl I BBC pfQlile HlstoPl E @ 9 I US GOlfernrnan TrClvellnf l I ToU isl A-Ilractions I Cutlfml Weather Il ocal Time UNCLASSIFIEDlIj QR Qj F1SIAL USE eP4LY Rwanda Map 163 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDItFOR OFFIOIAL USE eNLY - B Webpage Title Description the title and a brief summary of the website - C Binoculars Site Preview Ask's Binoculars Site Preview are periodic screen captures of the browser navigating a page To view the site preview users should only move the mouse over the binoculars because clicking on the binoculars takes you to the site The mouseover is of a static image so it is safe to view but I find it too small to be very useful beyond revealing the general nature of a site - 0 Cached a link to the version of the site stored by Ask with the date and time the page was indexed - E Save Ask offers this service for web and image searches When users click on a save link on either a web or image search for web searches Ask will save the title of the result the uri the description the binoculars icon and the query used to find that result For image searches Ask will save the name and location of the picture as well as the query used to find the image Also everything saved is fully searchable so all saved content is easy to find again later However for the save feature to work properly users need to allow search history to be enabled the default If you do not want Ask to save your search history go to My Stuff I Settings and uncheck Record all my searches into my 'Search History ' - F Zoom Related Search This is a popular feature retained from Teoma that helps users either narrow or broaden a search with possible alternative search terms which appear on the right hand side of the Ask results page • Narrow Your Search helps you to drill down into topics that are specifically related to your search • Expand Your Search allows you to explore topics that are conceptually related to your search • Related Names presents a list of names that are conceptually tied to topic options within the 'Narrow Your Search' and 'Expand Your Search' IistS S9 - G More Search Types Selecting any of these other search options causes Ask to search automatically for images news stories blog entries etc with your search term s 59 Ask com Site Features Zoom Related Search http help ask com en docs about site features shtml

relatedsearch 14 November 2006 164 UNCLASSIFIED I 'OR 01 '1 'ICI41 USE ONI Y OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIelAL USE ONLY Ask Basic Search http www ask com Ask assumes as its default that multiple search terms are joined by the AND operator so that a search on the keywords windows explorer will find all the webpages that contain both search terms Ask will not return any results if there is no webpage containing all the search terms Try this query to see what I mean kong spektioneer synecdoche Ask does not appear to limit the number of search terms Ask is not case sensitive There does not appear to be anything you can do about this Ask does not offer word stemming or truncation i e searching for variations of search terms Ask searches for exactly the term as you enter it e g a search for window will not search for windows Ask automatically clusters search results Multiple hits from the same site are indented and there is usually an option to see more results from a specific site Ask permits the use of the OR operator in simple search The capitalized Beyond the use of the boolean search OR operator in its simple search OR needs to be Ask does not support Searchers can delimit phrases using double-quotes For example if I search on the last king of france without double-quotes Ask will ignore the the and the of' in its search I noticed that the results from this search are more relevant than the ones I received from Google for the same query If I enclose the same query in double-quotes Ask will search on exactly the phrase the last king of france and the first hit links to a site that lists all the Kings of France where Louis XVIII can be readily identified Enclosing searches in double-quotes is much more effective for finding precise results than relying on automatic phrase searching Ask appears to ignore stop words outside double quotes only when other search terms are used These two searches will return identical results the last king of france last king france UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY 165 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED FO OFFICIAL USE OMLY However if I search for the Ask returns over 2 billion hits If I add another search term e g the france that query is identical to searching for france so the stop word is ignored Nonetheless it appears that if you search only for stop words Ask will find pages containing them all e g i a an the Ask does not seem to like the plus sign because it returns an error message when I try to use it By default Ask searches for all keywords except stop words However there are many times when searchers need to exclude certain terms that are commonly associated with a keyword but irrelevant to their search That's where the minus sign - comes in Using the minus sign in front of a keyword ensures that Ask excludes that term from the search For example the results for the search pearl harbor -movie are very different from the results for pearl harbor Ask treats most punctuation marks the same way as links in a search string For example Ask handles a search for c-span c span C span and c span basically the same way However a search for cspan with no space or mark is treated differently Ask Advanced Search Ask has a number of query modifiers to restrict searches and make them more effective in many cases These query modifiers can be used in simple search using the following syntax or on the advanced web search page using the appropriate menu options Interestingly Ask using the must exclude minus sign differently from other search engines the minus sign goes after the command syntax for example inurl nasa site -gov The query modifiers Ask supports are '$i r § rict§ s Jts iQ w §jt LiIi a· iv Q Qm§Jn This syntax requires a keyword Advanced Web Search Domain or Site Examples of how to use the site command shuttle site www nasa gov finds pages about the space shuttle at the NASA website bulletin officiel site fr finds pages in the French top-level domain about official bulletins bulletin officiel site -fr finds pages containing the phrase bulletin officiel that are not in the French top-level domain Note that the minus sign goes after the site syntax 166 UNCLASSIFIEDHFQR QFFISIAL l ISi QNLY DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDilFOR OFFl61AL l JSE otJb¥ title or intitle restricts the results to documents containing the keyword in the title Advanced Web Search Location of words or phrases In page title Examples of how to use the title command title amazon finds all pages that include the word amazon in their title intitle amazon jungle rainforest finds all pages that include the words amazon jungle and rainforest in their title Using intitle makes this search function the same as Google's allintitle query Note use a hyphen to search for phrases using the intitle syntax because the double-quotes do not work -books title amazon finds all pages that contain amazon in the title and do not contain the term books anywhere on the page Note that you must put the excluded term before the intitle syntax title galileo site -nasa gov finds all pages that contain the term galileo in the title but are not at any nasa gov website inurl restricts the results to documents containing the keyword in the urI Advanced Web Search Occurrences Examples of how to use the inurl command inurl nasa finds all pages that include nasa anywhere in the uri address inurl nasa site -gov finds all pages that include nasa anywhere in the uri of sites that are not in the gov top-level domain Note that the minus sign goes after the site syntax inurl shuttle inurl -nasa finds all pages that include shuttle in the uri but exclude nasa from the urI Note that the minus sign goes after the site syntax inurl nasa shuttle sts-90 finds all pages that include both nasa and shuttle in the uri of a site Used this way Ask's inurl command functions the same as Google's allinurl command that is all terms must be in the urI -shuttle inurl nasa finds all pages with nasa in the uri but do not include the term shuttle anywhere on the page Note that you must put the excluded term before the intitle syntax UNCLA551FIEDhTOR efifilel L USE ONLY 167 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Ask's Services and Specialty Searches Ask offers a number of special features designed to help users find specific kinds of information faster and more easily 810g Search Ask is partnered with Bloglines the most popular and my favorite RSS feed reader to create blog and RSS feed search The blog search options are sort by date popularity or relevance which combines date and popularity sort by posts feeds or news binoculars prev iew last five posts from a feed options to subscribe and or post to a feed using several different applications '- L b l I t · ah Ii r j §k ti me Irn - hu l So-1 bY' 1 1i' 'i lhtoiO S1J'''' I View Posts Feeds or News Results tt cs l Recf · rl - 'T - ' r uhs flQIll IA1F' ' Ijl' Goode Maps t·l1a5r URROJnd Jp Pill 112 The abooJt ln k ShCIW an et a p l i S'J O her lj k Google fA 1pS t ta sh up 5 I P T lundup and some othe r CT 1 Go·t5'l 1'VJ ' 168 C ' '1'5 - O ' Top Feeds D oJ thlS l 'r G o e M a••s mashups t- Gnogl' IA lp' API Crff r i 1 J CJ Goo l Map - ' 1 0 8 c ku Ww lII l p S t ould be tun a UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFIOIAL t lSE eNbY I OO ' M l Moni o i' J Hi Ii- LJ DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDliFOR OFFICIAL USE OP4LY RSS Answers will display the three most recent entries at a blog Obviously only a limited number of blogs work in RSS Answers but it is a quick way to see what is new at your favorite blog site Here is an example of an RSS Answers for John Battelle's Searchblog 'Neb' News' 810gs t Feeds' 'Mole I _ _ _ _ _og L s' 'ri' tl I John Battelle's Searchblog Find most recent posts Advanced Se13lcl1 tram bettenemedia comr I know It's Too Political - But it's really worth watching The program's designers say existing anticensorship program F Ufld hours dW' Confidential Sourees I remain deeply concerned about the erosion of press freedoms in this country A Times case regardi 'I 1r I r f ' r V3 r I 1fJ tvl F T More Europe Settlement in Belgium - Google has settled with Sofam and Scam two news organizations in Belguim that had been disputing ' 2' 1 100 Of 4'- A2 'C F T Definitions Ask will present a dictionary or encyclopedia definition of a term if you phrase the query as define keyword definition of keyword the meaning of keyword or dictionary which brings up the Dictionary Search option Web t ews Blogs Feeds' Sharping' More» S III II II l c1vancecl Searcl1 Dictionary Search Find the definition on ask com Search multiple dictionaries on I o elo rn I Find more instances on bartleby corn Browse by topic on allrefercom I G I ' 1 I ct gpi E1 Local Search search for services or businesses by US zip code or city Maps to map a US or Canadian location search on the street address city and state or the word map and a location Some international maps are now available See the section on maps for details News links to news stories appear when a search term matches current news stories Sort news by date or relevance A separate Ask News page is available at http news ask com Travel Shortcuts To find arrival and departure information flight delays airport status and weather conditions at a US or Canadian airport enter the airport's threeletter code and the word airport For example to information about BaltimoreWashington International enter bwi airport White Page Search search for US phone numbers and addresses for people businesses government offices doctors and schools in the U S UNCLASSIFIED 'FOR OFFICIAL b1SE e L¥ 169 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY Web Answers This option is the remnant of Ask Jeeves that is Ask's attempt to provide direct answers to questions Users may write a natural language question or in this example if an answer exists to a commonly asked question such as the meaning of 'ontology ' the Web Answers will appear under the definition W 2' j • ImJ- 51$ ' • rJ€ w §L 9 r gO j $ho MQ Idp fre fnlvlog II Definitlons of 'ontolooy' Qn··1ol - Ie n I defio liotl· T ontai 91 f lq t rar ch of melaphysl' s ha de51s ' h thlE n 'Jre Q 'b£ing On•• logy Phlioso 1 4 0 T I EnC ' I rrll'1 lJefi e OnloI08 ' FreeC ' l Ie 1 til 8 l' LOOk up dithOrl 4ry teurs inslarlll ' Froo referonc tJ cI onarytoolbJr - ' define ontol09Y Web A swo ' In that contsxt an ontologv IS a p c mon cntoleqxal conurntmsnt IS qrven below O olo'Jy· im ' _1 - I U'li tor 1' k mL L2J1 lli Group QIIlOlol y ut y making ontological O oI09 tDictIOnary t1 u L J V'fF b l g I Idtfin ontology Ontolo iulology V ha l is art E n le § 1-29 s 0£ 1 s'lPJ f 1o un answel'S Ah -swetiA r Q 1 'Y gL aO n tQ QQY ' An ontology i$ a specification h ot a conceptualization - · W J·_ · fi l h JUI · An contoloq is a 508 111' 8 lon of a cone ' 6n QntoloQl is 2j f jfLr --2 iO D pr 6 i QrL Exp t1d 2 5 imjl lt lll$Wors I SCI8I1m DiJbl cill ons 10 ·ML· toWarDS a Qrobal nowledge base Ontologv Is defined 3$ 3 description such 3S 3 tormal specific3tion or a progr3m of the concepts and rel3tlonshlps that can e ist for an 3gent or community or agents - ' 1 j Conversions The Ask conversion tool will automatically convert world currency temperature weight length area and cooking volume Users can use the query convert amount x to amount y e g convert 200 iraqi dinars to pound sterling or try a natural language query such as how many kilometers are in a nautical mile The conversion tool is very easy to use and impressive Web News' Slogs Feeds MOle» Se Hch J convert200 iraqi dinars to pound sterling Web Search 4 0E-4 UK Pounds GBP is equal to 1 Iraqi Dinar Convert I IIraqi Dinars 100 Into J F g D Q I I J J Convert Disclaimer All data reflects mid-market rates updated every 30 minutes by XE com 170 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE OP4LY Advanced Search DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAb bUH g I Y Image Search the Ask image search uses authoritativeness to rank its results and also accesses a proprietary image index It is one of the best image search tools available The image search appears as one of the default search tools on the righthand side of the main search page There is no advanced image search and no special image search options However when you search for an image zoom related search terms to expand or narrow the search appear If you select the save option this link will save the image to your personal stuff which can later be accessed via http mystuff ask com If you select info about an image you will then see detailed information about the image including copyright information and its source homepage will appear in a frame in the bottom portion of the screen w 'l MH N 'J ' Jp_'ta J e g hqp I J L' ' ria' Idef0 N te logy Ii Definitions of 'ont ology' on-t lq- de ' 1 On • I · j ' r 'O r ln t o l y mmelaph'fst o H'l3 deals wnn the nature ort l n 9 In The r far r h OntolofJ # Ptl1I0iOpl y' i o T4l cn r '' 'e ''r edia Fr €' I 1 Loo Oell Onlclng'tn - Vlnat ts Dl tionalV up d tl n y M s in l nllyl F I B I ' renc d't lOn ry l oo1b 1 1 define ontology lWeh All ' I ol JP ltl1tJoh US tor m3klng ontologlc il In thar conre In onto logy is onlolvrcal ccunmtrnsnt IS gl' tm bo lc' t fto - ' 1J ' ' ' lI tl t nl lo gr 1 Onlolo gy--timt l On lo lo gy What an E m le he tormal d f rtlon of - 'i JJ x O nl o l n y W I ry Onto e 9V Olcllonary • J alch ' lIPh - - N f 't • B i l 9 f F d$ • • Mo l' Omolo dcr e Orl Ology 'Vt at i an Ontf I £ C An onrology is specific tion of • I t f o' I - ' I J ' 1 ' t 1 eeneeptuauzatien I ' 'f' An ontology IS e SOBclt atlon of a corK AnQ0 91ogVis l §Qt9 - slion Q La cQnc E lp 'H1d 2 slmUll •• ln s W r '1 ' clenrih oublo catlons 111 XJ fL • tov lrd s a alobc11 l nowled19 base Ontology Is defined as a description such as a formal specification of a program ot flH eencepts and rel ltIOnshlps mat can exlsttor an agent or a community of gentsl tJo ' ' ' ' Ask Image Search Info Page http pictures ask com Number Search Ask offers many types of number searches The numbers Ask will search for are UPS tracking enter the UPS tracking number 1 Z9999X99999999 or enter ups tracking to bring up the UPS tracking query option UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAb b1SE ONLY 171 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED FQR QFnCl L USE eNLY 172 USPS tracking enter USPS plus the tracking number with or without spaces usps 9999999999999999999999 or enter usps tracking to bring up the USPS tracking query option FEDEX tracking enter FEDEX plus the tracking number fedex 9999999999999999 or enter fedex tracking to bring up the FEDEX tracking query option DHL and Airborne Express tracking enter DHL plus the tracking number DHL 9999999999 or enter DHL tracking to bring up the DHL tracking query option ZIP codes enter a US ZIP code either five or nine digits ISBN enter any International Standard Book Number VIN Information to find information about a vehicle's history search on its 17-character Vehicle Identification Number VIN UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFnGI L USE eNLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlGI 'L l JSE ONLY More Help Internet Guides and Tutorials For anyone who wants additional help in learning how to use the Internet more effectively many excellent resources are available for free via the Internet Also there are more and more sites appearing to help new Internet users get started with searching the web Some help you choose the right search engine others how to formulate a query and others are step-by-step tutorials The Internet Detective Tutorial is a free online tutorial that is part of the Intute Virtual Training Suite a set of free Internet tutorials to help you learn how to get the best from the Web for your education and research created by a national team of subject specialists based in universities and colleges across the UK 60 Not familiar with Intute It is the newly evolved face of the Resource Discovery Network a carefully selected and evaluated set of academic research resources The Internet Detective tutorial focuses on how to evaluate Internet sources for quality and authoritativeness how to avoid wasting time on questionable websites and searches and how to avoid violating copyright laws and plagiarism The tutorial includes a set of practical exercises to try your Internet research skills Although the tutorial is aimed at university research I highly recommend it for all readers The tutorial requires about an hour to complete but it is designed so you can do it in more than one sitting The Internet Detective Tutorial http www vts intute ac uk detective index html All the Intute tutorials are available at Intute Virtual Training Suite http www vts intute ac uk The following are tutorials guides and search-oriented sites available on the Internet BrightPlanet's Guide to Effective Searching of the Internet http www brightplanet com deepcontentltutorials search index asp Finding Information on the Internet A Tutorial http www lib berkeley edu TeachingLib Guides lnternet Findlnfo html Internet Tutorials from University of Albany Libraries http www internettutorials neU Internet Scout Report http scout wisc edu Projects PastProjects toolkit searching index html 60 Intute Virtual Training Suite http www vts intute ac uk 12 September 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFOR OFFlelAL USE ONL' 173 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED FOR OFFICIAb Uil Pandia's Goalgetter g JL Y http www pandia com goalgetter index html Phil Bradley's Searching the Internet http www philb com searchindex htm Search Engine Watch Tutorials old but still useful http www searchenginewatch com resources article php 2156611 Web Search Guide 174 http www websearchguide ca tutorials tocfram htm UNCLASSIFIEDHj QR QFFlel L tiS OMLY DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDhTOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY Specialized Search Tools Techniques This section which first appeared in the 2006 edition was born of the rapid growth of both unconventional search techniques such as Google hacking and the wildfire spreading of such tools as online maps This year I have added a new section on Wikipedia and expanded the maps and mapping section Google Hacking This topic has received a great deal of attention in the world of Internet search in the past few years While this activity is generically referred to as Google hackinq ' this is a double misnomer First to limit this practice to Google is a mistake because many of these kinds of searches can be run using any search engine though they are clearly going to be most effective with a large powerful search tool that offers many search options such as Google Second this is not hacking in the sense that most people use the term i e gaining access to a computer or data on a computer illegally or without authorization Nothing I am going to describe to you is illegal nor does it in any way involve accessing unauthorized data Google or search engine hacking involves using publicly available search engines to access publicly available information that almost certainly was not intended for public distribution In short it's using clever but legal techniques to find information that doesn't belong on the public Internet To understand how this information has found its way into search engine databases we need a quick overview of how search engines work Very simply search engines deploy spiders aka crawlers or bots which is actually software that crawls websites looking for new sites updating old ones following links and dumping all that data into search engine databases where it is stored sorted and eventually accessed by users There is nothing illegal immoral or even fattening about search Let's talk about the term hacking for a minute A hacker is someone who is proficient at using or programming a computer in short a computer expert While there is no universal agreement on a preferred term for someone engaged in illegal illicit computer or network activity I will call these black hat hackers malicious hackers to distinguish them from white hat or neutral hackers meaning proficient or expert computer users 61 UNCLA551FIEDllIRQR QlRlRlSIAb b1SIi QNb¥ 175 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAb l IS O lb¥ engine spiders Indeed without them we would have little or no idea what is out there and available to us The problem for webmasters is that it is their responsibility to keep the search engine spiders out of any parts of their websites they do not want to be accessed and indexed by a search engine The spider is not smart it simply knows that if a door is open it can-and will-go in and crawl around Webmasters must tell spiders do not enter primarily by the use of the Robots Exclusion Protocol Robots Exclusion 62 comes in two basic flavors either a metatag that can be inserted into the HTML of a web page usually used by an individual or a Robots Exclusion Protocol robots txt file a specially formatted file inserted by the website administrator to tell the spider which parts of the website may and may not be indexed by the spider If a robots exclusion is missing or improperly configured the spider will index pages that the website owner may not have wished to have been accessed The whole problem of keeping information on the Internet private dramatically worsened almost overnight a couple of years ago when Google quietly started indexing whole new types of data Originally most of what got spidered and indexed was HTML webpages and documents with some plain text thrown in for good measure However the ever-innovative Google decided this wasn't good enough and started to index PDF PostScript and-most importantly-a whole range of Microsoft file types Word Excel PowerPoint and Access Problem was lots of folks had assumed these file types were immune to spidering not because it couldn't be done but because no one had yet done it As a result many companies organizations and even governments had quite a lot of egg on their faces when sensitive documents began turning up in the Google database That was then this is now You might think people would have learned but judging by the amount of sensitive information still available many have not Even though search engines now routinely index many non-HTML file types many individuals and organizations still do not protect these files from the long reach of search engine spiders Furthermore there are many ways for sensitive information to end up in search engine databases An improperly configured server security holes and unpatched software can give search engine spiders unintended access Quite frankly most of the problems boil down to one thing human error either through ignorance or neglect What kinds of sensitive information can routinely be found using search engines The types of data most commonly discovered by Google hackers usually falls into one of these categories 62 For additional information see http www robotstxt orgfwcfexclusion html 14 November 2006 176 UNCLASSIFIEDft'JiOK OJiJilehltL USE Ot4LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDifl-6R 6FFl6IAL b1 1i g L Y personal and or financial information userids computer or account logins passwords private confidential or proprietary company data sensitive government information vulnerabilities in websites and servers that could facilitate breaking into the site Now you may be thinking to yourself I use Google all the time and I've never encountered this type of information That's not surprising It's not usually the kind of thing you would stumble across inadvertently Normally one would have to be actively looking for this type of information Of course many of the documents Google hackers find using these techniques are not sensitive and indeed are intended for the public Internet Only a tiny fraction of the over eight billion pages in the Google index were not meant to be made available to the public And it so happens these techniques are excellent unconventional ways of finding useful information that might not be discovered using routine search engine queries Here are some of the typical techniques used in Google hacking search by file type63 site type and keyword many organizations store financial inventory personnel etc data in Excel spreadsheet format and often mark the information Confidential so a Google hacker looking for sensitive information about a company in South Africa might use a query such as filetype xls site za confidential a similar but more specific search could involve use of a keyword such as budget to search for Excel spreadsheets at Indian websites for example filetype xls site in budget one of the most popular Google hacking technique is to employ stock words and phrases such as proprietary confidential not for distribution do not distribute along with a search for specific file types especially Excel spreadsheets Word documents and PowerPoint briefings search for files containing login userid and password information note even at international sites these terms usually appear in English This type of information is typically stored in spreadsheet format so a typical search might be filetype xls site ru login 63 It is critical that you handle all Microsoft file types on the Internet with extreme care Never open a Microsoft file type on the Internet Instead use one of the techniques described here UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l ISE 6NLY 177 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL' 'liE ONI V misconfigured web servers that list the content of directories not intended to be on the web often offer a rich load of information to Google hackers a typical command to exploit this error is intitle index of' site kr password numrange search this is one of the least known and formerly one of the scariest searches available through Google Numrange uses two number separated by two periods dots and no spaces While legitimate numrange users probably will want to indicate what the numbers mean e g weight money pixels etc Google does not require any special words or symbols to run a successful numrange search hence its power Numrange can be used with keywords and other Google search options such as site www jordanislamicbank com 617 780 How is numrange typically used in Google hacking It used to be extremely effective in finding credit card numbers and social security numbers Because of the publicity about criminals using Google to look for private data this particular search no longer works for credit card and Social Security numbers which is not a bad thing The disabled hack was numrange 4567000000000000 4567999999999999 visa or numrange 222000000 250999999 ssn Now if you try these searches you will see this message l§liI· l3I Google m if 'is Not Found The requested URL Isorry z ccn tinue http www goog19 com search 3Fnum 3D100 26hl 30en%261 r%30%26newwindow'BDl 26safe%3Dof f%26q%3Dnumrange%25 was notfound on this server Lest you think I am spilling the beans here I assure you I am not revealing anything that is not already widely known and used on the Internet both by legitimate and illicit Google hackers I am fully indebted to Johnny Uohnnyihackstuff Long for many of the Google hacking technlques' I have learned Please use the information he provides judiciously because many of the Google hacking techniques he discusses are really designed for cracking i e breaking into websites and servers That is not 64 Johnny Long Google Hacking for Penetration Testers Syngress Rockland MA 2004 178 UNCLASSIFIEDIJFOR OFFICIAL SE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlIFOR OFFICIAL blS QNb¥ something I encourage or advocate I do encourage you to hack your own website to see what kinds of information is being revealed inadvertently via Google and other search engines Also a lot of the best information Johnny offers is for his site members only and I do not want to suggest you register there Nonetheless Johnny's briefing slides from the 2004 Black Hat and Defcon 12 conferences are available at the official Black Hat Briefings website and elsewhere so much for registration I have also found his excellent white paper The Google Hacker's Guide at other sites that do not require registration there is another very good briefing on the dangers of Google by Sebastian Wolfgarten There was a fair amount of sniping following Long's talks at Black Hat and Defcon mostly of the big deal variety i e it is not real hacking and therefore not worthy of presenting at Defcon However this is a very shortsighted point of view when one considers the kinds of information that is so very easily available via Google et al How would you like to see your Social Security Number credit card number and that very handy little three digit number on the back of your credit card used for verification bank routing information mother's maiden name etc in the next Google hacking briefing Yes all this kind of information is readily available I know I've uncovered quite a bit of it myself And this doesn't even take into consideration all the other website weaknesses such as multiple vulnerabilities with liS 6 0 Web-based administration that can be exposed using Google Johnny Long's Googledorks Page http johnny ihackstuff com ghdb php Johnny Long's The Google Hacker's Guide http www securitymanagement com library Google Hacker0704 pdf Johnny Long You Got That With Google Black Hat Briefings and Defcon12 July 2004 http www blackhat com html bh-media-archives bh-archives-2004 html

USA-2004 Johnny Long Google Hacking Mini-Guide Informit com 7 May 2004 http www informit com articles printerfriendly asp p 170880 Sebastian Wolfgarten Watch Out Google http www wolfgarten com downloads Watch out google pdf Joe Barr Google Hacks are for Real Newsforge com 6 August 2004 http www newsforge com article pl sid 04108105 1236234 Taken all together the information Johnny Long has found using Google he sticks with this one search engine combined with the techniques he details at his website provide an excellent tutorial on using Google to find stuff that really should not be on the public Internet or easily accessible via a search query Furthermore the greatest value of his efforts may not be in finding useful information but in demonstrating the vulnerabilities of any given website and the necessity of taking strong measures to UNCLASSIFIEDIJrQR OFFl61J1cL USE ONLY 179 DID 4046925 UNCLA55IFIEml QRQFFlelAL liSf ONL f ensure the information that gets into Google as well as other search engine databases and the Internet Archive is only that which is intended Given the large amount of sensitive or private data readily available via Internet' search engines people naturally wonder why companies and individuals do not actively try to remove this information Sometimes they do but much still remains accessible Why Getting private information back is harder than preventing its disclosure in the first place There are steps you can take to remove your data · but as hacker Adrian Lamo says removing links after the fact isn't a very elegant solution Nor is it likely to be terribly effective There are a number of reasons for this but what it boils down to is it's very hard to put the genie back in the bottle First of all you have to find out if your data is out there in order to ask search engines to remove it and clearly many people and organizations are not playing defense that is they are not routinely checking to see what is indexed from their websites Let's say you find something on Google that shouldn't be on the public Internet The first thing you have to do is to protect the sensitive pages on your site or remove them entirely However even when you have removed those pages from your website this doesn't mean they can't be accessed Once documents are indexed in a search engine database a publicly available copy of those documents usually referred to as the cache copy may remain behind for days weeks even months The next step is to ask Google to remove your sensitive pages from its database However even when Google removes your data there are literally hundreds of other search engines around the world and who knows what they have indexed from your site It will not be an easy task finding out And I'll hazard a guess that not all of them will be quite so accommodating as Google in removing pages To make matters worse if something really juicy shows up in a search engine chances are someone will find it and copy it to another website Once this happens you can forget about removing that information from the Internet To further complicate matters even if no individual comes across your sensitive data the Internet Archive' spider is almost certainly going to find that webpage and index it in the Archive and there it will remain until and unless you find it first and ask the Archive to remove it As you can see the genie is running amuck Prevention is much easier though certainly not easy than curing this particular disease so it's vital to pay close attention to anything you put on a website especially something you do not want the whole world to see 65 The Internet Archive is a non-profit organization that was founded to build an 'Internet library ' with the purpose of offering permanent access for researchers historians and scholars to historical collections that exist in digital format Based in San Francisco the Internet Archive has been harvesting the World Wide Web since 1996 to create one of the largest data collections in the world The Internet Archive's web archive contains over 100 terabytes of data and the collection is growing at a rate of 12 terabytes per month http www archive org 14 November 2006 180 UNCLA55IFIEDfiI 'O OFFICIAL tJSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJj QR Qj f ICIAL S ONLY Because of the vast amount of information available using public search engines it's relatively easy to find lots of interesting amusing shocking examples of sensitive information While this is all fine and good for entertaining yourself and impressing your friends what we are really after is 'useful meaningful and actionable information Put succinctly It's Easier to Find Anything Than It Is to Find Something So how do you find something useful While it isn't easy to do so I can make some suggestions that might help The most valuable assets you have are your subject matter knowledge and your creativity Add these to a few search engine strategies and you can probably find many relevant and genuinely useful pieces of information The strategies I recommend for finding something rather than just anything are Limit the search by site This can be as broad as a county site fr or as specific as an individual server on a company website site office microsoft com Try to be as specific as possible You will have a lot more success searching for information within the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs site fmprc cn gov than looking at all the sites indexed for China site cn or even for the government of China site qov cn Add keywords Here's where your subject matter knowledge and creativity really help You are the best source of information about what words are most likely to yield the best quality and quantity of useful information As a general rule more uncommon words work best consider using unusual proper names Limit the search by file type Most of the best information found by Google hackers is not on webpages HTML but in other types of files Try all or most of the file types one at a time these are not the only searchable file types check the particular search engine's documentation Help page for others filetype pdf-good for large documents of all types widely used in academia government and business many PowerPoint briefings are also made available in PDF at the same website filteype doc-good for internal working documents reports etc filetype xls-good for personnel data computer records financial information UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONLY 181 DID 4046925 UNCLA55IFIED gROFFIOIAL l ISE ONLY filetype ppt-good for briefings which often contain company or government plans for the future 379 I_ 1· J t1 El SS - • cti Cl l t -1 Muhammad Astern c1f ecHO Manager Presentation by Gaurab Raj Upadhaya at APOPS Forum 16 APNle OpenPolicy Meeting August 21 2003 Seoul Korea AFGNIC i _ _ _1 _1 _ ' H 11 69xS 26 0 And oft'e'n Powed ohilt tiles are also a j ailable iin PDF saferleasier to read Use Google hacking techniques to search inside websites requiring registration You will frequently encounter a website perhaps a database that requires registration to view its contents On occasion you can use Google to get at that data without registering For example let's say you find a database of international companies that requires free registration Without registering you may be able to use Google to list all the companies and even get a look at the individual entries Try this series of queries or something similar site www companyname cominurl database or site www companyname cominurl directory or site www companyname cominurl index Then look for keywords such as companies and move to the next level query site www companyname cominurl companies 182 UNCLA55IFIEDi1'''O O FleIAL l ISE ONlY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIJrOR OFFl6IAL I JSE g JbY You may be able to browse through the list of companies and get names addresses phone numbers etc Search in the native language I cannot emphasize strongly enough how important it is to use keyword search terms that are in the native language of the entity you are researching The Internet is becoming much less dependent upon English and sites written in languages that do not use the Latin alphabet are growing by leaps and bounds For example a search term written in the native language and encoding is far more likely to yield interesting useful results than the same word transliterated into English Most good quality search engines now correctly render non-Latin search terms regardless of how the term is transliterated in English A search on the Arabic returns very different results than searching on muhammad mohamet mohammed etc Coogle I Oeskt p Search I ear 'h Results 1 - 100 of about 25 600 000 for 0 06 seconds tl'2liSJ U j b§ J1maSL '- J llJ_c t ' s' l'- Wll - 1 'r I't IILP ' I by sheikh Muhammad Jebril's spectacular voice - I l ul fll djJl J J 'fN v' J obnl c rrd· Gl - L - J - _' _ J U _U ' I ' JI_ Ji_ b I- ' 'I' ltll' ' E '1 I t J uL -JL yJl I 1 l - ll- JI _ I w V ' 'Nf l brii c-onI ll ltvJ' ll htrrt - 33k - · I J MohammadEsfallanl OfficialINeb Site Iraniansrnger Profile discography and pictures WJ' ' ' nh ' mrrnad-Elsfilh H1 conv - 1Dk _ c L - i· l 8 r irWI JI 'J YJ A-l l J photographing landscape Portrart All works of art copyright © MOHAMED MANNAI All rights reserved Copyright © 2000-2006MOHAMED MANNA rnmannsr com ' - C_ j - n £ 'ir E l W1N · ' MUHAMMADALI - The GreatestOf A II Time This IS the Offictalwebsite of MuhammadAli the greatest of all time '' '''1- - II COI1 l 221_· oJ h2j - J d l j°' f VVeicome to His Highness SheiKh Mohammed bin Rashi j i 11 i1aHoum's OffiCial site of the Ruler of Dubai who is also the UAE Vice President and Prime Minister Contains news hISpoetry and other information In Aretnc and sbeu hmohanuned co ee- - 21- C _ _ _ _ i - _ _ _ L i_ P 1 _ I' If' ' e J- J i - I t __ I g J j I » 1 1 I rY4 J 1b r J JI IJ 0' - JI f $ YI 1 Jl I» ' v ' sht ' hrfl 1h rrlrrlt d ' '0 ae lralllcJir d _ 'fJ· 2k J 7 0 L J r ol I J l1 AI-Hamm3dl com - A Website for Ali Al-Harnmadi corn is a website with informallon on Qatar Islam Arabic music and more Come on in and enJoy what we haveto offer ' 'Iii' al-h anunath conv - 12 - j - r 2 Remember that Diacritics Also Affect Searches Most search engine algorithms are now set up to read accented search terms differently from those without accents It's easy to test this by searching first for a term without any diacritical marks and then the same word with the marks e g resume vs resume UNCLASSIFIEDJlj QR Qj j ICIAI USIi O II Y 183 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlell8tL I JSE ONLY Some common types ofdiacritical marks • • • • • • • • • • • • • acute accent ring1above 0 used for angstrom aka krouzek breve Y caron orhacek V cedilla circumflex A umlaut' or diaeresis double acute accent N grave accent macron - ogonek L spiritus asp er spiritus lenis 1 Strictly taken not diacritics but parts ofthe character 66 Look for Misspellings Intentional or Accidental I am constantly amazed by the frequency of misspelled words uris file names etc I encounter on the Internet By far most appear to be simple mistakes often made by non-English speakers trying to cope with our confusing language These mistakes tend to propagate as users copy and paste them again and again which is what I believe happened here 66 Fact Index http www fact-index com d di diacritic html 184 UNCLASSIFIEOIiFOR OFFlell8tL I JSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNj QR QFFlCIAL l JSE ONLY Web -------Results 1 - 10 of 10 from www chinadaily com cn for enlgish 0 30 seconds jobs Chinadaily com cn Recruitment J Bmlm H l r m lrJ t fIi 1 ftii jfj tf MH9 P jj 1m MW i ll ­ v w# hinadaily com cn enl ishi do i2004·03i 16 crmt8rlt 1'i3 14 htm - 23k - I Ch8c J - imik '18' jobs Chinadaily com cn Recruitment J Bmlm H l 1m W ltll ­ W lHfIi 1 ftJi jfj tf ijht£P jj Vii N'1 chilladaily com cn enl ish dOCi2004-03il Gicontent 315316 htm - 23k - I Lg - 3i l ii' J ' '1 ' jobs Chinadaily com cn Recruitment J £IT tltrill 3l- 2 Bmlm H l jfjti ll ·Ji i IH'u1 ftii jfj 30 '1 N·N hin8 jaily om cnienl ishi doc 200 I-03 -'1G ont8nt_31531i hlm - 13k - Gaclwd - Simi D S lobs Chinadaily com cn Recruitment J Bmlm m l' ' c -' Y ffi -j £l1RJI 21 211IJjc -' Y ffi 'lwN chirladaily com cnienhJishi doc 2004-04 1lIG content_J21050 hlm - 9k - I g - SimU r iJ ' jobs Chinadaily com cn Recruitment J Bmlm m i ¥ J J S $i 2-3 ftJi jfj IIt P j j ll ftJi Jf-j V'Mw chinadaily com cn enl'lish doc 2004-0JiI6 content_315312htm· JOk - ' _ iJi A - jiL ii r j 1Q 2 Finally the enormity of the task of finding meaningful and useful information on the Internet is both daunting and comforting daunting because we know we can only scratch the surface of all the data and comforting because there is an almost limitless pool of possibilities I find it useful to keep the challenge in perspective by recalling that a study published in 2000 showed the sixty known largest deep Web sites contain data of about 750 terabytes HTML-included basis or roughly forty times the size of the known surface Web 67 In short there is just so much data and information available via the Internet that no institution no government no computer and certainly no individual can possibly grasp more than a small portion of all there is Michael K Bergman The Deep Web Surfacing Hidden Value BrightPlanet com July 2001 http www brightplanet com technology deepweb asp 14 November 2006 Introduction 67 UNCLASSIFIEDllFSR OFFlelAL tJSE ONLy 185 DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDJlFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE m LY Custom Search Engines This topic is new this year and expands upon the entries on Rollyo and Gigablast's Custom Topic Search from last year's edition During 2006 there was an explosion in the number of custom search engines including entries from Google Yahoo and Live Search so you know the powerhouses think this is worth a try Whether this trend catches on remains to be seen The phrase custom search engine is very misleading None of these sites permits users to create a new search engine What each site does in its own way is to let users customize an existing search engine to search specific sites in specific ways and return results in a personalized fashion Thus a better name for these services would be customizable searching but that moniker is clearly unappealing Just remember that you are not creating a new search engine any more than customizing a car is building a new automobile from the tires up Most of the custom search sites operate on a simple principle they automate a long site search e g the search is equivalent to keyword s AND site 1 OR site 2 OR site 3 0R site n where n stands for the maximum number of sites you are allowed to search In short the proliferation of customizable search means that companies educational institutions government agencies and individuals can easily put the power of the big search engines such as Google Yahoo and Live Search with its search Macros to work creating tailored and specialized search services in a way that has never before been possible Customizable search may be the next big thing and I believe it is one of the most positive examples of that vague but ubiquitous concept called Web 2 0 Gigablast's Custom Topic Search http www gigablast com cts html Gigablast's Custom Topic Search was one of the first create your own search engines to appear although Gigablast's creator Matt Wells never claimed it was anything other than a way to customize Gigablast The beauty of the Gigablast CTS is that it requires no software installation but is very very simple HTML code so simple anyone can edit and understand it No registration is required Many of Gigablast's features were primarily designed for webmasters instead of users but this one is potentially valuable to both Build Your Own Topic Search Engine Gigablast allows you to create a list of up to 200 web sites or subsites and a search box that searches just those sites Custom Topic Search even lets you decide if you want Gigablast to cluster the results for you The concept behind 186 UNCLA551FIEDNFOR eFFlelAL USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFl61AL blSE ONbY topic search is that you and not some anonymous marketer choose the sites you want to search This tool for want of a better word is amazingly easy to use and powerful As someone whose eyes glaze over at the mere sight of code let me put this in user language If you are familiar with Google's site syntax imagine being able to have a canned query that runs against up to 200 websites of your own choosing and lets you run it whenever you like and use whatever keyword s you want at any time The query on Google would look something like this keyword site cnn com OR site dmoz org OR site amazon com OR site usatoday com OR site cia gov etc The problem with Google is that multiple site domain searches are cumbersome at best and they quickly run up against Google's 32-word limit Enter Matt Wells and Gigablast As the creator and sole proprietor of his own search engine Matt has the luxury of being able to add new options easily I think CTS is his best innovation yet Even if you are as HTML-averse as I am this code is so easy to edit that it's a piece of cake To make things even easier I have done the basics for you First however I highly recommend you read through the Gigablast pages below on the concepts behind CTS Build Your Own Topic Search Engine of Custom Topic Search http www gigablast com byose html http www gigablast com cts html Now you're ready to take a look at edit and try the CTS Copy and paste this HTML code into an application such as Notepad head title Gigablast Custom Search title head body Search News Websites form method post action http www gigablast com search input type text name q size 60 input type submit value search border O input type hidden name sc value 1 input type hidden name sites value cnn com news yahoo com news google com usatoday com foxnews com form body This is a bare bones version of the CTS code Now you can play with the code and make it into your own custom topic search page I should mention that I set the site clustering option to ON input type hidden name sc value 1 but you can reset it to OFF by changing 1 to O Once you save as an HTML file all you have to UNCLASSIFIEDIiFOR OFFIGIAb blSE ONbY 187 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL ISE ONLY do to use it is to open the file in your browser insert keyword s and go Obviously you will want to add more sites to search I only put in a few and change the topic to something of interest to you I chose the rather bland News topic for demonstration purposes Also you can enter sub-sites or more specific sites such as cnn com WORLD or dir yahoo com One thing to keep in mind that is you are searching Gigablast's database of pages from these websites not the sites themselves The work that goes into creating a CTS is mostly up front because once you create your list of sites it is not a complicated matter to add to or subtract from it I can easily imagine creating a set of these search forms on a variety of topics using existing bookmarks Rollyo http rollyo com Rollyo stands for Roll your own search engine meaning that you select the sources you want to search Rollyo is powered by Yahoo so results will come from Yahoo only Rollyo lets users search up to 25 sites not a huge number and also try out and use other people's Searchrolls In order to save share and use your Searchrolls on other computers you must register with an email address and a usercreated name and password Rollyo has some unusual features For example Rollyo permits users to upload their bookmarks to create Search rolls edit someone else's Searchroll to make it your own keep your Searchrolls private or share them Rollyo searches entire sites or you can limit your search to a subdomain however you cannot limit your search to directories within a site e g in this case everything after the slash is ignored security news com library Rollyo has a nice little bookmarklet called Rollbar that gives you access to all of your Searchrolls wherever you are • Search any site you visit from the same spot on your browser without having to dig around for every site's search page • Add sites to your Searchrolls on the fly • Create a new Searchroll from anywhere http rollyo com bookmarklet html One of the most attractive features of Rollyo is the ability to share Searchrolls Here is an example of a Searchroll named Muslim World Views The sources searched are on the left side 188 UNCLASSIFIEDi1fiOR OfifilelAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDNFQR QFFlGIAL liSE ONLY ITry tout B OLLYOrp in IMuslim World Views OJ Search ' CHECK IT OUT I Get your RaliOar UUSLU lWORLDVIEWS Latest Custom Blog Results a HOI J'5emen's 'vor in 1 condinons r'-'laking it more bearable for Junior doctors Add to my Rollyo Brought to you by ne- ·t · 'r'i - - '-l 8 ' cr t Add a Seerchbox 00 SlUFF ' ' '1 Ph ' • Add to my Pcllvc Edit thts Seercbrolt viblog Link to Seerchrcll Latest Custom News Results Housemen's working conditions 1' 'I t Tir _ '· 1 i' ' ' r l akinq it more J 1 0 PH irne ccm Baghdad un versirv bornbmq kills 70 enonsf efieaeer Baghdad un versrtv bombing kills 70 bearable for Junior uocrors Share with a friend ' 'T Nos-e t usaom News Results ••• rsternrecubf islemqeneret ' 1 tezeere English Archive Got a problem with burglars Try leaving an apple a carrot or a piece of pizza out for them scene of a crime and try it for DNA Zarsky told New YOUt Personal OJ forlTunes nst ccm my A I Jaaeere English - File Not Found Free DownIoadl Provides a history of the region as well as news and analysis of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict enclish derelhev Rollyo has added blog and news searches again from Yahoo to the results Rollyo makes it very easy to create save and edit custom searches Google Custom Search Engine http www google com coop cse overview Google got into the custom search game rather late In October 2006 Google announced its own version of a custom search engine In the announcement Google said When we say we're letting people build a custom search engine we mean the whole thing choosing which pages they want to include in their index how the content should be prioritized whether others can contribute to the index and what the search results page will look like Here's how a Custom Search Engine works organizations or individuals simply go to www google com coop cse and select the websites or pages they'd like to include in their search index Users can choose to restrict their search results to include only those pages and sites or they can give those pages and sites higher priority and ranking within the larger Google index when people search their site Users can then customize the look feel and functionality of their search engine 68 Google Press Release The Power of Google Search is Now Customizable 23 October 2006 http www google com press annc customsearch html 17 January 2007 68 UNCLA551FIEDIJpOR QFFICIAb US Q bY 189 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61AL l ISE ONLY After a telephone conference with Google's Marissa Mayer and the Google product managers search and Google expert John Battelle shared his comments which I think are excellent insights While similar to Rollyo's innovative custom roll the Google CSE adds the benefit of allowing users to roll an unlimited number of sites together and display the results on their own site with personalized presentation Someone on the call described this as the fragmentation of search The ability to build verticals will allow experts to build specialized engines But while the engines will be individual the collaborative element of tagging the domains encourages communities of knowledge to create together So while each will stand apart from the amazing all-in-one answer box the Custom Search will also allow a thickening or deepening of intelligent tags in Co-op which feeds the one box that unites them all http batteliemedia com archives 003006 php Not surprisingly you must have a Google account to use this service Also Google Custom Search includes AdSense sponsored links alongside search results but government sites non-profits and educational institutions are exempt from the advertising requirement To see the Google Custom Search in action take a look at Real Climate org's internal search http www realclimate org Even better check out Customsearchguide a directory of Google Custom Search Engines that others have created but you can use Here is an example of general science and technology custom searches G - Control Center CustomSearchGui __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ u_ _ _ m _ General Science And Technology Search Forms You Ale Here Home Technology General Science And Technology Search Forms BusineSS lnd rinanoe· He altti Media· Reference· Technology' Tra el Seateh Form EdiTor VisiTor Ratinq R llillg - - - nia Technology Search Description -Se-ar-ch-es-sc-ien-ce-a-nd-te-chn-ol-og-yr-eso-ur-ce-s Science and Engineering Search n a nfa Find info on science and engineering nia n a Searches science-oriented wiki sites ScienceWikls webmostets - Bloqqels Link here encourage people to use and vote for your favorite CSEs a h r e f » ''http tJlIlLJ customsea chguide cow cer ecor iesl teChnology general-science-1i tence And Technology 3ee l ch fot Ire a - t iti f • • i home· link to us • about • • privacy • Copyright © 2006 Moving Traffic Inc All Rights Reserved Customsearchguide 190 http WWW customsearchguide com UNCLASSIFIEDI1FO Ol 'l 'lelAL USE eNLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIiFOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY Yahoo Search Builder http builder search yahoo com Yahoo's custom search option requires registration and is very similar to others create your own search sites Rollyo predates the Yahoo Search Builder and also searches the Yahoo database giving you a good idea of what you can do with this tool http search live com macros default aspx Live Search Macros I discuss creating and finding search macros in the section devoted to Microsoft's Live Search Alexa Web Search Platform http websearch alexa com welcome html What has been for many the holy grail of search is now a big step closer to reality With little fanfare Amazon's Alexa subsidiary announced in December 2005 that it was opening up its search tools and index to the world in a new project named the Alexa Web Search Platform AWSP -and for a very modest price According to its website 'The Alexa Web Search Platform provides public access to the vast web crawl collected by Alexa Internet Users can search and process billions of documents and even create their own search engines using Alexa's search and publication tools Alexa provides compute and storage resources that allow users to quickly process and store large amounts of web data Users can view the results of their processes interactively transfer the results to their home machine or publish them as a new web service What exactly is Alexa offering to the user In essence Alexa gives the user whether an individual or organization access to the same kind of powerful technology used by Google Yahoo and Live Search Alexa spiders 4 billion to 5 billion pages a month and archives 1 terabyte of data a day The new platform will allow developers to build their own search engines The goal To democratize web search by taking it out of the hands of giants like Google and putting it into the hands of literally anyone and everyone The implications are enormous And it appears it is a hit In fact within a very short time of its initial opening Alexa had to cut off new applications temporarily because it was overloaded with customers wanting to sign up for the new service but the site soon reopened registration The Alexa Web Search Platform AWSP offers the user the capability to UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 191 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY define search AWSP has a much more robust set of search options syntax and APls than other search engines and also permits the use of stored canned queries the AWSP data store contains text html music video images and more types of files process users can search the entire Alexa data store and are able to process both the raw content and the metadata extracted by Alexa's internal processes publish the output of the search can be anything from one result to an entirely new vertical search engine for example a new video search engine or a new search engine for automotive parts Quite literally by making use of these utilities a user might introduce a great new search service to the world with nothing more than a home computer 69 The costs are modest and are based on consumption you pay for what you use and not for a subscription or service contract $1 per cpu hour $0 50 for reserved but unused hours $1 per GB year of user storage $1 per 50 GB processed $1 per GB uploaded downloaded $1 for every 4 000 user-published web service requests In case you're curious Alexa has a long history Now owned by Amazon Alexa was created by Bruce Gilliat and Brewster Kahle of Internet Archive fame and until now has been both famous and infamous as the technology behind the controversial web traffic and website statistics What's Related toolbar feature in both Netscape and Internet Explorer The new AWSP is actually integrated into Amazon's web services platform something no one has done before Simply stated Alexa Amazon are renting their huge database data store to any and all takers for a remarkably reasonable price and what is more offering detailed Alexa Web Search Platform User Guide Introduction What Can I Do with the Platform http pages alexa com awsp docs WebHelp AWSP User Guide hlm 17 January 2007 69 There is one example of something similar which came to my and some others' minds If you are familiar with IBM's WebFountain and its proprietary implementations for specific customers you may see some similarities WebFountain also spidered the web and then let IBM's customers run queries against that data set in more sophisticated ways than simple querying something akin to datamining However the problem with WebFountain and its progeny was that IBM had to write the programs and thereby hangs a tale of woe For more I recommend Jeff Dalton's blog entry on this topic I think he nails it Jeff Dalton Alexa Web Search Platform IBM WebFountain 2 0 Jeff's Search Cafe http searchcafe blogspot com 2005 12 alexa-web-search-platform-ibm html 70 192 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFIGIAL l ISE 9NLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL US OI' lL t user support on how to maximize the effectiveness of this data to get the most out of it The customer is empowered to write his own program to run against the Alexa Amazon data download the results metadata and even create his own private search engine on their platform Perhaps I am wrong but this could be a huge development perhaps even a major change in the way we use the web Amazon Web Services Platform http www amazon com gp browse html 1 04-1308416-9976726 node 3435361 Alexa Web Search Platform beta http websearch alexa com welcome html Alexa Web Search Platform Users Guide http pages alexa com awsp docs WebHelp AWSPUserGuide htm More Custom Search Sites There are other' sites offering customized search that you may want to experiment with to find one that best suits your needs Search expert Phil Bradley reviews some of these custom search sites in a two-part article on Searchenginewatch com Search Your Own Way Part I http searchenginewatch com showPage html page 3623434 and Part 2 http searchenginewatch com showPage html page 3623482 Eurekster's Swicki http swicki eurekster com PSS http www pssdir com Fagan Finder The Fagan Finder site has been a boon to searchers for some time not so much because of its basic interface which is a good but unexceptional megasearch tool but because of the many other useful tools site creator Michael Fagan has made available Fagan Finder File Format Search Instead of having to visit a number of different search engines to search for files in a variety of formats users can now go to the Fagan Finder search by File Format page which is still in beta testing but appears to be running just fine By selecting a specific file format e g Microsoft PowerPoint Fagan Finder automatically shows UNCLASSIFIEDfr'FOR 6FJilCIAL US OI Lt 193 DOClD 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL I JSE m LY which of the search engines is capable of searching for that particular type of file Not every search engine on the list searches for every file type Also keep in mind that the Fagan Finder file type search for XML is less precise than going directly to Google or Yahoo and searching by filetype in Google and by originurlextension in Yahoo If you use one of these search engines you can specify that you only want to search for say those files that are rss by entering the query filetype rss or originurlextension rss These queries will return only those documents in RSS format not those in XML or RDF So I recommend using the Fagan Finder search by file type for files types other than XML RSS or RDF W¥r IAimMwm jjtji· n ifil • Sponsors Search Engine Q mimi fQn RllY I e'd Li lJJ1'i Q Q Y Search Engine 0 Google int o r Yahoo r Gigabla st ' Teoma Exalead ' · Seirus ' Sensts File FOlilld t r Ad Obe Portable Document Format r gj A dooe PostScnpt c Micro soft Excel r @ Mieros Oft PowerPoint r MicrosOfl Word Mlcroso fl Works Mlcrosofl write Rich Text Format Cor el worcs errect ' l cB ' ® r r r r Lotu s 1-2-3 G'Lotus W ordPro Star Office ' MaeWr e ' Macromedla Flash c @ Text XML r ' Autog Q About t his Tool • This tool uses enables ea sy access to searching for various non -IITML standard web page file formats C ertain docum ents are commorJy used for different purp oses for examp le many academic pa pers are in Ad obe Portable Do cument F ormat Because this tool mak es us e of other tools it is limited by their functionality Se arching in Googe for XML files for example use s the file extensions xml rdf and r55 which mean s that not all XML files are includ ed and some ncn -Xbdl files may be included File Viewi n g Different file formats require differe nt softw are to view those files Adobe P ortabl e Document F ormat for instance requires _l1 d obe Reader s ctrus nd s ensrs S cirus is a search engine for scientific information it include s Adobe Portab le Docum ent Forma t files in addition 10 standard web pages It is powered by f Se arch Transfer the former owner of the Allrht We b search engine Se mis is a search engine which has both w orld and AuslTaIi · options Res tricting by file fonn at is not perfect yet as some results return ed may not b e of the requ est ed type Fagan Finder Search by File Type http www faganfinder com filetype URLinfo http www faganfinder com urlinfo The indefatigable Michael Fagan also introduced a beta version of a new tool URLinfo in mid-2004 URLinfo fills a void created when AlitheWeb effectively shut down and took with it the useful uri investigator While Yahoo now offers Site Explorer and Google a lame version info domain com Fagan's URLinfo provides many more options for exploring a site As with everything he does Fagan has gone all out with URLinfo almost to the point of providing too many options However he has done a smart thing in keeping the main URLinfo page simple hiding the nearly 85 investigative tools in his toolkit behind a variety of tabs I think URLinfo is important and valuable enough to spend time looking at most of the options in some detail 194 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL I JS QNb¥ OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL YSE Ot LY Here is a snapshot of the URLinfo main page aliiilAA J MMii m j f-fW#@k¥ Search Engine Fil e Ec rm nt 0 fgAdobe Portable Document Format c AdObe PostScript c Microsoft Excel r @ Mlcrosoft PowerPoint 0 Google into c Yahoo I c Gigablast r I Star Office r MacWnte r Macromedla Flash r @Text r XML r El Autoi - q @Rich Text Format r Corel worcserrect lJiIlHiuHiH' Lotus 1-2-3 c tJ Lotus WorOPro r tID Microsoft Word r r l Microsoft Works r 8 Microsoft Wnte r r PIJ ' Teoma r ExaleaO r scirus r sensis 2i Aboutthis Tool This tool uses enables easy access to searchingfor variousnon-H'IML standard web page file formats Certain documents are commonly used for different purposes for example many Academic papers are in Adobe P ortable Document Format Because this tool makes use of other tools it is limitedby their functionality Searching in Google for Xl1JLfile s for example uses the file extensions xrnl rdf and rss which means that not all XML files are included and some non- x MLfiles may be included File Viewing Differentfile formats require different software to view those files Adobe Portable Document Fermat for instance requires Adobe R••der sc frus 1nd sensrs Scirus is a search enginefar scientific information it includesAdobe Portable Document Format files n addition to standard web pages It is powered by Fast Search Transfer the fermer owner of the AlIth Wel search engine Sensis is a search engine which has both world and Australia options Reslrictingby file format is not perfect yet as some results returned may not be of the requested type Note the eleven tabs at the top behind each of which is a range of investigatory options For help using URLinfo simply click on the dark blue info link on the far right The first step in using URLinfo is to enter a uri address in the search box at the top of the page Keep in mind that if you enter a uri in the search box and simply hit return you will be taken to that webpage not to information about it Entering a uri can prove to be more problematic than you might think because not every URLinfo tool can handle the same format For example in the General tab the one most users are likely to use most frequently you will get very different results depending on the type of uri entered For basic com org net info biz and us domains Domain Tools is great However for any other top-level domain you must use Global Whois and it will not search on anything but first-level domain names This means that neither Domain Tools nor Global Whois can look up www duma gov ru Global Whois however will find first-level domains such as www feb-web ru This does not mean you cannot find information about www duma gov ru Take a look at the results from the first tab Alexa As you can see you get lots of data about the Russian Duma website Note that there are many additional useful links from the Alexa page including one to the Internet Archive 's Wayback machine UNCLASSIFIEDNF9R OFFlelAL tJSE ONLy 195 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJl gRg ICIAL U5Ei O ILY ImnmUttttJ3D Web Directory Web Search Idume gov ru Cjpiij iiiii II cxzsr _ • ' ''- '''' _'_N ' -- Get TraffIc Details JT p 500 EXPLORE THIS SITE rOCYA3pCTseHH3l'1 AyMO ¢leAeponbHoro COOPOHI1R POCCI1HCI OH ¢leAepo 'j itT ' 0 Overview ¢ Trafj c Details Q Related Lirlk'2 T O¢H1l l-1a nbHbIH cepeep V1CTOpl-1s r - f 1t'v e s Sh al ern I per n3MeHT Fccynapcree-n-cr QVMbl HH¢lopMau lul 0 ee Ilenyrarcxaa xcpnyc 3aKOHo n areJ1bCTBO PeD V1H¢loPM84HA npecc·c ny K6bl » snes Unkll'g 3aKoHOAaTeJ1bHO Ae HeJ1bHOCn1 in SponsoredLinks Raid The B -lI1kl v'lon lY you nevsr knew you were missitlg Flee CQII QQ Netpess FreeAccess o the VVeb's T0P Subscription sit' sl Traffic Rank for govru 14 249 Share your thoughts Pe ople who visit this pose Iso visit Nrite a e-vj 'w on Amazon corn E rnad a Inend about thrs si1e Quick • Mmlst 'v '' '' ' t' 'i tt - Sit' info Pie n Plesi dent kl eruliu • uthuama ' · 'JI 'j-Sjteinfo • Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraln ' v' ''''' • Oweruul Rom ' ' '' v _ '_'I - ' ' 'I nv 11 - Site info SilE' infu e The Alexa database contains site statistics contact information similar pages and more What is Alexa Many things but most interesting and useful is Alexa's Site Information Alexa has built an unparalleled database of information about sites that includes statistics related links and more All of this information can be found on Alexa's Site Overview pages Traffic Detail pages and Related Links pages To access these pages simply type the URL of any site into the Alexa Search box Alexa Site Information http www alexa com site company 196 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFIGIAL l ISE ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOIfFOR OFFlOIJltL l ISE ONLY GibeD SernanllC data extractor fvborSearch Travel Back in Time I Site Stat for gov ru I Tf IBif'T 1If IIIVf • Traffic Rank for gov ru 58 371 -852 • Speed Very Fast 95% of sites are slower Avg Load Time 4 Seconds what's this Use the Wayback Machine to see now • Other sites that link to this site 172 • Online Since 1O-Jul-1997 rOCy ' apcT88HHa tyt1 3 1VB nepa nbHoro C06paHM l 'oCCY iCK61 looked In See Traffic netett ceaeoa the past Contact Info for gov ru RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT INTERNET NETWORK RGIN Track Your Website Statistics The NEW Hitst ink tracks even 70952062863 Fax 70952067355 webadmin@duma gov ru more live data on your visitors with advanced keyword analysis QHITBLINK Take llt Free Friel User Reviews for qov ru Be the first person to wnte a review of this site on Amazon coml Look for similar sites by category POC CI1 J i ioCytltaPCTBO 3cKOHOAar€' l1oH 3s 1 Espona I POCC ·l- J i iOCYAapc T80 • Vvorld l PU5si 3n CrpaHb1 II pen1C'Hbl Espana I 8 naCTo i rOC VAapCrEl€ HH a5i llyMa • Vvorld Pussian CrpaHb q perVlC'Hbl I Let's look at a different uri for the SurfWax results What you are seeing are SurfWax SiteSnaps TM which count the number of links images words and forms on a page shows the meta description tag and extracts 'key points' and 'FocusWords ' This is a very useful way to analyze a website without actually visiting it though the amount of information is considerably less for some sites than others cf www fateh net Gibeo Semantic data extractor FyberSE'dlCh SurfWax SiteSnaps ™ li f l patent p@nding i J r atlonal t ibrarv o f Australia tillp if_ _9 il_' Links 32 • lmaqes 8 • Words 383 Forms' 0 Author Summary Our collections and services underpinAustralian cultural life and intellectual pursuits We are the preeminent source for the documentary record of Australia and its place in the world This site provides access to our catalogue and links 10other information resources details of our collections and services upcoming events at the Library the NLA Shop and Informationon our Initiatives in the field of information management Site's FocusWords a- AuslraIzQnLibl aFH' Qt l'- i11 jli0410 7 64 Q e li 'etion c l lJZ' fJli · staafl orul o m -lta4o'J otJlo Q C fA'Jrtl'aliJr Ijblariflf £' 1IfIOrl'I 1' 5J 'i J L-iill r1' t hg f S '_ P ' tkl s j 9 ' C E hl olti'_tas l L'pIJotS ' -1J1DE5I11DE S D T oIASES HDME c ' T ' lOr -UE f·SK ir l 'rmalifltaj'-'UlIHy Q bJB miili'll' lotms Q a Q Q a G NJ119r al Lit-racy kl _ _' _ f_' 'k ll U firel i 'phClnesvstE rr thE mair F'icture t uri'Alia nato ' aod h r1 i ry lit·riH S Ito''' QI c lIf1fa jil rnl l i 1 il'lm- llbfilfi sf u 'lrilhJ UNCLASSIFIEOilrOR OFFIOIAL l ISE ONLY 197 OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE Of4LY The next tab is a link to Stumble Upon a collaborative bookmarking service If people who belong to the service have recommended a site Stumble Upon will show who they are any comments the category it is in and the page size The tab for 7Search brings up some interesting results including the website's traffic ranking how many people visit it number of links to the site link popularity language area of service contact information Open Directory category and ''TrustGauge '' TrustGauge is a commercial program that measures how trustworthy a site is in terms of such things as the amount and quality of contact information secure billing third party validations e g Truste seal and what people think of the site About TJRLUli · o rl U l i r· ' t ' e ' E In l g Y alida t ed i te c n nl of y c ur on l l · lJ ' r tt ' # tO i· ' 1 r n Sea l of Approval from n 1 im nro 'J'E voc r c hl d 1 J l t N· S'J r 'H im illJe r o i h v c -ur I t l e r ' ru rt y H 1 TrustGauge Domain Info for fareh ne ' Fateh Pa1est man movement founded by Vasser Arafa Conta ct lnfnun aslon 019 1 1 'ltI011 Rating lnt ermarlon Tr NJA L mg u ue Ar of serviee WA 5 8' how fatel-I net u 9d tl' 100 ' Webm lstel tnform atleu tncroase your l msIG' H1 ge r t Scole Add yOlll w e hs ite lomkhlg among 010 s ite s 394 493 Site lnfntmation i ll folm l i o n h elt • JUnk i ng i n it s category I'lfo d d t ru by Ru riojlo-ttG 7 T u st G uIi lCO p ro v ld fl U by TN$ ' 'tjll C 'm c j J t u Ir U' t- rc t o l L ink ' po inting to thi a site Unk I Ol'ularity r an kin g 1 738 70 776 p rowld 4 f • • b liN- JT oYo v e c rr OIfPniution R evi ew Web i1e R evi e Revi e ws Com p' ainlsn e w NlA HIA read I wt t tl' R mldll g colII allks this she il ln Irs c e 9 I Y Close The remainder of the General tab links are metaEUREKA metaEUREKA shows information about the page last modified date page size meta information description keywords author web server information and the number of backl inks Furl Furl is a collaborative bookmarking system This tool allows you to see the comments others have written about a webpage Del icio _us Del icio us is a collaborative bookmarking system This tool allows you to see the comments others have written about a webpage 198 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAL bJSi QNbY Gibeo Gibeo allows anyone to annotate any part of a web page and others can comment on the annotation Gibeo requires registration Semantic data extractor The Semantic data extractor finds information about a page metadata page outline by looking at its HTML code The next tab is for Links This is pretty straightforward The first two links are to Yahoo the first for the link command links to a specific page and the second for the Yahoo Site Explorer or alternately linkdomain command links to a website The next is the Live Search MSN link search and then the Google link command which no longer shows all links as it once did Gigablast does not show all links to a page either The links from blogs is a very useful service because it lets you check to see if a website is mentioned in a number of weblogs very quickly I expect Technorati to give the best results Blogpulse Intelliseek's Blog search was not working when I tried it Bloglines Backlinks from blogs known to Bloglines an online RSS Atom aggregator Blogdex is defunct Technorati Backlinks from blogs known to the Technorati blog indexer Each result is shown with an extract containing the link Feedster Backlinks from blogs known to the Feedster RSS Atom search engine BlogDigger Backlinks from blogs known to the BlogDigger RSS Atom search engine Waypath Backlinks from blogs known to the Waypath blog indexer each is listed with the date that the link was first seen and an extract from the page Unlike some other backlinks tools Waypath lists the permalinks rather than blog home pages Daypop Backlinks from blogs and news websites known to the Daypop search engine BlogRollinq BlogRolling is a service for bloggers to include blogrolls lists of blogs on their own blogs This shows what users include the given site on their blogroll UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL I ISE ONLY 199 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDf1Fe eFFlelAL USE eNLY Popdex Backlinks from blogs as well as the date of linkage known to the Popdex blog indexer The Similar tab is not entirely self-explanatory Alexa UCmore Furl and Google all try to show related or similar websites though not in the same way Alexa shows 'people who visit this page also visit ' UCmore clusters related pages by topic Furl is a collaborative bookmarking tool so it only shows pages bookrnarked by the same person of dubious use and Google's related pages is in Fagan's and my opinion of poor quality Google News will show related news articles but only if the original article has been indexed by Google News The Waypath tool looks for blog entries about a website and Waypath is showing no links to http www google com and two hits on http www microsoft com There is obviously a problem with this specific search The Cache tab is much more useful at this time Fagan has done us all the great service of bringing the search tools that cache webpages together so they can be searched from one convenient interface Also URLinfo makes it possible to see Google's cached pages without images style sheets or forms with Google plain Openfind is an Asian search engine and does not yet have an English version I was unable to figure out how their caching works because of the language barrier For news and blogs Daypop caches each page it crawls Its cache is often the most up-to-date copy of the page and it shows the exact time that the copy was made Here's the low-down on the other general cache tools at Fagan Finder Internet Archive The Internet Archive has been crawling the web and caching pages since 1996 The Wayback Machine allows you to view the copies made during any of those crawls and also to compare any two versions of the same page Google When Google crawls the web it stores a copy of each web page This is the most recent copy This can also be used as a means of viewing some non-HTML files converted to HTML Google plain Google's stripped cache with images styles style sheets and forms removed Gigablast Gigablast does not provide direct access to its cache You must follow the link labeled archived copy Gigablast's cache shows the date on which the copy was made 200 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l I8 9Nb¥ DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY Openfind Openfind is an Asian search engine their English version is under construction Spurl Spurl is a collaborative online bookmarking tool Whenever someone using Spurl bookmarks a page a cached copy is stored So Spurl may contain many different copies of the same page on different dates and times which can be accessed from a selection box at the top of any Spurl cached page IncyWincy This is the cached version of a web page from when it was last crawled by IncyWincy That date is shown at the top of the page Scrub The Web Cached version of the page from the Scrub The web search engine Ay-Up Cached version of the page from the Ay-Up search engine Objects Search Cached version of the page from the Objects Search engine Objects Search has a small index so don't expected every page to be cached After using this tool follow the link below the page you want labeled 'cached ' SearchSpider This is the cached version of a web page from when it was last crawled by SearchSpider Most pages appear to have been last cached during July 2003 The Search section is pretty much self-explanatory except that MSN searches Live and Teoma searches Ask Fagan explains the Slogs Feeds tab very well for those who are interested in searching weblogs and RSS or Atom news feeds The Translate tab simply sends your request to Fagan Finder's superb Translation Wizard discussed in the online dictionary and translators' section The Track and Post tabs are in general not going to be useful for most of you in your work environment The Develop tab offers an excellent selection of web authoring resources such as validation editing spelling cacheability and keyword analysis tools One tool users may not recognize and which could prove quite useful is Traffic from Alexa Here's Fagan's description 'Shows a logarithmic graph of a website's not a web page popularity over time as determined by Alexa Alexa gathers this data from users of their toolbar The six-month graph is shown by default You can also use this tool to compare the popularity of a second website Also shown are popular subdomains reach per million users average page views per user etc ' I find the graphic representation is so much clearer than the results from a tool such as Google PageRank which is not a Google product by the way Traffic also lets UNCLASSIFIEDJJJ OR OFFICIAL tJSE OlcJt f 201 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFl61AL USE m4LY users compare two sites and shows you Where do people go on the site It's a gold mine of data about the sites in Alexa's top 100 000 unfortunately most of the sites I wanted to research were not in that top group so no statistics were available when a site fell below the 100 000 threshold In case the Google PageRank tool confuses you it normally requires users to download and install the Google Toolbar However you can access the Google PageRank option from URLinfo without the Google Toolbar The results look rather mysterious but the PageRank is there In the following example AOL's home page has a page rank of 8 where 10 is the highest and Google gets a 10 ranking by the way http www aol com PR Toolbar 9 PR Actual 9 Finally under Mise you'll find the tools that didn't quite fit anywhere else One word of caution about BugMeNot this is a service for sharing login information for websites that require user registration and as such its ethics is questionable I do not recommend using it It may also violate organizational Internet usage rules I think URLinfo will prove to be a very useful if not indispensable tool for researchers but I also think the key to using it effectively is not using every bell and whistle Fagan Finder's URLinfo beta http www faganfinder com urlinfo Wikipedia Wikipedia http en wikipedia org The 2007 edition is the first to include a separate section on and discussion of Wikipedia and the entire wiki phenomenon The extraordinary growth and success of Wikipedia demand recognition and comment Although the numbers change constantly in mid-2006 Wikipedia sites were the twelfth most visited Internet sites among US properties up over 300 percent from the 'previous year 1 On March 1 2006 Wikipedia reached one million articles and the site receives as many as Safa Rashtchy et aI Silk Road Solid Search Results Could Boost the Sector PiperJaffray Industry Note 10 July 2006 available at John Battelle 's Searchblog http battellemed ia com archives Rashtchy%20-%20Silk%20Road%20071 O pdf PDF 14 November 2006 71 202 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlel L USE ONLY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNtp'QR GFFl6IAL I Jse Or4LY fourteen thousand hits per second n Just what is the Wikipedia itself and the wiki concept in general that have led to a level of success that is nothing short of astounding For an excellent overview I turn to my colleague Diane White's article from an internal publication many of you read The WorthWhile Web In the May 2006 edition Diane wrote In true Ouroborosian fashion the Wikipedia defines itself as a 'multilingual Webbased free-content encyclopedia written collaboratively by volunteers allowing most articles to be changed by anyone with access to a web browser and an Internet connection ' It exists as a wiki which again Wikipedia self-defines as 'a type of website that allows anyone visiting the site to add remove or otherwise edit all content very quickly and easily often without the need for registration ' Truly collaboration to the extreme wikis are the latest trend in open-ended community involvement and public debate But it also conjures fears of authority and validity run amok and general mischief and vandalism Wikis are popping up everywhere but just what are they and how did they become so ubiquitous More to the point can they be trusted or are they just the work of a few people with big egos and lots of time The term wiki is a shortened form of the Hawaiian language term wiki wiki which is commonly used as an adjective to denote something quick or fast It is also sometimes interpreted as the backronym for What I Know Is The invention of the wiki is credited to Ward Cunningham author of the book The Wiki Way AddisonWesley Longman March 2001 ISBN 0-201-71499-X The first wiki WikiWikiWeb was created in 1994 and installed on the web by Cunningham in 1995 73 Once begun almost anyone can edit a wiki often without actually registering to do so Wikis can be on any subject on every subject and in multiple languages The most famous wiki Wikipedia was begun in 2001 initially as part of a broader peerreviewed project and later as a stand-alone 'neutral point of view' product Guided from the beginning by Larry Sanger and Jimmy Wales today it is available in over 100 languages with over 1 million articles in the English edition alone Questions of Validity and Reliability But can Wikis be trusted From almost the beginning people have questioned the wiki's seemingly radical departure from traditional methods of scholarship that is the use of a community of interested parties instead of the work of appointed experts In the December 2005 issue of Nature there began a major debate over which site was more 'right ' Wikipedia or the fee-based $85 year Britannica Online with the conclusion being that 'Wikipedia comes close to Britannica in terms of the 72 Stacy Shiff Can Wikipedia Conquer Expert ise The New Yorker 24 July 2006 http www newyorker com factlcontentlarticles 060731fa fact 14 November 2006 73 Wikipedia Wikipedia The Free Encycloped ia http en wikipedia orq wikilW ikipedia 23 August 2006 UNCLASSrFIEDiI'I 'O OliFICIAL US Ol' lLf 203 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFeR eFFlOIAL I ISE ONbY accuracy of its science entries '74 From there it has escalated with refutations and calls for retraction from Encylopaedia Britannica and heated responses from Nature Wikipedia itself has steered clear of this particular fray however it does attempt to respond to criticism and has a page on its site for common criticisms It also addresses issues such as copyright vandalism and authorship So what's the bottom line The same as it's always been When performing thorough research be it Internet-based or otherwise the onus is always on the researcher to check sources validity and authority The speed and relative ease at which changes can be made to a wiki while good for consensus correction and corroboration are not so good for measured and thoughtful debate A number of articles in Wikipedia are sourced but many are not and just because it's on the Internet does not mean it is true In addition merely because it's free does not mean Wikipedia is more suspect and Britannica is more reliable There is an argument to be made for being so passionate about a topic that you feel the need to share that passion with the world But one man's passion is also another's conceit There is a counter to every argument a rebuttal to every claim Like it or not wikis and wiki behaviors have entered the mainstream just like blogs and MySpace and the iPod Love it or hate it if you are involved in open source research you need to know about wikis 75 The Wikipedia Itself The Good the Bad and the Dubious As Diane White clearly indicates there are many many wikis now available on the Internet and their numbers continue to increase at present I want to focus on Wikipedia itself because it remains the center of the wiki universe and thus far shows no signs of decline Many Wikipedia critics mourn the decline of traditional encyclopedias because they are thinking of an encyclopedia such as Britannica in its current form that is the most authoritative source of information and ideas the definitive source of knowledge ' 76 According to Tom Panelas Britannica's Director of Corporate Communications We can't cover as many things as they Wikipedia do but we wouldn't even try to What they do is very different from what we do We don't have an article on extreme ironing and we shouldn't ' 74 Jim Giles Internet Encyclopaedias Go Head to Head Nature 14 December 2005 last updated 28 March 2006 http www nature com news 2005 051212 full 438900a html 14 November 2006 75 Diane White Wikis and the Wikipedia The WorthWhile Web May 2006 http www fggm osis govlWorthwhile archive 20060501 html Paula Berinstein Wikipedia and Britannica The Kids Are All Right And So's the Old Man Information Today March 2006 http www infotoday com searcher mar06 berinstein shtmI 11 September 2006 76 77 Berinstein 204 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFeR eFFlCllIcL liSE er4LY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDilFOR OJlJilelJ l L I JSE Q lbY However Britannica today and by extension any other encyclopedia is very different from Britannicas of the past In thinking about this controversy I was reminded of a passage in The Fatal Shore Robert Hughes' masterpiece about the founding of modern Australia Hughes writes about one transported convict Thomas Palmer who finished his sentence and went into business with his close friend John Boston Neither man had much business experience but they possessed a singular advantage the only encyclopedia in the colony With it they taught themselves to make beer Then they learned how to make soap Next they looked up 'ship' and after some trial and error contrived to build a somewhat cranky but 9 adequate small vessel for trading stores to Norfolk Island emphasis addedf Their lone encyclopedia probably made it possible for these men not merely to survive but to thrive in this perilous new world The modern encyclopedia is very different from the encyclopedias of earlier centuries which bear rather more resemblance to the Wikipedia than to the current Britannica in that the older encyclopedias were not only sources of knowledge but also practical how-to guides and almanacs In other ways however encyclopedias are and always were quite different from the Wikipedia They have always relied upon paid experts whose work is reviewed and edited And they have always been for-profit enterprises Wikipedia relies almost entirely upon individual users to create edit maintain and often argue about its entries It is free and carries no advertising it is a nonprofit and has a tiny staff For practical purposes Wikipedia has no physical limits it could conceivably continue to expand indefinitely something no print encyclopedia could ever do Its content is open that is almost any topic can be included traditional encyclopedias generally do not include how-to instructions How to draw a diagram with Microsoft Word new or transient popular culture 24 The TV Series or breaking stories JonBenet Ramsey Wikipedia's heavy emphasis on current events and popular culture bespeak a prejudice of the present at the expense of the important it favors the fashionable over the important 7aln what must be one of the most profound examples of friendship since Damon and Pythias Boston actually traveled voluntarily with his wife to New South Wales to keep Palmer company Anyone who has read about a sea voyage from England to Australia at that time knows the trip in and of itself was a major sacr ifice Robert Hughes The Fatal Shore New York Vintage Books 1988 180 79 Hughes 180 UNCLASSIFIEDilJiO OFFICIAL USE eNL'f 205 DOClD 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 80 » Wikipedias are available in 229 languages These are not always just translations of the English language Wikipedia but often contain their own content » Wikipedia 's eight-word self-description- neutral and unbiased compilation of previously written verifiable facts -usually keeps out articles about my funniest dreams and what they mean no original research allowed but firefights over controversial topics and outright vandalism occur on a regular basis » In 2006 comedian Steven Colbert's amusing rant against wikiality and truthiness i e that reality and truth are what the most people say they are and his charge to his viewers to change a Wikipedia article on African elephants caused the entire site to go down temporarily His point is well taken if enough Wikipedians agree that the earth is flat then the Wikipedia will reflect that wikiality While that is an absurd example people vehemently and often violently disagree over the most basic topics try to think of anything that isn't controversial » Wikipedia does not favor the PhD over the well-read fifteen year 0Id 80 While the democratization of knowledge and information has a certain appeal the fact that Wikipedia pages dealing with policies rules administration coordination and other metadata now comprise thirty percent of Wikipedia indicates that the free-for-all nature of Wikipedia is giving ground to the harsh reality of the need for crowd control There is a fine line between democracy and mob rule » There is no weighting of the relative significance of any topic compare the Wikipedia entries on the Beatles v Boethius Judged by sheer quantity articles on popular culture far exceed those of traditional scholarly topics Given its potentially limitless size this may not be a drawback but if everything from 'The Simpsons to The Nicomachean Ethics is on an equal footing then aren't we back to the Colbert criticism that all objective standards are obliterated » Diane White correctly identified Wikipedia 's ouroborosian nature it is fiercely self-referential in that all the works cited in this creature of the Internet are also on the Internet » Some critics maintain that emergent enterprises such as Wikipedia reflect an online collectivism that lead to a kind of group think and produce poor quality results that both appeal to and are a product of the lowest common Shiff Can Wikiped ia Conquer Expertise 206 UNCLA551FIEDUEOR QI FI61AL SE OP4lY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlYliOft OlililelAL tiS ONLY denominator For more on this topic read Jaron Lanier's now famous think piece Digital Maoism and the many responses to it on Edge org 81 Finally Wikipedia has no editorial quality review Traditional encyclopedias do not guarantee zero mistakes what they do promise are strong scholarship sound judgment and disciplined editorial review 82 All this being said nothing is going to stop people from using Wikipedia as a reference in many cases their primary source for information Some search engines-for example Ask-now proudly display Wikip dia responses at the top of the results list Most will return Wikipedia links near the top The best advice I can give you vis-a-vis Wikipedia and related community generated resources is as follows Use multiple sources Do not as a rule rely on Wikipedia as your sole reference or source of information Any Wikipedia entry that is not well sourced should raise a red flag Trust but Verify Look for verification of Wikipedia information from sources such as traditional references that have been through editorial review encyclopedias dictionaries scholarly peer-reviewed publications university websites books etc Follow those links The best thing about Wikipedia in my opinion are the external links from entries with the virtual demise of web directories Wikipedia fills that void by supplying excellent links to what are often the best websites on a topic Be skeptical The more controversial the topic the more skepticism you need to apply to the Wikipedia entry For example the article Asteroid is quite well done but there isn't quite the controversy about that topic that there is about say Hezbollah an article that was locked because of vandalism Wikipedia has an internal search option but as any Wikipedia user knows it is not the best way to search Wikipedia First unlike virtually every search engine on the web its default is OR not AND meaning it searches for ANY of the terms you enter To search Wikipedia content you are better off using a separate search engine either one of the major search engines or a specialty search tool designed to search Wikipedia Jaron Lanier Digital Maoism Edge org June 2006 http www edge org 3rd culture lanier06 lanier06 index html 14 November 2006 81 Britannica Rips Nature Magazine on Accuracy Study Encyclopedia Britannica Corporate Website 24 March 2006 http corporate britannica com press releases nature html 14 November 2006 82 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL l J5E ONLY 207 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDl1fiO OfifilelAL tiS Or LY How to Check Links from Wikipedia Wikipedia has a special page that lets users easily check to see which Wikipedia pages have links to a specific webpage It even includes a wildcard function Here's how it works You can search for a specific link or a very general one Here are examples of both starting with a general search using a wildcard nasa gov Search web links A «Idt rd m t be us d allhe sl 1 ofti e ame Olily fo e am ie ·· ' krp dia f· M sO gov Seerch '9 · I Showing belollJ up 10SO resuUs starling wilh

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1 View previous 50 next 50 20 I 50 100 I 250 I 500 1 http leorud a -c nasa gov meteor htmlt i'linked from Leonids View previous 50 next 50 20 I 50 I 100 I 250 I 500 This is a very useful tool if you need to find out what pages in Wikipedia link to a specific site Be sure to follow these basic rules for using this feature 1 a full domain name e g www nasa gov this will only find links to this specific domain OR 2 a partial domain name with a wildcard e g nasa gov this will find links to any site at nasa gov such as ase arc nasa gov OR 3 a full domain name plus directory and or webpage e g Ieonid arc nasa gov meteor html this will find links only to this specific webpage Some Wikipedias other than the English language version have a similar page For example the German language Wikipedia link search page is http de wikipedia org wiki Spezial Linksearch If you use the English Wikipedia link below and substitute the appropriate language digraph for the en you can find these non-English language link search pages See this page http meta wikimedia org wiki List of Wikipedias for all the Wikipedias and the appropriate digraph Search English Wikipedia Web Links http en wikipedia org w index php title Special%3ALinksearch Wiki Search Engines FUTEF Beta http futef com FUTEF which uses is own proprietary search engine provides both a list of relevant articles but also a list of related categories that can be used to further refine a search FUTEF handles non-Latin searches something not every Wikipedia search engine can do Try a search on LI JlJpvl1 and you will see that FUTEF finds this term in the English language Wikipedia UNCLASSIFIEDiiIiO OlililelAL l ISE ONLY 209 D OClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE m4LY Qwika http www gwika com Qwika indexes English German French Japanese Italian Dutch Portuguese Spanish Greek Korean Chinese and Russian wikis the original content is combined with machine translated content to from English However when searching for a non-Latin term Qwika will only find that term in the international Wikipedia not the English language Wikipedia even if it is e g LIJUPVIl LuMriX http wiki lumrix net LuMirX uses AJAX technology and searches English German Japanese French Polish Italian Swedish Dutch Portuguese Russian Danish Spanish Finnish Norwegian Hungarian Turkish and Chinese Wikipedias However when searching for a non-Latin term LuMriX will only find that term in the international Wikipedia not the Enqllsh language Wikipedia even if it is there e g e me Clusty's Wikipedia Search English only http wikLclusty com One of the best Wikipedia search engines Clusty not only searches the Wikipedia it clusters the results into easy to understand categories that make it possible to zero in on the appropriate subtopic Its main drawback is that the search is limited to the English-language Wikipedia ClWrv ITopics J All Resul ts 200 P II llle l Live3 36 CI 1U dhls 2 A lexa el 25 l en el MOI 111 1 5 Phll ll ell CI ltef 3 Cic e lil 11 S HU11111 1 2 NIIIII P OII i1ill 1 0 Top 200 results 01 at least 568 retrievedlor the query phlla eh Details 1 Plutarch l'l ' - - - MeSlrius Plu ta t ch ns cz § -ca pos11 27 was a Greek histo rian biographer and es sa 'fisl Born in the small Iown of Ch a r D nea in the Greek region known as Boeolia probably during the reign of Ihe Roman Emperor Claudius Plutarch travelledwidely in the M @ n ea n world including twice to £ Rome He had a number of influential Roman friends including Q § i i £ne cio and E ill Q _Q Y_ both ' ' important Senators 10whom some of his later writings were dedicated He lived most of his life at Chaeronea and was initiated inl o Ihe mysteries of the Greek go d However his duties as the senior of the Iwo priests of Apollo at the Of lcle of Delphi where he was responsible for interpreling the auguries of the Pythia or priestess oracle apparently occupied little of his time - he led a most active social and civic life and produced an incredible body of writings much ofwhich is still extant 'J ' Ul -' n · vill'rJF Jia orgtvl lY iiPil t81ch 2 Plutarc h of Eretria Mel e Expl I 5 Plut arc h in Greek n D lJT a p xO livad 41hcentury Be was a i@ of Elel ria in Eubol '3 W hether he was the P l lnl 1ey M l cu$ 6 immediate successor of 'l hem ls on and also whether he was in any way connected with him by blood are points which we have no means of ascertaining Trusting perhaps to the influence of hls friend Meidias he applied to the mo rel Athenians in 354 Be for aid against his rwal Calhas of Chal is who had allied himsell with Philip of Macedon The application was granled in spite of lhe resistance of Demcsthenes and the command of the expedition was entrusted to Phocion who defealed CaUias at Tamynae in 350 Be But the conduct of Plutarch in the bailie had placed the Athenians in greal jeopardy and Ihough it may have been nothing more Ihan rashness Phocion would seem to have ' 9ard d it as treach erj for he the nceforth Heated Plutarch as an enemy and expelled him from Eretria en - o11 lpe d m g I '- Il lj l a l h_ C£ r 3 Plut arch cra ter e Pluta rch IS a lunar impact crater that lies near Ihe north-northeastern limb of the Moon Just 10 the soulh of the irregular Seneca crater To the southeast is the flooded Cannon crater The proximity of this crater to the limb causes it to appear foreshortened when viewed from the Earth but it is actually a circular formation sn ' I ' lo ppr i cag 'wiJ i iutal c h_i c at r • Parallel Lives e Pluta rch 's Uves of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a senes of biographies of famous men arranged In tandem to illummate their common moral virtues or Ilved As he explains in the first paragraph of hIS Life of Alexander Pl llI lIth was not concerned with wr in g hislo ries as such but in exploring the influence the historic figures there are also links 10 several on-line 'Versions of Plu tilfch's LUes see also · Othe links section below 0 Dryden is famous or _ 210 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED 1r6R 6r lel CL l ISE 6NL' Wikiseek http wikiseek com Launched in early 2007 Wikiseek was created with the assistance of Wikipedia although it is not a part of Wikipedia The contents of Wikiseek are restricted to Wikipedia pages and only those sites which are referenced within Wikipedia making it an authoritative source of information less subject to spam and SEQ schemes Wikiseek utilizes Searchme's category refinement technology providing suggested search refinements based on user tagging and categorization within Wikipedia making results more relevant than conventional search engines http www wikiseek com Wikiseek uses AJAX technology to create changing tag clouds of possible terms as you type This is a good way to find articles within English language Wikipedia and to search sites referenced in Wikipedia but it is by no means a substitute for a general search engine Results from Wikipedia are identified by the VI icon The tag cloud that appears at the top of each successful search is designed to show related categories to help users either narrow or broaden a search Keep in mind these are user-generated tags so many of them e g Japanese terms do not correspond to Wikipedia categories Wikise'ek tsunami Disasters 1 1 1 All Results 1 10 of about 3 389 for tsunami 0 01 seconds W Tsunami Sponsored Links For other meanings of tsunami see tsunami disambiguation A tsunami pronounced or is a series of waves created when a body of water such as an ocean is rapidly displaced on a massive scale en I·· 'B_ipedra org v·r'ik rrsunami - « r t I §I 'V Tsunami WflIT Jll' 1 ysLE rn This gives time for a possible tsunami forecast to be made and warnings to be issued to threatened areas if warranted A tsunami warning system is a system to detect tsunamis and Issue warnings to prevent loss of life and pronertv en wlk jJe-dI 3 arg 'Ik rr unam'_· varnlng_zy _ - o t r -f 'L' @ Tsunami F-Ltur s - TsunGimls com - Tsunami Pi· ture-s Tsunami E-mail and website Scams i rsuneml Charities Information Tsunami News HOME ' Missing People Prayer and Reflection Room vv' vv t5unJIT1I5 com tsuncmrcrcturcs htrn D uuarni 6 omb He wins the award for our longest-working employee clocking in at almost exactly 3 years We are er sad to see the 5th member of Tsunami Bomb go and hope he'll be happy in the real world I• V·l-'I ts Jna nlbomb com Tsunami Bomb Lvnes Tsunami Bomb - v Hcrne» T Tsunami Bomb Lyrics _ Tsunami Bomb Lyrics News Contact Us Request We Like Search for v ' ' ' -i I' nc 2' e 3r 'h 'om artlst 6933_0_ o htrnl Surn us P lilltcwy Tents Over 2 1500 Tents In Stock US Mil Surplus 8 Relief Goods r ·v v- arrf ytF tnts curn FU'-l P c ivity P6It lE S Tsunami Relief Patch In Stock and ready to ship 'V 1 '1J aciventeqeembrem com Tsunenu Relief Meii HcaT R'ejj'ef'for Tsunami Victims BBB Wise Giving Alliance I• vv The last unidentified Victims of the boxinu day Tsunami laid to rest W · ' thefirslp0sU G uk TsunElrni heLm'S Article in BusinessWeek Read it online Free Trial NWWfeerIl 1erli Z 'om V Slt 'vV §1 I U JJ 9 C J 9 9 qy Help recent disaster victims Find out how to send money online ' ' 1 1 - NQ _I J J mJ Ih _ I n _mJ3 tQ Z Tsunami is a set of ocean waves caused by any larqe abrupt disturbance of the sea-surface The Tsunami story Click to see an animation of a tsunami generated by an earthquake ' VWIN ts Jnarr l noaa goV r ' und i 'U_story html J'lalJ org News tn Plr turE-S V-' 8sl p rl llln C1n cnr n e Lr rnlnq VI arid V' lar Find out what Nostradamus says about the yea s 2007 - 2012 -rcstrederr usorume ccrn The drawbacks to Wikiseek are that it only searches the English language version of Wikipedia and it cannot parse non-Latin languages It touts itself as an authoritative source of information less subject to spam and SEQ schemes UNCLASSIFIEDNr6R 6rFlCI cL l ISE 6NLY 211 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFO OFFlelAL USE er L but a search for viagra will quickly prove it is no better in fact worse than the major search engines in filtering spam There are no preferences to change the number of results for example or to limit the search only to Wikipedia or only to links but since Wikiseek is still in Beta these features may appear later Wikiseek also offers a Firefox plug-in to add Wikiseek to the Wikipedia search form on all Wikipedia pages WikiWax http www wikiwax com WikiWax also uses Look Ahead AJAX technology to show very extensive lists of dynamically generated related terms However WikiWax cannot parse nonLatin search terms e g LI JlJPVIl WikiWaX'M your quick index to Wikipedia pluto pluto Pluto Pluto Pluto Pluto Pluto god manga mythology planet Bulsara J Farrokh Pluto debate The Pluto Express Pluto Junior Pluto Kuiper Express Pluto Nash The Adventures of PLUTO reactor Pluto Saves the Ship Pluto Shervington Pluto Water Pluto Aspects of Pluto Astronomy Pluto Breakfast on pluto Destination Pluto Geology of Pluto Jupiter Neptune and PLUTO J Operation Pluto Planet Pluto Private Pluto Project Pluto Religion Pluto Sailor Pluto Zoltan Pluto's Kiss 10 •• 'i -w Using Search Engines to Search Wikipedia Yahoo now includes Quick Links for any Wikipedia results For example a Yahoo search for internet will return Wikipedia as result number eight and will include Quick Links to specific Wikipedia articles on this topic 8 Internet - Wikipedia the free encvclopedia The Intelllet is theworldwide ublicl accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by InguSing the standard Internet Protocol Quick Links Creation ofthe Internet - Today's 1 1 lternel I t' n ' prolocols en ' -' i inteillet - 97k l _q -iMore from I ' -' ' ' 212 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfifiOft OfifilelAL I ISE ONLY You can further restrict the search to Wikipedia by clicking on More from this site which is an excellent way to search Wikipedia using Yahoo Ane nel'3 Se3rch Results o Also try internet 8 lorer 1'88 _ eu _ S '€Irch Services I Advonced Search P'eterence _ _481 - --- - - _ _ 1 ·1001 about 232 000 lor in eolnet - 0 05 sec AboiJr this page internet internet radiu internet tv More 0 Your search was restricled to en wikipedia olg 1 Interne· My W -I For ore matches try searching all sources instead ellc 'clo- dia The Internet also known simply as the Net can be briefly understood as 3 network of networks Specifically it is the worldwide publicly accessible network of _ Quick Links 831100 ofthe huemet leday's Inteillet - Internet prQtQI 'QJ it· ' ikipedi o JI d i llllelllel· 1 - § 5t 2 Internet Explol' r - VViklpedia Encylopedia article about Internet Explorer Microsoft's web browser Covers its history features component architect r m on criti cis nd t ket share Cat egory_ i ' _- ' ' b - __ £ IY I - el vo·iY i JerJi f or J ikilllifelllof l Etpi e - i'7v D h i l 3 Internet troll- i llkipsdia the free 'CI008C ill In Internet terminology a troll is someone who comes into an established community such as an online discussion forum and posts inflammatory rude repetitive or Quick Links Ety nolo4Y - Vicious dr les- Troll Gultu Lt n v 'ikifJedi rg 'NikVllltc- HH tro l 3 k - bg $ tt 4 HiStOl l of tho Internet - VVikip dia tl· e n-es Ilcvdooodia The history of the Internet dates back 10 the early development of communication networks The idea of a computer network intended to allowgeneral communication among Quick Links Before the nuemer - A lac-k of intet-networkinq - Three ternunels and an ARPA I n v iki pedia orYi '-i-i FI-i t-ory· t h f 1· -r -i-et-· ··s5T ·· ·· i Ii i J ··I f ----·-···'····-··········_··············· You can also use the site syntax to search just the Wikipedia or Wikipedias if you like in Yahoo http search yahoo com Google http www google com Ask http www ask com Windows Live Search http www live coml searchonly true A9 http a9 com Gigablast http www gigablast com Exalead http www exalead com search Clusty site and host are interchangeable but Clusty has a special Wikipedia search option http clusty com This is an especially useful option for non-Latin searches such as site wikipedia org Cesme which returns results not only from the English and Turkish Wikipedias but from the German and Serbian Wikipedias as well UNCLASSIFIEDfifiOft OfinelAL I ISE ONLY 213 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL 1 J5E ONLY YAHOO' SEARCH Web Vidl D j Audio Isitewikipediaorg e'''lle i D118CJ 91 y i LOC l1 i New i ll i Mor8 to m lSij 1 1-100ofabout311 trornwikipedia orgtor me-1 63sec search Results 1 Cesme - Wikipedia the free encyciopedia l e lIle is a town on the west coast ofTurkey and one of the districts of lzrnir Province It is a prominent center of international tourism in Turkey and is famous for Quick Links S 8 also - External links it wlkl p e II i ll- 'ki G - 'I 3 '- 0 t A • U r __L _L E J td 2 § _ esme - VVU W -edia theJ 3 8nS fc peg 2 thea is a small village near e llle pronounced Tcheshme which is a district of lzrnir Province in e llle Peninsula in the extreme western tip of Turkey Quick Links Aege HI region or Turkey ge lqraph' 21ubs Districts of lzrnir- l mir en wikipedi'i IH1 I wikiill%C c1%Bl ca _'Y' 'C3%87e%C5%9Fme· i3 ' ' hG j - klore li JHi this sits 3 Cesme - VVikipedia - Te ' '·' ri ' F l e lIle I ist ein Ferienort etwa 100 Kilometer westlich von lzrnir Der Name Cesme zu Deutsch Brunnen leitet sich von der grol1en Zahl dieser ab Quick Links 011 in der TUrkei j e wiki e rlj - i i-0 %C3- ' e7 e C5%9F me - k ' J - 1 I ' t i 4 Cez2Ivirli Gazi Hasan Pasha - VVllJilildia tile free enC' 9pedia Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha 1713-1790 Hasan Pasha of Algiers was an Ottoman grand vizier and a navy and army commander of Ihe lale 1Bth century Quick Links Refelerrces e wikipejli 1 tH ll ·jkifCezayldi_Gali_Hasan_P sh - '5k - hed - r '1IJtt 'r0n1 Ih12 site 5 Cesme - Vikip8di anlam ayrrm sayfasi Cesrne kavramrnrn farkll kullarurnlanru Retrieved from ''http lr wikilledia oreJ Iwiki %C3%B7e%C5%9Fme Sayfa kategorisi Anlam ayrrm tt wikip€tli iH vikiir e§rn - l i C - Cac d · 1 L n0 i'lis ii 6 Ivlehmet Culum - Wikipedia the free encyclope Jia Mehmel Culum is a contemporary Turkish novelist who was born in a western town of Turkey called l e lI1e in 194B He studied political sciences at the University of Ankara Quick Links European writer stubs - Turkish people stubs n t fJrr Wikll lliil ' 1 J v· -ji jfMeh111t t S' l 1IlJrn - -j 3 _ t j - t J g 7 Marinas inTurkev - Wikip8dia tile free 8ncyclwedia 'MMN nnrthnrirum Search Tip To search all Wikipedias site wikipedia org To search language-specific Wikipedias site DIGRAPH wikipedia org e g site de wikipedia org nordafrika 214 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL I JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFIGlalcL SE ONLY Maps and Mapping Maps and mapping technology continued to expand and improve during 2006 in large part because of competition with Google Maps Virtually all the online maps get their data from one of two companies Navteq or Tele Atlas It is what each map site does with that data-how it implements its user interface and what features it offers-that makes it distinctive Google Maps and Google's downloadable property Google Earth helped inspire a cottage industry of what are termed mashups a music industry term transformed into computer slang meaning to mix at least two different services from disparate and even competing websites The best known mashups involve overlaying data such as crime statistics onto Google Yahoo Live Search's Virtual Earth and other maps Some of these innovations are detailed in Untangling the Web others while no doubt useful in their own right do not address specific research needs of this audience and are best left for other venues Google Maps Google Earth During 2005 Google and Microsoft both introduced a new dimension to their map sites with satellite maps Google uses the Keyhole technology it purchased in 2004 and Microsoft uses its own TerraServer data to generate its satellite maps at its Virtual Earth page Google went one step further combining its satellite imagery with its traditional maps to offer a hybrid view which overlays a map onto the satellite image of the U S Canada most of Europe and Japan Google is facing stiff competition not only from its US competitors but also from exceptionally fine European mapping companies See below for a comparison between Google and Mappy in the European map market Google Maps allows users to toggle among map satellite or hybrid labeled views Google Maps uses the now ubiquitous address bubbles that can be closed and the ability to get directions between locations Google Maps is one of the best sites for navigating around the map smoothly using with the mouse In mid-2006 Google Maps added the zoom in out feature using the mouse scroll wheel Google Maps also has a preview window a small window inside the larger map window that shows a small image of the larger map The intent is to let users see a larger view of an area UNCLASSIFIEDh'1 '6R 61 'neljlcL SE ONLY 215 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFlCIAb us - G 008 e f Jp -· VVeb News Maps Inl r l' ' Search Meps Iperth australia earch the map Maps - - - I Find bU$inessp s · O ILY I Gel direclion$ ··············0···0 •• - - f8l -Em il - 499 Link _ _ _ to this •• page - - -• • - - - • - - - • -o-·- -P inl Google Maps Hybrid View with Preview Window http maps google com During 2006 Google also updated the satellite data used for Google Maps so it now has the many updates recently made to the Google Earth database This means the new high resolution data for all of Germany many r laces in Europe and many other places are now available to Google Maps users 3 Google Earth represents a revolution in mapping technology Google Earth is a geographic search and fly tool that combines the detailed three-dimensional satellite imagery from Google's Keyhole property with Google's local search and direction finding available at Google maps Google Earth lets users Fly from space to your neighborhood Type in an address and zoom right in Search for schools parks restaurants and hotels Get driving directions Tilt and rotate the view to see 3D terrain and buildings 83 Frank Taylor Google Maps Gets Huge Satellite Update from Google Earth Google Earth Blog 24 April 2006 http www gearthblog com blog archives 2006 04 google_maps_and html 30 October 2006 216 UNCLASSIFIEO fFOR OFFIelAL USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFeA eFFICIAb us O II ¥ Save and share your searches and favorites Even add your own annotanons The Google Earth data is not limited to the US The whole world is covered with medium resolution imagery and terrain data This resolution allows you to see major geographic features and man-made development such as towns but not detail of individual buildings Additional high-resolution imagery which reveals detail for individual buildings is available for most of the major cities in the US Western Europe Canada and the UK 3D buildings are represented in 38 US cities the major urban areas Detailed road maps are available for the US Canada the UK and Western Europe And Google Local search is available for the US Canada and the UK 85 And all this is free for personal use and does not require registration All the news about Google Earth is not good however it's a download which means many organizational policies will prohibit its use on the job it will not run on Apples it is only designed to work on Windows XP or 2000 other MS operating systems are not supported it's designed to run on broadband Internet connections so I do not recommend running it on a slow connection it requires a 3D graphics card 3D-capable video card with 16MB VRAM but many common graphics cards are not supported while the basic software is free there are two upgrades a yearly subscription for Google Earth Plus with higher resolutions GPS support etc and a more expensive business and professional version called Google Earth Pro a 7day free trial is available if you're curious However if you are able to use Google Earth it is amazing I recommend using the extensive Google Earth help files available at Keyhole One of the hottest trends on the web at the moment is map hacks or mash-ups The Google Earth Hacks website brings you lots of free downloads designed to be used in conjunction with Google Earth http earth google com Google Earth Google Earth Help http www keyhole com GoogleEarthHelp GoogleEarth htm 84 Google Earth http earth google com 30 October 2006 85 Google Earth FAQ http earth google com fag html 30 October 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDhTO OFFICIAL tlSE ONLY 217 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNF6R 6FFlClAL I JSE 6NL'f Google Earth Hacks http www googleearthhacks com Google now has street-level mapping capabilities for Andorra Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Liechtenstein Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Russia Moscow only San Marino Slovakia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Istanbul only the United Kingdom and the United States Although no separate websites exist for most of these country map sites I expect they will eventually At present Google has map websites for these countries UK Ireland - Canada - Australia includes New Zealand - China - Germany - Spain - France - Italy - The Netherlands - Japan - http maps google co uk http maps google ca http maps google com au http bendi google com http maps google de http maps google es http maps google fr http maps google itl http maps google nl http local google co jp Google began offering local search and maps specifically for Japan during 2005 Both sites are in Japanese However Google maps Japan which offers both streetlevel and satellite images for some of Japan recognizes input in romeji Latinized spellings of Japanese words Here is a search on Tokyo showing the results in Google maps satellite images 218 UNCLASSIFIEDIiFO OJiJilelAL I JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNI-6R 6l-nell8lL l ISE OULY Go gl liokyq l i' i 'i c' - '7'1' Tokyo Google Maps Japan http maps google co jp Google Maps and Google Earth also helped inspire a cottage industry of what are termed mashups a music industry term transformed into computer slang meaning to mix at least two different services from disparate and even competing websites The best known mashups involve overlaying data such as subway routes and crime statistics onto Google Yahoo Live Local or other maps This is a Google Maps Mashup showing cellular towers in Boston using the Hybrid view i e street and satellite maps combined UNCLASSIFIEDtYI-6R Ol-nGll8lL l ISE 9NbV 219 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOilliOft OfililelAL US OI L' Ce ll Phone Ta Yler Seli n Ce ll Ph one Buyi ng Gu 1 Why Ce ll Phones G t · 2 Findmg Cell Phone St' I I A 3 Choosi ng The Right Ce ll Phone 4 eJLllion ll m ML P o rt b il itl l ell f'hone Re Vle t'18 Sal'r1 sunq SGI1 E635 · NJ kia c l O · L 'oJ x ao o r lqrO o ij PEa t lJR lJtoroia ROXR E1 r tof o1a SLVR L LG VX8100 ' rl to roI 3 1 8 15 · 'hta rq V 6 S · rol t ar ola '0 1 33 0 · Samsu1 g SGH P717 Mobiledia corn http www cellreception com Microsoft's Live Local Powered by Virtual Earth Microsoft fought back with some amazing technology of its own called Virtual Earth With the appearance of Windows Live and Live Local Virtual Earth became the power behind these searches and the former Virtual Earth site now takes users to Live Local Compare Google Maps ' highest resolution hybrid view of the Natural History Museum in Washington D C with the highest resolution image of Windows Live Local aerial view with labels You can see that Google Maps using satelli te imagery from Google Earth now has the edge in better resolution and also offers a larger easier to view image Also I find Google Maps not only much faster to load but easier to search and navigate 220 UNCLASSIFIEOIJj QR Qj FIGIAb l- J8E ONbY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDjjFO OlililelAL tJS eNL'f Google Maps Hybrid Web Imag _s Ne s local w etce ue ' ' http maps google com Q nA- livesearch p od cuts Products MQre' Welcome Collection s Dri ving erecti ons Traffic t ocate me Shar e ' Print See haunted places Did you know that tnt first-cla ss swimmi ng pool on th e Que e n Ma ry is a populer s pot fo r ghost sightintiJs 'ds t'f J J S a_'l1t' _ U1 _l _ _fE9 r 2_J 1J Q r the world Popular searche s • Restau rants • Dry deaners • Movie s • Annli Anr p' UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlOblcL US eNLY 221 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFlel L l JSE ONLY Windows Live Local powered by Virtual Earth http local live com However Windows Live Local has one amazing feature that Google Maps does not Windows Live Local offers Bird's Eye View which are images licensed from Pictometry International at a 45-degree angle instead of directly overhead To date Pictometry information is available for geographic areas accounting for about 25 percent of the U S population including the greater metropolitan areas of Manhattan Seattle Los Angeles and San Francisco Microsoft will continue to work with Pictometry to shoot more landscapes with a focus on highly populated areas and tourist destinations such as Las Vegas which already shows up in bird's-eye view s6 More locations are being added Ilve se erch p o dce sbs Products Academic Feeds More· V lelcome Collections Driving directions Traffic Locate me Share Print Video Clicking the rotation arrows N SEW in the navigation panel displays a 360 0 panoramic view that is genuinely breathtaking If you right-click anywhere on the map you can add your own pushpins Live Local also offers a Scratch Pad to make notes about a location For users who want to learn more about using Bird's Eye View and Live Local maps in general there are several blogs devoted to Windows Live Local that I find far more useful than Microsoft's Live help Windows Live SpacesNirtual Earth http virtualearth spaces live com Susan Kuchinskas Windows Live Local Offers a New View InternetNews com 8 December 2005 http www internetnews com ent-news article php 3569386 30 October 2006 86 222 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlel L l JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiI'l 'OFt Ol 'l 'lelAL t JSE Ot4L'f Virtual Earth Developers http blogs msdn com virtualearth default aspx Bird's Eye Tourist http www birdseyetourist com Early in 2006 the Virtual Earth Team introduced street views something only A9 had previously tried to do in the US Here's the announcement The Virtual Earth team is pleased to launch a preview of a new feature we have been working on - interactive Street-side browsing You can try it out at http preview local live com Street-side imagery allows you to drive around a city looking at the world around you as if you were in a car But unlike the real world you can stop your car anywhere you like and rotate your view around 360degrees Currently we have street-side imagery for San Francisco and Seattle online 8 I love this technology because there is nothing like being able to walk or drive through an unfamiliar location to get your bearings However with the demise of A9 Maps I am not sure this type of you are there technology is here to stay The excellent European sites that offer similar options France Telecom's Pages Jaunes and Spain's Callejero Fotographico offer similar stroll technologies B j Windows Live Local Virtual Earth 1«hno1ogy Pf Yte 'i 1 _ L ' _ 9 9 _ _ ' L___ Virtual Earth Technology Preview J t Y P 9 _ ISan Francisco _ _ _ _ CA City Center 1 1 - http preview local live com Sean Rowe Program Manager Virtual Earth Live Search Weblog 28 February 2006 http blogs msdn com livesearch archive 2006 02 28 540724 aspx 31 October 2006 87 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFlGI 8cL liSE ONLY 223 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlel L l JSE Of4L¥ At the end of 2006 Microsoft announced Virtual Earth 3D which offers truly stunning views of many US cities The downside of this technology is that it requires Internet Explorer and certain other Microsoft-specific software in order to run Microsoft Research in partnership with the Government of India's Department of Science and Technology is working on an interesting project powered by Microsoft Virtual Earth technology According to the website The primary goal of this project is to explore novel and effective ways to collect and disseminate geospatial data and leverage multi-lingual technologies within maps We currently have fairly limited data-1 1 M India-wide data as well as 1 8000 Bangalore city data naa Right now the only street-level maps are for Bangalore users cannot add pushpins I tried unsuccessfully to view them but neither the annotation nor street search was working However the concept is a good one Imagine having street-level and perhaps even aerial maps of an entire country in all that country's languages Even now you can view the maps in English Hindi Tamil and Kannada although Microsoft does caution there are inevitably errors in their rendering of the place names There is no doubt this is an interesting experiment and I feel pretty confident MS didn't pick India randomly Here's a shot of a portion of Bangalore rendered in Hindi Virtual India - -_ _-_ _ i IJSE' currer-t map new Virtual earth road - § j 1 Wo Ci 1J l J '- 1 1 ' ' Microsoft Research Virtual India Project J1 http research microsoft com virtualind ia http virtualindia msresearch in Virtual India Website Welcome to the Virtual India Project Microsoft Research-15 2006 http research microsoft com virtualindia 30 October 2006 88 224 UNCLASSIFIED Ij QR Qj j ISIAL l -JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEONFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ONLY Yahoo Maps In early 2006 Yahoo Maps introduced high-resolution satellite aerial and hybrid images of the US medium resolution imagery of the rest of the world and medium resolution global maps and overlays Yahoo Maps imagery is provided by Aerials Express and icubed Despite what you may read Yahoo Maps is using both satellite imagery and aerial photography i e photographs taken from airplanes Here's what Yahoo had to say about this development Here are the highlights Comprehensive Nationwide Satellite Imagery Coverage Wall-to-wall coverage within the lower 48 states in the US We are going for the best coverage nationwide from the streets of New York to every inch of Redding CA Global Satellite Imagery The product features global images at 15 meters per pixel zoom level 5 medium resolution which basically lets you find and see every city town and major land feature in the world at medium resolution Global Maps We're releasing maps and overlays at medium resolution for the whole world as well This should help you view not only the suburbs of Bangkok Thailand but also help see the context of the imagery in hybrid mode APls The new imagery and global maps are available for API developers http developer yahoo com maps index html on the Yahoo Developer Network http developer yahoo com So whether you're new to the world of mashups or an experienced hacker there is no better time to show off what you can do Better Views In addition to getting all the data we can we're processing the satellite imagery to make the visuals more aesthetically pleasing for users We're blending away seam lines and normalizing the color pallet to create a continuous plane of imagery 89 Michael Lawless and Vince Maniago Mo' Beta Maps Yahoo Search Blog 11 April 2006 http www ysearchblog com archives 000286 html 30 October 2006 89 UNCLA551FIEOHF6R 6FFlOIJliL l JSE ot LY 225 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONF6R 6FFIeiAL tl8 61 LY Of course the first question is how do Yahoo's images stack up to Google's and Microsoft's Here are three screenshots of downtown Washington DC Microsoft's Virtual Earth imagery slightly obfuscates the White House and surrounding areas so I chose a clearer image of downtown DC Yahoo Maps' hybrid image of the White House and surrounding areas using Yahoo Maps Local Beta http maps yahoo com beta 226 UNCLASSIFIEOHF6R 6FFIeiAL tl8 6NL'f DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED lIP'QR QFFISIAL l JSE ONLY Google Maps' hybrid image of the White House at this resolution the hybrid identifications disappear there is actually one closer degree of resolution but it is fuzzy UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l J5E ONLY 227 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDnprOft Ol'l lel1 L USE O 'L' Microsoft's Virtual Earth Bird's Eye View of downtown Washington DC Yahoo offers three APls-their own Simple API AJAX and MacroMedia Flash-for use with Yahoo mapping technology The Simple API lets users create customized Yahoo maps using just a text editor By offering several different options for creating mashups Yahoo appeals to differing levels of expertise from no programming to fairly sophisticated embedded scripts Yahoo maps also offers building block APls including geocoding Yahoo Local traffic information and map images Building Block Components Several Yahoo APls help you create a powerful and useful Yahoo Maps mashups Use these together with the Yahoo Maps APls to enhance the user experience Geocoding API - Pass in location data by address and receive geocoded encoded with latitude-longitude responses Map Image API - Stitch map images together to build your own maps for usage in custom applications including mobile and offline use Traffic APls - Build applications that take dynamic traffic report data to help you plan optimal routes and keep on top of your commute using either our REST API or Dynarnic RSS Feed Local Search APls - Query against the Yahoo Local service which now returns longitude-latitude with every search result for easy plotting on a map Also new is the inclusion of ratings from Yahoo users for each establishment to give added context 228 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlGI L l JSE m LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFI€IAb l JSE ONbY Yahoo offers a great deal of help to developers who want to use these APls to create customized maps Yahoo also permits third parties to host Yahoo map mashups on their own sites which is something important for researchers to look for IJSGS 1 -'1 2 5 Earthquakes Real-time worldwide earthquake list for the past 7 clays Ved 30 Nov 2005 08 26 59 PST OAlb t ' NewMe Yahoo is adding non-US local maps using mapping technology provided by other sources such as Map24 for European locations Here is a sample of what you get for Germany Notice the choice between static and dynamic maps which allow users to move around the map using a mouse At this time I recommend skipping Yahoo Local in Europe and going directly to Map24 which is much better UNCLASSIFIEOJlFOR OFFIGlAb l JSE ONLY 229 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIF6R 6FFlOIAL l JSE miLY Suchen nach Stadt Ort oder Po stlettz ahf L I'1 S o LOKALE SUC' i1¥ ' lh ' ot el ' ' ' ' ' ' -IMunChen r Munchen Reise und Tourismus Bayern Diese Adresse speichern Hotels Ergebnisse 1 - 10 von 720 Ergebnissen hotel Munchen Bayern Wber diese Seite Sponsoren Links Ihr giinstiges Hotel in Miinchen bei Hotels com ovefitetshctels mit Tiefstpreisgarantie sicher online buchen www hotelscom Top Hotels in Miinchen bei Expedia de Gunstige Hotels in Munchen bequem sicher online buchen www expedia de I1 if 1 n lhid Top Ergebnisse I Entfernung I A-I In p artnersch aft rnit Druckversion Das Jrthche 1 SavoyHotel Renner Hotels Savoy 18 0691 2 67 67 0 Suchergebni$$f ' einsehranken Amalienstr 25 80333 MUnchen 0 98 km Karte I Routenpi lIler l lle anzeigen Hotels 2 Steigenberger Hotels AG VerkaufsbOro Munchen 18 0 69 23 88 83 - 3 Sendlinger Str 46 80331 MUnchen 0 98 km I arte I RO'Jtenplaner I lIe anzeigen Hotels 3 Anna Hotel Hotels 0 89 5 99 94 - 0 18 SchUtzenstr 1 80335 MUnchen 1 21 km Kart I Routenplaner A lle ameigen Hotels Yahoo Maps Yahoo Map APls http maps yahoo com http developer yahoo net maps Ask Maps The maps at Ask com come from two familiar sources Navteq and GlobeXplorer However what Ask has done with the source material makes them worth a special mention As with other mapping sites such as Google Ask Maps allows users to choose between aerial and physical views with labels on or off in Google this means map satellite or hybrid labeled views Ask Maps also uses address bubbles that can be closed and the ability to get directions between locations As with Google Maps Ask Maps offers the zoom in out feature using the mouse scroll wheel 230 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAb YSI g lbY DOClD 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFIOIAL liSE m4LY Ask Maps adds the ability to Show or hide directions this is especially useful when you have very long complicated directions Choose between driving and walking directions this is extremely useful when you are dealing with locations that have a lot of one-way streets for example Maximize the map with a simple click of the mouse something Google Maps cannot do that annoys me to no end The ability to add another location is much easier than with other mapping sites right-click to add a push-pin location to the map GEl MoW 1 i J 1 1 1l'1 AIMllI P lJ k UhOf 'Ul lnL f lU Ml AU J l In l ' rC7 Pou Union Rd 1 rurn l JrJlll on fJ'f 11 I So d 1lJeWeb I - ' 1ll1 ' 'tl HtWI J Tum RicJlll IJIIl oJ'Ilt e uc l J' w E a Ilrm Jill ll n i'nUfl4lJ lotH l 1I 50' Turn fUtJld 011Ih tl IIQI til 6 '1lIf J l n onU w ILlI l ou 7 AWl' - tnBon H uLt 1J 'Sq Orni '1 SC lJl' ' II' I UN MIl CAtl t Jd J End I lC 'l1i m fB 1J H a-rt lljl Sq St o ' j JSh N M1 l o tJlldtrQ fl M' l'lf t li I Hli r I ·l c GOo b ck f lU Co In addition to the US and Canada Ask Maps also offers coverage of parts of Europe To see the current coverage I recommend you check GlobeXplorer's website Ask Maps http maps ask com maps GlobeXplorer's Worldwide Satellite Imagery http www globex plorer com our-co ntent digital-globe shtml UNCLASSIFIEDliFOR OFFIOIAL liSE or4LY 231 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDOFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY International Map Sites Map24 I highly recommend Map24 which offers country and city maps for many international locations Map24 is one of the most technically sophisticated free web-based map such as Google Maps or Virtual Earth As with these sites Map24 offers map satellite and hybrid views The site is set to redirect you to your country's map page so if you want to see all the available international maps you need to select Language Change to see all the available languages and countries associated with them For example Portuguese is only associated with Brazil at Map24 even though a less detailed map of Portugal is offered MyMap24 LC'Ciin II Map seA ' I liW f8r 'l VEl§ Language Change '- - - Seamless zoom - Smooth actions - Extensivesearches IVlap24 - International Map24 is available in severallanguagesfor differentcountries aroundthe worto Please choose your desired version MapTP Deutsch - Norsk III English Italiano c 1 1 I IE • II C II n •• Suomi Portuoues CO Svenska • Turk e - Cesnna Polski New Free Mi1p24 8 JAX API AJAX As of now Map24 IS offering developersa Map24 AJAX API 'nore - Gl MapTP Freight Charter Nederlands I I Francais Dansk syctem DaimlerChl 'sler SeNIces FleetBoard and MapTP make Transport comparu es drive economically Language Country Espanol FI t 10' n tunocom TRUCK CARGO Integrates MapTP mapping technologyfor roughly 16 000 customers eCourie r Firmly On the r lap Th an ks to Mapsoillte er eCourier tile company that changedthe way packages are delivered across London and the UK celebrates a III InfNmatlonWeek recommends Map24 Map24 is a usefultool for road warners It lslenska I'll The global Map24 team ISgrowing Look for more goes beyond simple pomt-to-pomt countriesand languageversions In the near future navigation SuslnessMap24 Easy has arrived Tcy our free 7 -Day tria l' BusinessMap24 Easy is a powerfulstore locator for your personalizedweb presence http www map24 com Map24 Maporama Maporama is especially useful because it has a number of detailed city and country maps At present Maporama offers more than 63 countries locations Where else are you going to find a street map of Riyadh Saudi Arabia Not every country or city is this detailed but Maporama is an indispensable map and directions tool 232 UNCLASSIFIED1VFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFICIAL 1 J5E ONLY RIYADHO - Saudi Arab ia LAT-L ONG 2 4 6 4 2 4 0 3 8 ' Maporama I 46 71 46°42' http world maporama com Mappy Despite not having the most felicitous of names Mappy is nonetheless a wonderful map site Mappy's parent company is Pages Jaunes Groupe Mappy recently added aerial views of a number of European cities-26 total as of now-in France Spain Belgium Germany and the Czech Republic only Prague for now The aerial photo maps require MacroMedia Flash Here is Mappy's aerial view of Flora Park in Amsterdam at the closest resolution pay special attention to the roof of the large building where the arrow is pointing UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFlelf L USE 6NLY 233 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY Not to be upstaged in early 2006 Google updated the satellite data used for Google Maps so it now has the many updates recently made to the Google Earth database This means the new high resolution data for all of Germany many Iaces in Europe and many other places are now available to Google Maps users 0 Here is the Google Maps hybrid image of the same location at the closest resolution Google Maps offers 90 Frank Taylor Google Maps Gets Huge Satellite Update from Google Earth Google Earth 810g 24 April 2006 http www gearthblog com bloq archives 2006 04 googlemapsand html 30 October 2006 234 UNCLASSIFIEDiiI O Ol l lelAL USE OP4LY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFlGI lr L USE OP4LY As you can tell even from these snapshots the Mappy image is not as clear as those provided by Google Also Google Maps continues to be the hands down winner in navigating around the map smoothly Mappy is very good not only for travel directions but also for identifying local landmarks hotels cash machines parking lots etc None of the other mapping sites can match Mappy in these areas yet but it is clear the competition is fierce and map sites and services are only going to get better and better Mappy's Aerial Photos http www mappy com select Maps I Aerial Photos Street-Level Map Views Both France Telecom's Pages Jaunes and Spain's Callejero Fotographico Photographic Street Guides offer street-level views of cities using stroll technologies These sites require the Macromedia Flash plug-in to use the visual maps Both sites are worth a visit because they are both impressive and potentially very useful if you ever need to see a specific place in one of a number of French or Spanish cities This is a snapshot from Pages Jaunes of the Place du Carrousel in downtown Paris Note especially the icon below the photograph that lets you get a full 360-degree view of the location -J -J pagestaunes Pho os I Mais non va plutot sur quldonc fr devdtes Ville IParis - I I 0 J V €Ft ' I V UNCLASSIFIEDfi O O leIAL USE O'4LY 235 OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUIBQR QlBlBlCIAb 1 J8E QNbY France Telecom's Pages Jaunes http photos pagesjaunes fr Spain's Callejero Fotographico http www qdq com indexfotos asp Are they perfect Of course not but these sites do I think point to a future in which a variety of technologies-the Internet GPS digital photography-will be used together in increasingly creative ways to open the world in ways we are only beginning to imagine ViaMichelin ViaMichelin maps countries In fact directions Look at is it doesn't cover and roadwork cover the US and Canada as well as virtually all European for Europe ViaMichelin is hard to beat especially for driving this street-level map of Lisbon remember as excellent as Map24 Portugal Users can even look for such things as speed cameras ViaM f -' J_ ' f • ¥ I ' AND REACH YOUR EMOTIONAL PEAK • n- ' 1 ' k ¥ Maps Find map in rh e UI nQ 11 ov er Europ ' -'l lDN' PostC 'lif tl gl 'l l I r'''' '' OI' 0 ' - IIL - -' Searth Hot l n rby r Search all notets r Search by dale Arriv81dale I No OfP ersons Search More criteria U eful @ cheln2006 @TeleAllas addre sse s ne arb Y ViaMichelin Europe US Canada http www viamichelin com viamichelin gbr dyn controller Maps Best Mapping Sites http maps ask com ma ps Ask Maps France Telecom's Pages Jaunes http photos pagesjau nes fr Google Earth must be downloaded 236 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOft OlililelAL tJ5E ONLY http earth google com l DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflI '6R 6FFleiAL l JSE 8NbY Google Maps http maps google com Map24 http www map24 com MapQuest http www mapguest com Maporama http www maporama com share Multimap excellent source of maps worldwide Spain's Callejero Fotographico http www multimap com http www qdg com indexfotos asp Mappy Europe http www mappy com ViaMichelin Europe US Canada http www viamichelin com viamichelin gbr dyn controller Maps Windows Live Local Virtual Earth http local live com Yahoo Maps http maps yahoo com Best Map Metalndices About's Maps http geography about com science geography msub1 htm Martindale's Virtual Geoscience Center http www martindalecenter com GradGeoscience5GG html Odden's The Fascinating World of Maps and Map-Making http oddens geog uu nl index html Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection at the University of Texas Austin http www lib utexas edu Libs PCL Mapcollection mapsites mapsites html ReisWijs Route Planner Metasite http www reiswijs co uk routeplanner routeplanner html UNCLASSIFIEDHFQR QFFlSIAb SE 8NLY 237 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiI'liOIit OlililelAL tJ E OI4L' Mystery Hits I followed all these suggestions but I'm still getting hits that seem completely unrelated to my query Why There are a number of possible explanations 1 You've included stop words that may be read as wildcards 2 You're the victim of misleading keywords e g Iutefisk was included as a metatag keyword by the St Paul Star Tribune because of its popularity in Minnesota to drive traffic to the website 3 You're the victim of tiny words font so small as to be invisible or hidden text text and background are the same color on a webpage both of which are often treated as spam by search engines 4 The webpage may have changed between the time it was indexed and today 5 You're the victim of flawed search software 238 UNCLASSIFIEDf I QR Q ISIAL b1SE ONLY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFl61AL l JSE m LY Uncovering the Invisible Internet One of the most frustrating things about Internet search tools is the fact that even the best index only a portion of the web much less the entire Internet The deep aka hidden or invisible web continues to elude most search services and users seeking to plumb its depths We are still for the most part dependent upon specialty tools and sites to help us find and exploit deep web resources The challenge is how to access that part of the web that remains invisible to search engines It is important to understand that search engines are generally designed to index a certain subset of the Internet web pages and in some cases certain types of files e g video audio PDF91 Furthermore most search engines limit their web page and document indexing For example Google used to index approximately the first 100KS of HTML and reportedly the first megabyte of PDF documents but in October 2005 Google dramatically increased the size of its cache limit although no one knows for sure what that limit is Yahoo indexes at least the first 500KS of HTML and PDF documents In any event long documents usually are partially invisible to these and other search engines You cannot rely upon a search engine spider to index long documents in their entirety A9 Search At the end of September 2006 A9 the Amazon com-owned search property made sweeping changes some good and' some bad Contrary to what some search bloggers said A9 is not dead at least not yet But some of A9's best features are gone As I feared not enough people used the wonderful street view map resource and now it is gone As of September 29 2006 A9 discontinued A9 Maps and the A9 Yellow Pages including BlockView ™ and discontinued the A9 Instant Reward program and the A9 Toolbar and personalized services such as history bookmarks and diary Other changes include a new continuous scrolling feature so you no longer have to bother with next and previous buttons to move from one page of results to the next You can now also drag-and-drop the columns to change Google was the first major search engine to routinely index the content of many file types including pdf ps xis doc ppt and others See Google's Frequently Asked Questions - File Types http www gooq le com help faqfiletypes h tml 14 November 2006 91 UNCLASSIFIEOMI 'OR Qj j ISIAL l JSE ONLY 239 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY their order on the page 92 A9 had earlier switched from Google to Windows Live Search for its web and news searches Another big change that is not perhaps obvious to the casual user is that A9 no longer offers or requires that users log in and have every single query ever made at A9 recorded and retrievable I do not think that A9's eliminating the retention of personal search data is an accident given some infamous leaks of personal information by search services In the past I had recommended using the generic A9 interface if you did not want to log in to use A9 that requirement is now obviated The A9 homepage looks quite different Notice that there are a number of options for searching that include dropdown menus to check the sources you wish to search A9 search news I ljIliclldaTI fe1e'etKe 'J h hyw refe o by lll' O lll Qm l eWG i illlage1l by INe Qm 101 So e '1 d lp Ilp _ @ij FIKk ll l tllKlol o by Slog $e'lrch li2 IlYI imell'''om ef l'nce iI i i ' FiJldqryUe s WebahQ1G PhO'9lO _ 'm ljc t l1ylli h'I w 1t by 1Mwer orn Sc TheJd$l JdioA om Sc vell T ove net 'Q lIe·UOf ST dot Ue1 iStQclqlno tO All Amllo AhOtIl ccm _ I i lklh lloo$ P1l00lic llm 11JRM49 full olllP mie b $ by -Imal lll See wh t' new ill'ld eh lnij ed on A9 com R trieve your Bookmuks and OiJry entries While this is nice it is not much of an improvement over the old A9 Also note the add a search group option on the right side of the page If you click on that link you will see the other search categories you can add to your main A9 search page to tailor it to your own needs What's New at A9 com A9 29 September 2006 http a9 com - company whatsNew jsp 5 October 2006 92 240 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAL lSI gP II Y ildd to your seilreh group list I 'r I ' B slS tJn Class fi os c e o t o m S crE1P ru i S Elet trollics 83 S11Se l h com N 'USt-dBu 'e t' t OM l h nkO e €'k adll g' Gup books bvamazon R dLJ ght l e e n l $ hIl 2 J l mS O Uhl arv l h amIU Ll br ar C UEt · 1 add group F ' ' I n d l Jobs Job Sn lt h p e rEIIEd Jobs Jobs LalPlO SlmpterCareers ' c -l· V J s Thm O eE k CPAN odaH' ITPape rs m Rf'C Se art n 'W eb Seare-Il Javldoc S I '$' lo e l 'l10rl- s dd w oup j Ii l- - ii ' FUll Web Se ·h Enlh R QUEST dot Nef RSS orom FHds a9 o j mns Pu blAEd CPSC Recalls MedLibfill Y org add group J create your own group I I t · - ' • • 11 _ _ ed grllU P _ There is a great deal of customization available at A9 By selecting edit groups you will be given the choice of nearly 500 sources either to add to the default search groups or more likely to create your own custom group and add sources to it For example you can easily create a Blog Search custom group to appear on the A9 homepage or you can edit the basic groups adding and subtracting sources Another change at A9 that has not received the attention it deserves is the addition of Web Booster results Web Booster is the Convera Excalibur web search service which Clusty Highbeam and Govmine also use Web Booster makes standard search better by digging down into all the results pages you don't have time to read and pulling up information that you would otherwise miss It is kind of like having a search helper who goes and gets information that might be of interest In other word's Web Booster is a deep web resource and it is a default search option on A9's quick start menu A9 also retains what I think is one of its best features i e results by column Results from each of the search resources you choose to search appear in separate columns that are easily resizable No other search service offers anything quite like this UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFISIAL l ISE ONLY 241 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOli'FeR eFFlCIJlcL USE otiLY A9 search search groups - WmdC1lH$ M oeb by ' 1 11111 Eive- COtU 1 T h lta n ' I Ef r i' s u lt Thro ar 1lr n Pr • • id ent AhnlJdin j d 3nd th CGlning Nudnr iJ book os by ltl14lm I d t'I t'Ot hV i5 ne-w'l b lliY e cl fn lk lve dJ I A lllil #' -M AIl I Z f tl lU FG iS Tou rb t Tft F U 't ueu J ' 1 j U ' nc 1' • Encyclopedia • Wlkip edia i hj eroH l a t Ce1 C' r 'J I tb ' l t · o J 1 I O O - · lh II rer neon • Aradan Iran MJhmoud Jnd h St t of l tI 1 1111 •• Ar b I • Kazem 'Iazlrl Haman • Mohammad·AIl Ahm dln J d by 2 Rite Fbhe For Tehran SphltlX of T h r t1 m 'i u 1 1 J • List of may ors of Jr I h f 1' l iC · I 2 tB6kl1l9 For This' f h lllth line l ' d l Jl e·l l n ko W -j lJ l r l 'P' J t'c M WTll ltt rs r n t ll h y I rl t ri j tI tlO t t ff1 1i 6wr l - Itl tos hkt 11' 1 'r tl I j l l It 1 ifl ''''1I eJ J ' 't' e- 4m rf1 - itlfl lf'111 A h o n lfl ' 'J vI ' b A IU U • Per s onal itles J1T 'Y l Ch t3 BJogSC' '1u h ' ' u I tl II1'uotM H't or t » ' ' '''1 - 1 A htn'wSR u f d j · ol i' ' ' rI Web 8l o t ahrna dinejad - ff SlJla Op-ens Nud e SiH re f nSVlets tl'll Cri l Web Boosl er ' J i 1 m ' f M' 1Y'oo i Ahl IiJ Jol d e·l lj Ram in • Moh ammnd F I t1 2l1' 'I f m- j t ·t 1 3 jf'i' W t I' tJ ·· fJ flJ t 'J · u en lC' l n'G fb t l' tr I • r q _ inij _ rl 1- n 'i t h ·n f 11 f c crd Jjr e J not ' U t II I ·lfTtr- t'f t t1rh surrounding Mahm oud Ahmadi neiad J J al lw l a In I U i'· 1 iV t I'3 · ' l 'l N Saeedl hrn xtlnor'l-loil ' C1t CI'Xt J Tohr n i' nude consortium • Bi han t·lamdar Zangeneh decision be made • Manou che hr rt occctcsrro- rj th 'l1 t iottakl h s still to eo rJ 't Jrl ih l iUJ o htnildmq 1 h 1 ' r l' 'i ' Je' 1 1 '1 st u'e uuer • Safdar Hosseini I' J C 'fl s l j ' y t 'l F-' ' t' ' 'Ii • Contro ver si es '''tt Allies Ag in$ 3 itl L$lI i11 th t li l y • 4 Con tro vH Y Nudf M OiSIHffi w ith IIan Mt l e- I P U 5h § HuY illll h i ilolu ltit Hole lnte llld1inlt ll I ' ·''''' ' IlIlf IU li'UII••1 Cb ' UL J GWHIlI S lus h us L- It U I J OIIIH@ - _ l ' 5 Blogt'phy Si G i I II I V' d ri ll lhl l Ri l Y ' r I -r I 6 Po ll P lJ tn A9's web and Web Booster results also include something called Site Info Simply moving the mouse over the Site Info box brings up this Alexa feature that shows various types of information Alexa has collected about the site ·'·'''··-11'- search cdc J search groups y m OW5 Ive ' _ 2 629 779 results l r r 1 S O U l e by toprc quick SIan 1 Cen te rs for Dlse as e Control and Pre ve ntion CDC o ffe rs l ips lo r tra velers' hea1 h lraning and emplovrnenl r esou rc es news updates and reports on the spread 01 dangerou s disea ses • SM mt wen by live com bookc by 1mazon I etere uee i ne w hy live colll 2 by ane we re ec m w ik ip edi rr ve l ' Ith I CDC us CernelS 101 Disease Cunn cl alld cdc gO Y ••••1 Blog 8 oo ter Se r ch Peopl e Otf br eek e'erts reference rMtt titJl destlnBl lon updat es cr uise ship h spedlon sc or es rec ommended Re ponH Sile J AU Am llon com Web t Preven uc n Coq Aho ut this site lab inf ormat IOn emergenev pr t PBTt dne ss for bu siness pr eparBlIon end plftMtlg 8nd $ur vei lttnc e • Tr tfi cR l l'l 1 4- '3 • Siles ll'l t LiM h t l t J n • Sptt d ' ' ' 1 1 9 s n 1 • O n li n Sjlt ee 21 · Aug ·Q J Comp an ies lfi S In Upd te d by the Centers l or peeese Conr ol and Depttrtmer1 01 Hefl th t ll1d HI Jrnt lf1 se rvices Cer1ers l or DISeEiSe People who visitlhi'l pa ge also visil • Q· C P Ol1iOli'll 01 1 c lokI' Ilh f -j rnorii • I I p l'l' ' f JI Ioil ' t n 'I 1 l'1w • FUIW j j Or' JI l 'd r r l r lt i l Eas y· c al adrnnist ration Of It$ District in lllIng plaming and ms ' g ng commurnty progr ammes h for mation 8boul i s 1 'i 11 1 €Il C at 'Ulll' CUI'1 a n l tJ s BI 'HJ ' S ' 11 el l 111l1hewl b • • 242 6 CDC WONDER CDC ER is a sys em for Pub IcHee h d81 eend n toll'l'Iertion New Dalal VeccJle A dver s e Event ReportS Released _Report s o f adver se eUed s alief vs ell'lB ion by tttp l Yvonde rGdC govl C lched _ Sou lnl UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFlCIJlcL USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNF6R 6FFl61AL YSE ot LY In early 2006 two great resources came together A9 added people search using the excellent Zoomlnfo search tool Zoomlnfo formerly Eliyon is a web summarization site that contains over 26 million summaries of people on the web According to its FAQ Zoomlnfo automatically and continuously grows its base of Web Summaries from corporate and personal websites government filings press releases and other public sources All information found by Zoomlnfo and used to create your Web Summary comes from public sources and can be found by anyone by using most major search engines like Yahoo and Google 93 What Zoomlnfo does for the user is to summarize that data and present it in easy to handle small packages Basically Zoomlnfo does some of the leg work for you Zoomlnfo is not one of the default settings on the A9 homepage so you will need to add it by selecting add a search group Edit groups search for Zoomlnfo and add the Zoomlnfo People and or Company search to your A9 homepage Here are the results for an A9 people and book search on Brewster Kahle of the Internet Archive fame search groups I p Zoominfo Person Search for brewster kahle 5 results J web by nve com 1 Brewster Kahle at Internet Archive organi zat ion C boolol s by amazon said Kdhle standing at the podium inside the Golden Gilte Iub _ Fou der of the Internet Archive Kilhle is an ebullient more CJ reference by answer S COIII L newe hy nee com Gwitl ipedia 2 Brewster Kahle at The IESG C All Amazon com Cj Web Booster C 1 8100 Setu ch People C Companies mOlt e tlJC 3 1t is with regret then I report that Bernhard stockmen has resigned 8S Co-Director ctthe Viler ion ll Requirements AI ea of the IESG more i I t 1 § iH 3 Brewster Kahle ar European Union Kdhle Joint geceareh conunis ston European Union Ij 4 Brewster Kahle at Joint Research Commission European Union l e'ft 11I1jlllnellr Brewster Kahle Joint ge seer eh Conuniss ion Europe 11 umon 1fi _ W I 5 Brewster Kahle at Life Liberty and the Pursuit of Happlnes news 81 ewetei teahle r fI liD illll lZOIl CUIU Blo'r Se lll h on u o w b •1«hH etnove 11 ell tIlOllpS Now when I click on the first hit under people summaries I get a rather impressive dossier on Kahle I can't show you nearly all of what is on this page-this is just the top part of an extensive entry that you will note was automatically generated using 234 references found on the Internet 93 FAQ Zoomlnfo http www zoominfo com # 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDA'FOR OFFIGIAL l ISE ONLY 243 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFlelAL US ONLY info Mr Brewster Kahle Thi isme Board Memuer f lectmni frontier Foundation RD ifO Mt' llYbf1 E er tron fronter fl7urdotl% 1 q jfaatIGn r h fjt b e Orryani tQh· m 1 f Founa at JPs PfJiffl ie1 Th uufc r V i5 -2l1Jtchdkdllr g r el ated u 'ng H H t h f nt B5 tl L i '1d l- O' l l t€rnBt Ard ve fQund i n dv - fiedia Internet dhJ it x 1ld'I' ''j this idtl tH ff ith i' ' h 4 t 'h tn'$fll '$ ft lnb ' Jrr eJ Pr atJb AI -'BIntern qfiJI mation ltiecbDn Cl Elivel Y fmployment History Founder Show AU rI1 0Hk t A h e ' SOl' rrbIC$ tlhf0 l l founder i' h d lrt frl t founder 'Ni IS Ir - j M'li f Zoomlnfo also searches for companies but keep in mind that they index more than just companies or businesses-you will find all sorts of organizations associations academies etc in their database info I F 'c' ' ' ' 1h p - c np mil F · Jli ·tl _II P 1 find · ill Alcatel SA ' - NVSE AlA 5tK iJllen-oloveesat Alcdt- -l SA Shot' ccmcetccrs to Alci tel SA 26801 W Agoura Rd Calabasas CA 91301 USA Phone 818 707-1220 Fax 818 707-6296 Website www elcatel com Industry r'l1anufacturing Telecommunication Equipment White Pepers l r ''1t e gy ' 'hj e raper coeveroent $15 4 Binion EmJf oyees 283516 Revenues 9r lll' g-' a p n I _ _s _r i raetm f hern el QlJ iity of Services T ch i· lo9 ' White gecer More Alcate provides cornmoncetons solutions to teleconmurucetion cerriers Internet service providers and enterprises for delivery of voice data and video applications to their customers or employees A1Latelbrings its lead ng position In fixed end moble broadband networks epp'cetlcns and services to help its partners and customers btj d a user-centric broadband world With sales of EURO 13 t bi onand 58 000 erroovees in 2005 Alcatel operates in more than 130 countries UNCLASSIFIEDtiFO Wi'I e Paper sevord t- ·I·Spe d lnte net • BUildIng MultiR$erYlCe Brcedbend rtussummary was automatlcany generated usrnq Information found on the Internet Vie setectedweb references 244 trersport Nf twor 8NET Summary'oofs O FleIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfiFOR OFFlOIAl USE ONLY You can also go directly to Zoomlnfo to search companies and or people Zoomlnfo http www zoominfo com Other features and facts about A9 you should know A9 Lite lite a9 com is a version of A9 com that has been designed to work on older web browsers as well as many mobile devices A9 Lite does not require JavaScript so if JavaScript on your browser is turned off or if you have an older browser you will automatically be sent to A9 Lite A9 Lite provides limited functionality and does not have search groups continuous scrolling or the ability to add additional search sources r' advanced Live search options are available and Live's special web syntax appears to work continuous scroll eliminates need to click to see more results cached option is available no similar pages or more results from options Clearly Amazon is ambivalent about A9 and its future but given Amazon's extraordinary accomplishments and the company's innovative approach to providing information and selling stuff I hope A9 will not merely survive but thrive A9 A9 Lite http a9 com http lite a9 com Book Search Google Amazon A9 Microsoft's Live Book Search and Project Gutenberg http www gutenberg org provide an invaluable service for researchers that is not duplicated by any other type of search This new approach to search is nothing short of a revolution in the way we are able to discover access and use information Book search results are frequently better in terms of authoritativeness utility and thoroughness However I have found that the overlap among the three book search services appears to be even less than the overlap among web searches 94 A9 Help http a9 comJ- companyJheIR jsp

lite 10 October 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDNF6R 6FFleiAL USE ot LY 245 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONF9R 9FFIGIAL YSE 9NLY If you are serious about in-depth research you must use book search sites The fact is the information available through book search is for the most part entirely different from that provided by web search I urge you to use this deep web source which Newsweek correctly described as a lightning bolt from the future 95 Amazon's Search Inside the Book A9 select books by Amazon Amazon search Books http www a9 com http www amazon com Despite its many options the main reason for using A9 is Amazon's Search Inside the Book feature a major and unique tool for researching the invisible web Until I started using it I did not realize how important and valuable this feature is for researchers Search Inside the Book lets users search through millions of pages from hundreds of thousands of books in the Amazon catalog Unlike most book searches most of the searchable books at Amazon are still under copyright To avoid copyright infringement problems users can only access content of books for which Amazon has the publisher's permission to display copyrighted material Also while anyone can search inside the available books only registered Amazon users can see the full text However if you are able to register to use Amazon's service Amazon's Search Inside the Book results are often better than web searches in terms of authoritativeness utility and thoroughness Furthermore Amazon's Search Inside the Book often lets users view the full content of books for which Google's and Live's book searches only provide limited views Search Inside the Book is an option to search full text and full image content but only as permitted by the publisher This means that given two different editions of the same book-in this example Pride and Prejudice-one is fully searchable while the other is not How do you determine which books allow you to search their contents Look for the Search Inside logo with any book at Amazon if it is there you can search the contents of the book including front and back covers table of contents index and text Only keyword searching works no phrases for example and ALL terms are searched Here is an example of a search for pride prejudice in Austen's classic Steven Levy Welcome to History 2 0 Newsweek 10 November 2003 http www msnbc msn com id 3339649 14 November 2006 95 246 UNCLASSIFIEOh'FOR OFFICIAL liSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED fI O OIiIiICIAL USE OP4L¥ A l1 d WI I Onl i fleReaoer --- -1 Help v' • Si ol 'aoe CHAPTER XlU hit' h In$Jde 5 look Ipridt pt'eJudl ce lfElizabeth when Mr Darcv gavc her the letter did nor expect il to contain a renewal of hili offers she had formed no expectation at all of its eoneerns But such as rhev were it may be well suooosed how eaaerlv she went throuzh them and what a conrranetv of emotion thev excited Her fcdintts ali she read were scarcely to be defined With amazement did she firsr understand that he believed any aeoloev 0 be in his power and stedfastlv was she eersuaded that he could have no explanation to IllVC_ which a JIBt sense of shame would not conceal Wllh a strong prejudice aaainst every thinl be might say she beaan his • I • • f t • j f J Notice you can view the pages continuously view just the image of the page and zoom in or out What you cannot do unless you buy an upgrade is print the book or any part of it add bookmarks highlight passages or copy portions The conditions for upgrading your search inside the book options require that you purchase or have purchased from Amazon com in the past the specific book you wish to search At present upgrades are only available to US customers Here are a couple of important things to remember about Amazon's Search Inside the Book you can actually search the entire Amazon book database or even the entire Amazon product line from any search inside the book query screen The dropdown search menu includes options to search all Amazon books or products Search U l ' i i o l GJ Inside this Book Amazon com Books - - - All Products The Web A9 com Furthermore the A9 search engine will also search inside all books in the Amazon database and does so more efficiently From my experience I can tell you that Amazon may claim it cannot find any results that match your search however selecting Click here to see additional results that may be relevant to your search brings up the same results you would get from an A9 search for the same term so UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL tJSE ONLY 247 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDifI 'O OlililelAL l JSE ONLY always check those additional results just in case or use A9 in the first place As of now A9 remains the most efficient way to search inside the books at Amazon if you want to search across the Amazon database and not within a specific book Look for the See more references to keyword in this book in the A9 book search The easiest way to understand the A9 search is to try it Here are the results for the query elliptic curve cryptography limited to books by Amazon enotc curve cryptography search i search groups 1 474 results quick stan 1 Advances in Elliptic Curve Cryptogrophy London M then tic 1 Sodety Lecture Note SeriH J weh hy uve com l ' boole s by lnllJZOII I efet elite by 'lnSWeI5 f OOl new'S by liwe ol1l wikipediil AllAmazon com Web8ooste ' 8100 Search by Ian F Blake · Ii eutertahuneur H elflIlCt'l news IIJl1aZOII O OII jlll l J$ BlOtJ S iUCh ouuremevesezuell r IJI0III'$ • -• Nigel P Smer1 31 May 2005 _ Cambridge Uniyerslty Press 2 Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptogr phy Springer Profession 1 Computing by Darrel Hankerson Alfred J Menezes and Scott Vanstone 0 - Springer J I ' 'HOle'tO Illfce ••• cecner Seroussi and 3 Implementing Elliptic Curve Cryptogr phy by MichaelRosing 01 JanuaryI 1998 • ManningPublications 4 Elliptic and Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptogrophy Theory and Practice bl Hemi Cohen Gerhard Frev RobertoAV nzi cr d-Stophe Doche TanjaLange KlmNguyen and Frederjkverceuteren 19 July 2005 Chapmana Ha ICRC ' _- __- __I _-__ 5 Ellietic Curves iDisc rete M them lic and It$ Al l1lic tions i 4fII 1 by Lawrence C Wash ngton 28 May 2003 - cheprnen 8 Ha IICRC 6 Elliptic Curve Public Key Cryptosystems The lnternationa Series in Engineering and Computer Science by Alfred J Menezes 0 - Springer IMge1 and then proceed 10 introduceellilJHe curve cryetosvstems 1 1 Private Key Crypto9fa hy The fundamental goal of Clyplogldl hy has histoTlcally been 10 achieve see more I eter eneec 10 ellilllic emve tlyptog dphy in this book J On the right are results from a search across the vast Amazon database If you click on a link to one of the books that book's entry at Amazon appears along with a new Search Inside the Book option From here you have to enter the search terms again an extra step A9 Amazon would do well to eliminate Here are the results for the query fermat's last theorem in this specific book 248 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDlIFOR OFFICIAb l JSE ONbY AmazonOnlineReader view Page of 446 Help Return to Amazon corr I i-lOot 2 1 poges ' lith references to fermat's last theorem Peturn to book 1 9 lJ P 2 l This equation represents the easiest case of Fermat's Last Theorem which asserts that the 5 m of two nonzero nth powers of integers cannot be a nonzero pith power when n 2 Q n 'p' IJl J Q 3 4 5 6 '' Arabs in the 90Ds and represents a special case of Fermat's Last Theorem which asserts that the sure of two nonzero nth powers of integers cannot be a nonzero nth power when n QrL£ Lqg H deduce from this that the only integer solutions to a4 b4 c2 satisfy ab O This yields Fermat's Last Theorem for exponent 4 We will discuss this in more detail in Chapter 8 ull Paqe 121 Therefore

E Fq qn 1- s -1 - a mod pl By Fermat's little theorem ap-r - 1 mod p Therefore E Fgv-l has order divisible by p hence contains a point of order p on Page 371 Chapter 13 Fermat's Last Theorem 13 1 Overview Around 1637 Fermat wrote in the margin of his copy of pionhentus's work that when n 3 ' on Page 72 372 CHAPTER 13 FERMAT'S LAST THEOREM exponents Refinements of Kummer's ideas by Vandiver and others plus the advent of computers yielded extensions of Kummer's results to on P l Z1 374 CHAPTER 13 FERMAT'S LAST THEOREM numbers er under control Frey predicted the followinq which Ribet proved in 1986 THEOREM 13 on P qe 376 II 7 8 As you can see each of the 23 pages with references to Fermat's Last Theorem in this book appear in order From here you can select a specific page and view it but only if you are a registered Amazon user UNCLA551FIEDNFOR OFFl61AL l ISE ONbY 249 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOIfFOR OFFICIAL USE OP4LY AmazonOnlineReader View Page r - _ _ --- of44B Retu rn t o Am e zon cc m Help 'i il J II Ellio tl s Cu -vel 0 is crete Math Cmatics and Its Application s Lawrence c Washingto n Pr ice $64 99 Add to iii or on li gll r n t h' 1• 1' I I IH ' f H t h · 1' 11 fol j l tI · f•• u - 45 use d ¢Od nt w from $72 74 rl ' 1 I b ·1· · I Sea n h Inside t'lIS Book Ife mats las t th eore Bac k to searm ' c e l ' l l l t l p l · ' ·11 ' l Jl h l oJ W ' J ' re$y t I f t ' 'E 1 h h iH h I 'I '- ihh· t i UA i ll I I ' t r · · f llli ll l rh lm p1iI I 11 · 2 1 tll jl i j v · 11 1 I I itt r - 111 i rt 1 tli i lu I h 1 · 1 IfI l l 'l H 1 I · I I ' r l t l · j l jl ' ' l l d ' II - ra h ·I i rl l' n Ill ' ' i J i 1 u ll ' · V · li '· oi l t' ' Hh Ir · ' ·¥ t lv l til' I m Table of Contents j FJ ' h · n H l ' r l 1 1 h p 'S' t· l 1 Copy right I d· l ' d h ' d ' d n ' It ' I I t ••l 'It ' l 't ' t n -ld • 0 1' p• ci d ' M ' I l ii- n Ii 11-' 'l lw j t h I II ' ' · 1lJ' ·' 1 '· 1111 '· · I t t p p 01 i 111 1 I l 1l01 il l Ill H' ' I I I I l i- 1' 1 til' l' ' P llf til I 'h ' lk l 1 t - ' h l l 1 'I I Inde x H 1' ' ' 1 m 'n Ild d I' 'Ii I ' Il l P j' J I I '71l ' 0 _ ' 11' uv I f f' aeck c ove r ' Surprise Me I ' Jl I' · ' ' P ' ' 'f 1 ' 1 U' I 1 • I • I I t 1 11 1 ' In l n •t1 · I i I J II II n ' ilk h' t4' i h I ' I l hL l ll •$ ' 1 iI ' ' 4 s 1 ' h ' ' 1'1 _ o l · ' h l 1I11n ' 1 ' I ' I ll 1 I ' · ' l1 ' II IIII' l l ·· l l l ill l l 111 ' 11 l ' 1 ' I ' il ' ' 11 1 ' I Ill - 1 - 'I IIi ' I' d ' J - ' n I ' ll l l t h o 'i 3f ' J d I II 'iI' l ll t w d l 0 ' ' 1 r p I I- to - ' d lll It ' n• 11 ' I h ll · I 11i I n - I I I I '1 r 1 1' 1 u - 11 t·'· · I -· 1ft ' i t ' 'I wIrs t I'll II Registered Amazon users can view the full text although Amazon prohibits downloading or printing96 of these pages for copyright reasons Until recently no one really came close to Amazon's book search option but Google and Live Search are making great strides with their respective book searches Google Book Search http books google com The shift during 2005 from the old Google Print which was designed to provide links to some popular book sellers that may offer the full versions of these publications for sale to Google Book Search transformed this service into a genuine competitor of Amazon 's Search Inside the Book As a further sign of Google's commitment to digitizing print materials and making them searchable Google added a distinct Google Book Search homepage during 2005 Unlike Google 's web search Google Book Search only searches an index of There is an inelegant work-around to enable printing of pages inside books at Amazon put your browser into full screen and select Print Screen then paste the image into either Word or PowerPoint and print from there 96 250 UNCLASSIFIEOftFOR OFFICIAL I JSE eNLY DOClD 4046925 ' UNCLASSIFIEDlIFOR OFFlGI L l JSE ONLY books either from its publishers' collection or its library collection It's important to understand the enormous significance of this search Google Book Search searches the content of thousands of books Here's what Google says about its service When we find a book whose content contains a match for your search terms we'll link to it in your search results Click a book title and you'll see the Snippet View which like a card catalog shows information about the book plus a few snippets - a few sentences of your search term in context You may also see the Sample Pages View if the publisher or author has given us permission or the Full Book View if the book is out of copyright In all cases you'll also see 'Buy this Book' links that lead directly to online bookstores where you can buy the book ' Each book indexed by Google includes an About this book page with basic bibliographic data like title author publication date length and subject There are three types of views for scanned books 5 Full view only for books that Google has publisher permission for or are in the public domain out of copyright If the book is in the public domain users can download save and print a PDF version of the book 6 Limited preview books from Google's Partner Program permit users to view a few full pages Even in limited preview users can run multiple searches within the book or browse the available pages Goog le 1 l'Ir13 e e texche nge Book search fH Search l A ll books 0 Full view books Desktop mOle I ·8do eI P Book Search Books Funding Evil How Terrori sm Is Financed And How to Stop It - P age 48 by Rachel Ehrenfeld- 2005 296 pages continued to maintain their associ ation with his family and with him 79 AI Bal lkaal Exchanqe The al-Barakaat Bank headquartered in Dubai which was one Limited preview I Q1 p f I O' Dl '£ ' • 2 U r l J 9 '2t 7 Snippet view users can view the About this book page and search within the book Search results will show a maximum of three snippets of text from the book with the query term highlighted 8 No preview available users will only see an About this book page with bibliographic information about the book and links to bookstores or libraries where the book may be available 97 About Google Book Search http print google com googleprinUabout html 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlOI L l JSE ONLY 251 OOClO 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDHF6R OFFICIAL USE ONlY Even a limited preview can provide very useful information As you can see the query terms are highlighted in the text and there is a search box that permits additional searches inside the specific book Furthermore you can view the book's table of contents and index read a summary and find out more about the book Ic B Se 161-b ·'6keat exchange - Se h8 ' '-I--··---'-_· - Funding Evil How Terrorism Is Financed And How to Stop It - - - - - - e - - - - 8y F ach ' Enrenteld ··· · ·· 4 1 I fhe ' hUh n itlonH with Snudi rahia and l'akistan 'a uClh 'c1y in 'ol 't' 1 in the fUl1di n of terrori cm II was fnumll cl in I '1H ' hY l Ill lli linnnc il'r m d dl ' 'c frie nd of Osarna hm Laden IirlHlll· tn lima l ' had bee-orne fmniliar with r h t J h11l d tJ clandest ine and sinister ways that Islamic terrorist groups finance NUT Am erican h wL ing p their global network Terrorist have grown increasingly sawy In ways to bolstertheir financial power extended to IlIl' Ch l ' HO 'al 111 of ScollantJ m tl Co m pa lly' O Cha I mhattal1 to tj lolllS I y jank Unit nt'S1 Data O 'f lS l crn Union and ili nlup Cilihank and SunTru'1 Il l nk In add itio n al -Barakaat Wlln l 1 whh til ' Ann -ru-au brunc h of n l H araka t- l ·h an whic h fimmcctJ l 1 anothe r al Q U'd l l lliliaH' 1 hu ' int ' nl-HnmntainTrouting in E ' ll amI U hn ya l- Bamkaal lU Clhc' 11h liIl anuther hank ul-Ia qwn r tiM'll l11 tn Ol t d imt wd am i llisrrih uwd funds for 1 J 11 'l t J prc 'idl'li termn t - irh Inn-rue s c r 'in M un·t1 ll'll phnl1l cn m l1llJnk u iOll lu i anaol l ·c1 fur hipnu-rns nr ' l· tpon 1 · J-IJ flr llaJ l t J1 o U l 'IJ 11t ' JUIU'lI U st-rvicer of another lnrbal bank t he tJ4Uaraka Exc-h'lOf C to n an Ier r1n St ru 5 1 mi llion t l Ih ' 11 '11 1- he r I J h ijotd••'r oA th rull h Wl lern Ehrenfeld uncovers the More about this baok - l'onhAlrlt·rka was hcndquancred ill I lJ tht It'f Ma ­ Ciliz n H ml Unit W Xtorgan ¢- Full scr en By terrorism expert Rachel s achu seus wirh branches in ·linI1C H3 Ohio and 'ash inglOll Sr t1I PI C' Sign in I I 1 ISIflk founded ln led dah hy Chilla llk J I·B iu n kOlm lie ill the _ __ 8 summ ary 1 '111 wh ik- 'fl r k i l1 between 1 17 1 un d 986 I I th e Hh li AIIU ri ClIl1 AJ - I lJnk I t _ P 4 9 fI ht ' lsliun isl Itla ut · AI·Qaeda __ UniUl1 Financial Services 'r a- eru Uu i n wa - lined $8 million by ' ' Yo rk han k r gll l l lor in 2002 fin Vi 'tllinJ It-11urtillJ requircm em s cnabllng money Iaundering 1110 INwri 't li wnd f jnJ I a Contents I Tableof Conl enls TnlePage Inde Copyright i I 279 I - _ 569 _-i B BUy th is book Bonus Books Inc - P d 11 h ' 1 Amazon com i Barnes Noble com 8ookSense com F oogle I · IB l Se reh in thi s book I Google Book Search offers a number of advanced search options either using the advanced search page or special syntax in publisher Publishers such as W W Norton need only be searched as inpublisher norton Example of how to use the inpublisher command inpublisher o-reilly inauthor Unless the author is Shakespeare or Chaucer a full name search is advisable Example of how to use the inauthor command inauthor patrick-o-brian intitle Multiple word titles are best searched for as phrases i e in double quotes Example of how to use the intitle command intitle nutmeg of consolation isbn Very useful for finding a specific edition of a book because the International Standard Book Number uniquely identifies each edition 252 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiI'F'OK eFFlOI L lSi g JbY variation or format Example of how to use the isbn command isbn 0393030326 All of these special search operators-with the exception of ISBN which identifies a unique entry-can be used in combination or alone For example the query inpublisher norton returns almost 61 000 pages from books published by W W Norton I can add to this query a keyword for a title e g inpublisher o-reilly intitle programming to see how many books O'Reilly publishes with programming in the title Or I can look for keywords occurring anywhere in a specific publisher's books inpublisher o-reilly network security To find public domain books that can be viewed using Google Books' Viewer and downloaded as PDFs first restrict the search to full view books because all public domain books can be downloaded However the converse is not true all full view books are not downloadable How can you tell if a book can be downloaded As of now the only way to do so is to select the book and see if the Download PDF option appears as it does here SeerchBOllks Introduction to Mathematics -' ·j • - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ • _ • _ • I io ' ' I j e l D IT _ •• _ ¥ 111 IT• PdiI I I '__'4 __l l Page ' A_ ' e Summaf ' ' A ' J i r--l t-- lJ WI ad l l - · r 1L - 'b 0U1 I hlS OO I AN rnTRODUCTION TO I I CHAM'ER I Tu F study of mathematics is npt to cornmonee in disappointment The important applications of the science the theoretical int erest of its ideus und the logical rigour of its methods nil l'nt'r Ll l the expectation of l sIJCe I ' introduction to processes of interest We are told that by its aid t he sturs are weighed and tb e billions of molecules in a drop of wat er a rc counted Yet like the ghost or Hamlet's lath r this gr eat science elud es the efforts or our ntcnt lI weapons to grasp il·- 'Tis here 'Lis there ' l is tin Sf'C does not SUItL Cllt UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl6IAL USE ONLY I 80f 'PPL 2 pYN ' ' 4 TIlE $ rM B0 USM 0 5t I TilE ADSTR CT NATt R£ OF M TJLE oL TICB WP VAR1J BLES MATHEMATICS I f nl' -nnrl hilt I C o ntents i l lU £unl I p V' P PA GE I THE thl Abe ooh i m lzon Bu y book Alob i Ii Fr ' b Jl i Fi r d this boc1l in g libruf 8 Jrn e Nob l ir- -' - - i e S rch In tillS bOOk I t _ _ __- - _ - _ _ 4 253 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlfQR QfFIGIAL I lSE miL¥ Please note that you can also search inside the book from this page Google Book Viewer includes a zoom option and the option to view one or two pages at a time making the page-to-page scroll much smoother I cannot recommend Google's About This Book option highly enough it provides the book's publication information a summary links to find the book in a library or to buy it the table of contents selected pages related books or references from the book and key terms __ - Co ' lk i k I·cll li a Se ch Boo I S n Iran time for a new approach Report of an independent task force ' • ' Summary 1 llhi lrrH 'r By ZblgmwK Republic IS M ioeEr oul 11 Jp o re lp rt $ cll1 r l df ' th l lh fJ l J 1mt C by fOfll''l l r National SeCUnl ' Ad'li er aod 'mel Jilcr 1f ' of Central n e l' lg t e Robert tot ltggtlHJ' A1 G f ' ' lcClrf mends s e 1E t il H a'9-emern'1lnh Tl hran 1il ptOffiMe reg lol'ta tQb h drs suade 'Ir3 tram Ju t-suing m cle a ' ' ap ons p r£l'ierv fe llable enErgy supplies 'Odua hO I h « 1 0' 30d addlH he 'd el1 t y d f cit' i Ml or d s Ih Mirl dl Ea l as a Wh Qle It IS ' olll rr I J11c a r70nQlo9Y of lnlporta rtt datf in 1 S ·l1anian hlstIJ'_ ry e COR' Qm li and c emograp-hl c fa ts abot l lran p'J u reference mdlt P3' 1 1 30l n lu ll ' In'51' IJUOnS r CgOlJiHn mClt The reportS fOCOI mcn dOlions- '1 '1' 1' n ll od Ct til O In ' t fll o-I fl a nd e 8 M 10d o t nf i 'J C E ' fag e b U S l1 t j inrf tnal' l ll O1pdia - R I n 84 pa b · tl m Ttl T d 'IJICI O-I t t9 d 8n inski P'Jbl t d XD4 uuni 11 UII F Jr ll n Il pC Il $Dlidl' ' I ntrenched lt r 1 thai th 1JI op '1 ' of thl n c e rn s dNlmd h lr ' s policies man htes It' ai Washmgton j al ' 11'l the c menl reqrme r3 her IIi if wa' - It 8r 'tl jfl k l R lt- l rt Ml hirtl_ G l O$ S IJ1fJnr r- - - - IS3t ce Ell93 54 Contents J fY BallOW' th is b 60 k f lf' r hi l book o hbr tJ 49 A lrJ 1 i f 2U r Qi r l 'ill Yl f I Mnprol rer d t r Jill pl ·r e rndtl kl p r 0 '1 - d iS - gdid l ld ZJOI- ' T r i o n 'JO' P ' P· eueeer alW4t i ppl I r 'd fI Stl t ' E 'f 'lH Bo S e com l' roQ9 I Reout · hl- fr·I I 44 i'C- t i dO n 8 arllf btJ J tl -' com I r mi JrI 1 Il m n C I T- j t · I lun '1I Selected pages EYE Cd ve_5uD 8 T l i o c e 8uv 'h i bo ot 11 ' f ltl l l h h0 U Ilc1esli'n 74 if 'l Pf lll JI 1 ' 1· t or Keytenns tr J f Pl pub1ic fa nl ' n 'fT l ttl 'i lli 2 h r d tmers p i t j9 j kh l j' 'J i Mq h r i r 1 ira · ll EC 1 11 a ii i ' fluel I Ij bn ' m l JII h £I ·Jrl1 ppari ' l ft'1 '1 Related books PPfS i 'J qrr sndd 'l nl o P-IO 29 n t-S' t' Jrg Iran' s Juc o a Arr l t cns r' oduclI0n H ' ' S ¥'OIS o 1 C h t o ln9 lt ii r 's Nucleal r 'i t ·il l1 ' · crt Rt t t rrl f t on$ NPEC ProJ€'t l un han l hans ·L egdl· You will discover when you start looking at a PDF version of a book that these volumes were scanned by hand You may even see images of people's hands as they place the books on the scanner so don't be surprised if you see strange images At this time there are some problems with the downloaded files The PDF download seems to be have problems as all the downloads stop at 1 3 MB even g8 though the files are much larger but the bugs should be fixed 98 lonut Alex Chitu Download Public Domain Books from Google Google Operating System Blog 30 August 2006 http googlesystem blogspot com 2006 08 download -publi c-doma in-booksfrom html 12 September 2006 254 UNCLASSIFIEDJlj QR QFFlGIAL l JSE O'4LY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY While there is no option to limit your search by language you can also search Google Books in languages other than English simply by entering a query in another language e g qued6 el moro returns only books written in Spanish However many public domain books in other languages have not been scanned because the Google Book project thus far has focused mainly on US libraries There are many Spanish French German books scanned into Google Books for example but very few in Arabic At the same time many US publishers were fighting Google Book Search several European nations complained that Google was not offering to add non-English language materials to the database In September 2005 Google opened Google Book Search to European publishers and added a number of new discrete webpages for Google Book Search in several non-English speaking countries They are • • • • • Austria Belgium France Germany The Netherlands Holland • • • • £ y Switzerland Spain Brazil A number of European publishers expressed interest in participating in the digitization project but of course similar copyright concerns raised by US publishers will have to be addressed for European and eventually other non-US publishers 99 Even though users may use a specific country interface they will probably see results from other countries' indices Thus far the European publishers that have signed pacts with Google are Grupo Planeta and Grupo Anaya of Spain De Boeck and Editions De L'Eciat of France and Springer Science Business Media of Holland Interestingly all this comes at a time when Google is embroiled in a lawsuit brought by the US book industry over alleged copyright violations Google is trying to avoid a similar fight in Europe by limiting its book scanning to books that are either pre-1900 or in the public domain or from publishers with whom Google has signed agreements Michael Liedtke Google Opens Digital Library to European Book Publishers The Detroit News 2 September 2005 http www detnews com 2005 technology 0509 05 0tech-300866 htm 14 November 2006 99 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY 255 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlelJlcL l J5E ONLY During 2006 Google also added a Library Catalog Search feature to Google Book Search This feature will help searchers find books in libraries around the world According to the Google Blog Queries on Google Book Search will automatically include results from library catalogs when appropriate Each result includes a 'Find Libraries' link to help readers find libraries that hold the book-ideally a library nearby or if need be a library far away we have worked with more than 15 library union catalogs that have information about libraries from more than 30 countries as well as with our colleagues working on Google Scholar which includes a similar feature just for scholarly books Google Books advanced search has an option to limit a search to library catalogs so if you know the book and want to see where it is available this search makes it easy to find a library Keep in mind that at present Google Books and WorldCat are searching a limited number of libraries and catalogs 2 81 Advanced Book Search Find'0$1111$ Vt'lth the eXdcl plIlI1S ' th at leaSfnne ofloe '«llds Search Use Google Books Advanced Search to limit query to library catalogs Library Catalog Search Books 1• 18of 18 onAnd ok BeIlCll r 0 00 0 f d' ances In databases and mtormanon svsterns b IHdf i Iknr Uf 1 j Iratabas e m nagt meont nforrn tlon 1echnology D labaS£lS Oatab s09s fldfIS l 1 a1' €'1 you rtt IOtlklng lor Informal'on system InfOJl rt on sy lOms ADBIS ADSIS you con gel 1 en Bay iN U i YCjr c 1 Sfll s fr•• 10% Ofl Ollit a' Ret i OfRlerlel In-Stock F Sa rnE l Day Shippt Uj algontmusOK bv An h I ' B· fP 'fUI I ' n - l ' ' 8 - Lt u· Algl n1mus lk Algon1hms AJqonlrnrJ Ajgon mu'S-l szkar Argonl r US 1IfH l'j sI- S lh3f 'i Catching up 0Mtl EuropeanHigherEducation Fund CEF tn AU-ih · Hdit '11I rr·'r I I'm· r ' h ' I il- r j 'l ' ' f i 'r f -h '1' FehDD 1 S· EljI6p' F e'soo la s-Ma9Y 'o slbg Eoucauon H1gher-€U1ope • E-ducaHon Higtl I-Huogary Bruno Fonseca Finding the wealth in your library and everyone else's Google Blog 24 August 24 2006 http googleblog blogspotcom 2006 08 finding-wealth-in-your-library-and htrnl 12 September 2006 100 256 UNCLASSIFIEONI-6R OI-FlelJlcL l J5E OULY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE erRY The other way to use the library search options is to click on the link for a book title and look for the Find this book in a library link At this point you enter a geographic location and the WorldCat search will try to locate the book as close to you as possible In some cases you may even be able to click through and reserve a book at a local library Find in a Library WotldCat ··' 'tl l -·_· I Romancero del tid ariadida y reformada sobre las antlguas que contlene doscientos y cinco romances by C rolinJ Mjch eli 1 V c o n c e ll o 1 'J Jp f1iJ l • Pllhll Jt-ef L P ' d 't n l ' 'lc' tl l 1U f I li t t lilo' foml illdil obt I lU J11lU I P§ UI Ulll I Jl y 1onll td ti l1tD' fl d rrJ I ' l H II I i I O f' mJ i l' tJ tft l ' · ' j lj t t ' Fl fl J 1 11 I l 3 jnj i JJ 'UO S U 599 R' _'''_ • _ i _ J mu m r' fT' f lhrl ln llt lb Rryanytjmt 'b iJh-1'iw ti· t iP-bf M r 'l l s etlt f ol LlK nillh 11l1't»III lti JI l u C rn b t i d JOI f _tl I atrlh1jW t ' n ' DR · J n l l r l v lng om iB k Le n d o n --Ih ra ry Lc r c r n Wli ·H lt 1-r I1E-d 'mydom Bo k 4 Un lverc ity of Odor d 'J G Jll I rn f ' ' i l ' This is an excellent service that builds upon library catalog search and makes it more user friendly and accessible through a single interface Google is clearly trying to do for book content search what it did for web search that is make as much content freely available on line as possible This may ultimately involve some sort of payment by users who wish to search print and download full text content for in copyright books but for now Google is relying upon advertising to pay for Google Book Search Google Book Search's future in large measure depends upon the outcome of the current battles between Google Inc and copyright holders and publishers either through some mutual agreement or through litigation UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR eFFlelAL tJS ONe 257 OOClO 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFlelAL USE Or LY Live Book Search Betal http books live com In December 2006 Microsoft introduced full text searches of public domain out of copyright books only Libraries participating in the digitization project include the University of California system Trinity College and the University of Toronto and Microsoft is actively trying to enlist other libraries Lest you think that there is no need for yet another book search tool let me assure you there is As with search engines there is a startling lack of overlap in book searches It did not take me two minutes to find an example Google did not return a single copy of John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart's The Nature of Existence while Live Book Search found the book in the University of Toronto collection As you can see the public doma in books may be viewed and searched in their entirety online or downloaded as a PDF Web Images News Maps ct essrtieds Bo ok i ·H More Acad em ic '· ' ' The Nature of Existence by John McTaggart Elli s M cTa ggart ' ' ' ' t V ' '' t J 1 ' 340 page s DD · oV l oad l hQ en t ire- b o THE NATURE OF EXISTENCE Searc h inside the b o o k f 'orge nic unity BV 21 pa ges s orte d by releva nce Pa g e 16bit -does necenssicarily posse va lue because forms not an orga u nity yets s the con ception of organic unity may hav e a n important J i JOIT ' 1 1 rAGGART ELLIR LlTt' ro ' UIDRlIJGP Ll b r • u JW As n U '' 1''nu n Of' Tlllrnn C r OGART r S O R E ' n J J · II J c m u lt Jt rt t l v w OJ' nils mnTN II C J Mi' bearing on t he ju dgment s which we form as to the value of the umverse Pave 162 of th e whole is obVIOUS although the whole possesses neither lif e nor beauty But ther e are no large and w ell- defin ed cla sses of wholes in whic h or ga n ic unity is ob viou s exce p t the classes of • YOLmlE 1 Pilge 161 i sties of n rqe nic unit y f ar more obviously than others do Most of the unit ies in w hic h these charac t erist ic s are specrallv obvious fall Into two c lasses biologic al orga nisms anc objects which are pcge 160 I hav e entitled this chapter Orga nic Uni ty bec ause it seems to me that our present position IS very like tha t which has generallv been given by philosophers the name of org a nic uni ty I or of Inne r l L __ _ d The most serious limitation of Live Book Search is the lack of advanced search features At present the only one that seems to work is intitle Live Book Search needs a way to limit searches by author at the very least and wou ld do well to emulate Google Book 's advanced search page Still it is a thrill to be able to search the full text of so many of the myriad books the world has to offer Live Book Search is accessible either under the More tab on the Live home page or directly at http books live com 258 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONL i 4046925 UNClASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL I JSE ot LY Metasearch Tool for Book Search Alan Taylor a professional Web Developer created an ingenious tool that searches A9 Amazon Search Inside the Book Google Books and Live Books at once Taylor recognized that as wonderful as these book search engines are they require the searcher to either guess which webs ite is most likely to house the results they want or to try them one after the other http kokogiak com This is an invaluable tool because there seems to be even less overlap among book searches than web searches As you can see from this search the three search engines returned a number of different books for one author - _609 _ _ - _ __ - - I _616 __ _ @'dilll ne pa e • • __ __ _-- Search Inside booksn om AS-com ocoee comand MSNLive Search - at the samelime ' _626 _- -- 2gg 1-10 01161 1· 10 011 3 1- 10 01242 Sludies In Th@ ltegeli llt Dialecti c byJohn Mt Taggan 2006 - Kess in ger Publi shing LLC I r he natllle of exisl nce byJohn McTaggart Ellis McTaggart 19 27 - UniversityPress m ean the sy stematic stu dy of the Essa Lectllle $ a nd a nd Elhics So me 0 01111 1$ of Re li lion - Par le xvi by John McTa9g 1I1 Ellis McTaggan 1906 • 299 pa ges SOME DOGMAS OF RELIGION CHAPTER 1THE IMPORTANCE OF DOGMA 1 BY melaphysics I ultimate nature of reality and by dogma I j l - ' On flaun 1J The ology The PhiioMph lcol Ratlic llis alld Other EssaY Som e O I Jma s of Rc l i lio n J rne q rn ls o J u I J by John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart 1930 E Arnold Phi I0601 hic 1 Sllulie s byJohn McTaggan Ellis MeTaogan 196B · Book s For Libraries Pres s SllId ies in Hell el iill1cos l1l oloqv by John McTagg art l lIis McTaggart 19 18 · Univer sity Press Jo hn McT l lflalt ellis McTM 9 ill1 1866 1925 by C 0 Broad 1928 • H Milford D ell e 10 he 'ise All Address Deli ver ed Befo l e he Heretics so' iyiilc· tii'iiiii iQe O tr ath - Pilge 1 by John McT lggar t Ell Mclagg 1910 · 16 pages ___DARE TO BE WISE AN ADDRESS Delivered before the Heretics Society ·in Cambridge on the 8th December JDHN mtt agg'1I1 ELLIS mctaggart DOCTOR IN LETTERS Snippet view · A boul this boo A Comme nlmv all Hen el's Lo ic by J ohn M cT 9 alt Ellis Mclagga t CHAPTER I INTRODUCn ON In this book I propose to give a critical account of the various transitions by which Hegel passes from the cat egory of Being to ••• Limited preview - T ble of Contents · Abollt I h i bt l k His to lY of th e FOity -si ltlh Rp il1lenl Indi m Volllnte lI file N ture of b cfstence They lea rned then and they know now that a grateful count ry wtll never forgel what lhey did for It JOhn McTaggart of compan y D was shot in the left leg at Sabine Cross Roads Th e N l1U1 e of Existe nce They learned then and they know now Ihat a gral eful countrywill never forgel what they did for it John McTaggar1 of co mp any D was shot in the left leg at Sabine Cross Roads Some O H lrnaS of Rell l on They leamed then and theyknow now that a grateful countrywill never forget what they did for A Metasearch for Books Inf lIltly They learned then and they kn ow now th a a grateful country wi ll never forget what they did for it JOhn McTaggar1 of compa ny 0 was shot In the leRleg at Sabine Cross Roads _ by John MtTa oga n Ellis MeTagoan 1906 - Edw ard Arnold A DOClD • • _ _ http kokogia k com booksearch UNClASSIFIEDlJFQR QFFlGIAL l ISE ONLY 259 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIiFOft OJiJilelttt tJSE e'4LY Answers com I am usually skeptical about ask a question tools but this one is definitely a cut above most The reason it is better is simple Answers com is the new interface for GuruNet which was subscription based and required users to download and install its software In fact before the Answers com site came online GuruNet was already an integral part of Amazon's A9 search service powering A9's Reference results If you aren't familiar with GuruNet it provides information on over 750 000 topics GuruNet has an extensive reference database including dozens of encyclopedias glossaries and dictionaries GuruNet will provide reference information from dictionaries including definitions pronunciation keys and language translations encyclopedias thesauruses a geography dictionary key American historical documents US Presidents US Congress US Supreme Court cases conversions abbreviations Bible dictionary Old New Testament English idioms wine glossary music glossary planetary astronomy glossary Marine lingo and many more Answers also draws upon Wikipedia for some of its responses a trend I believe is overdone Now users have many options for accessing the Answers com GuruNet resources 1 Answers com website where users can enter questions or queries that will draw from GuruNet's huge resource repository 2 A9 which will simultaneously query Answers com GuruNet Google Amazon and other sources 3 Google which switched from Dictionary com to Answers com for definitions and other reference information Answers com also earns its place as the premier answer machine on the Internet by adding a very handy cite option At the bottom of the results page where all the copyrights for each source are listed is a new Cite button 260 UNCLASSIFIED OR O j IGIAb I JSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFO OFFI61AL USE m L'f opyrights ' l h' l ll lI II' o 1 11 11 1 - ' l' ' - fI ' '' O' Dictionary deftnition of Fran ois Hitterrand Tr e Artlefi catl Hed tw e® DlcttOnanr of tit E n li1 h lcn lJaq 2 04 2COO bY HOU htOn Ml ftllfl l mpany ·p C ' ' ' 1 't r h1 More from Dictionarv lte· I r Fi UrlJ Edltl · n Cn Y9 19ht € n i' lI ri gh1 t k C· t - Ie on Ie Encyclopedia information about Fran ois Hitterrand 1Ft COh Jl1 ltli Elt'' ' ronk E'np k'r t cila Sixth Et11tlGfi O p ' right ''D 20- CO lmbia Uni lel $ltv Press l 'cen t j from ' h mb Ur t it P r i AI nght r s e rl'e d WtIlJI I cc columbi ed'J fcufCUpf More from Encyclopedj l lle · Wlkipedia information about Frarll ois Kitterrand Ttob I f lid f I Z Ij en 'ej UI1ck l th- GNU Free locumentation License It IJ e mate 10'11 forn t he Wikipedia article Fram ois Mitterrand More fromWikipedia i ' When you click on Cite you will then see a page that offers proper citations in MLA Chicago or APA formats To use one of these formats for the citation simply copy and paste the text from this page into your bibliography This is a very handy tool for researchers who need to cite their sources correctly Cite this source from this AnswerPage The URL of th is AnswerPage is Ihltp lwwwensw ers com lo piC fr en- Ois- mitter ' l 'lI1 d SeleetURL I e- r _h i 1J £ r I P'_ r L i t reference source Add tfus to your Bibljogr aphy Select th e tex t bel ow and then 'copy a paste ' it to your document Frencols Mit terraod The Ameri can He rita ge@ Dicti ooatv of the £n gtish l a nguage fourth Editio n Houghton Mifflin Company 2004 Answers com GuruNe t Corp 0 6 J ul 200 5 h t tp ' l Wof'fIV an we rs 'arM f ORk ' fran- I is- mit terra nd During 2006 Answers com continued to update its service One of the most noticeable changes was the find as you type option which uses AJAX technology UNCLASSIFIEDJtFO OFFI61AL USE m L¥ 261 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OPl lelAL t JSE OtiLY to anticipate your query As you type possible matching topics appear in a dropdown box as shown below Te ll mt ob ou t 18ia f-'- -'- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'- ChWS0 ' 8ll1JlJe d topl • i J V iech na luo • ai in poker • i'ia s on o Tel amM or S l a m l s • t i ' ' C lr lr'l'I • b 1906 3ulomolJil E • H i 1913 ulorf1C'l lfE • h i 1921 automolJile • i j 1926 automobile _0 ti ni h typ illg iIIml ' es Enfe•• Surfwax is aggressively marketing this technology through its company LookAhead http lookahead surfwax com Answers comis only one site among a growing number using AJAX technology for example Yahoo's Instant Search A9 and A9 Maps Ask and many others all use AJAX At the Answers com site if you do not like the Find as You Type feature you can disable it on the preferences page The preferences also include a long list of languages to which Answers com will translate from English but not the other way around I found this feature very confusing so here is how to use it If you have a term you want to translate from English on the Answers com home page enter the term and then scroll down the page until you see Translations and you will see the terms translated into all the available languages or only those languages you have selected on your preferences page The translation also includes common idioms which is very useful You can also go to the translat ions' page http www answers com library Translations and select the term from an alphabetic list Here is a partial list of translations of the English word abode this could be a very useful tool for copy pasting search terms without needing non-Latin keyboards to input the terms 262 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL t JSE ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFIGlAll JSE ONLY Deutsch G lm3n n - Wohnort Wohnsitz idioms Svenske Swedish • no fixed abode ohne festen Wohnsitz EM v'K Cleek n - KQTOIKia evmcir quo ClIOIJOVr • no fixed abode xwpi IJQV1IJtl KOToIKia 1M lIJ'Ii • no fixed nbode 72mJ3E ± px lII W Chmese ITradil o I ltatiano ltatien residenza domicilio n - Uk-liPJi idioms idioms • no fixed abode • I ight of bode senza fissa dimora dirltto di soggiorno n - lar m permanencta If curta residencia f idioIRs • no fixed abode • Iigh1 of abode • no fixed 'lb J Oi 'iE ± Ko e n - i 1 J10rtugues fPoltuguesif sem restdencta fixa direito m de rssidencia 8 4 Japanese n - fIPlj JiiilI idioms • no fixed abode • PVCCK Rus si m »oinaure 06 1TaJmLLl e I ight of bode ftPJFf iE Jiii im i AHlbiet -co 11 idioms • no I px fijl Chinese Simplified II idioms idioms • n • boning bostad fi d abode ight of abode 6ea nOCT05lHHoro MeCTO l I nenbCTsa n' Heb wj rtoaeo n - II m Ha t I1Jlbe n'l C1·1 r I il1 Answers com continues to expand and improve It is often my first stop for search and research As with any search the best tool to use depends on what you need to find If you want links to relevant websites about a topic Google is probably the way to go If you only need a fast answer in the form of a dictionary definition or encyclopedia entry Answers com is the best choice But if you want thoroughness A9 wins this one hands down because it quickly offers a choice among web image book and a huge number and variety of reference results that are only a mouse click away Any way you look at it Answers com is a great addition to any researcher's resource set Answers com http www answers com UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFlel ecL USE ONLY 263 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOR OFJiICIAL USE ONLY OAlster Add to your deep web bookmarks OAlster pronounced oyster to help you find the pearls This information retrieval resource now contains a very impressive 9 950 256 records from 729 institutions as of 10 January 2007 GAlster states ''The service encompasses as broad a collection of resources as possible i e with no subject parameters It is accessible to the entire Internet community without bounds However as you might have guessed OAlster is not for run-of-the-mill searches So just what sort of information does GAlster index The project seeks to provide easy access to actual digital records not just lists links or bibliographies What are these digital resources They can range from a 1959 photograph of an A P bakery from the Library of Congress American Memory project to poems by Emily Dickinson from the University of Michigan Digital Library Production Services American Verse project Digital resources include items such as electronic books online journals audio files e g wav mp3 images e g tiff gif movies e g mpeg QuickTime reference texts e g dictionaries directorlesj''l' Let's take a sample query and see what we come up with in GAlster Here's a simple phrase query- turing machine -asking for results to be listed in descending order by date most recent first Since many of the resources in OAlster have reliable dates e g journal articles using the date sort option should work fairly well 101 What Are Digital Resources Wheeler Library Otero Junior College Colorado http www ojc edu library digital htm 18 January 2007 264 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61AL l JSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOt 'FOR OFFICIAL l ISE m LY Browse lnstitutions Search Use th is form to find digital resou rces wha t is a digital resource fro m many institutions wh ich Inst itutions are available Why do I sometimes get dupli cate reco rd sz Why do I sometimes have trouble eccesstnq digital objects Check ou t th is exp lananon Help Search within fields holp Use a word or ph ra se e g diploma fa ncy dress IKeyword 3 I' turing machine I Keyword 31 31 1Keyword Limit by resource Choose one or more See help for search t ips te xt image aud io video dataset type he lp J Choose sorting of results h olp e g result s in dat e d esc ending orde r from 2002 to 1999 1_ tiii el e e s S J D 9 B author creator sea rch You can see from the results by institution on the left below that these 916 results are not your typical Google hits Home search Browse InstihJtlonli Your sea rch was in the e ntire r ec o rd fi ld HC lp for turi n g mach ine You foun d 916 eecnrd s RC'lI s fOUr se e- ch to retr ieve fewer records View your res ults startino with r eco rds 1 to 10 of 916 Results by Institution Neo t 10 Pecord Jump to Reco rds I J 11 I 1 91 18 1 2 i l ' ' 1 o1 S1 541 '41 731 8 21 911 erxtv or o Eprint nrchtve 91 re cords Brbhotece DigIta l Brestlerre de Computa cao BDBCom p Archive I r e cord Bibliotec a Digital de 'reses l ' Dissertecc es BDTD Institut l era sileiro de Inform c6o ern cieeele e Teenolo91e I BICT I r eco rd Cen ech Computer Science Techn ical Reports C STR I rp I nm Ca ltech etece-eorc Thes es a nd DIssertations t r p l ord c ueaese 9 '1 r e Lo rd ClteSe e r Scientific l ite ratu re O oj t 1 libra ry S7D r e cords CITID EL Co m puting and Infor matIOn Tech nolog r rr ae re cnv e Olqitol Education a l lt bra i V 0 re curds CogPrints Archives l record s Record I of 916 ad d to bookbag r ide Are There AbsollJtelr Unsolvab le Problems Godel's D ichotomy d QQer Author C reator Feferrnen Solomon Pub lis he r O'l'ford uni ver sit y Pre ss Yea r 2006· 01-09 0S 3tl S1 0 Resource Type TEXT Resource f orma t te xVhtm l language EnQlis h Note This is a critice l analYSISof the first part of G6de l's 1951 Gibbs lectu re on ce rt ain philosophical consequ enc e s of the incompl et eness the ore ms Gode l's discus sion is fremed in te rms of I'l dist inction bet wee n obje ctive rne themetics and su bjecti ve ma th em at ics ecco rdinc to which the for me r consists of the tru ths of mathe matics in a n e bs clu te s e ns e and the la tte r consis ts of all hum an ly de mon str a ble tru ths The Clu es tion is wheth e r' the se co incide if the y do no forma l axi omatic s yst em or Tu r inq mecbtne cen com preh end th e met he rnetuinq pote ntia lities of hurnen tho ugh t and if not ther e are eb sctuteh un s o lv b le rneth ernetica l prob lems of dioph a ntine form 1 Elthe r th e hum an mind infinite ly su rp u s es the powe rs of an y finite mach ine or e lse there e lst a bs olute ly uns olva ble diopha ntine problems J Subject G oumljde l on MathematiCs an d logic S pe cia l Issue Artid e UFlL http ohllmat o o rd 'uro ib ol'gi cgli ron tc-nt s horVnkJ003 URl http d • d i org l O 109 pllilma t nlo-J00 3 Riohts Copynoht C 2006 Oxford Univer sit y Pre ss Institution HighWire Pre ss Stanford Univer sity UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 265 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiil Opt Ol l lelAL l JSE ONLY OAlster works best in finding scholarly work from such sources as CiteSeer arcXiv Eprint Archive a number of research institutes and numerous digital libraries And some of the data is truly impressive For example I searched in all fields for neutrino note the ability to use a wildcard looking for the resource type image Here is one of the 32 images I found size l J • j SIllIl tt l optlon zcom by ditbr l'J on th@ • or - icon J u o You are not going to find images like this with a Google Live and Yahoo image search It is important to keep in mind that OAlster is not a search engine but a repository of information that is structured in a very specific manner and retrieving the data you want has to be done in conformity to the way the data was entered into the record http www oaister org OAlster More Scholarly Search Sites Other academic search engines that may yield better results than Google Scholar and Windows Live Academic search at this point Citeseer http citeseer ist psu edu Scirus http www scirus com srsapp http arxiv org Cornell University's arXiv org Research Now 266 http researchnow bepress com UNCLASSIFIEDllliOFt Olil lelAL I JSE e ••LY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlIROR OIRIRI IAb Yili O bY CiteULike http www citeulike org Foreign Doctoral Dissertations http www crl edu content asp 11 5 12 23 13 44 14 25 lSI Highly Cited http isihighlycited com Scholar Universe http www scholaruniverse com index jsp Ingenta Connect http www ingentaconnect com Infomine's Electronic Journals Search http infomine ucr edu cgi-bin search ejournal Science Direct select Abstract Databases tab Wiley InterScience Journal Search http www sciencedirect com http www3 interscience wiley com The Internet Archive the Wayback Machine You have to give Brewster Kahle credit for thinking big The founder of the Internet Archive has a clear if not easy mission to make all human knowledge universally accessible And who knows he might just succeed What has made Kahle's dream seem possible is extremely inexpensive storage technology As of now the Internet Archive houses approximately 1 petabyte of data and is currently growing at a rate of 20 terabytes per month This eclipses the amount of text contained in the world's largest libraries including the Library of Congress If you tried to place the entire contents of the archive onto floppy disks we don't recommend this and laid them end to end it would stretch from New York past Los Angeles and halfway to Hawaii 102 In December 2006 the Archive announced it had indexed over 85 billion web objects and that its database contained over 1 5 petabytes of lnformatlon l' But that's not all that Kahle and company have archived The Archive also now contains about 2 million audio works over 10 000 music concerts thousands of moving images including 300 feature films its own and links to others' digitized texts including printable and downloadable books and 3 million hours of television shows enough to satisfy even the most sedulous couch potato Kahle's long term dream includes scanning and digitizing the entire Library of Congress collection of about 28 million books something that is technically within reach but there are Internet Archive FAQs http www archive org aboutifags php

The Internet Archive 14 November 2006 46 Brewster Kahle Wayback Machine has 85 Billion Archived Webpages Internet Archive Forum 5 December 2006 http www archive orqli athreads post-view php id 84843 16 January 2007 103 UNCLASSIFIEDlIlROR OFFICIAL l I5E ONLY 267 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelAL tJSE OP4L'f some nasty impediments such as copyrights and of course money None of this deters Kahle whose commitment to the preservation of the digital artifacts of our time drives the Internet Archive As Kahle puts it If you don't have access to the past you live in a very Orwellian world Ironically between the Internet Archive's voracious appetite for websites which many view as an invasion of privacy and the Alexa technology which monitors web browsing through the related links feature in browsers many people think of Kahle as the Internet's Big Brother In addition to trying to capture every publicly available webpage and making them searchable via the Wayback Machine Kahle is pressuring Google to give him a copy of its database with something like a six-month delay to avoid competition with live Google So far the search engine innovator has not yet come around to Kahle's way of thinking but Kahle has a way of persuading people and institutions to make a positive contribution to mankind by contributing to the Archive Announced just 24 hours after Google went public with its own effort to digitize several major library collections the Internet Archive's plan to digitize the collections of ten major libraries cannot be a coincidence Among the libraries agreeing to participate in the Internet Archive's project are Carnegie Mellon University and the Library of Congress Million Book Project University of Toronto Canada Library of Congress American Memory Project McMaster University Canada University of Ottawa Canada Bibliotheca Alexandrina Egypt Indian Institute of Science India International Institute of Information Technology India Zhejiang University China European Archive Netherlands The goal In Brewster Kahle's own words anyone with an Internet connection will have access to these collections and the growing set of tools to make use of them In this way we are getting closer to the goal of Universal Access to All Knowledge 104 Once again Internet Archive founder Kahle reinforces his reputation 104 Brewster Kahle Announcement Open-Access Text Archives 15 December 2004 http www archive org iathreads post-view php id 25361 14 November 2006 268 UNCLASSIFIEDliFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY as a true visionary Imagine being able to analyze the changes to the English language over time Imagine being able to use the hand translated versions of past books as a way to train automatic translation technologies so we can more effectively translate any book into any language Imagine being able to analyze the interrelation of papers through their footnotes and links to find new patterns of thought Each of these projects is already proceeding using the digital holdings of the Internet Archive by researchers t' You have to love this guy Microsoft and Yahoo both threw in with Kahle and the Open Content Alliance OCA during 2005 Microsoft in advance of its new Live Book Search This occurred as Google was embroiled in not one but two lawsuits to stop its book digitization project The OCA has thus far avoided any such suits because it is only indexing books and other content in the public domain But Microsoft has made it known it will not be content to stick with public domain content which will put Microsoft on the horns of the same dilemma as Google It will be interesting to see how OCA and its members handle copyright and other infringement issues Open Content Alliance http www opencontentalliance org While some of its members may view the OCA project as a way to take on Google Kahle is not at all unhappy about competition from other digitization projects Quite the contrary he sees his efforts as augmenting more commercial ventures while he openly seeks to emulate in the public domain Amazon's approach to full-text search Any way you look at it this is great news Sometimes with all the petty annoyances in our everyday lives it is hard to remember we really are witnessing and even participating in a revolution in human knowledge And just how does Kahle envision storing all these treasures He worked with Capricorn Technologies to design what is called the PetaBox basically a very large affordable data repository that can store a million gigabytes of data Capricorn shipped the first of its PetaBox products to the Internet Archive in June 2005 All that data is accessible to users in a variety of ways none more interesting or useful than the Wayback Machine Using the Wayback Machine you may very well be able to retrieve a page or an entire site even if it disappeared from the web years ago Also keep in mind that Yahoo also offers an excellent way to search the Internet Arch ive to its fullest 105 Kahle UNCLASSIFIEDllj eR eFFlOljlcL USE ONLY 269 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffFeR eFFlelJicL l ISE eNb¥ Browse through 40 billion web pages archived from 1996 to a few months ago To start surfing the Wayback type in the web address of a site or page where you would like to start and press enter Then select from the archived dates available The resulting pages point to other archived pages at as close a date as possible Keyword searching is not currently sUPP0l1ed Put the Wayback Machine right in your browser The VVayback Machine Bookmarklet Drag this link to your browser's toolbar Wayback When you visit a page that you want to find an old version of just click the toolbar link You will be transported to any historic versions at the Wayback Machine Thanks to gyford corr htlp'llarchive bibale org the Internet archive at the New Library of Alexandria Egypt mirrors the Wa back The Wayback Machine http web archive org To use the Wayback Machine to bring back the past simply search on a uri or use the new bookmarklet that can be dragged and dropped onto your browser's toolbar Whenever you are visiting a webpage clicking on that bookmarklet searches the Internet Archive for earlier versions of that web address What you will see first is a list of all previous versions of a website stored in the Archive 270 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlSlJfcL l JSE eNLY DOClD 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDfil OR Ol l 'lelAL USE OP4LY I riT 'F t r T 4' I V I m9 IDC m mnD _ htl P J Teke Me Beck _ 90 Result s Searched for hu i ww w ikhw 'lIl lIet Note so me dup licate s are not shown See all de notes whe n site wa s updated 1996 1997 a pages a pages Search Results for Jan 01 1996· Sep 07 2005 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 a page s a pages a pages 4 pages 15 pages 26 pages 1998 6RL IU001 ' M 'd lQQ Ju1 21 2001 Sep 24 2001 Jan 23 2002 tu1ay 24 200 May 29 2002 Jun 04 2002 Jul 25 2002 Aug 02 2002 Aug 11 2002 Sep 22 2002 Sep 24 200 Sep 27 2002 Sell 29 2002 oct02 'J002 Nov 24 ' 002 Nov 26 2002 Nov 28 ' 002 d 'L Qm 2l1 lQ QQ Feb 07 2003 Feb 13 2003 Feb 17 ' 003 lvIar 29 2003 Apr 0'1 003 ' Apr 23 2003 ' Apr 25 2003 ' May 23 2003 ' Jun 06 200 3 ' Junia 2003 JuI20 2003 ' Jul 28 2003 Aug 04 2003 ' Aug 05 2003 Sep 22 2003 Sep 29 2003 ' Oct 01 2003 ' 2004 2005 42 pages o page s @' l 92 2004 Feb 02 2004 ' F8b'yo 2biJ4 Feb 11 20 04 1l llr 05 2004 Apr 07 2004 ' Apr 13 200 4 May 10 2004 May 21 2004 May 24 2004 Jun 02 2004 Jun 03 2004 Iun 08 2004 Jun 10 2004 Jun 12 2004 Jun 15 2004 Jun 16 2004 Jun 18 2004 un 19 2004 ' Selecting any date will show you an archived copy of the site as it appeared on that date Here is the now defunct Jihadist website Ikhwan net as it appeared on 23 January 2002 UNCLASSIFIEDIfI OR 61 '1 'IeiAL USE et4LY 271 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFISIAL l JSE ONLY 1J 1IJS oJI t i l 1 JI - ' W JI 1 r iU T i J N' ji- ' p v o ' r J 'tr ' 'djJ ¢ I V - -p i J l' l JJ J ri' l I Jj S lll jl ' r lA 1 t W1 JW AJI ' r i l I A I tl I i i 'I CtA Io i o ll I li y - '1 0 ' 'j lf 1 LiJ ' I J I ' 5 1 J I jJ L JJ J IJ I I sll 1 · I L s r 1S Jl JI lI llSll ' iW IJ I 'jW' 4 y I' 'l ' I a J '-f I • 1 1 ' a jljWl1 i ql ' 1 I IJ L s u ro w4 1 PJ ' s Ip J J L 1 JI ' 11 jl '1 1 -I ® J Q -I@ IJS I JA Jw-' I i lIAfI @i ' c I j1 1 J J lo j L J J IS ' ' 1 • wlJ IJ JJ Y' Ju ' J I t- Q -'1 c @ c - ' oT lIJY » s a @ r@' ' Ij 'jIJJI @' ' L lt c 1 The Internet Archive doesn't just archive the homepage of each website In most cases you can dig down deeply into a site to find many additional pages from a website that might have disappeared or dramatically changed over time A special feature in the Wayback Machine's advanced search lets users compare two versions of a webpage using technology from Docucomp This option will identify any changes-inserted deleted replaced and moved text and code-in webpages and docurnents l' The Wayback Machine is very simply one of the greatest deep web tools ever created In case you are curious about what happened to the Internet Archive's foray into search aka Recall the programmer who wrote Recall was hired by Google in 2004 and that appears to be the end of Recall 106 272 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAL l JSE ONlY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY Other Invisible Web Resources A great deal of what is on the Internet is going to remain inaccessible to search engines either because the information is password-protected is behind a firewall requires registration and or payment to view etc In short this information either is not intended for public viewing or there is a price to do so There is however a substantial amount of data that is meant for public consumption but is not indexed by search engine spiders public databases These run the gamut from very technical medical or scientific databases e g MEDLlNE NASA EOSDIS to frivolous e g Jokes corn How do you find these online databases and other hidden websites http www bubl ac uk BUBL There are a number of very good websites devoted entirely or mostly to tracking down web databases and other hidden resources One of the most impressive catalogs of hard to find sites is BUBL First established in 1990 the name stood for BUlletin Board for Libraries Today BUBL offers a huge index of resources primarily for academic researchers BUBL's index can be sorted by topic alphabetically by country or by Dewey Decimal System Deep Web Research BUBL LINK Catalogue of Intemet Resources Dewe· · I 8 t h I SUlIier MentE I o mlrie I Types Selected Internet resources covering all academic subject areas LI LIf-I RJ IE-I I il LI I KJ h 1 t1-1 t L1 '21 f-I QJ I IIJ LI ' J w 1 J LI 000 Gello llities 500 Scienc0 Includes computing Intemet libraries information science Includes physics chemistry earth sciences biology zoology lQQ PJ' Q Q J L l J Y ' S J 'l Includes ethics paranormal phenomena iQQT I i _ gy 200 Reli i n 700 The HIS Includes art planning architecture music sport Includes bibles religions of the world 1 'L _ i ' J' ' tLl 5' Includes ' sociology politics economics law education 4f QJil_I w Includes linguistics language learning specific languages -iln i uhlthnuli'ltks Includes medicine engineering agriculture management lite li ll aud rheto ric -1 ci des l tera-iG e-oTspe ific languages all fIOO l _ J - t lk ' lJ lil h i Includes travel genealogy archaeology UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlellli L USE ONLY 273 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDf FOR OFFlChlcL l JSE ONLY http infomine ucr edu Infomine Another scholarly resource is Infomine from the University of California Infomine is an excellent way of tracking down not only online databases particularly in all the sciences but also finding technical websites For example Infomine has a superb Maps and GIS webpage with a large number of links to databases devoted to mapping and or GIS Aardvark Asian Resources for Librarians http www aardvarknet info user aardvarkwelcome Aardvark Asian Resources for Librarians owned and managed by iGroup a database and eJournal distributor keeps a low profile which is too bad because it is a very good resource Aardvark has two sections Literature and Recommended resources and sites I especially like the Asian Databases section which currently lists over 650 databases Thompson Gale published an excellent overview of Aardvark by Professor Peter Jacs6 107 ERIC llhru ' J 'l 'r lli ERI e do cument citations fro m 1966 to date end t o th e full te xt of several th ousand arti cles Library - € - JOum aIS SCience L c - r'_ I rc iv ing Ou c um e nt Pr §erv rtio n Cou rs ewitr e J Cop yrig ht · t r o'isRef ru fti 1tU _nl tL Q UJ P ' v n m ellt Diuit f Ob t o d t nfifier O OI Diu i tiz il t i o l l lli n t UA t l X ' c 8 1 I nf u l'Ul iu n Lllcroij ¥ Co nl ere tces Exhicltion s Aardvotlc S rch FRIC t h p Ed u ca t ion a l R s n u r u tnfo r mi'ltlo n p ntp r is the world 's lerqe st so urce of educa tion inform ation It has m ore th an 1 million a bstra cts of docu ments a nd journ al articles on ed ucation resea rch end pre cnce Aardva rk 's ve rs ion of t he de tebe se pro vides a cces s to llf tL lli n s • QP n Are p s Onen AI hi ve lnititative J i n kiu Il I h l9 y 9i Ul QJ e nU 8 · I AtlaNews el 4tk ws a py bl nQ j -0r c a ren li r1 of J b rrte l nes tan d ' H' d 1 I f q 7 tli lifi P atn re t r·rds I • C h iT ' ' b ' T 5 s ie of 'oc ld eo o 09K5' tg CJJrb i ii LN Bt lU R tl il U r e Q l I rJ_lJ ' Lbt J Hti' jlllJ D l _¥ f b 'HL ACCESSh ut' f'- J l_p J1Jt L iJ AlIfl J H u r 'i B 9 L 1i -' 1 To browse beckfile s e ili l J b Q' Y _Q r ' r i A j w Nd ljo n Jl li b ra r ies · Asi4 fl Uni o1c rsit y li b ral ies I tg ' h rj Ji _ s 9 lM JI rY St IJi s 9 iQ ru t-0 Cl lH t tll d ick here I- f ree u n u r ifll d n d full te Ht H ielH e d nh iY ta 8usiness Ne e ds ' 'luLt Lllr H' y l i r t • 1 thli hJ L I J Milleno IJi fl $ t n ' C9mvrtlwr t rin gs 1 I 107 Peter Jacs6 Aardvark Peter's Digital Reference Shelf Thompson Gale October 2006 http www galegroup com reference peter aardvark htm 26 October 2006 274 UNCLASSIFIEOIIFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY D ' · J H U'1 IV ' fty illU fu Q r I S c-ences ir r tete - sie DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONbY http www deepwebresearch com Deep Web Research Deep Web Research is an information weblog created by the Virtual Private Library As a blog the site is designed to stay current with many links to a wide variety and number of sources related to deep web search and research Topics covered include current and historical articles papers and videos cross database articles search services and tools presentations and resources Deep Web Research presents an impressive set of links that includes everything from articles on what constitutes the deep web and how to search it to online search sites such as Searchlight the University of California's interface to publicly available databases in either the sciences and engineering or social sciences and humanities The biggest drawback of Deep Web Research is the lack of annotation of the links Most are simply listed by title and there is no way to know what services they offer without looking at each site individually Still Deep Web Research is an impressive collection of deep web resources A9 http a9 com Amazon http www amazon com BUBL Catalog http www bubl ac uk The Complete Planet http www completeplanet com Deep Web Research http www deepwebresearch com Infomine http infomine ucr edu Intute formerly Resource Discovery Network http www intute ac uk Pinakes Subject Launchpad http www hw ac uk libwww irn pinakes pinakes html Research Beyond Google 119 Authoritative Invisible and Comprehensive Resources http oedb org library college-basics research-beyond-google Ultimate Guide to the Invisible Web http oedb org library college-basics invisible-web There is a lot more to the hidden web than just that information stored in databases however Many of the most interesting sites are simply not indexed by anyone in part because search services have made a conscious decision not to try to index the entire web How do you find them Unfortunately there is no magic but here are a few tips that might help and often really do work UNCLASSIFIEDiVFOR OFFIelAL USE ONLY 275 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl6IAL USE OP4LY Tips for Navigating the Hidden Web 1 Always examine and follow the links from links pages at an interesting site it's quite possible that those links lead to webpages that are not indexed 2 Try uri guessing i e just try what you think might be the address of a site you're looking for and you might get lucky Do pay attention to any domain naming conventions widely used in a particular country The Russians often use cities as part of the name e g http www pager nnov-fu many other countries use the conventions of co for companies ae for educational institutions e g http www aid eo ator http www ua ae be etc 3 Spend time browsing a country's domain name registry many of these registries list all the websites in their top-level domain more on how to find a country registry later 4 Visit a country-specific website devoted to listing all the sites for that country and browse or search their list you will undoubtedly find a number of websites not indexed by US-based and focused search engines 276 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl6IAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61AL I JSE ONLY Casting a Wider Net-International Search Language Tools International Search I have tried to think of a better way to describe this topic which I used to call foreign search until I realized that what is foreign to some readers is home to others The concept I am trying to get across is simple do not rely on your favorite search engine for research Simple idea difficult implementation because users naturally and quite understandably have a very strong tendency to depend almost exclusively on certain search tools that focus on their location whether a specific country region or city That makes perfect sense until you try to find information about and or from other locales Vanilla Google Yahoo and Live Search are targeted at US users and locations just as Baidu targets the Chinese audience Researchers must first get out of the habit of using US-centric search engines then look for and bookmark country and local search services to have them ready to hand US search engines have largely set the pace and the standards for search tools around the world and in many cases are the engines underlying international search sites However the target market for US search engines is the US user not the rest of the world This means that when you are traveling on the web you must find and use search services that are appropriate to that region country or city What are some of the advantages of using regional search engines Focused search regional or country-specific search engines often permit you to search in one region all European countries for example or one country Focused data most non-US search tools collect and store data primarily or exclusively from their region or country Language selectivity international search engines must offer the ability to search in the native language s Non-Latin code sets the non-US search engines in countries that use nonLatin character sets often allow you to input your query in one or more character sets Of course your computer must already be configured to type in the non-Latin characters unless you want to resort to the cut and paste approach Translation function you may come across an unusual translation option in an international search engine UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFlelAL USE eNL'f 277 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFISIAL l JSIi ONLY The major US-based search engines continue to expand into international markets offering a myriad specialized interfaces by country and or language Search results may be much more precise using the international version of Google for example than the generic site In fact there is even a site that lets you compare the differences between Google searches using two different Google datacenters Look at the difference between the same search for the acronym ETA using Google com compared to Google Spain Coogle Web leta Web Results 1 100 of about 50 000 000 or eta -wikipedia Q j 0 19 seconds ponso'8 J EmDI0vmeilt Training Admlllistratl011 jETAj - iJS D8partm811t 01 Lab0r Links Information on programs assrstanca and training opportunities for employers and employees V- o f ·v dQlet11 Gv - 92k - 01 1 11 2006 - trtl 1i f2 ' ETA A ustralia ETA Programs Initiatives Emplo llwJnt TrainingAdministration 12 month ETA Visas 20% discount Australian visitor business visas n ETA Programs Initiatives The Employment and Training Administration funds and or runs a number of programs 10 help ensure the smooth functioning of 'N% f p dl1l f 190· 112PO ts WGlJr -mi - J2 C'ld f d· au _ErA_Vls ' E-T-A CirCUIt from 6evond tl i3 0 i A ' ' L J _i · t J r 2J _ - ' ' _ I L0_ J Components 9 warehouses Specialize in Terminal Blocks etc i V ·'i B r r tCt1rnpt tlf1nl'C com ETA Cuisenaire· ' r oosefrom NEIl' 7000 manipulative-based Math manipulatives VersaTiles Cuisenaire Rods Algeblocks Reading Rods Miriam Trehearne lab coats anemometer can be found here v· · etecuis enarra cern ··131 t l - d k J IJIlISVS I j ather V'f-NW Et l ' US I h ' ' 11 Dubai Propert 8S ETA Star Freehold Properties Own a Home Built On Trust ·'N J·N NAM Model Forecasts lAM Model Forecasts Latest image Current NAM SL PressurefPrecipitation Forecast This is a set of contour plots using data from the NAM model v f lIhe UfJlSi's Q r n im' · 14 - L J l t· S_l n etastar Cf rr Lowest MarzocchiPIK8S Learn everything about Marz forks Learn buy from the small quy Here is the identical search using Google Spain and restricting the search to Spanish sites Clearly Google Spain understands that to most Spanish users ETA means the Basque separatist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna Jg le Go t· rleL_t a_W_e_b- l m_aq_e_ne_'_G_'_UP_o_s N ot i a s Desklop lItas 8usqueda Busqueda- r la Web r I ll'ill'l a Ja paginas en espanol r ' paqinas de Espana Resullados 1 10 de aproximadamenle 4 990 000 d eta 0 28 sequndos Resulta jos de notIL18S que contJenen eta - i i l1iL __ w ' - ij£ LlQ l s El PP crl l qUI ETA na I cuperado su capacldad IJpl raffV l- EI OI8W hl1emlaries- - bece 11 horas en rl1bodl armas en Francra El Umvetsal I'J1t tlc 't1 - hace 17 horas IJ lrz6n IIlcrimlna a olros lies dingentes de Bal lsuna 001 · l i 1 lIfjltClI hace 10 huras Descubr12n uto ullhz ldo DOl ETA I I 'JD' 1Q e5 I ESQeclaLETAJa dlctadlJra del terro mformacion sabre la banda terrorista ETA su historia sus atentados las vlctimas que han provocado las negocraciones can et gobierno - r elmundc i b1el l - h - f - ' - r J ' l ' I ' ' ' ETA anuncla Un 'alto 81 fueqo p8lH ansnte' I elrnunrJo ss ETA anuncia un alto el fuego permanente La orqamz acmn terrunsta ETA ha anunciado un alto el fuego permanente en un comunicado remmdo a la televiSIon WVI'N elmundo si'Jlrnundo· COG D iespalla I114302G 1I101 I111n1 24' EL BOLETO - La Y8rdarJ sobre ETA jLa w8b de Ang8lbertu Web con mucha informacion sobre la banda terrorisla ETA r-h '1'p 'I lnf- wnrk- p sip8r sonrlli l9 lhFirtO - -'k f ' f t i· f ' D _- i ' ' Google provides the list of its local meaning country sites identified by thumbnail flags on its language tools page There is also a very good list of the languages and 278 UNCLASSIFJEDHFOR OFFlSlAL l JSIi ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl61AL l ISE ONLY Google international interfaces that support them available at the French website Intelligence-Center - Visit Google 's Site in Your Local Domain WIN gooqle de Deutschland ' Wof' I google COIll co Colombia I I www google fr France - www google es Espana I I •_ _ VoN V google co uk wvVw google co jp w w qo o le co kr UK 8 I I C - WvVll google it VoNlW 9009le 5e V NfW google ch Italia Sverige Schweiz www google be Belgie ¢ www google ca Canada www google com mx Mexico WINI google co il WW 'I google nl 'I N1' ' Nederland i I III - _ _ I I 'Nvw qoogle c1 Chile Vol google com au Australia vvy w qooqle ' 0 id Indonesia INvVII qoogle colll ar Argentina l wN google corn pa Panama 'NvW loogle at www google pl Polska wvvw google dk Danmark www google com tw W 'N·N google ru Q PO CCHA Osterreich t· v N v google corn br Brasil wvvw google co nz New Zealand - - w w google fi Suomi Google International Sites UNCLASSIFIEDiI'fiO • -- - w w google co in WINgoogle co t h India Ll 'i 11'1 f11I'1u http www google com language tools OfifilelAL USE ONLY 279 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFl61AL 1 J5E OP4LY Visit Google's Site in Your Local Domain C wwwgoogle ae o 1 4 yJl w1j 1I1 VI'Y1W google com ar Argentina L 'rww google ba Bosna i Hercegovina WW'N qooqle bi Burundi a vvVt w gooqle com bz Belize I WW' 'r qooqle com af I r ¥ rww google as American Samoa corn ag Antigua and Barbuda google at Osterreich 'hWW I I - iV'IW qoogle off ai www google arn Anguilla L U1JIllUUlWli III w google corn au vWffl google bg iT i11WT Belqie EJbJ1rap Cil C· w v gooqle corn bo Bolivia WoNN google corn br Brasil ' 'WW google ca v· ww google cd Rep Dem du Congo Canada ifIIJ www·9009Ie co cf Costa Rica ¥ rww qoogle corn cu Cuba v ww google dk Danmark www google drn Dominica IE ZG W'iI'W google az Azarbaycan - • Australia WoNW googl8 be www qooqle co ck Cook Islands -••_ V'l' I'M google II WoNW google corn bd WlW' qocqle ci Cote D'ivoire II ·' ONffl google com bh II I ww google bs The Bahamas W rw gooqle co bw • • W· oN qC1oqle co Rep du Congo Wo Ni qooqle cl l- ww google c Chile ' '1liI wwwgoogle cz wwl google de Deutschland Caska republika J w'N 'v· qooqle corn do Rep Dominicana Botswana C W' ' 'W google ch Schweiz www google com co Colombia Wo ''M google dj Djibouti WoNVtf google corn Be Ecuador W' oNof qoogle ee Eesti Intelligence Center Google Worldwide http c asselin free fr french googleworldwide htm While acronyms are a type of search that often renders ambiguous or misleading results searching for the English-language name of a non-English-language entity can cause similar confusion Here are three different searches for the Mexican group Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias del Pueblo known in English as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People The first search Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People using generic Google generates the following results which clearly illustrate the problem of searching for the translated name This search comes up with groups of this same name in Guinea-Bissau Colombia and Mexico 280 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFl6IAL 1 J5E ot4LY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflF6R 6FFIeiAL I ISE Ot LY Coogle Wei Desktop I Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Paople Search I e e wh Web MIPTTerrorismKnowledgeBase The Revolmlonary Aimed Forces of the People known by its Spanish acronym FARP is one of these splinter groups FARP has demonstratedits continuing Il-ib orfj ' 'mup jsp' qroupIO- 3 f11 23k f j 'N'IIN' - J U ' n MIPTT Ori Snl KIlowl8ClCl8 Base Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People FARP allacked Police target July 23 2000 Mexico Incident Date July23 2000 js p inrlD-' ' 1-1 1 3 21k - C L l ' i h NJof1' lkh ' ' ·· ··· · · ··· · · ' · ·o··' · ' I Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People - Wlkipedia the free RevoluHol Y Allned FGlces Gf hec People- in Portuguese Fon as Armadas Revolucionarias do Povo the armedwing of PAIGe duringthe struggle against en wil'I Il di8 liglwil I I2 ol JlI lrl jr J rmeIJ_F c12s oUhe _P 3t ple· 11k· ' ·' Li fi '- • i dH r rLfE I fnc 3n Part rOI tllO Indepen jence orGuinea andCaDe Verde in which both the political and military arms of the PAIGe were assessed and reorganised with a regular army Revohllionary Armed Forces of Ihe People en 'VFflpr dl 1 ur wikI Partith ' Afrlc CtrHJ_da_ l r dq enIJ rlcl '_ d s _ GlJ1r 8 ' _ C lJl l verde 311- - ' r - 'D L I E J i ' - J 2 r ' D b r 9 · ' 9 I Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People Information from Answers com Revolutiondly Aimed Forces of the People Revohlliollclry Aimed Forces of the People in Portuguese Furcas Armadas Revclucicnarfas do Povo the armed 1 - V tH_ 'lr S ' et3 lorn topic e-voluti' llilfy flIlned hHi es- of tlle people 29k i f0• o l j Next we search for the group by its Spanish name Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias del Pueblo using generic Google The results are very different and most refer to the Mexican group Coogle Web ResullS 1 ' 100orsbQv1 37 300 Of Fuerzas A l S Revohlcioll lIlas del Pueblo APiA· COlT unlcado de las Fuerzas Armadas Re'lolucionarlas del I T_'_ ' L _iC cL I FnenolS Almtldi19 Revohlciona ias del Pueblo FARP Err tarlo e-I Fnday 01 las 17' 4'3'5 por apia I ogm Nickname PaSSWNQ j rl ll n 1 co-u mnd l ' r r n '1 n«' r ' - fil '''''' 1r1j''' '-' 1 i - i lr 'r» - SepH mb r a r p ' fb­ Il seconds QJJ ' g59J 0 tiL 2 11 N '11 and lh d NI' s n Cars Trucks and 8Uvos lew nur Huge In 'E'nlor1 01 YfAV ' ' c -l rl CUlT 'h o' dl t A PIA oll1u1J aclo j las Fuerzas Armadas Re'lolucionarias del i i ' ' i C k· Flle'I Arml1das Revoludooalias del Pueblo F ARP Republir a Mel c ana a 7 de 3 9°5111 d' 2Q Envrado eI1u i ay ce A ug1 IS1 I fas CS· 3·j 5 pOT apia i ·'7 J Apn 'mIF 1 r vnlWh 'l 1 t i'i ' ··n 111lF' 1 '·'·' Sill' ' Vii-' - 11 1· C - t·l lonCOQie de E ' rcI10 Pooula RevolUClon mo EPR v j las _ _ _ _ _I_·J j SUJE t05 des csr ccidos qurensa E 1 irlan ' ntu ados con srcpo sul t r r ·n FtrerlllS Alfn lclus Revolucionadas del Pueblo FARP que operaria en el es ad odE · lr- q q' ' · r- 'E f1 ltr unk 'I l1U 1 - 'i1 ' j- l -t • CF CNC CG EL cFR I ERPI 'lIas FAR OCO 2 01 I ' 4 oOtdifl l'jv GIj 'ltllenll' r on 1I··Jo5e fij MOff CtS l l ara-da POt las FlIelZ 'H A m ldas Rev I c1oll lIi es del Pllobl F 4RP 01 EJI lcrto · · 1'$1a 'to- - ' l rw ' v -' '·n q '''' '' lJnh'' I C I 'fr-f'l I'' h fl ' • 1 I ' I E 'dti F C'J Cert o d D 'CUl1 1teC i' de los MO'llmiem S ' m· Mos·1 Oocum II' Wci Ft lI h P fs G1Upl£l Il goria Tilul 1 200 08 26 Mi1IHCO P rtdo OernocrnlicrJ Popular RlJ h cion mQ·Eje'cIID P£Jpular R 'IOlut cm lio _ l '· ' r k php J UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL I ISE 6NLY 281 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEO FOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY Notice how different the results are if we switch to Google Mexico http www google com mx and limit the search to Mexican pages virtually every result refers to the Mexican group FARP the one we were seeking Google La We § QesktofJ I Fuerzas Armadas pevoluctcnenes del Pusl Busqueda r la Web r La Web rlhls I Busquede I vaf l'Z ada paqinas en espariol ' paqinas de Mexico Resultados 1 10 de aproximadamenta 188 de rUeIZI1S Armadas Revolucionarias del Pueblo 0 36 segundos boletin SE TIENE CONOCIMIENTO QUE LAS FUERZASARMADAS REVOlUCIOIlARIAS DEL PUEBLO FARP SON UNA FRACCION ESCINDIDADEL AUTO DENOMINADO EJERCITO POPULAR I N 'N flOrOd llHiufl i C Lllllffl liDl ' GflihSf nJ1 html 4h n _ ·f'l - F-' '- E'_·± ·'ir tw- EI Sur de Acapulco 26 de del 2006 _a pasar de todas las descalilicacicnes y que han usado a las FARP Puetzas Alnhld s Revojuclcnmlas del Puehlo para golpear al movimiento armado 'N'hf 'f surecepulcc CM'I m vnote pl'tp' 1Id_no a S2D3 - 18i Cr _ - g_I '1 Y l _f EI pais Int8stadode grupos guernlleros -Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias del Pueblo Grupos con presencia regional Sonora -Cormte de Defensa del Pueblo Baja Cehforma Sur ' ' lf _ 1 ' I ' rlS-L gl fJl' Corr uru cgl Golum22'YolC2iJ04040B031 218 - j 3k - Regrf2 Cc-d_ J L g9mQQ _ atali iJ ggI y acredltados a un grupo aulodenorninado Fuerzas AlllhlddS Revolucionarins del Pueblo Nunca se supo mas de esa organizaci6n supuestamente guerrillera - Ir- ' · hV 1 n 6I' c of rrl1dq l-olr i r s- l I' Crylnljl1i rg e l'JmD4'%7C2 Ji 405 70G52L11 Abri6 PGR 15 averigu8Ciones en Oaxaca Cabgza de VaC8 • y de las FllellaS AIIHadiis Revoluciouatias del Pueblo FARP escision del POPR-EPR con una acuvidad de propaganda pcluico-militar en Nazareno Ella 1''''' oN oom cc n rn lso rJl l apulcojn t ls n3S 121 htm - 20 t 1 - i _ - 1T' S '_ nd s' e La Jornada Nolasco nuscsbsn Informacion sobre actmdadss de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucienarfas del Pueblo FARP que hizo su aparicien en Xochimilco en 1999 v'lv v' · Jornc J 1 unam y l 14 111 iJ33n 1 3P php 1 '1' ' s' 1 1 -1 - ' CuestJOni' Ii' APpe a Rueda o r 81 posible reqreso i' lases Mas aun las Fuerzns AlIl1adas Revoluclonarlas del Pueblo FARP convocaron a todos IOl 1Irtnf C nnHtiroc rll ll ml1l11mi ntn nnmrlar 1l m 1lnic t ri ll1 lI llam ar 11 la Google's local search usually offers the options to search all of Google pages only from that country or pages only in the language of the country sometimes as in the case of India the Google local search has versions in multiple languages As we have seen you will get very different search results if you limit your search to a specific country and search in the language of that country the results are especially dramatic when the native language uses non-Latin encoding Here is a comparison of a search for Jl Nasrallah first in generic Google 282 UNCLASSIFIEOiYFOR OFFICIAL U8 ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFQR QFFICIAb I ISE QNbY Coogle Web IfTl8qf 'S IJlI- o- Web TunisiaGate Cornrnunir W5 J JS llu olll L i ·' 1 1 t'· ' L 'E I Full Version I 1y JrW1c 'YI - - ••• ' ' 1 I A J5 l J lS 1 I ••• v v' v uili' i g sle neUFurum lofiversion inder rhr t795 htnt - 7k - - t - i - ' ' J r r Jl' lliclI J5 l J lS lludl - -r Ih ' 1i' I 08 09 J uJ1 1 a wl ll _• 2006 I - -' ' I J o lJ J $ll I ••• vw w lunlslagale no r forumfmde _php'iaCl ' ne p ' 4M ' h15 10Bk UPI I 8men 11 RCSlJ t· 88C ArabiccomI L - JL 1 bw I0 I -I I ' J_ tJL s_ jl Qf I yy 1 I uuw o jl L a rY' f L I u ••• ' l I i'i 1 no' w'3 bbc co uk lu arabtc nuddie_ 13t n8'· ·v n ' vs lj _5 'OSOljl S Ci5350 strn IJ l·Ir j - i r ' ·1 1 Palest riC Illforrnati on Center· I 1 - - _ J J i_ __ l· _ i 1 ••• - dy rY- t l'-' t 12 il l'U'-4 'y' o l i c5 kJ c '- c--' ' tN r'N netestme inro-urdu r wll lj duih rl' l Jh 1ma lal r 8nl J2004JIOO 1 29 Palestine Information Center- - ' OS 3 0 1hs 00 r 3004 shtrnl - 4k - I • • l G k C LA lI'o ' 40 c5 dy UI j o ' cs l G 'Olr iu jljJnew8f2004hpldr1IJi 'ldl shtml ' 21 k • 'AN ·'A jJ31 'S irl -·info-urdu Irani an Bar Associ aliOilS e l i 1 1 rl - l' J j J JI 1 iY 1 I' 'A' ' J-w jJ $ ••• ' v witanbat fJrgtni-l21 nhp 38k · 2Lb f If di ' 0j i ' Here is the same search at the Google Saudi Arabia site limited to Saudi sites - -Yi i R d Fc ut ign th · Lalh I V $on u s 2 Educ Jtiofl J I c JD1 1 Ai Vlia1 lt A S iL1di tl€YlSpapot t0I1C BII i 91f € g Jo ll 9gionfll tnd local rn rtlelsit 1l ' of COrNj f 9 H' f l rehgt-D -uS comme rcial polijiGi lI S lcifll •• ____ · v l· i ' jL r c ' i fd J' 20 0 3- 3Jpdi il ' fpfJliti 1 hl tl - Poh y Vis _ - i •• _' i U jl J 1 f' ' ' I ejJJ - ll - 1i $y o-Jt-J I y -i vk j'ofA i ' l«n I j J I 'f2iJJU-Jj·' Btk lJ 'Jt I ' j_ y 1 j n 14k L - j - • _ oWJI ' •• o J -' 'i c r y ku Jt ' 1 f l't f0 ur '-J fl 1$ 1 Lh L U ••• u et uJili _f I - '- j ' ' 0 11 1 - ' J d· AP' ·_I 9 l1fJ3 ·i· -'- - ti I - U J J L l JJ ' JI· ' •' lh d 1' Ilt fl L ' £' ' H a tJt » 'jI -iL - -1 l r ' ' ' llhJ' •• Jl J J'li JJ 1 ________ W-K' 333' 1t J J n '· tr h _W1jl - 1 V' ' ll - -b u YJ - tl i' Iol1S Tj i lhi -1 Jh ' 'fly Cr B C ' JfI -h 3 3j htld 1 lU_ - J - GJI ••• 1 1 1 -''11 tl - Jdu ' ii ' ' 'i 1J lI l '''' - 'y o o - I - ' W V I' i ' '1 2' 6 reO 1 ' 'y i'721- rnl J2 I- lc ili - 'e- h l u l fIJJ ' ''''t tt f t 0 llo ' ' 1 1' _I J UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR Ol 'l 'lelAL tJSE ONLY - t ' r-- J t 1 J FJ i i f8i 3 283 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlGlAL t JSE ONLY You can of course search in Arabic at the generic Google website or you can go to various specific Google locations to search Your results will be different depending on where you search how you limit your search by domain country and in what language you search While basic Google may be fine for a quick and dirty search detailed research requires us to explore and exercise many search options I suspect we are all guilty of relying too heavily upon Google and thinking that if it is not in Google it doesn't exist well at least not on the web That of course is wrong Here is an example First are the results-rather the absence of results-of a Google query for a Russian website forummurata h15 ru Coogle Web Your search- forummurata h15 ru - did nor matcn an QoCUrner ls SU9geSl·ors • Makesure allworos are spelled corrsctty' • TIV dilf rE' 1t 1 E'ywor js • TrV mo egeneral keywords Even Google Russia does not find this particular urI However look at the results for the identical query from the Russian search engine Rambler which returns 5054 documents from 15 sites Rambler 1 1S f lJ 1 tl • r Ul'J Ru 1 -p't-d 3iA IIU ty 'ta l be $ JTol no S e t1'l _ ' -11 lUi rf'r 1 Il 1 • n·ilbl1 -l'-'-' _ 1 '-1 '1 '''' 1'1 r '5e l' 0 OI l'lld q «' P 't e t fl f qJct H I rlbl lt f i cAU rOCW'JJ 1-f'J 12 rer 310 COu Ht@ Ct6 ' aII c r 'C1 pa'Jta ' fl JJ '1111 t Of O 4C£11E1HCf'O »rlJH B ' RU - _ - I forummurala h15 ru _i'l'@ l j I nOt r I nOJt je-O re Jt I r 'm ' i Ea t a01n cr Jpy lt't l fOrununuratlll 1l15 ru 'el 'fU p pAt C'9 200 Z' OI t ''' ' t r- rt o- l ' l • 'r' ·f' l 1' ' ' I 'Or nt n iCtIllIlUIUII 1 - hEI IU F - r _X forUmmur3ta h ts ru __ nb V _ L QI Y' _-Jl 1 _ 1 1 '1 rtt o- 4tc'Pyme lorummurnia h1S-ru 4J 1 t1 forummurata nts ru LQY o ' - P _' Q _ 2 tIg 'J rn lY ¢tCO 'l'O l forummurata hl5 nJ 0¢¢T n ¥-·f t ·_ ·i 'i lI'I ·Ic P·V ' _-j· _·'-I ' ·I· - · _ HA l'tl · 1di Ji ' 4 fo ummurala h15 ru _ rP ' '_J2l TbLU ' JJ Jl ol iEl i 1' ll I nt f ' q Cf ' larummur4ta hl S nJ ttT e 'e CCt '$ t 'I' l f ·· l· 5 forummurata h15 ru ·· rr·· i' r' ·f'r' t -r ·-· ·rr '·'· '-- 1 - -n 'JO rr O i' r ' TSiMbl· '' HAT6 8a n r · t Tb tD i AJ-l rn S' t p -£ __ '· i '· I- r' I lm oo ¢oOP 'm8 forummurata hU rv 19v 284 ' · r · 't· ' '_' ' 1 S · l' ' 1''0 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlGlAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61AL lSe Q lbY Please believe me when I tell you that there is a remarkable lack of search engine overlap in general and those differences become even more dramatic when we are focusing on international sites terms and non-English non-Latin encoding Interestingly in the example above Yahoo performs well returning 37 hits for the same query The results for Yahoo and Yahoo Russia are virtually identical which means they are searching essentially the same database while in general Google's local searches produce very different results Yahoo offers its own version of an international page http world yahoo com Yahoo International Y ahoo My V hoo M i1 M akeVI youl home pag e gr sign In x N ' 'It 7i User Sign Up International Yahoo Ame l a Argentina Asi 1 Paclfl c Mexico srazu U S Canada U S III Chinese Canada en franp lS I Telemundo Europe Asia Australia NZ Korea Malays a Austria c ataian Netherlands Norway China Hong Kong India Indon esia Japan Philiopine s Denmark Rus 6ia Singapore FinlanCl TaIWan Thailand Germany Vi tn 'im OreH e Spa n S' eden Switzerland UK Ireland France Italy • Fjnl od N O I ' • • Sweden • H nm rIc N th e hncls _ GtomulI¥ SWltz e bn d •• Au sbi-il Func• • UK Inl _d c an '1 en lIn a s _ _ nH t United Sbbs U S •n Chinese -' - Sp _ _Ital • Gree e hin-ile V Tel mundo IMia Heh9 Kor'l9 He tlico _Kon oI ehp n • ToIiWoIn hai i •Vj · irippln es Sing p or-e _ • nd one i_ O uil • AUftull it NZ Atgentin While non-US search sites are often the best places to perform country-specific searches finding these resources can be a research project in itself Your best bet for locating these search tools is to start with a directory of search engines that offers a section devoted to international search tools such as the sites listed here Also remember to look at the megasearch sites for sections on international regional or country search engines All Search Engines com http www allsearchengines com foreign html Beaucoup http www beaucoup com European Search Engines http www netmasters co uk european search engines UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JS 6NLY 285 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL tJ8 OI Jty FetchFido European Search Engines http homepage ntlworld com fetchfido2 interface searchengines european htm FetchFido World Search Engines http homepage ntlworld com fetchfid02 interface searchenginesworldwide htm FinderSeeker http www finderseeker com Infisource Foreign Language Search Engines http www infinisource com search-engines html

foreign International Search Engines http www arnold it com lists intlsearch asp ISEDB Local and Regional Search Engines http www isedb com html lnternet Search Engines Local and Regional Search Engines ISEDB Local and Regional Directories http www isedb com html Web Directories Local and Regional Directories Phil Bradley's Country Based Search Engines http www philb com countryse htm Regional and Special Search Engines http www ntu edu sg lib search specialframe htm http www searchenginecolossus com Search Engine Colossus ' Search Engine Guide http www searchengineguide com pages Regional Search Engine Index http www search-engine-index co uk Reqional Search Search Engines 2 http www search-engines-2 com Search Engines Worldwide 2003 Ultimate Search Engines Links Page http home inter netltakakuwa search http www searchenginelinks co uk In summary the basic rules for international search are Search first using generic search engines such as Google Yahoo Live Search Gigablast Exalead for a quick overview and to size the query Locate and bookmark multiple international search engines and directories including country-specific search sites of major search engines such as Google and Yahoo Search on the English-language term Kurdistan Workers Party the transliterated term Partiya Karkeran Kurdistan the native language term in its proper encoding e g Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan in Kurdish and the term in any related language e g KOrdistan i 9i Partisi in Turkish Search for variations on a name e g PKK is also known as KADEK KongraGel the Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan Halu Mesru 286 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL S QNb¥ DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfj'''O O FleIAL l JSE ONLY Savunma Kuvveti HSK or the Kurdistan People's Congress KHK you get the idea Some queries demand a lot of attention and effort Search for acronyms in their native language version PHE a transliterated version RNE or an English-language version RNU all of which stand for the group Russian National Unity aka Russkoe Natsionalnoe Edinstvo RNE or PYCCKOE HAl V10HAJlbHOE E QV1HCTBO PHE Use sites such as Wikipedia to find native language spellings and encodings these can be copied and pasted into search engines that can properly handle non-Latin encoding and or diacritics Limit queries to country-level domains e g site plus country digraph or to a specific language e g language plus country digraph or use the search engine's advanced search feature Rule Six Look for specialized and or unique functions ln foreign search engines UNCLASSIFIEDh'FO OFFlelAL USE aNL' 287 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNf06R eFFl61a1cL l ISE QNb¥ Online Dictionaries and Translators Finding online translation tools is becoming easier as the quality of these machine translators steadily improves as well There are three basic types of translation tools available via the Internet At the simplest level are online dictionaries which translate one word at a time usually from one language to another One step up from online dictionaries are text translators which translate words phrases or maybe a paragraph entered either by typing or by copy-and-paste Text translators are most useful for translating an odd or unusual word or phrase to English The crown jewels of Internet translation are the web page translators which automatically translate a web page or even an entire website The quality of the machine translation varies enormously from product to product some are surprisingly good others are dreadful However most are usually good enough to let you know if the page you're viewing is about soccer or cellular technology And certainly if you are dealing with languages that do not use the Latin alphabet Russian Chinese Hebrew for example almost any machine translation is a blessing yourDictionary http www yourdictionarv com index shtml There are innumerable language dictionaries now on line most of which offer some sort of automated look-up feature I believe the best of the online dictionary metadirectories is the one created at Bucknell University that has become yourDictionary com This site has the most comprehensive impressive set of links to dictionaries I have seen ti TIl l C lOnary COm YoU r r L' Home - j ift0 CW_G t Xll r r - AWo bofOnlln D cl on es sno' apart yourOletionary co - Find out rna - C Sb lD mi Is I I t - Multl Un9ya IGTranflatfon t tjOt hmr Ind@ I ' i 'nyms m · -I - --G ' · ··To - · - · ·i d' ti·fj 'i 'D'R ' - ' - h'-'i -'G-L'ib' ' '-'i Language llictiomuies Top Ten Language Dictionaries Ci English 'J Spanish French C German Japanese Chinese J im j Arabic Russian 'CXFun '-G i-' j M' Quick Look-up English l ' Dicnenary TYPE IN YOUR WORD a • voc SELECT - - - CLICK GO I 8 TIll SlIlUlIS TYPE IN YOUR WORD 8 CLICK GO c I lEi n30 mOle I Help with the Dictionary lhesaunJ5 Me m·Webstel CoUeg te@Di i on V E•The l lulti-liugUlll 288 UNCLASSIFIEDJiFOR O fOleiAL liSE eNLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61AL l JSE ONLY Foreignword http www foreignword com Foreignword is an excellent language and translation resource that automatically links users with more than 265 online dictionaries for 73 languages and single point access to 28 text and uri translators for over 38 different languages Be sure to check the Tools page for Translate Now This page provides access to machine translation tools including Systran Arcnet Worldlingo InterTran and Cybertrans among others l ow llooll NoW 'l' wJtuud ANADU A Foreignword com TIH 'l lnguII W Sill' 1l_ I DIIB_1 l l1 l l II - 5 t Translate mm I from r n911 __mJ l - into j· on llngu 1 - Blm • • n 'fiitiih¥ • Word translation Access 265 online dictionaries for 73 IClnguages English German The first free Cebuaoo all-in-one translat Chechen wizard for pes Chinese Download no Chinese pinyin Chinese yale A N A 0 Dutch Chinese more • Text translation Use this too to translate small texts Some 60 languages supported English German soemsh rtdlian Dutch Chinese more • Language guessers What language is this • Find a pro with thp PROMT Is jQ e of 'EUREKA dangered language 3earc Engine alth More software fro Danish Foreignword DuIC h English imifitbUI ViI Esper nto - - Estonian - I Software tools for translation Finnish nstaticn It's new at Foreignword arket Itimedia All our free e gets use - Text translation French Frisian - Translation Galician memories - Other tools - 8 00 r ia n Iiorejs ugQe The Origins of machine translation bV John Hutchins -o Do translators tit into machine translation - Tongue tied no more Black English Equals Any Other Language Translatron mistakes can be dangerous for medical patients I language tools are now also available in Polish Slo enian GermiJo -c-cetelen Russian -o netien -o'rurktsh w- Hungarian ·- Purlul jue -t ' Eur Portuguese Br -· Greek Crodtian 1tJtedonian Resources Eureka the new search engine for I 2 J rrier Croatian Cloch Spanlsh ltalian l - __ Numbers in Over 4500 Languages Tr lnc l t inn Don't miss the new I ATO··RUSSIA http www translate ru eng srvurl asp PROMT maintains the best overall web page translation service PROMT offers both text and uri translations to and from English Russian French German and Spanish Keep in mind there are many more single language machine translation services available Use Word2Word and Foreignword to locate these sites The most widely used though not the best translation system on the Internet remains the Systran machine translation software Systran's translation is available through AltaVista's Babelfish Google AOL and the French search engine Voila UNCLASSIFIEDOFeR eFFlelAt USE eNt' 289 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ONLY @promt Professional 7 0 Features and Benefits A ebsite Translation by PROMT t F- Translate text offers free Webstte Tlansla1i l1l s81' lice for English German French spantsn Portuguese Brazilian Italian and Russian languages The service is powered by new -QPf l11 0 na l I 1hm $fAtw'll Y Ln Translate E-mail Translale VVAP All the text contenl of Web site will be Iranslated including hyperlinks and picture tilles Also the original Web site layout is preserved in translated pages and linked pages will be translated automatically when you navigate to them » MAKE YOUR WEBSITE MULTILINGUAL FOR FREE ecc m i ' i 5i Address Do wnl fi id fl I nsLlt H 0- Direction Encod'ng 27 11 1006 r Je' l lFwrvn al nE-1 in P QilJ 11l 10 2006 Fr- n Tr nf-illbn Bey ref OJ AX f rJ t G 03 10 1006 PR fJ T €'nt IS the § ii iE C' Jhttp l r -Dg i ' - R - - S-i -D I ' - s Ja 'lEJ' Subject JCommon lexis GRussian-English IranSlation' I Auto Autotranslale IJnk German-Russian translation Russian-German translation Transliterate unkn French·Russian translation Russian-French translation Spanish-Russian translation Russian-Spanish translalion HOVl to tr n' I J' Italia n-Russian translation English-German translation 1 Type or pas German·English translation 2 Choose Ih' English-Spanish translation 3 You can ch Spanish-English translation field Encnr English-French translation 4 To translatr French-English translation first page English-Portuguese translall 5 Press Trar Portuguese-English transtatlt French-German translation German-French translation French-Spanish translation m - J J Choose Translator Pocket PROMT 5 0 •• - - - ite you would like to translate m the list e g Internef' and translated pages in the urfing through links from the promt Office 7 0 _ ' • €I•• ill It ' • $99 Logos Multilingual Portal Another site that has been around for years but was vastly improved is the Logos Multilingual Portal Logos includes a dictionary a universal conjugator glossaries a translation course and links to other language and translation sites The Logos dictionary contains over 7 million entries in 150 languages In addition to translating terms the Logos dictionary gives complete definitions grammar context pronunciation and in some cases associated pictures Logos also offers access to over 1000 glossaries in different languages One of Logos' best features its ability to search in all languages at once which is very helpful in language identification i e identifying non-English terms without needing to know the language of origin The easiest way to find terms in multiple languages is to go to the Logos Dictionary main page select Advanced Search then type in the term Logos will present the term in all the languages in which it occurs 290 UNCLASSIFIEDlllZOR OraralGIAb US QNbY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDl1IiOR 0 O ICIAb YSE QNLY - - - ' ' TJ Ablliamo bisogno divlncale la lame lamiseria e l'esclusione sectate soto piJrofe Assl clazlane Ilalf lna Saslenllllri fame zera universal conjugator I I Hebrew parole If I then select parole in Italian I am presented with its definition in Italian and the option to translate parole with the following results dicologos children's dictionary Queryagain universal conjugator I Search wordtheque children's library m English L 'onl logos toolbars II Italian L parola Spanish L palalJra anagrams crossword addsearch box forum glossaries help credits translation course wordfast verba volant home page 0u0tation of the day --I I -• • French mot German Wort RussIan L C n0S0 Arabic L Chinese L El fulli Albanian ArAAvnes parala - pallabra II Astut an IIl_ Basque •• 00 L Is439624-1 ltitz Bengali Bangia Bolognese pariila Brazilian Portuguese palana Bresciano parIa Breton Advanced Se Hch twk UNCLASSIFIEDH QR QFFlCIAL YSE ONLY 291 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED ll RQR QFFlSIAL 1 J5E 8NLY Logos also offers a feature called logos library formerly Wordtheque which is an interface to a vast database containing nearly 700 million words in almost 32 000 texts of novels technical literature and other texts in many languages Logos is certainly one of the most valuable linguistic resources on the Internet For example here is a search on the keyword web and shakespeare - GJv - - I Wordtheque I news I job s ToolBar I statsl You cen tell word by the company - Context information for web Match N 1 Ne h ons I i¥i f ' -' keeps Source httP the-tech m du Shakespeare HlstorY kinghe j gubject DRAMA 812 I l I ' FLUELLE'N ' 'Ti ' _b tter for his swellings nor his turkey-cocks God I 1 ·········1 WordtheQue Biography all the Wordtheque ' ' ' t V' translators exchange I I aboutus I THE DIVINE COMEDY - HELL fOlum translators exchange glossaries credits rranstanon course Iwordfasl - - ' - - - Aut h o r ShaKespeare Wi lidm ' itJe TRCILUS AND C RESSIDA Logos http www logos itllang translen html Logos Dictionary http www logosdictionary com pls dictionary new dictionary index p Fagan Finder Translation Wizard The main page of Michael Fagan's excellent search site Fagan Finder is designed to help people find what they are looking for by providing a variety of web reference media news and other search options The home page also includes a number of links to informational pages e g on RSS popularity rankings and useful tools Probably the best of Fagan's useful tools is the translation wizard The translation wizard brings together over two-dozen online translators from other 292 UNCLASSIFIEDffJi8R 8JinCI lcL 1 J5E Ot LY DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDhTOR OFFIOIAL l JSE mJLY websites Many of the translators Fagan Finder accesses will already be familiar to users-Systran PROMT InterTran But there are many others that users may not know about and Fagan Finder can help you locate and use them from one interface Keep several things in mind first Fagan Finder is simply an interface to translation tools located at other websites Second some of the tools it accesses are only word-far-word dictionary translations while other will translate blocks of text and still others are true uri or webpage translators translating entire webpages or even sites Finally some of the sites Fagan Finder accesses require registration to use e g Ajeeb's Arabic to English webpage translation tool All this being said the Fagan Finder translation wizard is a wonderful resource not only because of all the translation tools it brings together in one place but perhaps even more for the virtual international keyboards it offers At present Fagan Finder provides the following virtual keyboards • Arabic • Cyrillic • Greek • Hebrew • Thai Virtual keyboards make it much easier to translate text from one of these languages to English because they mean users do not need international input locales i e software for non-Latin keyboards loaded on their computers Fagan Finder's virtual keyboard option even supports right-to-Ieft languages Second the international keyboards can be used not only to translate terms but also to search on non-English terms How It's simple Select the international keyboard of your choice at Fagan Finder type a word or phrase in say Hebrew UNCLA551FIEDlI'fOR Ofneb L l JSE ONLY 293 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFI€IAb bJ8li g II Y Enter text or a URL chanae text direction hide intematlonal keyboard Hebrew Kevboard m I·' ' 1''1_ - ' ' I_ I 1- 1 'i ' i l WI · '1' 1 • • 'i r J l·j 11 _ Choose another 'from' language to lise its script - - Fagan Finder Translation Wizard v- 1 UJfll illtl l http www faganfinder com translate Then copy and paste the Hebrew term or phrase into a search engine such as Google and Yahoo and many international search engines that handle multiple character encodings and you can search on the term without having to load a Hebrew keyboard Here are some other interesting and important facts and features about the Fagan Finder translation wizard The wizard gives users the option to list all translation matches to choose multiple translators when available to select dialects to list matches if there are several translation tools so users can pick one or more Also in addition to HTML PDF and SWF Flash file formats are supported for webpage translations Another useful tool that is part of the Fagan Finder translation wizard is the language identification interface Here users can enter either text or a uri and Fagan Finder will query a set of language identification tools to try to determine the language and encoding of the text However keep in mind that it often easy to determine the language encoding of a webpage either by looking at the Page Info in Mozilla only look at charset or Page Source in both Mozilla and Internet Explorer Look for charset which will indicate a specific character set which you can then use to identify the language For example Windows-1256 ISO 8859-6 ISO 8859-1 all are Arabic language encodings However you cannot always find this information using Page Source Info and for individual words or phrases Fagan Finder's language identification interface is especially valuable My tests of the language identification tool indicate it usually does a good job of identifying either the language alone or the language and the encoding Fagan Finder's language identification is not a single tool but a single interface to many language identification tools Users have the option to choose among 10 language identification tools Given the complexity and difficulty of language identification it's probably a good idea to compare the results of several different tools and not rely on one 294 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFI€lAb l ISE eNbY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfiFOft 6FFl61AL blS O lbY For each supported language Fagan Finder also provides a separate page with useful information about the language translations and links to other related sites Fagan Finder does offer a complete list of supported languages though there is no link to it from either the Fagan Finder home page or translation wizard page the link is below There is also a separate page listing all the translators invoked by Fagan Finder and a page devoted to the translation wizard's language identification tool Fagan Finder Translation Wizard http www faganfinder com translate Fagan Finder Translation Wizard Languages Page http www faganfinder com translate language php Fagan Finder Translation Wizard List of Translators http www faganfinder com translate tool php Fagan Finder Translation Wizard Language Identification http www faganfinder com translate identify php Google's Arabic - English Webpage and Text http www google com language tools Until recently the only free online Arabic English webpage translation tool was the Tarjim Site for Online Translation using the Sakhr translation software where registration was required Late last week Google introduced Arabic - English text and-more importantly-webpage or uri translations to its language tools page Here's what Google had to say about its new tool Because we want to provide everyone with access to all the world's information including information written in every language one of the exciting projects at Google Research is machine translation Most state-of-the-art commercial machine translation systems in use today have been developed using a rulesbased approach and require a lot of work by linguists to define vocabularies and grammars Several research systems including ours take a different approach we feed the computer with billions of words of text both monolingual text in the target language and aligned text consisting of examples of human translations between the languages We then apply statistical learning techniques to build a translation model We have achieved very good results in research evaluations Now you can see the results for yourself We recently launched an online version of our system for Arabic-English and English-Arabic Try it out Arabic is a very challenging language to translate to and from it requires long-distance reordering of words and has a very rich morphology Our system works better for some types of text e g news than for others e g novels - and you probably UNCLASSIFIEDhT6R 6FFl61 1ltL USE ONLY 295 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlGI lcL JOE et LY should not try to translate poetry but do stay tuned for more exciting developments 108 The big question in everyone's mind is how good is this new tool Take a look at this translation of the main Arabic Wikipedia page first in Arabic •• • • t y l 1 j u j J _ ' l l u '-'- r'Y' W l £1 -' WII t _ J'JI 2003 jY U'_1 J J Lt A ' J Loo L l1 I ' j 4 ili 12 702 - t 'jl ' J ' I£ a - o IJb L 'c' lI 1 oltJ -l ' ill I ll L I ' '''' 0- d - eli L oW j V' ' -oW 1t#· s__ L J' J I ··J J· 2 'J SJ 'l 1 _ ' - A J lyu • • J# 1 · - 1 _1 otl1 IHio I y I' ' I cJ 1d f J J JiJ- 'i 30 200G i 0uJ $' c hY- ' 'lh - v n 1 127 1- a u h D rl J '-lolt '- - ' t t a f ' • ' cl J • J r • L iw l r w i J-- u joooot 4 t· c w R iJ_ If iiu t v e u l j _ - - ' JI l- v-J J i Gt 1 JJ - u z i · IA ·Rd J d · ' 5 _i tr a' ' i- r' '- ' t ' 'll ' ' '' 1 J _ j r_J L -II Li _fl u r 1 J j •• d i then in the English translation provided by Google 108 Franz Och Research Scientist Google Research Blog April 28 2006 http googleresearch blogspol com 2006 04 statistical-machine-translation-live html November 28 2006 296 UNCLASSIFIEDHFeR eFFlCIJlcL USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfiliOft OlililelAL USE OP4LY Main Page The Ell ebc dla -rrultiJinguol projecl in more than one hundred IangtJ ge • Guin t ACC'J - ta inte9 atM diversified open impaJ1ial and free of a'I ell can contrlouteto the editor launched the ArabO vetson in Jolr 200 'Tlwe ll 'e now 12 698 Essay April 30 It thi$ first sfte isot mialed by reading pages lIe eemer s lto n 'w and fOllnd en page 20011 Pel € lte l 1 Slion$ €In ll rd hal they w nt pages look As$i$U'l e Pease go to Fjeld Tt' 8 EI eb di oener aI debtlle A Sf N1 11 DAH I TtW1WLOO f 'r 14' 'C r'_'U w- r U ' fiJL' 81 w c first sprin l i4 dl1 EH21 J 'a i A- il al 1 I CUltl RE I GE 6RN'H C-'LH I DAI I LJrE I MATHEMATICAl SCI NCEI8 tlE1' lb ·lj qh ttrc gitt $· R ' I VjM SS' ' ' i1' luJJe a1 ' dr A'J l tt» Ehf' fed 1$ IJtfJC· UU1 u 1 Culture The Arts Natural sciences The Mathematica Litoel -3ture Ci iii ation chart ' Ali'le Neurological sc ences ' Orbit· Physics ChemIst ' Enginoering Clrr 'rn3 Am3r ' Langu-ag€ls SIC8f e i dl up M J li Ufe Aod tin' community t' 1-4 -6 Fijurl lId elrinks • Ec mUL ' Gan e S ' ltnt v ' J lrn Jls Sport Tourism PO CV Pre Healtn aw ' Plant Social sciences And humane u te Wars A cJ-'laeology sonoloev 6l1thro 01ogv ' Psycholugy PJlitic a1 Sc encp Philosophy· Llnglllst Battles rrari5fer Google's Arabic language tool is based on the company's own research and development and is not a product of Systran Is it perfect Hardly and no one would expect it to be But is it a whole lot better than nothing Absolutely I have always found machine translation tools to be most useful in translating between two very different languages for example between English and languages such as Arabic that do not use the Latin alphabet Interestingly this tool will probably not be met with enthusiasm in some Arabic speaking countries For example the UAE bans online translation tools which creates an enormous barrier for non-English speaking Arabs because so little of the web is in Arabic l' However all in all this is extremely welcome news Babelplex Bilingual Search http www babelplex com Babelplex is a bilingual search service that searches the web in one language and in another language via a cross-language information retrieval system Babelplex is the brainchild of HK Tang As with many creations Babelplex is the product both of Tang's frustration and his need for something that didn't exist The frustration is 109 United Press International The Web Arabic Language Internet 29 March 2006 http www physorg com news62862307 html 14 November 2006 110 About Babelplex http www babelplex com about html 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 297 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY one many of us have experienced searching in non-Latin character sets when the keyboard is not configured for those languages The need was driven by the fact that Tang and his family are bilingual meaning they often want to search in more than just English Tang also observed that if you simply search down to the simplest equation there are two sides Output which Google has solidl nailed down and input which is very 'relevant when searching in foreign text 1 The input side is harder because computers are initially designed for the user to input text in one language and anything else requires the user to make changes Babelplex does the work for you by using AltaVista's Babelfish Translation Google Translate or Yahoo Language Search tools and the AltaVista Google or Yahoo search tools to run parallel queries in two languages Take a look at the Babelplex homepage and you'll get the idea Babelplex ChOOSli a search engine TO B lh ell lel AliN sla l ioog le'· Google ljJ tlr 1 IIJ ' Goosle ' l g I'B 'r · Gooqle H t - l · Gooale E'w C o-oqle Demsr h · 8 00111e ' pand · ooale f @ Kais - Goo ql E ArWIK i - § Q2gie Italiaf1 Q ·- Go qle Neoerlands ·Gooale Po rtuo ues· GOQole Ha pv r cKQ - Y an o Q What you don't see above is the list of to and from language pairs 111 John Battelle Babelplex Search in Two Languages John Battelle 's Searchblog 26 November 2004 http battellemedia com archives 001065 php 14 November 2006 298 UNCLASSIFIEO fOR OFFICIAL USE ot LY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDtlFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ONLY Babelplex g iJI §J Q 9 Y9 S Qg - 9r 9 English nenslefion 01your Arabic keywords 1 ' rn 12 ' l 'dr B8ijlnq 2008 Ii ' l ' - su l i lHH rn EnglishlrensI8Iion 01your Chinese keywords English translation of your French keywords keywords i English trensleticn of your Germen Argentina Australis - Choose a Go gle domain to lise fol Engl sh trenslal on of your helien keywords 8rasi Canada- Chile - Co rnbi ClJ a D t utschlanrJ g y eB ke rdS Zealand- PElTU - PurluY 'lI PuellCi RI Q· 0chV1BI l - Singapore· Soulh -4J JI cr J A - - wy_JI _ d 1 _ _ s r tgU t t_ 1jgI 9J'y9 PEipj 9 g @2006 En lish nensrenon Of our portugues eywords - - '- - - iFrenchtrEl nslollonofyourEnghshkeywords B belplex· Jt l oo9Ie A IAA Bilingual urchl'br r ' ' TI g-nq r ' GPt - -I ' k G rmf l tr e 0s i Il 0-'- YO nE nc h 1 - eY' Y'orqs Italian translation of your English keywords English keywords i Japanese translation of your 'Korean translation ofyour Englishkeywords Portuguese translation of your English keywords S anish trensleucn of ur En fish ke ords How do you use Babelplex Enter a query in the SEARCH box in the language of your choice from the language pairs supported then select a language to translate to from Babelplex now uses only Google to search Here is a simple example of a search from English to Arabic UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE Or4LY 299 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOh'r-eR er-F10IAL USE ONLY Coogle Web Web IfTtcHleS VtdeO Google IpOlicy todey Web Resulls 1 10 of about 531 000 000for 0 28 seconds Search Results' 10 of about 1 370 000lorO 16 '- seconds JJJ _ _ _ 7 _ o - _ ·1 Ti ' t' LU f - l t _1 PolicyTodaY JjQm 1 t rll 6 12 lSy5JI ' l o lP - JJ »rD ••• lJ Ncorn r nr200 i2 12 3ld20D3 212 340G htrnl- l'2k - Policy Today - A twice-monthly digital magazine spanning topics in politics economics law and snciety Policy To day's editorial brief vvv f1 I I lcyto 11 1V Lu y f - 23k _ L t • 5 lc _l- _ f Policy Today - COmm l 1 'IF J w aus'J J u A1 tiJo 'J rJJJ 1 f- 7 - 1 2 1 J ili jl 'LY 9 I ' '- 01 Jo ' ' 0I o u II J- asharqalawset com leader ·i p- -·s8 lIur 38 ar 1GI8 39'l £' I s iSosue 02· 1 0UlJ- We are pleased thai our redistricting reform efforts in California are featured in a new digil31 publication called Policy ToddY that debuted thiS week wi h ··' f·N·N_t vr rnonr U orght hs llc mgJpf Jjryt i1 lY - 17k Q - 0 f JL g_ _ J l Fiscal Policy Today I JI _ l Ll t' I l 1 Overview Fiscal Policy Tod 1Y and by he 1960s the view that the government could use fiscal policy to fine tune the economy was widespread V'·VN ' c rr econ FiscaIOe ldiOve''1'8v l ln w 1 html r Dyr l 57 j - l '11 ' I ' 'I 4k·· q r n I iA ' l- Jf n- I - _ 0 E r 1 S jll s Jl D L J jYJl o '1II 1 A1' •••• ' If' V- 1f i 9 eg r 'Egyp 'Jnlir - i P0Iit C$ JS U l II J JOCDODOC UI 'Ur A2 4 htm - li 'a· r f r - r r- l ' - ir l1li j n 't f iL fm'·il v ' is ij J' ' 1 1 b I lYlJ - T i t J r I i gt lw '-u r or fi ll o tij J ••• D 4JI u 19 J Y 1 •• ' N' 'N_ ern'gi etten qcv E'g A iNev1S Dr -p jvt'Jews Isp C ld'·· 8 I'J - ld Q 41k I l EI- Events We got a 6 1 percent average GDP growth per year but I think that when we look at a more assertive Russian Foreign Policy today we should not confuse N J · 2G 2006 - It § I l· m- x l -i olfj 3v -nl ill ter l 1 e·· '8ntlD I'ID8 transcnpl asp 162 · ii lIJI l t wl l o lLJI 4 i - I I - l LJJ ' V ' i Amazon com Japanese Foreign Policy Today Books Takashi Inoguchi Purnendra Jain by Takashi lnoquchiPumendra Jain '11' jrr1d ufl urn 'J rJ jnese-r - ore or-Polley I ilki1s hi-IIlCYlJchi dp 'DJ1 -22707811Dh - · - t c l - ' D r i i J ' - Ir d • 'f I Tr '1· 1 1hi ' J -J-Y f'I l ••• 2005 I c 6-1» -ioi l •• eg rJEgyptOnlltl6 PQlili s DCO J5 02DiOOGOOOOOOOCClQ J 12 13 hltn AmaZ0I1 C0m Japan'Jsa FOI'8Iqn Policy Today B00ks Tal aslll In09u I 1I · ' W L-JI i J i 11 ••• ·' tN·N tJIlUl Lt L 1 1 pJ-W -c uJ J t l i e2 wj- I T r 1 J LU L11 t jI ' ' L i - 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A twice-monthly digital magazine spanning topics in politics economics law and snciety Policy Today's editorial brief W-N'N l clicyll lay c lrn · 23k g J t1 r J ri I Rr Fiscal Policy Today _cJJ l k lru LJ l -I i r 2l -l Ei' J J-- - b JI 1 co llP I '-' p '·N N' ' - I sl'S g v_'1 J J r 'E9yrIOnitn -1 sID00003tlJ20 1OOOCifji J J0000002 6 htm 4k P' ltIC Overview Fiscal Policy Today and by the 1960s the view that the govsrnment could use fiscal policy to fine tuns the economy was widespread WN Ji J 1 IHl l1nf l' f nl e c JrljFii C IDl lrjiOvi l 1 8W14n v l h rn - 7 - _ r l ·' i - ti'_ iJ_ 2 Amazon com Japanes'JForeian Policy Today Books TaJ 8shi J _v£' c - - _ _ L r H 1 r-t--L1 -I -l u 1 I p o yL JI - ' I r$J- - I Ip • ' v ' - Amazon com Japanese Foreign Policy Today Books Takashi Inoguchl Purnendra Jain by Takashi Inoguchi Purnendra Jain amazon com Jap anes6--F oreicn-Policy- Taka h ·lr l g J 'I1J rjr 'tJ lj Z I 8 anugtat un gf lv F j f ' ilf·J81 ls Di playt f '-' S' 3sfJ-i ·C IIJ 8 N -yvs d O - 11kNo 6 iCf - _ j i' Q i _ J'_ s1 i - v V ' L'W 1J r f 'GJ C r· liJ ' EI E' ents r cJ rY-J 0 c Lu -I Tr · ' i rE B d£ 1 ill t 'W l4I ul l l UrJ4- '-i C' '- i 6J o i _ - l _t--L 'l •• ' i rsfamcnlme r etf D rablcls i lfI h_COlrtE-r F al lM oplc _21 20C5tlJ81D2 shtrnl - SAk - 1 _0 · S lfli r 1 qt_ L -_ - I Y J I ut i ulfl r l l o w lil u L- ' ffl'N 101 riCLf - r T j' 22 We got a 6 1 percent average GOP qrowth per year but I think that when we look at a more assertive Russian Foreign Policy today we should not confuse '1Y 'V lE'I or iS'Y·E'nlsi rltt r all evetl D 1408ilran ' rlpl asp - 16 1 ff 5 D J J t 'ir ' I fti ' r rl 'u l 1 iph Clrr pc htI1 s· 9Bk - t-tev26 20013 - C_ i _ l 1 E ' i L 300 UNCLASSIFIEONr-eR er-nCIAL USE eNL'f DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL tJ3E OI LY Not bad However the quality of results varies greatly in part depending upon the complexity of queries and in part on how good the translation software works Anyone who has used machine translation tools knows they are limited Here are some tips that might help make your Babelplex queries more successful Keep it simple the query syllogism worked very well going from English to most languages but windows operating system stumped most of the translation services in pretty much every language Avoid proper names proper names probably will not translate a search for quicken finds ace ere in Spanish a search for bill gates from English to simplified Chinese and back to English produced interesting but unhelpful results Syntax matters you will get different results for the translation to Spanish of the English query spanish military versus military spanish Use synonyms judiciously while it might seem intuitively obvious that using synonyms or related terms might produce better results it may in fact confuse matters If you are searching for information about cows cow produces better results than cow cattle bovine steer Also remember that the default operator for all these search engines is AND so they will only return webpages containing all the search terms Babelplex has nice user features for viewing results The split screen shows both the original query and the query translated into a second language The left frame displays the results of the original query and the right frame shows the results in the language chosen for translation If no translation of a query is possible you will see the translation tool's webpage and will have the option to try the translation and subsequent search from that page Babelplex enters the pantheon of search engine augmentation sites-including FindForward Soople FaganFinder's Ultimate Google Interface-as a welcome and useful addition Finding Online Dictionaries Foreignword http www foreignword comlTools dictsrch htm Language Automation's Glossaries http www rahul netllai glossaries html Martindale's Language and Translation Center http www martindalecenter com Language html Paderborn University List of Dictionaries http www-math uni-paderborn de dictionaries Dictionaries html UNCLASSIFIEDlIFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY 301 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHt-6ft 6t-t-leIAL USE 6NLY Word2Word http www word2word com dictionary html yourDictionary http www yourdictionary com Online Multilingual Dictionaries Digital Dictionaries of South Asia Eurodicautom http dsal uchicago edu dictionaries http europa eu int eurodicautom Controller Foreignword http www foreignword comlTools dictsrch htm Language to Language Logos http www langtolang com http www logos it lang translen html OneLook Dictionaries http www onelook com Online Dictionary http www online-dictionary biz Enqllshe-French German Spanish Italian Japanese Chinese Russian Papillon Project http www papillon-dictionary org Home po English --tEstonian German French Japanese Vietnamese Korean Malay Chinese FreeDict http www freedict com Travlang's Translating Dictionaries UltraLingua http dictionaries travlang com http www ultralingua net Enqlish-vGerman French Spanish Italian Portuguese Esperanto Latin Word Reference http www wordreference com Online Text Translators AjaxTrans http ajax parish ath cx translator Babelfish from Yahoo http babelfish yahoo com FreeTranslation http www FreeTranslation com Foreignword http foreignword comlTools transnow htm InterTran http www tranexp com win itserver htm Mezzofanti Translations PhraseBase http www mezzofanti org translation http www phrasebase com translations index php action language PopJisyo Asian languages http www online-dictionary biz PROMT http www translate ru eng text asp Reverso http www reverso net text translation asp 302 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OrnelAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDliFOlit OlililelAL liSE ONLY VoyCabulary http www voycabulary com WorldLingo http www worldlingo com productsservices worldlingotranslator html yourDictionary http www yourdictionarv com diction1 html

translate Online Web Page Translators Ajeeb Arabic - http tarjim ajeeb com ajeeb default asp lang 1 English Babelfish from Yahoo http babelfish yahoo com InterTran http www tranexp com win itserver htm PROMT http www translate ru eng srvu rl asp Reverso http www reverso net url translation asp Systran http www systransoft com VoyCabulary http www voycabulary com WorldLingo http www worldlingo com en websites urltranslator html Other Language Sites Tools Computing with Accents Symbols Foreign Scripts http tlt its psu edu suggestions international index html Detailed instructions from Penn State University for working on computers and the Internet in non-English characters and encodings Requires free registration Site offers virtual keyboard or special characters for non-English translations UNCLA551FIEDhTOR OFFIGIAL l ISE ot LY 303 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFeR eFFlelAt tlSE eNt'f You Gatta Know When to Fold 'Em A last thought before bringing this section to a close With the plethora of information available today via the Internet and the fact that more data is added every day it is easy to fall prey to the erroneous belief that if we just know where to look on the web the information we seek-all the information we seek-is out there somewhere The danger is that this misguided idea will give rise to the neverending search that is the conviction that if I just go to one more website run one more query or search one more database I'll find what I'm looking for Sometimes the information you need simply is not to be found on the Internet and no amount of searching no amount of creativity or ingenuity can make it appear I have the sneaking suspicion that most Internet researchers have fallen victim to the never-ending search on occasion because it is so tempting to believe that the answer is there somewhere only a few more clicks away If the data is not available you are not going to find it no matter how clever or persistent you are so try to keep this last in mind when you feel yourself becoming obsessed with a particular research topic Rule Seven Know when to stop searching The problem with the Internet is that it is open-ended Think of it in these terms Let's say your job is to go into a large room piled high with papers and determine if a particular document is in that room If you are careful and methodical you will eventually find the document or be able to say with confidence that the document is not in the room Not so with the Internet You can never be sure something is not out there because there are always more possible places the information could be located than you can search and examine While the number of documents on the Internet may not in fact be infinite in practical terms the Internet is limitless So give yourself a break if you can't find everything you're looking for 304 UNCLASSIFIEDA'FOR OFFISIAL l JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY The Rules of the Road 1 Use the right tool for the job 2 Let other people do as much work for you as possible 3 Develop maintain and backup bookmarks 4 Use more than one search engine 5 Read the instructions 6 Use the specialized and or unique functions of foreign search engines 7 Know when to stop searching UNCLASSIFIED fiO OFFl61AL USE ONLY 305 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJFOR OFFlCI lcL ISE ot4L't Beyond Search Engines-Specialized Research Tools Search engines are a good and natural starting place for performing research on the Internet but they represent only a small portion of the data available on the web and only one way of tapping into that data It is also important to understand that search engine spiders do not access and therefore search engines do not index most data contained in many databases or websites that require registration or payment to enter For example search engines do not normally index the data in PeopleData com a database or any information beyond the first page or so of the Chicago Tribune which requires registration These types of sites require users to access them directly The information at these sites is part of the invisible hidden or deep web The types of sites and information that are not generally accessible to search engines include information in databases phone and email directories Whois registration DNS data dictionaries encyclopedia articles statistics legal and medical data financial information rapidly changing information news airline flight information stock bond currency market data auctions for-fee and subscription services information behind a firewall corporate government educational To give you a better idea just how vast the deep web is consider these points from The Deep Web Surfacing Hidden Value 112 by Michael K Bergman Michael K Bergman The Deep Web Surfacing Hidden Value BrightPlanet August 2001 http www brightplanet com techno logy deepwe b asp 14 November 2006 112 306 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlCI lcL ISE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61AL l JSE ONLY Public information on the deep web is at least 400 to 550 times larger than the commonly defined World Wide Web The deep web contains 7 500 terabytes of information compared to nineteen terabytes of information in the surface web The deep web contains nearly 550 billion individual documents compared to the one billion of the surface web More than 200 000 deep websites presently exist Sixty of the largest deep-websites collectively contain about 750 terabytes of information-sufficient by themselves to exceed the size of the surface web forty times Therefore it is vital to maintain a good set of bookmarks for a wide variety of research tools beyond search engines Specialized search tools-database finders email lookup tools and online telephone and fax directories-are good first additions to a robust set of research tools If you don't want to be found never post to Usenet newsgroups Once you do expect to be spammed and to appear in directories such as email lookup databases Your only real solution at this point is to get a new Internet account UNCLASSIFIEDiiFO OFFlelAL l ISE eNLY 307 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJ QRQ IGIAb YGi QNbY Email Lookups Email lookup tools vary widely in quality and the features they offer Most quite frankly are not very good because their sources of data are poor Most email lookup tools gather their information from two sources 1 trolling Usenet news postings and 2 users who add themselves to the listing Also don't expect to get a lot of information about someone even if you do manage to match a name and an email address The most you usually get is a full name a complete email address and maybe an affiliation This does not mean all email lookup tools are useless Sometimes it is a coup just to match an email address with a name Email lookup tools sometimes offer some type of domain or reverse lookup Infospace permits reverse email 100kupsintheformat @eunet yu This option is not under email search but under reverse lookups at http www infospace com home white-pages reverse-email Furthermore Infospace lets users enter partial addresses and will return all listings starting with those characters e g @eunet InfoSp_a_c_e_· 3 _ ·r5' The cDS 'to In _ bU3il12SS0S 2nd n - 'A Looking for the InfuSpace COf'POrate web site ti rnfo$pa C rporate REVERSE LOOKUP tf - l_r'f SPlice' Mob la Phone Number Lookup Acldre 5 Lookup tt' S arch 8ePjf dory Al ea ode lookup lIP Code lookup lnte 'natiof'ial Dialing rod£ 5 lookup Email Lookup Match an email address to a name l@eune 0 search by phone -ti-totld thfO'j tol itot Access your Past Searches Fast Use Lookup Histo O to find your most recent h il 1 113 In fact Wired raised quite a few eyebrows with its article on Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein's public email account that was provided at the Iraqi President's website Brian McWilliams Dear Saddam How Can I Help Wired 28 October 2002 http www wired com news conflictlO 2100 55967 OO html 14 November 2006 308 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl6IAL l JSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUFOR OFFlelj8cL USE ONLY Infospace http infospace com Infospace Email Lookup http www infospace com home white-pages email-search Infospace Reverse Email Lookup http www infospace com home wh ite-pages reverse-emai I Look4U claims to maintain a database of over 2 million Chinese names and email addresses not only from Taiwan and Hong Kong but also from China Malaysia Singapore the US and many more countries The real advantage of Look4U is that it is designed to be searched in either GB or Big5 Chinese encoding but also permits the use of pinyin pronunciation of the name LOOK4U is the largest Chinese people finder in the world Search over 2 million Chinese names and e-mail addresses FIND A PERSON English Name or Nickname • • • • • • • Search Add Me Login Language F A O Link to us About us e g Joseph Ng un llAei-yu Mchae Chimg etc Ishun4 zi3 W Search using pinyin Q ili Location M trE' 1 iD md SEARCH I Everywhere Australia Canada HongKong Macau Malaysia Philippines Singapore Taiwan USA Pleasl lead OIJ copyriGht jn1otmation and u£age agreement Look4U http www look4u com english UNCLASSIFIED WOR OFFlClj8cL USE ONLY 309 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFlelJlcL USE OP4LY Finding Email Directories Email-Directory com http www email-directory com Nedsite http www nedsite nl search people htm

email International Email Lookup Tools Addresses com http www allemailaddresses com Infospace Email Lookup http www infospace com home white-pages email-search Infospace Reverse Email Lookup http www infospace com home white-pages reverse-email Look4U http www look4u com english MESA MetaEmailSearchAgent http mesa rrzn uni-hannover de Peoplesearch Reverse Email Search http peoplesearch neUpeoplesearch peoplesearch reverse email address html World Email Directory http www worldemail com freemail htm Mega MetaDirectories If these email look-up sites aren't sufficient or you would just like to see what other email search tools are available the following websites either link to many email lookup web pages megadirectories or actually run parallel email searches from their site metadirectories These are also the fastest and easiest way to see if a region or country has an email search tool specific to it Some do but I have not had a great deal of luck finding useful information using these email lookups However as the Internet expands expect these services to improve Email Megadirectories Freeality Email Lookup Infospace International Directories MESA MetaEmaiiSearchAgent Nedsite http www freea ity com finde1 htm http www infospace com intllint html http mesa rrzn uni-hannover del http www nedsite nl search people htm

email Peoplesearch http peoplesearch neUpeoplesearch peoplesearch reverse email address html Infobel's Email Addresses http www infobel com teldir teldir asp page eng more email 310 UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOR OP'l-leiAL l ISE ONLY OOClO 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDUFOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY Telephone and FAX Directories Most of the email lookup tools above also have a telephone lookup service as well so I am not going to discuss these sites again Be aware however that no single source has every directory listed and that new directories come on line all the time Also many telephone directories are limited to or strongly emphasize North American telephone and fax numbers Your best bet by far for international phone and fax numbers are country-specific directories Unlike the very limited international email directories some international telephone and fax directories are outstanding There are two basic types of telephone directory sites the first are specific telephone lookup sites where you can go and look up a number or name The second are metasites sites with many links to telephone directories on the web These will help you find an online directory in a specific region country or city Infobel the website of the Kapitol directory publishing company is the best single source for online directories at present It provides many types of directories for a number of countries including Belgium France Luxembourg Spain Italy Denmark the Netherlands UK and more In some cases for example Belgium there is even a GSM directory Infobel allows users to pick any country see which directories are available white pages yellow pages GSM fax and go directly to that directory As of January 2003 Infobel and Telephone Directories on the Web Teldir merged providing one huge interface to hundreds of links to white pages yellow pages fax listings email addresses and business directories by world regions Teldir does not provide a search interface but is instead a directory of links to online directories for most of the countries that have them UNCLASSIFIEDiiI 'O OI 'I 'ICIAL tJSE ONL' 311 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlfl 'e eFFlOIAL l ISE ONbY El MesslllJe Alert I have a job for you D About us D Contact us D Home Page In fobelBl _ _ oJ English I Sele ct oJ co u ntry Int ern ational dialing Code s I - Information and s er vlce s for more t ha n 18 4 cou ntr ies I North America lie Ca r ib b e a n I Find Anyone GJ Find anyo ne anywh er e in th e world 0- Oth ers I Co u n t ry t 1 ' Europe Uni ted St ate s Cana da ' Mex ico Jam aica mor e In The United i illm Un ited Ki n g d o m Fra n ce Germ a n ' ' Neth e rl and s ' 'r Ii I m e rQ South 8 Ce nt r a l America Ii Asia lie Middle East I Arg e nt ina Bra z il Co lo m b ia m o re Ind ia Ch in Is ra e l mOr e So uth Afr ica Au stralia Jv crv C oa st New Z e a l a n d Afr ica ' i j l Se n ega l mo re Infobel's Telephone Directories on the Web Ind onesia m o re http www infobel com teldir Phonebook of the World has emerged as one of the most comprehensive telephone directory sites Click on the world map for your country of interest and Phonebook will tell you if there are white and or yellow pages for that country online then link you directly to the pages Many online directories are naturally only in the native language For example each Brazilian state has an online directory and all are in Portuguese Phonebook of the World http www phone bookoftheworld com Infospace International Directories is another good metaguide to international online phone directories Selecting a specific country will show the types of online resources available-white pages yellow pages email directories-and in a few cases permit searches from the Infospace website However most of the phone directories are accessible only as links directly to their own webpages Infospace International Directories http www infospace com intl int html International White and Yellow Pages run by a Norwegian company is another good starting place for finding online yellow pages white pages and fax directories 312 UNCLASSIFIEOHrOR OFFICIAL l JSE Otlb¥ DOClD 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlel L USE er4L' The site lists countries alphabetically by continent indicating the types of online directories-wh ite yellow fax-available for each International White Yellow Pages http www wayp com Remember that city directories often produce better results than country directories even though most phone directory lists lean towards country directories Also keep in mind that it is important to search in the target language Here is the Moscow City Telephone Directory which has a very good search tool ' t ' KSJano l '-I one O ll 8pT r - - - - ' Y N fitiJi j tB b ' - - l t'-t ¥

Jfr _i1 S - t' Ji 0 - 1'l --'r - Pac uH1peHK M •' cneU 13niiCT J Y·'I nOHa T n' i fjHHbl 1 cnp 'iBU1Hm ldOC KB A' rAe KYnflTb C n p a 8 0YH K MOCKBA online n O ICK opraHK3aumi 8 MOCKse CTO MOC Tb e PeKfla Ma8 cnDa80YH Ke Cn p a SOYH npownblXneT n O aoopaTb Ii nOM nOD OdpaT U Pyf p lu a n o nOdp aTb r enerpu» pa ve - 0' I ' 7 - Ii I E-mail C3HT Ha TH » I I-1cTOp YeCK OYepK Users can search by type of business street name and or number telephone number email address or even web address But searching in Russian is a precondition of using the search tool to the fullest UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlCI L USE eNLY 313 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTeR efWfWlelAL tJS eNLY e rAe Kyn 'b n nOl a3llHbl nepasre YTO'lHI1Te YCfl 8ItA nOUCKO RII MBlER-HEABII1KlIMOCTb IIHTel'HeT-' I II'H n MOCKBA online nm1cK opraH '3a411r MOCKS8 e CTOHMOCTb e PeKJ1aMa 8 119334 AOHeKo Te o 9555524 B 5- np 21G OMH 19 E·rnail info@orsn ru Ca 'h VI'WN orsn tu 1 Hf 'PH 'J Cnpa80 lH Ke n p H U j I l' ttf- '-'_i l lH A6C-HE BI1IKI1MOCTb 000 127055 CYl l1eBeKa TB ' 5140461 e CnpaSO HHKH npow nblX neT e 50 KOlolnaHl-lft Cnpa801 lH K s« 8-12 crposu 1 oq C 426 E-mail info@abelealtyru VlCTopw· jeCKHH Ca n v 'w'N abcreall'1 nJ J ' 'il'I 11 h p' n l - o'nn np l i 'w l- i H n nl l UhIW jAl ArEHTCTBO I1HBECTIIUI1H B HE BI1IKI1MOCTb 000 J C CTe a '115446 AKa QeMHKa M n OHI l1HKOBa yn 35 K 4 Te n 1125516 1150512 pat-rera T8P 1 ' 1 P 'lP T' 'Pl-1o P l Ha YO TaHO -K ' 101 n' Jl1 3 0F Hwe T- neq 'HoM I lH H l'jmU0 l dm ·Jl ltHl ArEHTCTBO nEHATbl - HE BI1IKIIMOCTb 000 115533 HaraTI1HCKa yn 33 Ten 7557775 tUJYH Hn' 'H· ' lj' H 1 L l un 'l ' l·'H n p' J' 'l- 1 'HH n l'P ' iU fH t· '-''' V j IUHU U ' il Hf H j vnn np l n i H nHWH nnHJ ' l l a ArEHTCTBO nEHAlbl - HE B i1U1MOCTb 000 109316 Bonrcrpaacou npocn 2 TBn 7557775 2317723 l·h t lq 'll i Th qH HAJ l nnn ' 'IF lL rq 1 u ' Wl il nr ·Hu J H AKPYC-HEABI1IKI1MOCTb 000 123308 Mapwam JtiyKosa npocn 1 Ten 7647757 Ca r w w ahrus lu H Itw j l l h EJ VO 1bl ftJf 0i1 Ofl CT lH nn L fq l'n l - h ' UFlj IU n nuut snu Anb ll'II -HE BI1IKI1MOCTb 000 109428 PR3aHe ' npocn 8a Tan 2320840 2324110 'TP iHatTopO ll I - PH 'V 1-1 I i ' - lJ f ' 'l lJl -ITt Ko a crpaHbl I -jjl ·tL1 I I'Ul'l nl ·n l IH UHV H nn l-ll um Moscow City Telephone Network http www mgts ru menu html Tools for International Telephone Lookups AnyWho International http www anywho com international html AOL International Directories http www aol com netfind international html EscapeArtist Telephone Search Engine http www escapeartist com global telephone htm Infobel's Telephone Directories on the Web Infospace International Directories http www infobel com teldir http www infospace com intl int html International White Yellow Pages Nedsite http www nedsite nl search people htm

telephone Phonebook of the World SBN International Yellow Pages 314 http www wayp com http www phonebookoftheworld com http www sbn com international international asp UNCLASSIFIEDHfWeR efWFlCIAL l ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLA55IFIEDf1'FO OFFlelAL use ONLY Many specialty directories also exist The World Telephone Numbering Guide provides information on the world's telephone numbering formats This includes various website links regarding telephone numbering Area code lists text articles news of phone number changes number-finding forms are included as much as feasible Unlike many sources the WTNG includes information about mobile telephone systems This is an exceptionally good and current resource not only for finding telephone numbers but also for garnering details about telephone systems numbering schemes and regulations around the world L b C Nmnher Format Area Code Subscriber Number digits Trunk Prefix 0 3 digits as 2-4 digits vas 5-7 digit a Lnt ec nat acne I Prefix 00 Ana code uuormanen • tei-ir • fran Telecom mobile number changes • DCCL December 2003 - 1 1an1l2004 - mobne changes Iran mobile numbers were changed ill a multi-stage process from December 2003 through March 2004 17-20 Ianuary 2004 - mobile rhanges Changed mobile numbering was introduced in certain areas March 2004 Place Old numbers Lz Lxxxx 12Zxxxx 12Sxxxx Arnol Arnol Arnol Arnol Arnol 98 98 98 98 98 Babol 98 911 ll1xxxx Btlbol Babol Babol 98 911 112xxxx 98 911 113xxxx 98 913 t fxxxxx 98 911 344xxxx 98 913 344xxxx 98 911 18xxxxx 98 913 181xxxx Bam Bam Bandar-e Anzal i Bandar-e Anzali 911 911 911 913 913 Lz Lxxxx 12Zxxxx 011 17-20 January 2004 Permissive parallel operation of former and new numbering was in effect until 20 Nev numbers Comments 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 No change No change No change 911 911 911 911 911 911 911 911 911 913 913 911 911 121xxxx 122xxxx 125xxxx 321xxxx 322xxxx 111xxxx t az xxxx 113x xx 31xxxxx 144xxxx 344x x IB x x 3Blxxxx No change No change No change l11x xx-114xxxx No change No change 181xxxx-183xxxx World Telephone Numbering Guide http www wtng info index html ACR's International Calling Codes website provides country and city codes and adds the ability to list codes numerically International City Codes also offers an excellent database of city calling codes My favorite Internet telephone database is Americom's International Decoder which permits you to look up either calling codes from city names or find out which city anywhere in the world matches a specific dialing code Not only does Americom tell you the country and city codes 114 WTNG Help and Information Page http www wtng info wtng-hlp html- HowTo UNCLA55IFIED FO OFFICIAL use ONLY 315 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ONLY but often provides other useful information even a telecommunications assessment in some cases Americom's International Decoder http decoder americom com Specialty Telephone lookups ACR's International Calling Codes by country http www the-acr com codes cntrycd htm ACR's International Calling Codes listed numerically http www the-acr com codes cntryno htm Americom's International Decoder http decoder americom com International Dialing Codes http kropla com dialcode htm International City Codes http www numberingplans com kropla World Telephone Numbering Guide http www wtng info index html Web Tip Email lookup tools are not the only way to search for email addresses phone fax numbers and street addresses Search engines may actually be better at finding what you're looking for because most of them index entire webpages and whatever data is on that page including email addresses and phone numbers is indexed 316 UNCLASSIFIEDI FOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ONlY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJiFO OpolilelAL liSE ONLY Online Videos and Video Search Online video of all types accelerated greatly over the past year During the first half of 2006 it became apparent that online video video search was going to be one of the year's biggest topics and developments with new video sharing and video search sites gearing up and established companies such as Google MICROSOFT and Yahoo jumping on this particular bandwagon The market share of Internet visits to the 10 leading online video sites has increased by 164 percent in the past three months week ending May 20 2006 versus week ending February 25 2006 according to Hitwise a competitive intelligence cornpany Furthermore some in the old media e g ABC CBS BBC AP and Fox saw this as a wave of the future they wanted to ride and began or expanded their video offerings via the Internet To put the video revolution in perspective Apple Computer Inc sold 12 million video clips at $1 99 each from its popular iTunes Music Store in just a few months and more than 40 million videos were viewed per day at the YouTube website Because we usually need to be able to find and get our hands on video quickly there is a lot of interest in online video and video search As with any new venture or technology there are problems In the case of Internet video the main problems at the moment are Quality-lots and lots of really awful silly stuff Quantity-still only a small number of videos are available compared to webpages images music Format-there is no standard format in which videos are offered some sites require you to download and install their proprietary software while some use MacroMedia Flash QuickTime RealPlayer Windows Media Player or something else 115 Hitwise Data Shows Overall Visits to Video Search Sites Up 164% Hitwise News Release May 24 2006 http www hitwise com press-center hitwiseHS2004 videosearch php November 28 2006 Walter Mossberg and Katherine Boehret Searching the Web for Video Clips The Mossberg Solution The Wall Street Journal http ptech wsj com archive solution-20060301 html November 28 2006 116 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JS QNb¥ 317 OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFtEDNFOR OFFICIAL l l5E ot L What blogs are to traditional news online videos are to television and to a lesser extent movies The spread of broadband connections cheap data storage free or inexpensive video technology have all contributed to this boom In a perverse way al Qaeda in Iraq was an early adapter of Internet video making effective if horrendous use of videos to spread its terror message recruit new members communicate across its terror network and even offer training and support And of course online video has given rise to its own neologisms vlogs weblogs containing video vloggers vlogcasts vlogcasting and vlogcasters as well as vodcasts vidcasts I suppose there are even vlogmasters though that word conjures up images of a character in a Wagnerian opera Given the relative ease with which Internet videos can be produced and spread by anyone anywhere we must take this technology very seriously and learn how to find videos of interest quickly and efficiently Here are the some of the major players in online video and video search excluding companies that are offering solely entertainment-related video uploads and downloads Also most news sites do not make video clips available for very long usually no more than a week before they are archived Once archived the clips may require registration and or payment to view them The two basic types of video on line today are downloadable and streaming video Some of the video sites I discuss below offer downloadable video which may be saved and played later this type of video may have a format that requires a specific type of video player Virtually all the video sites below offer some form of streaming video that is one-way video transmissions over the Internet to a compatible media player These do not require the user to download the video nor can the video be saved for later viewing You've seen this buffering message before I'm sure when requesting video be streamed to your computer I he tl nnn'3 l_on pt Extra pa ckets are buffered in memory In o rder to compensate for th e un predictable delivery over the Internet O' u ldop Encl Cfop41di3 C th ef l angu Co hie From C'omp ut 200 fh_ II-t iJ Filling the DuHel Bu ff erin g 7 0% co rn pt e te me ans 70 % of a rese rved area in marnory is f illed _ When it g e ts to ·10 0 % the s o ftwa r e Wind ows Me d ia Pla yer in th is exa m p le w ill s t a r t p la yi ng th e v ide o 117 117 Streaming video Answers com Computer Desktop Encyclopedia Computer Language Company lnc 2005 http www answers_com topic streaming-video 15 November 2006 318 UNCLASSIFIEDliI-O OI-FlctAL l lSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OrnSI L USE OP4LY What you are witnessing is streaming media While not the smoothest cleanest technology it is cheap the most popular software used for streaming media is free and with broadband connections it is relatively fast if sometimes choppy The major free media players all handle audio and video are the following Windows Media Player-Microsoft's proprietary software that plays many audio video and streaming formats including MP3 WMA CD audio and MIDI MacroMedia Flash Player-a browser plug-in that according to the company is installed on 98% of Internet-enabled desktops worldwide and on a wide range of popular devices The Flash Player displays content created with MacroMedia Flash and plays files with the SWF extension MacroMedia Shockwave Player-The Shockwave Player displays content created with MacroMedia Director and plays files with the DCR extension Because there is so much confusion about these two products MacroMedia created a webpage that compares these two products http www adobe com products director resources inteqration QuickTime-the only one of these free media players not originally developed for the Windows environment QuickTime is an Apple Computers' product capable of handling various formats of digital video audio text animation music and more The QuickTime media player is bundled with Apple computers but free downloads are available for Windows as well ReaIPlayer-ReaINetworks' media player that plays its own proprietary RealAudio and RealVideo as well as other formats including MP3 MPEG-4 and QuickTime It was one of the first media players capable of handling streaming media over the Internet The Major Online Video and Video Search Sites I decided to list these alphabetically because there is no good way to rank them each has some advantages and usually quite a few drawbacks Some things to keep in mind about the current state of video search Most video search sites only search the metadata and or text associated with a video TVEyes is an exception it uses voice recognition technology to index every word spoken in a video but the technology is imperfect Most video 118 Macromedia Flash Player FAQ http www adobe com produGts flashplayer productinfo faq1item-1-1 November 28 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDYFQR QFrISI L USE Ot4LY 319 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNF6R 6FFlOljlcL l ISE mJlY search engines will index the text of television programs with closed captioning Many video search sites only search their own video collection and do not search for videos across the web I will note which sites do this below http search aol com aolcom videohome AOL Video Search AOL Video Search employs the video search engines of not one but two of the companies it owns-Singingfish and Truveo-for its own search site AOL Video Search results include multimedia streams and files Real Media Windows Media QuickTime MP3 and Flash from AOL and the Web sorted by relevance Note that you cannot sort the results by date AOL Video search lets users limit the search to subfields including news television music movies Phrase searching works well There is no way to limit your search by source but if you include a source such as Reuters AOL Video Search picks up on that keyword AOl c · - se arch in ' I esults for ahrnadinejad reuters b 1 O'''lrr IT I Al - virjpr P il' ' ' vi • 1 At H'_ lU 0 $ i I' II' lll ' I 11 Ilk r d'ln l ' l rfF _ j i lr' i il l I Ii ij Atrfll nl l ' udf' n f'n -Ci 'trln'ff hi c rter iJ ned fje n hf nJ 'i a' eif'-' bel Updated 05f1 OJO£ r ·- Ouutioll 1 01 pc1i Toplc New SoU e Remers WVV'N feclncwa corTl ti lev'j iO f It ii ita I '110_ j t' l IIl 'JU Je J nddhe 01 vdL ' 'odd' 1 'FJf llfl' j r'n n i lc n 'n l r NhlG1 ·lho Updated 05f1 OJUS OUI ation 1 20 Topic lews S Uf e Reuters PI ovided i y IX ' £ #$ I U I ddi It ' il L ' 'n IS It·0'J 'I '' 'i r -I1 · I' tv'·d nGWI hllii ' If1 I ' I ki dete'rr ' le in to cx irue meclea' actHt Upd ted OSf1 4JD6 hil 01 161 1 15 1 ' I 'II rr Source Reuter'S 1' - 0 ' - i ' - ' ' f1r he5 320 UNCLASSIFIEDHF6R 6FFIOljlcL l ISE ONLY Ic miiJm j lei DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l ISE ONLY Summary Sources of video data multiple news and entertainment sources from AOL and across the web Media types searched Real Media Windows Media QuickTime MP3 and Flash Videos viewed videos at AOL use AOL Video Player videos from external sites use site's default media player Search options phrase searching advanced search no search by source option Sort options by relevance only Upload video Not directly only via AOL's companies Singingfish or Truveo sse http news bbc co uk Video BBC does not make it easy to find its news videos For example there is no separate BBC News video page Instead to view a BBC video users must go to any News Online page and click the Watch BBC news in video or Latest news in video and audio button at the top of the page This opens a new window where users can select from a list of current videos by news topic headline UK business politics health etc The videos play in the same window using either RealPlayer preferred or Windows Media Player Another option is BBC News 24 constantly updated national and international headlines The best way to find BBC videos is using a third-party site such as Yahoo Video Search which offers a search by source option In May the BBC announced it was opening its news archives but only for users in the UK If you are in the UK You can download nearly 80 news reports covering iconic events of the past 50 years lncludinq the fall of the Berlin Wall crowds ejecting soldiers from Beijing's Tiananmen Square and behind-the-scenes footage of the England team prior to their victory over West Germany in 1966 http www bbc co uk calc news UNCLASSIFIED1 '1 '6 61 '1 'IeiAL t J81 6NL f 321 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL I lSE ONLY Summary Sources of video data SSC news video only Videos viewed Real Media preferred or Windows Media at SSC site Search options no separate video search Sort options by category e g headlines or business news Upload video No http www blinkx tv Blinkx Blinkx certainly has one of the snazziest sites which is not necessarily a good thing because it can be distracting However it is a very good video search tool Slinkx uses voice recognition software to transcr ibe the content of audio and video material whether it is commercial television or personal vlogs Users simply enter search terms in the box on the left of the screen and once the results are returned a slider appears that lets the user determine whether to rank the results by date or relevance or somewhere in between Here is a snapshot on the Slinkx page showing results for ahmadinejad sorted by relevance persona c annals in com up Oil V1 eo elp I r m UN nucl eai chief in II 111 ta lks alr rIllhard Presi ler' l ht 'lhmO l l IJ ' hnartl I'l'J drew sti in g I -'--tT I ' e s incIudilg Russia _ end CI1ina hle - theUS saidthe J UNS uJrty COlK d wtu h COlJd npo rdion l f'1 lltf Olrtet J l1IT H iii • ' 1J l Tllm sday April 132000 11 1 11 'j oins the 1II e1e lI cluh' FI3jing C1tp Information O p SoUfce UN nucJear chief inIranlelks IlII The US h J J 322 • J eMf Lap I _ J _ condffllnedlr6 n lltloolJllcemenl tMllhey h v e UNCLASSIFIEDNI-6R 61-FICIAL USE ONLY tum pog' DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFl6IAL SE m bY One of the best features in Blinkx is that it shows animated thumbnail images of each video In some cases Blinkx plays the full clip in the Blinkx window without users having to go to another website Here is the key for determining the type of video and where it will play The hlink b and camera icon located at the end ofthe result heading indicates that this result's b video is hosted by blinkx tv and can be Viewed em the blinkx tv Direct Play Screen located to the nght ofthe rssult q The eye and camera icon ocated at the end of the result heading indicates that this result's Video can be viewed only from the original sile The blinkx podcast icon located at the end of the resul heading indicates that this lest is a pod cast Blinkx is much better than other video search sites at weeding out videos that have been archived and are thus no longer available at the originating site although sometimes you want to know that a video was once available even if you cannot access it now One other thing you need to know about Blinkx is how to use the channel buttons on the left side of the homepage Here is the news channel users can select all some or none of these channels to search by clicking on the buttons In this case the news channels with the green dots have been selected to be searched Blinkx employs keyword and Boolean search options Blinkx also has a special Self Casting channel for videos uploaded by users Most of these are probably of dubious value but it's worth keeping an eye on them UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICI L tJSE ONLY 323 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL IdS g bY Summary Sources of video data multiple news entertainment radio podcasts from across the web Video viewed videos hosted on Blinkx servers use Direct Player videos from external sites use site's default media player Search options keyword Boolean phrase searching conceptual search option to limit search by source Sort options using slider sort by date relevance or somewhere in between Upload video Yes CBS News Video Search http www cbsnews com sections i video main500251 shtml CBS News has both an excellent video search which appears to pull from the entire archive of CBS News videos For example I searched for hurricane isabel and found the very first CBS News video titled Isabel Starting to Scare September 12 2003 Unfortunately there is no way to force the search to look for a specific date although there is the option to limit the search to specific topics e g US news to a specific CBS News show e g 60 Minutes or to search in the Video Library by topic However there are almost no special search options which makes it hard to find the nuggets in this treasure trove of videos Despite this drawback I believe the CBS News video search and archive is one of the great secret resources on the web It is free to view the full videos which open in the CBS News com window using either RealPlayer or Windows Media Player both free All videos before November 20 2003 play only in Real Summary Sources of video data CBS News video only Video viewed RealPlayer or Windows Media Player Search options keyword searching search by ANY ALL EXACT PHRASE no date limit Sort options sort by relevance or date Upload video No 324 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAL IdS g bY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIi Ofit O leIAt use er4tY http www cnn com video CNN Video Homepage CNN Video Almanac http www cnn com resources video almanac CNN offers only seven days of free access to its vast video archive of news and features After a week users must sign up for CNN Pipeline which requires both payment and downloading and installing a CNN video player Before CNN archives its video you can search browse and view the free videos at the CNN website using Windows Media Player All free videos are preceded by commercial advertisements I find the CNN video set up very frustrating to use If you go to the main CNN Video page http www cnn com video there is no way to limit your search to videos However if you go to the CNN homepage http www cnn com scroll down to the middle of the page to WATCH VIDEO and click on any video the popup window includes a video only search box Enter your search terms and CNN Video will return a list of video matches by date and time You can then resort the results by Section or Most Popular Note in this example that only the first two videos are still free The rest have been archived to CNN Pipeline RESULTS FOR ' 11 1 1 I i 1 ' '_ ' ' l 1 -15 01 206 meQctoo $ I Fill by S lion J SORT BY Hi AUL lhli 751 • B ush-BUl ealtty c heek 2 151 1 n wants to t alk 2 0 1 Ohnen n h u 1 34 - I· · I Olm el1 ll oIl1 onbomI Uu echold SS - I Qlm vn AbbA'S helpless' 1 50 1'i CM ·· i ·• • l llo1n n otben din g o n ln lk e J f S6 f - ' OH ·· · ' l hal UUo uOh t a lo ons 2 32 • - h I Ahmadlneiold _ ina to gvtiat 2 37 y Mf -' - 1-' 6u h h iN 11'48 lItll MooY 3 1 1'5 34 '10 May 26 07 59 pm MlIY 24 0 R1c dd '- - 110 lI m ·l ' QIIIi · ' - h nleOl«lcet o penlo d iltlOfI1M yl 1 52 - I I CIIII Student II 1 1 '0 4 OIll f - ' h ani ln·Amer koVl9 reac t to tetter 1 t lO _ -1 ' - · · In lIe len 1 41 • 011 « ' I Ar at l8'A r1le k an lnll'anf 2 10 - t ' · 1 A hudo-up fOI women' right 1'58 n' ' d Se'f ON - Wo rld Po il e - 0300 PIlo MBY 21 Worllf 02 59 pm MaY 21 'MJ rkl Workl Workf Workl 869 _ - OS 17 rm M oY 23 06 15pm M 16 06 27 pm May 11 03 06 pm M 11 11 29pm M tY 10 1 0 4 2 pm May 09 09 0 7 pm M 09 OS'56 pm Mov 09 11 17 am M 04 12 53 li m May 03 - I I loW r i'OFUl A1l Politi Politics ' - '-' - - - '_ • ' - Worl E aJeatlOCl 'MJrkl World __ 'MJrkl - us tlOW IN H IE _ _ __ -o- - I Updeted 11 0 AM £1 g ' iy t t CNN has one other video feature you need to know about its Video Almanac a collection of the best video since the birth of CNN in 1980 through 1997 Users can select a year or topic e g the video of the failed attempt to rescue the hostages in Iran in April 1980 The Video Almanac provides a very limited number of videos most of which are very high profile events though there are notable exceptions George Burns dies The videos play using QuickTime UNCLASSIFIEDhTefit e leIAt use eNt' 325 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDSSj QR QFFISIAl l ISE mtlY Summary Sources of video data CNN video only Video viewed Windows Media Player version 9 and above Search options search for one or more keywords or exact phrase in double quotes filter by section no date limit Sort options sort by date time section or popularity Upload video No http www c-span org C-SPAN C-SPAN Store http www c-spanstore org shop C-SPAN is the only one of the online video and video search sites that is a non-profit entity In case anyone is unclear who and what C-SPAN is here's what the network says about itself C-SPAN is a private non-profit company created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a public service Our mission is to provide public access to the political process C-SPAN receives no government funding operations are funded by fees paid by cable and satellite affiliates who carry C-SPAN programming http www c-span orq aboutiindex asp code About Until a video is archived it is available for free at the C-SPAN site C-SPAN offers both stored and streaming live media video and audio because there is also a CSPAN radio It is very important to remember that free C-SPAN video searches only index program titles event descriptions and air dates Searches are not based on text within the video files or closed-caption transcripts and do not include video available at the C-SPAN Archive http www c-spanstore org shop where you can buy almost any C-SPAN program Because the C-SPAN search is not based upon text or closed-captioning you may have to work harder to find a specific video Although the C-SPAN site says that most events will remain in the archive for 15 days or less I found many videos going back years that are still available so it appears to be hit or miss as to what is or is not available for free Keep in mind you can find and view many but not all Congressional hearings at C-SPAN The site has an advanced search option that lets users limit a search by date ranges as well as by C-SPAN series and programs The advanced search also offers the option to search by phrase and even a fuzzy word search spelled like or sounds like The C-SPAN video collection includes videos from these and other sources 326 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED fIiO OlililelAL USE ONLY Congressional hearings US Government Executive branch e g 000 State Department press conferences Special commissions Some State and Local videos C-SPAN TV series such as Washington Journal Booknotes etc Summary Sources of video data C-SPAN video and audio only Video viewed Stored clips require RealPlayer streaming media offers a choice between RealPlayer and Windows Media Player Search options search for one or more keywords advanced search offers date program filters and fuzzy keyword search Sort options sort by relevance or date time Upload video No http video google com Google Video Google Video underwent a huge metamorphosis during December 2005 Google Video moved from being primarily a video search engine to being a store front to preview and buy video This time Google's target isn't Microsoft but primarily Apple's iTunes and to a lesser degree cable television companies Google Video is more focused now on selling videos including television shows than on searching current videos However there are many free videos still available on pretty much any subject you can imagine Very importantly Google Video only searches for videos hosted at its own website Google Video has a link to AOL Video on its homepage but the link takes you to the AOL Video website and Google Video does not search on AOL's videos from its site In May 2006 Google Video finally wised up and let users upload their videos directly online without having to install any software and without the previous submission time lag of up to 24 hours Google Inc Tweaks Its Video Service AP report in Forbes com http www forbes com technology ebusiness feeds ap 2006 05 17 ap2751923 html YouTube had always permitted direct video uploads and was basically cleaning Google Video's clock UNCLASSIFIEDh'I·O OJiiP'ICIAL t JSE ONLY 327 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOt'i1 6R 6l nel lcL l JSE ONLY Google indexes the closed captioning and text descriptions of all the videos in its archive to facilitate search Google Video search supports keyword and phrase searches While GoogleVideo does not support search by source it does offer the option of searching by title The correct syntax is title keyword Note that phrase searching does not work with the title syntax Google Video has several options for viewing or limiting results Users can choose to view the results as a list or as a grid the list provides more information while the grid shows a larger image of the video clip There is also an option to limit the results by the length of the video-long 20 minutes medium 4-20 minutes or short up to 4 minutes Results can be sorted relevance date or title Google explains how it ranks videos in terms of popularity We use algorithms to identify videos that are suddenly becoming popular and then rank them based on how popular they are-and how suddenly they became popular We've been using this list internally and now it's ready to share with you so check it out Right now this feature highlights videos from close to 40 countries including Argentina Australia Belgium Brazil Canada Estonia Finland Greece Hong Kong India Israel Japan South Korea Mexico and New Zealand to name a few Jon Steinback Movers Shakers and Hoops on Video Google Blog June 9 2006 http googleblog blogspot com 2006 06 movers-shakers-and-hoops-on-video html The software required to view streaming video at Google Video is Macromedia Flash Player 7 0 To view purchased and downloaded videos users still must install Google's own Google Video Player which has frustrated many users and infuriated others It will be interesting to watch Google Video's evolution as the site tries to move higher in online video popularity closed captioning and text descriptions of all the videos in our archive for relevant results Summary Sources of video data only news entertainment radio podcasts hosted on Google servers Video viewed free streaming media uses Flash Player purchased videos require Google Video Player Search options keyword phrase searching title search no search by source option Sort options sort by relevance date or title view as List or Grid limit results by length of video Upload video Yes 328 UNCLASSIFIEOiiFOFt Ol 'fllCIAL t1SE 6NLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL USE Of4LY IFILM http www ifilm com IFILM is a leading online video network serving user-uploaded and professional content to over ten million viewers monthly IFILM's extensive library includes movie clips music videos short films TV clips video game trailers action sports and its popular 'viral videos' collection IFILM is one of the leading streaming media networks on the internet http www ifilm com abouti Viacom purchased IFILM and made it a part of its MTV Network so most of the commercial videos are from some segment of that network However what distinguishes IFILM is its vast supply of user created and uploaded videos IFILM specializes in viral videos that is videos that gain widespread popularity across the Internet through blogs email IM websites and old-fashioned word of mouth Not all viral videos are humorous One example of a viral video from IFILM was Mercenary Sniper in Iraq described in Defense Review com as an interesting 'Viral Video' clip that puts the viewer inside a helicopter in Iraq urban environment and then puts you right there with a sniper team engaging hostile enemy targets i e insurgents terrorists from a rooftop again inside Iraq http www defensereview com article826 html Summary 0 Sources of video data multiple news entertainment and user-created videos 0 Video viewed QuickTime Windows Media Player Macromedia Flash 0 Search options keyword phrase searching limit search to specific collections such as User Video 0 Sort options no 0 Upload video Yes MSN Video 119 http video msn com Don't bother trying to access this site from any browser other than Internet Explorer 6 Once you get past that extremely annoying requirement MSN Video is not a bad site Users have access to all NBC news sports and entertainment as well as other sources such as the National Geographic Channel and the Discovery Networks MSN Video also partners with IFILM so you can access IFILM videos from this site 119 As of this writing MSN Video has not been renamed Live Video even though there is a video search incorporated into Live Search UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL SE ONLY 329 DOClD 4046925 UNClASSIFIEOIfFOR OFFICIAL USE OP4LY I cannot determine exactly how long videos are kept some videos date back years but most of the news videos appear to be from within the past 30 days What I like best about the site are the many options for handling results Users can choose between thumbnails or details view all results and sort by title source or date Here is a screenshot of the results for the query hurricane katrina in detail view sorted by date hurncane katrina - k il Tii lJ 1I0w WiJm l W IS ll um '1u a J 1I lm9 i ii iJ ttdyt S A ' A MY from II h t l lek to 1 1 AI' L fll t A j j 13 2 106 oj j til 1• I 1 A j·i 1 1 r l ' t ' 1' No plil like it ' MSNf -' om F b iB '15 10' con F b 2 M5NEL corr Feb 26 20D6 Ad to · l ·· st Fet 14 lO Ad til ' 3' ' 5' NoStill qi for home a • St t ength ffOm filmily 1 6 2111 1 O t6 j d j t q 3 j t 3 I d ttin a's iJ lufh t 'rlU' V elil 3 Ka t r iotl l h em e '11 I ' lr ni Deltlruct fo l f·Ii J i ' ieo' -l JZ hl In t '1JC6 AJ 1 t- f ' _ • s t H_ t 3r ¥'1tr n defnoti5hpd r f1i S$ Dr Cl -3$ 3 e n n r' · i n- i ' iflloi j i n' -1 d t tr'7J ·' ' ird t i ·j s dfpu t t 'J is - p Health Aft ecrn at h B • BE'1lS00 cornmnt ed to lOl lisi lOil Fe'y pH Teo u 3 • Horn s ounds o ff FO pc't t eo 3 I lay es' har sh in Nt W Urle dtt JU tJ e de lJ yed 1 1 Hitrd Ilc · K lU' Ad t Oct c i t J 1 3 'sr 200S i p t1S t dlil y 1 • Ju 'lott· 1 J y d n 20QS Ad j to ' y st Aft er the storm J g 'ee u vee 3' 2 '05 M Jf n Z· ' OC€ ' l1 f 1 J1 · 880 t t-j' llot r I i w r1 Ji ' '' • 'Or l'J b r J' - Nlr ht' l t' e' It y ' 1 o c - Ad -j t r ' l 'J J • m'1 ilSY' favo r ' W' Oll uin home il J 1 n Ji'1htj f f' 'S rlay 2- ' 20C' Adj h • Senate probes 'las QOll qfnq 1J lht fev 's B• I'od d 10 dirtlonl l rl 'y·t5t· Ha 2 20C5 Add to 'a' 'st • '1e w tnl ea ns vo ters head to polls 1 5NE t la ' 2 20C6 ' 'c j to -' l · st til e w NI ht 1 t 6l ' l to 19 20C6 j dJ Lo louisiana s cie ntist 00 lessons taught b Ted J ow Orlc Ui5t etecu ou s l· -' j · '$t Summary » Sources of video data selected news entertainment etc from NBC and MSN's partners as well as user-created videos from IFILM » Video viewed Windows Media Player 7 Macromedia Flash 7 site only works in Internet Explorer 6 » Search options keyword phrase searching limit search to specific collections such as News » Sort options by title source or date » Upload video No 330 UNClASSIFIEOIIFOR OFFICIAL US ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFQR QFFICIAb Uili Q lbY Pixsy http pixsy com Pixsy is a metasearch engine for both still images and video that searches a large numbers of video content providers As a meta-aggregator of image and video thumbnails images from RSS providers Pixsy provides a visual search alternative for consumers and a source of free high quality traffic for RSS syndicating image video content providers New RSS providers include YouTube Revver SmugMug RollingStone StumbleUpon Defamer People Magazine Pictopia Metacafe TheOnion Rotten Tomatoes Buzznet CNN NPR PBS and many more Loren Baker Pixsy Adds New Video Search Content from YouTube CNN Defamer Others Searchenginejournal com http www searchenginejournal coml p 3500 The thumbnails are small enough to review quickly but still of good quality and a mouseover of each thumbnail image reveals the title of the video a summary of its contents the date of the video its source and the date and location where it was indexed The only sort options at Pixsy are by category The Pixsy homepage also links to the latest and to featured videos m diMj c ·· ··· ·· · G'Y •••••••••••••• Images 158 Videos 1161 Sort by Category Ad by 2 oooooow 1 0 l ti News wcrld 13 8ill y n lt ' Il P I1 New• • U I Ph Jto l vid h '''nll l Wehlll li l P o d e·s· Z r · DQ'Mlt i np Np tl'iOrk S eCUlB rnanaged cuswmlzed t eelo'er I• l j oJ ic Ji ' j • v 'h Ilan Stands fllln IIINudeat Row·vldeo Pfes deflt MJhm e-u C AJlmAdinej ad V Y Ir ln · vitl p YTi 'Jt' iu U ambiti ons in detian ce et 4f2 Q06 onhneJob s you ·wa' R u -ers Ind e lled 4 2snOO8 2' 00 '01 AM GM t 1 hH' RI O Mod i i L _ ' no - - -_ _ OIV l easy it to us e-Demo c l t i lI l n ' ± 1 1 ' UNCLASSIFIEDh'FO OFFICIAL USE ONL t 331 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED II ORQIRI ICIAL USEi O ILY Summary Sources of video data multiple news entertainment radio podcasts from across the web Video viewed videos play using external site's default media player inside a Frame at Pixsy with option to remove Frame Search options keyword and phrase searching no search by source option no advanced search Sort options searches for both images and videos tab to video only sort option is by category Upload video No Reuters Video http todav reuters com tv I have to mention Reuters because of its importance and reach but the site is frustrating to use because there is no separate video search at the site All you get is a list of available videos sorted by topic news entertainment business etc If you need Reuters' videos I recommend using one of the video search sitesRocketlnfo SingingFish RooTV Blinkx Yahoo Video Search or Pixsy Rocketlnfo http www rocketnews com select the VIDEO tab Rocketlnfo offers some of the most extensive sources for news and video on the web drawing from over 16 000 news sources on a continuous basis The downside is that Rocketlnfo only searches for the past four days at most and users can limit a search to today's videos The search has no advanced features not even phrase searching It looks for all the keywords so be careful not to search on too many terms Rocketlnfo is a metasearch engine that searches many video sources including SBC RedOrbit videos Reuters CBS CNN MSNBC local news etc For current news searches Rocketlnfo has to be ranked as one of the best and most comprehensive Summary Sources of video data news from over 16 000 sources across the web not all or even most of these sources offer video Video viewed all videos play at originating site using that site's default video player Search options keyword search only searches for ALL terms 332 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOJit OFFlelAL tJSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDliFOR OFFlelAL l JSE ONLY Sort options by date or relevance Upload video No RooTV http www rootv com RooTV or Roo is a powerful video search tool but I find it annoying because it automatically plays a video when you visit the homepage and it really doesn't want to stop There is a simple keyword search but no way to limit the search to just news for example The videos play at the RooTV site using Windows Media Player or RealPlayer RooTV requires ActiveX if you are going to use RooTV I recommend opening the site in Internet Explorer you will have to add it to your Trusted Zone so you do not need to install an ActiveX plug-in in Firefox or Netscape something I would discourage Sources include Reuters and AP Supported by advertising Summary Sources of video data news from sources across the web including Reuters and AP Video viewed all videos play at the RooTV site using either Windows Media Player or RealPlayer requires ActiveX Search options keyword search only searches for ALL terms Sort options none Upload video No Searchforvideo http www searchforvideo com home index html Searchforvideo IM Service Searchforvideo Reel Time Lens http www searchforvideo com misc im jsp http www searchforvideo com misc reel jsp Searchforvideo is one of the best video search engines available Searchforvideo searches a vast number of sources including BBC ABC CBS CNN AP via iViliage Reuters via RooTV RedOrbit the Discovery Networks and many others The site also has separate pages by topic-news sports entertainment business technology health and viral-where users can browse the top videos of the day Interestingly even though there is no search by source I found that if you use the name of a source and a keyword that seems to work very well because you are searching on all metadata associated with a video clip For example reuters iran returns only videos from Reuters sources containing the keyword iran UNCLASSIFIEDI1FOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY 333 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDI FOR OFfilelAL tiS ONL f j l searchforvideo Results 1 • 10 o13391nr reuters iran ll ¢ by 'lQmmr qn Wdlr h Vi·lt Hp' o olin ' Huge seleclion011 ho Yldo o i you csn 'I M' on mo F rO frotO MSN lat 1 Vil l' t f-M dl 8usinr 3$ 0 B'lf ne s ldeo E MjiI8u$llle S to C'onslJmer Video E-Maif II v I ' o es Over Iran· video If Iran leader's Enerqy Warnlnq video - 8rO' 'E e ccrcpare e_ee_ a huue select nn 1 Jd In J • I f - i 20L16 Rou1CrS tun l ·t dl Ob TI I f r W lfJ ReU1el'S t v Iran's team arrives in Germany rt 'lihl - T Jf' N w ' l Jtl 4 l'ilffl mml rT l e e2ne I arnlntl 01'07 Report Fli ld E'x rtl · ' ha you ' rani today ' ' f M 1l0'fl I I ' eJ ' 0 -' f w i 03 4 ROUoh Cut • purchase Product F lalch Br f 'sl£' _ • Iran's 'S uprem leader runts of dis repncn to ad sunplies upushad on nuclear UiS1S Vrderr choa Vill' J diW I ' ecoev WorM Vidf ' iH O'JI F' it fJS cJimb ever173 J tJai e' al' Br IHm S id it mlQtlt use Its oi prOduttlon rt _ » ' w I ' E y IL llr n 'f ' I mnm mf of truth' Searchforvideo also offers 1M search that works with AOL Yahoo and MSN There is also a very interesting option to view videos that are being added or watched in real time at the Searchforvideo Real Time Lens page Summary 334 Sources of video data searches wide variety of video sources across the web Video viewed at originating site using that site's default video player except Offers video podcasts that can be downloaded to video podcast software at Searchforvideo Publishers http www searchforvideo com pub Search options keyword searching add source keyword e g bbc to limit by source Sort options sort by relevance or date Upload video No UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL YSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffl Oft Ol l lelAL USE Or4L' Sky News Video http www sky com skvnews video The UK's Sky News billed as Europe's first 24-hour news channel offers a video channel and advanced search to limit queries to videos only Keep in mind that the simple search on the main video page does not restrict your search to videos you must use the advanced search page Here users have the option to limit the search by item type and Video is one of the types Notice you can also limit your search by section and date range r N VatQ Now fi t jJ '' 19'1 to h IO' In the advanced search the only characters recognized are letters numbers and hyphens You can use a hyphen to create a phrase tony-blair Results are listed in date order with the most recent items listed first Each result shows the relevance to your search The videos play using Windows Media Player Summary Sources of video data Sky News video only Video viewed at Sky News site using Windows Media Player Search options keyword searching query terms limited to alphanumerics and hyphens search by section e g news type e g video date range UNCLASSIFIED1iI Oft Ol l lelAL USE ONLY 335 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONLY Sort options None listed by relevance Upload video No http tveyes com TVEyes If you want to search the content of TV and radio news broadcasts I recommend the TVEyes search engine TVEyes captures indexes analyzes archives and distributes in real-time content captured from television and radio broadcasts Currently live content alerts and searchable archives are available from US UK Canada Australia and the AI Jazeera network Coverage is being extended to include France Mexico Guatemala South Africa with these countries on stream by Q4 http www tveyes com coverage index htm TVEyes uses voice recognition technology to create something the company calls its Spoken Word Index TM so that users can search every word in a broadcast The search only seems to work if you use one keyword or a phrase because it interprets more than one word as a phrase It works very well finding the right broadcast unfortunately once you go to the originating site of the news clip you may well discover it is no longer available However TVEyes can help you locate a specific clip especially if you did not know the source You may have to pay for that video but at least you know where to go to get it TVEyes offers thumbnail versions of the clips including some video no longer available at the originating site which play from the TVEyes site Full clips must be viewed at the originating site Summary 336 Sources of video data television and radio broadcasts in US UK Canada Australia AI Jazeera network to be extended in 4th Q 2006 to many other international sources Video viewed thumbnail versions of the clips which play from ·the TVEyes site Full clips must be viewed at the originating site and may no longer be available Search options keyword more than one word is interpreted as a phrase Sort options sort by date or relevance UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL I ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOfflieR eFnel tcL I JSE 8NLY Upload video No but TVEyes can respond immediately to any request to add TV channel or Radio station coverage Yahoo Video Search Yahoo News Video http video yahoo com http news yahoo com video Yahoo video search is one of the most popular on the web and for good reason It draws from many sources across the web and around the world and it has a powerful advanced search Yahoo video search is one of the few that has an explicit site delimiter If for example I only want to search for videos from the BBC on the advanced search page I would select only search in this domain site and enter bbc co uk The syntax for this search with or without keywords is fromsite bbc co uk if you prefer to use the simple search interface The other advanced search options are to limit your search by format size or duration Yahoo video advanced and simple search recognize must include - must exclude and double quotes for a phrase Yahoo video search has another excellent option in the form of channels Channels are collections of videos created by a common source clicking on a channel displays all video results from that source Unfortunately there does not appear to be any central list of all channels The best way to find the channels is to do the following on the Yahoo video homepage click the Categories tab then select News Now you will see the channels listed e g ABC News CBS News CBS ca AP Reuters News etc Selecting a specific channel will show you all the available videos from that channel To save channels to your list of favorites you must be a registered member of Yahoo In late 2006 Yahoo and CBS announced an exclusive video syndication agreement in which local news video from 16 of CBS's owned stations will be made available on Yahoo to the Internet's largest news audience The relationship marks the first video agreement between a network-owned television station group and an Internet news provider 12o Yahoo's video focus has always been on commercial and not homemade video the opposite of the YouTube Google approach even though Yahoo does have a video site that tries to compete with YouTube Yahoo already had deals with CBS's 60 Minutes as well as with ABC Disney and CNN This deal is with local news CBS affiliates While some are criticizing Yahoo's approach to offering video from commercial professional sources it is an approach that continues to work for them When users want to find and view news videos they do not think YouTube they think Yahoo News Video I use it heavily not only because of the number and quality of videos available but also because it is very easy to use 120 Michael Liedtkey Yahoo adds CBS news to video lineup AP San Francisco in Businessweek com 16 October 2006 http www businessweek com aplfinancialnews D8KPGBU01 htm 24 October 2006 UNCLASSIFIEONFeR eFFlelAL t J31 eNL' 337 DOCID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDNFQR QFFIGIAb bI i QNbY the videos open at the Yahoo site and you do not need to register to find and view the videos Summarv Sources of video data searches wide variety of video sources across the web including user-submitted videos Video viewed at originating site using that site's default video player Search options keyword searching must include - must exclude and double quotes for a phrase limit search to specific site fromsite domain search by format size or length of video Sort options None listed by relevance Upload video Yes http www youtube com YouTube If you have heard of only one online video and video search site it's probably YouTube the most popular such site by far garnering almost 43 percent of all visits to video websites in mid-2006 121 YouTube is currently serving 100 million videos per day with more than 65 000 videos being uploaded daily 122 YouTube started as a personal video sharing site and opened to the public in February 2005 While other video sites try to mix commercial and homemade videos individual users create almost everything at YouTube However because of YouTube's phenomenal success some commercial enterprises have latched onto the site's popularity to promote their own products via videos Most notably YouTube now offers official movie trailers and promotion videos from established media companies It came as a surprise to no one when Google bought YouTube in late 2006 when Video replaced Froogle on the Google homepage that was a pretty clear indication of Google's direction But this is a gamble possibly a big gamble Not everyone has forgotten what happened to Napster Mark Cuban chairman of HDNet among other things says in his blog It will be interesting to see what happens next and what happens in the copyright world I still think Google Lawyers will be a busy busy bunch I dont think you can sue Google into oblivion but as others have mentioned if Google gets nailed one single time for copyright violation there are going to be Hitwise Data Shows Overall Visits to Video Search Sites Up 164% Hitwise Competitive Intelligence 24 May 2006 http www hitwise com press-center hitwiseHS2004 videosearch php 24 October 2006 121 122 YouTube Fact Sheet YouTube com http www youtube com tlfact sheet 24 October 2006 338 UNCLA551FIEDfiliOfit OlililelAt tJS O 't' DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFISIAb '''Ii OWLY more shareholder lawsuits than doans has pills to go with the pile on copyright suits that follow 123 However YouTube was in the process of cleaning up its copyright act before the acquisition and Google is certain to ensure that happens Both Google and YouTube have recently made deals with major video partners so Google may dodge most 'of the lawsuits especially if video producers realize there is serious money to be made with this partnership Nonetheless big rich Google makes a much more tempting target for potential litigants than YouTube ever did For now Google says that YouTube will continue to operate independently to preserve its successful brand and passionate community 124 Nonetheless as of the first of this year Google Video began to include results from YouTube For now when users click on the YouTube results they are taken to the YouTube website As of this writing YouTube videos do not appear on the Google video homepage only in search results where they are recognizable from their address With YouTube people can Upload tag and share videos worldwide Browse millions of original videos uploaded by community members Find join and create video groups to connect with people who have similar interests Customize the experience by subscribing to member videos saving favorites and creating playlists Integrate YouTube videos on websites using video embeds or APls Make videos public or private-users can elect to broadcast their videos publicly or share them privately with friends and family upon upload YouTube is building a community that is highly motivated to watch and share videos The service is free for everyone http www youtube com tlabout In May 2006 YouTube launched a new service that allows users to upload videos directly from their mobile phones and PDAs to the YouTube website Clearly two big concerns for a site such as YouTube are copyright infringement and pornography 123 Mark Cuban I Still Think Google is Crazy Blog Maverick The Mark Cuban Weblog 9 October 2006 http www blogmaverick com 2006 1 0 09 i-still-think-gooqle-is-crazy 24 October 2006 Google To Acquire YouTube for $1 65 Billion in Stock Google Press Center 9 October 2006 http www gooqle com intl en press pressrel gooqleyoutube html 14 November 2006 124 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL l ISE Q b¥ 339 OOClO 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEOilFOR OfifilCllIcL l JSE Q JbY both of which they constantly try to avoid in part by employing a community policing policy where users turn in offenders When found copyrighted material and pornography are removed Lest you think every video at YouTube is of the Snakes on a Plane variety there is so much user-created video available that there is at least a little bit of everything as well as a lot of some things Take a look at this snapshot of the News 810gs category which shows the most popular tags in this category and thumbnail images of the most popular videos Video tags created and added to uploaded videos is crucial to the success of any video being found using search which motivates video creators to properly and adequately tag their videos However the tags are solely the discretion of the video's creator i e there is no standard taxonomy News Slogs News 810gs LocalIssues popul r T 9S l i o Silm In News Bl09S t usil r l' tLnBral a rn9 r1C3 c jlV A r l 1 9 I IW IIO hlgre lj lli 2 2 1 1 ra'l it ultrabE t f rJano Il n un hp ul'l i3pbt rl nny ept8mb er 1 811 ly born terror Videos in News 810g5 1-15 of 559 IRAOWAR KUlll s 'lillll st Tlllkish O t51 01 3 - _- _ _ ' I l I e hout$ go ' q b ' II W1 ' 9S' I rating If' HRoHISMP l l t z I ol d 1 d 'Y 190 I' '1 ' Ltk i 'l f l ' 48 TheTruth I J 1 dsy s90 I ' l ttf I I r • ' ' 13 thl Ie ll ll l 1I11ist s 02 49 I j 1 I day ago j teTi q I 'it 1 192 HDllollwt singilu lliliS trY lIW tI J11 05 11 'v I' 1 dayego ' r t1 - t o'v 22 I rfding We cannot afford to ignore sites such as YouTube because this is where users go every day to share and view their own homespun videos It is an important new form of communication via the Internet Summary » Sources of video data only searches for user-submitted videos hosted at its own website » Video viewed at YouTube using MacroMedia Flash 340 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFlCllIcL l JSE Ot4L¥ DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFl61a1cL I JSE OULY Search options keyword searching for tags from uploaded videos double quotes for a phrase will search for a video title Sort options Relevance date added title view count users' rating using star system Upload video Yes Sites requiring registration payment and or software downloads AP Archive The Associated Press video archive is different from the other video search services in several important ways First it only searches the AP archive but that is hardly a small thing With over half a million stories in the archive the AP probably has what you want There is a catch this is not a free service The process for ordering video clips is complicated but if you really need a specific video you should read the AP Archive's How We Work page to learn the particulars http www aparchive com APArchive pages admin howwework html However you do get some very useful data from the site for free Look at the information provided about a May 2006 video entitled Iran Nuclear UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFlelAL tJ5E ONLY 341 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY TIlle Iran Nuclear TillIe NUlllber EF06104 22 DlII lfiou no 01 53 lutime 10 51 09 Date 2006-05-17 SOlllce IRINN SHOTUST 10 Zoom-cut irom banners to wide of rallv 2 Close-up of peopleholding picture ofAhmadinejad 3 SOUND811'E Farsl MahmoudAhmadlnejao Iranian President Theysavthej' wantto live us incenti esl Do youlhinkyou are dealingYI'ith a four vearold child 10 whom youcan givesome walnuts and chocolates and get goldfrom him 4 Cutaway croWd waving and Chanting 5 SOIJND8ITE Farsi MahmoudAhmadinejad Iranian Presideont I teU you matwe 00 not want anytllinobeyondour legitimaterignts We want our rights within me NPT Non Proliferation Trealy andwe willnol accept one iota less 01 moreihan our rlghlS 6 Pan of crowd 7 SOUND8ITE' Farsi MahmoudAhmaClineJad Iranian President Don' force governments and nationsto renounce lhellmembership ofihe Nuclear NooplOliferatlon Treal' B ClOwd chanting and wavingflags 9 SOUNDBITE Farsi MahmoUd Ahmadlnejad Iranian President The Iranian nauon w'on' accept anvsuspension or end to ill' nuclearaclr 'illes 10 MOfBOfcroWd at rally STORYLINE Iran'S PreSident MahmOUd Ahmadlnejadon WedneSday rejected a European plan to offerhis couOlry Incentives including a Ilghl water nuclearreactor in rstum 01 livingup uraruumanrlcnmant Do you thinkyou ale dealing with a rour-vear olclclli o to whom you can give some wainuts and cnocotates and gel gold rrorn him Ahmadlneiad lold thousands Ofpeoplein central Iran in a speech broadcastlive on stale television European nations have weighed up adding a Iigh waler reacicrto a package Of Incenlives meantto persuade Tehran topermanently give up uranium enrichment or face the threat ofUN SecUlity councn sanctions On Tuesday senior diplomats and EU government oflifials said tentative plans were being discussed b France 8fitainand Germany aspart orapossible package tobe presented tosenior representatives oflhemepermanent UN Security Council members Ahmadlnejad also repeated histhreat topull out ofnuclear Non Proliferation Treaty NPl if international pressure togive up uranium enrichment continued Oon fOlce governmenls and nations torenounce their membership ofthe Nuclear Nonproliferation Treatf ' hesaid asserting that Iran had 1 le right toa ciVilian nuclear povver programme 'The Iranian nation won' accept an suspension orend 10 itsuranium enrichment activities A hmadinejad said He also said Iran Dusted the European Union in 2003 and suspended itsnuclear aclivities asa gesture 10 boost negotifllions o¥er its nuclear programme onl tohave Ihe Europeans eventually demand iran permanently hall the programme The 2003 deal called fOI gUfirantees that Iran's nuclear programme wouldn' diverge fforn civilian ends toward producing weapons Iran lgreed tothe raquest but negotiations coHapsed inAugust 2005 When the Europeans said the best guaranlee was for Iran to permanently give up itsuranium enrichment programme Iran responded o ' resuming uranium reprocessing activities at ilsuranium ccnssrslon facility InIsfahan central iran Eartlerthls year rt resumed research and uranium enrichment allerthe International Atomic Energy Agency the UN nuc earwatchdog referred Tehran to 1 leUN Security Council 342 UNCLASSIFIEDhTO OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFeR eFFlell8cL USE m LY As you can see the storyline provides extensive information about this clip and is free at the AP Archive website Users would be hard-pressed to find more or better news video and text than in the AP Video Archive AP Video Archive http www aparchive com CNN Pipeline CNN offers only seven days of free access to its vast video archive of news and features After a week users must sign up for CNN Pipeline which requires both payment and downloading and installing a CNN video player Here is what CNN Pipeline offers CNN Pipeline empowers you to watch up to four live news feeds at once changing feeds at any time with a single click Our free video player only allows you to view one video at a time Additionally while our free video contains commercial advertisements Pipeline offers commercial free access to video content on-demand including free video with multiple features for ease in searching and browsing Our extensive archive not available through the Free Video Player gives you unlimited access to search and browse CNN com's online video library http www cnn com help pipeline

28 CNN Pipeline http www cnn com pipeline index html Vanderbilt Television News Archive If you must have a video of a news broadcast and you are willing to register and pay for it the Vanderbilt Television News Archive is the place to go The Television News Archive collection at Vanderbilt University is the world's most extensive and complete archive of television news The collection holds more than 30 000 individual network evening news broadcasts from the major U S national broadcast networks ABC CBS NBC and CNN and more than 9 000 hours of special newsrelated programming including ABC's Nightline since 1989 The archive makes two kinds of video tape loans to clients duplications and compilations We charge fees for loans to offset the costs in providing this service http tvnews vanderbiILedu Vanderbilt Television News Archive http tvnews vanderbilLedu Conclusion There seems to be no end to the number of sites that provide some sort of online video access whether it is news or homemade videos for-fee sites or free ones archives or live feeds Every time I look I find more sites but I had to decide where to draw the line and when to stop compiling sites If you believe I missed a critically important source please let me know and tell me what features make it special UNCLASSIFIEDt'1FeR eFFlell8cL USE ONLY 343 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOlfFOR OFFICIAL ISE ONLY Online Audio Podcasts and Audio Search Last year I predicted that podcasting would be the next big thing for the Internet At first I thought I was wrong While pod casting initially garnered a lot of attention it did not take off until the second half of 2006 Fueled in large part by the immense popularity of digital audio devices such as iPod and the spread of broadband connections podcasts and online audio have revolutionized the way people share and get news entertainment and information While music downloads continue to dominate online audio podcasting is coming on strong And podcasting is not just for audio video podcasting-know as vodcasting or vidcasting-is increasing in popularity too Podcasting is recording and broadcasting any non-musical information-be it news radio shows sporting events audio tours or personal opinions-for playback on a computer or a mobile device Though podcasters' web sites may also offer direct download or streaming of their content a podcast is distinguished from other digital audio formats by its ability to be downloaded automatically using software capable of reading feed formats such as RSS or Atom 125 Think of a podcast as analogous to a radio or television broadcast The podcaster first makes a file available on the Internet either an audio file usually in MP3 format or video file 126 these can be in a number of formats Then the podcaster announces the availability of the file using a feed RSS or Atom that lists the available podcasts very much like individual radio or TV shows with the title date and a short text description of each episode Finally the user either plays the file on a computer or downloads the file to play it on a portable device such as an iPod capable of playing MP3 and or video files Podcasting has caught on because it is easy inexpensive mobile flexible and powerful Many websites now serve as directories to help users find pod casts of every variety anywhere in the world Podcast search engines generally index podcast metadata such as title description and length which usually makes searching for podcasts fairly accurate To date audio pod casts remain more common and popular than video podcasts but that is changing 125 Podcast ' Wikipedia http en wikiped ia org wiki Podcast 19 October 2006 126 While the terminology is changing I would say the term video podcast subsumes vlogs which are a special type of video podcast l e a weblog containing video 344 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFOR OFFlel cL MSE ONLY Yahoo Podcast Search Yahoo got out in front of the podcasting trend with its new Podcasts Search Beta site after a study the search giant published with Ipsos Insight which disclosed that most of the people who are using do so without even knowing it 127 Yahoo's audio search option also finds podcasts but if you are looking specifically for podcasts the Podcast Search site is better Yahoo Podcast Search indexes metadata such as keywords categories or user-generated topic tags to match queries to podcasts Users do not need to register at Yahoo to listen to podcasts but registration is required to subscribe to podcasts Yahoo Podcast Search includes its own player that launches at the site so users can listen to podcasts C j' ' 5u J Gettin g Sta rt ed 1 Publish i I Pod iiJ st ii M Subscnp t tons t Help t what the heck is a ' 1 ' '' - ''t lJ'pi 9_ 8 r - i7 Selle s and E rsod e s f - Jlnl R u r uuf own n t-t' an' not v o lthf y J ll · · f l ' · ll h _ ' · I _ W t· i · ' j ' · j n I _ ' 1I if ii 0 ' i I ' ll ' · Ii · · ' ' - ' ·''j AI VE ATISE ME NT »-t-Jr of _ j SCIence frtd ay es heard on 'PR is 8 w eekly cfi J l Fr - Learn '· ' t 8ndari n 'Ch e-se Ith tree daily POd 8 I __ Tell the Department liSten _ __ 'l ofTransponarion ynu wunr I non-stop tlight lo ll e iing - ' Sul» t Fruc ' __ cflbe • • 1 Rollover to 1ea 0 mor e j fJ ' - pop ular taqs Yahoo Podcast Search Beta http podcasts yahoo com Podzinger Podzinger takes a completely different approach to indexing podcasts Podzinger is a podcast search engine that lets you search the full audio of podcasts just like you search for any other information on the web Podzinger takes search a step further Joshua Grossnickle et aI Yahoo and Ipsos Insight RSS Crossing into the Mainstream PDF October 2005 http publ isher yahoo com rss RSS whitePaper1 004 pdf 24 October 2006 127 UNCLASSIFIEDIlIiOK OIiFICI cL MSE ONLY 345 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiillOFt OIlIlICI c%L tJS O L by searching the spoken words inside the podcast in order to find more specific and relevant results The text-based search results include snippets from the audio to help you figure out if the result is relevant You can even click on the words to listen to the audio from that point 128 While this speech recognition technology works well it only indexes English and Spanish podcasts at this time and the Podzinger index is much smaller than others Podzinger searches audio video or both types of podcasts Podzinger also introduced a special tab on its homepage that allows user to search inside YouTube videos that is to search the spoken text of YouTube videos A search of YouTube using Podzinger will return the results with the keywords highlighted within the transcribed text at the exact time at which they occurred Series Episode YouTube com andrewgrumman1958 Amy Goodman wi DISSIDENT IRANIAN JOURNALIST AKBAR GANJr' A K8 H G N JlIS one Oftl1i lost Prominent Dlszident JoUlI ins $ in Ii 'h He Spent Over 6 years in Prison in h 'In for Publishing a Series of lllvestigative Mir I s Regarding t le episode Infl llndtion goodman akbar investigative journalist dissident political assassination pacifica iranian government Tag Jan 14 2001 ·1' 8 jditional - D 0 00 12 arrested after it took part in the conference some polilical reform in I' II he was released six years later in march of this year Since his arrival in the United States has been speaking out against human rights abuses in Il he took part in three hunger strike outside the UN Aimed at forcing Ihe Iranian government to release political prisoners last week He declined to personal invitation 10 the White House to meet with top US officials overseeing lr policy He rejected the offer he says because he believed that current US policies could not help promote democracy in Iraq and she joins us now in the studio The same can' come come Molly also joins us to help with Iranslation we welcome you both to democracy now irs good to have you with us welcome can you begin by talking about Your investigations as a journalist in 1 Il in the late 1980s _ e 0 08 37 intention is to bring together the anti war forces within Enron from jll and from the rest of the world together In the US has threatened to attack an Ii 1I that is The president President Bush has revolved around him part of the axis as evil and Patricia What does this kind ' 0 09 20 somebody you don' have compounds Younts first it is impossible And maybe I ' in the same manner that Iraq and that kind of stunned hurt and made it Have to accept Quoted him on the o 0 11 31 into on how Canada pro democracy group finishers in Il and being empowered food should reluctant snoulcnt be-advancing democracy education I don' believe we have a widespread democratic movementwithin @ I Requirements for Podzinger are for Windows Systems 128 Podzinger FAQ Podzinger com http www podzinger com about jsp section faq 19 October 2006 346 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL t JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFl61AL I JSE m LY Internet Explorer 6 0 or higher and RealPlayer 9 0 or higher Internet Explorer 6 0 or higher and Windows Media Player 9 0 or higher Firefox 1 0 or higher and Quicktime 6 0 or higher For Macintosh Systems Safari 1 0 or higher and Quicktime 6 0 or higher If your system does not meet these requirements you can find podcasts and read the text transcript but you cannot play them Video podcasts can be downloaded and played later or opened and played using a multimedia player such as Windows Media Player or Apple Quicktime Podzinger supports the following video formats mp4 mov m4v flv mpg or mpeg Podzinger http www podzinger com Podzinger Spanish Search http www podzinger com index jsp il es Odeo has been around since 2004 and now boasts over a million audio files mostly podcasts from all over the world It offers both a search and browse option Users can either download the file or listen to it in a neat little player at the Odeo site There is an option to create an account so that you can subscribe to feeds and save them at Odeo but an account is not necessary The search and categorization scheme is based upon tags simple keywords or categories http odeo com Odeo Podcast net Podcast net has more search options than most podcast search engines Users can search by title description keyword location host or episodes I think the location search is the most useful because you can locate podcasts around the world http www podcast net Podcast net Podscope Like Podzinger Podscope transcribes audio from podcasts into searchable text This means you can search on words and phrases that occur in the podcast however I found that Podscope's search is not entirely reliable the search misses some words that have been transcribed Nonetheless it is a valuable podcast search site Podcasts play at the site using Flash 8 simply click on the green play button UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFl61Ab b1Si g JL Y 347 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffFe eFFlelAL f R0dseD R 81 senior fellow in publicpOllcy 1 USE OP4LY I Q Qg I @g I searchboxI suggest PodscopeSearchResults for senior fellow in public policy S r1 Order s c o r e ate Del in RSS P ulnmatl Iy f -Cl l' 'e fl WS reasearcb and Roundtable Rice DisputesClintonon Bin Laden September 27 Source NPR Roundtable with Ed Gordon though e ee I'l-I J On today t roundtable Secrerety of Stare conaoteerze Rice say sBill Clinton hat5 It all wrong on '0000 40 Osama bin Laden Host Fara Chideya i$ joined by John McWhorter Manha lan Inslitute senior _I fefJowin public policy Jeff Obafemi Carr host of the radio show Freestyle and Hofstra iii Universityjournalism professor E R Shipp ead f$hl ' D lfjltt IJll ijS BeOllingPoint PodCasts L st n I Pnduaats frorn 8e lringPr jnt's Analysts oil'll f l Jrif' lPf lr I· fl ' ts ·oa Roundtable' Bush's UN Address Hollywood Voices on Darfur September 21 Source NPR Roundtable with Ed Gordon World Vision RSS Feeds New Raj f ShC · and l f Ol-a Utd lH ' nIl d verec' throuch 01 1 SS Peed - ee®e On Wednesday's roundtable The president's address 10 the United Nations and what 11 may mean to the war on terrorism and the image of the U S in the Middle Easl Plus Celebrity voices JOin Ihe push 10 end Ihe genocide in Darfur TonyCox is joined by John McWhotier Manhallan IIiII Instltule Senior Fellow in Public Policy Michael Meyers executive director of the New York Civil Rights Coalition and EE QOllveHle Pod still'l Aud o einf f rJgO Pf C st Roundtable SchoolRace Divides No Gore 2008 June7 Source NPR Roundtable with Ed Gordon 6e se 0000 36 _ jjjgJ lIii fEiii _ l Pr0dl C'tion f SSFeeds PcJ - rt t Ktts Vr C ClVefS Topics The U S SupremeCourt will rule on a key dispute over school desegregation and races diVIded by neighborhoods former Vice President AI Gore says he won tun for the White House in 200E - and the Pentagon edits a new version of the U S Armv handbooi to remove a ban on humihalion and degredation of prisoners Guests 'John McWhorter ManhattanInstitute Senior Fellowin Public Policy Podscope Conservt11ivc BIt1cks http www podscope com Other Pod cast Search Sites Directories A number of sites offer podcast search or function as directories that index podcasts usually by topic Podcast Directories iPodder http www ipodder org directory 4 podcasts Podcast Directory http www podcastdirectory com Podfeed http www podfeed netl Podcasting Station http www podcasting-station com Podcast Shuffle http www podcastshuffle com Other Podcast Search Sites http www blinkx tv Blinkx http www podcastalley com Podcast Alley 348 UNCLASSIFIEDHFe eFFlelAL USE Ot4LY OOClO 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDiliiOK OlililelAL USE ONLY Special Topics-News Blogs Technology Search Newsgroups Forums Mailing lists News is one of the types of information most amenable to the Internet both are fast moving worldwide and in high demand Along with the proliferation of news sources on the Internet have come an even greater number of ways to share opinions on every subject limited only by the scope of the human imagination In this article I am going to discuss several different ways of accessing both news and opinions on the Internet newsgroups message boards or forums and mailing lists I discuss weblogs in the next section because they require special software and thus demand a separate discussion Newsgroups in general and Usenet in particular have lost a great deal of their prominence in recent years as more outlets for sharing information and communicating on the Internet have appeared Usenet is a system that allows individuals to post messages and have them read around the world within about three hours One of the drawbacks of Usenet is that it requires special software a newsreader configured to send and receive data via a user's Internet Service Provider's news server Microsoft embeds its newsreader into software such as Outlook and Outlook Express Usenet Warning This is a place on the Internet I recommend exercising great caution and skepticism because anyone with lnternet access can literally post anything to a newsgroup and often do Usenet newsgroups are noted for being chaotic notoriously unreliable lots of gossip and confusing So why would anyone look at them Because occasionally there is valuable and unique information posted to newsgroups By August 2000 there was 'only one Usenet search engine remaining Deja formerly Dejanews Fortunately Google acquired Deja in 2001 and made available the entire Deja archive consisting of over 700 million posts from 1981 to today UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY 349 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'1-6R 61-F101AL l JSE OP LY Google Groups indexes more than 1 billion Usenet postings and new postings normally appear in Google Groups within 10 minutes Google Groups put forward a new look in 2004 out of Beta in early 2007 while retaining all the old postings in its index Coo le web Imaqes GrolJPs8 What can you do with groups Take the tOUt Create a group in 3 steps 1 1 Creale an account 2 Setup your group Discuss online or over email Create rich custom pages 3 Invite people Customize yourlook and graphics Create Explore groups I BloqqerHelp Group Seerchfor a group Computers AI n JET Professl group• • Popular groups Find out what people are doingwith GoogleGroups 9' 3 Recreation 0 ' f Ber'leteau Ownel c-omp_ sys mac apps The Original Galw I Vldeoblogging R 'tndorn ConversatIOn leesport football college alt qQsslQ celebnlies GmadHelp DiscussIOn People S Alcoholics Anonym U- I P Pil rt dl' or- € Sci Tech electronrcs basics caPo is lee arts sf v ntten SCI ele-ctlonics deSign A heislI' % Chris ianlty ro Q Browse all 1I01lP C 1tellolies While Google Groups has many options and features that require an account many of the most valuable features do not ACTIVITIES THAT DON'T REQUIRE A GOOGLE ACCOUNT • • • • Reading posts in public groups Searching for groups posts or authors Posting to groups via email if they are unrestricted or you're already a member Joining a public Google Group via email ACTIVITIES THAT DO REQUIRE A GOOGLE ACCOUNT • • • • • • • Creating and managing your own Google Group Posting to groups via our web interface Creating pages and uploading files Subscribing to a Usenet newsgroup and receiving posts via email Joining a Google Group via our web interface Changing your subscription type No Email Abridged Email Reading a restricted group's posts online Google Groups has an advanced search that lets you limit your search by language subject forum author message 10 and or date It also has a feature known as author profile When you are viewing a posting click on More options next to the date then select View profile next the author's From address By clicking on a Show options next to an author's name Google will present the option 350 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR 61-F1GIAL l JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlOI cL l JSE ONLY to Find messages by this author and automatically search for every posting from a particular address Google Groups no longer shows the author's entire email address for privacy reasons but many addresses are guessable CODSlc Groul 11 ' d dline nline Home Discussions Pages Files lonut Alex Chitu Hideoptions Mar 3 3 29 am From Ion ut Alex Chitu ionuUlexch @gmail com Dale Thu 02 Mar 2006 23 29 23 -oSOO Local Fri Mar 3 2006 3 29 am suoject Deadline 2 30 Reilly to author I ForwardI PnnlllndivldlJal message I Show originall ReDoltthis me2sage I Find rnessage by thIS au hor 6QQ JI1 L 9LQ Q JOin thiS group Check the latest version of DeadLine at rlttpJ deadline 3% ro DeadLine 2 30 includes support ror Czech language previews graphS in Deadline Wizard has a bigger project window and more consistent error messages Reply to author RepairWindows - Download Increase PC Parforrnanca andfix Windows registry - 5 Star Rated WJJNI pctools Gum Automated Spec Vririnq Our spec wizards make spec wriling easy and it's free W· 'IW MGal com End of messages - b3 k to Dlscuss ons Google Groups' Option to Find messages by this author Google Groups is also one of the most valuable sources of information on technical and computer-related problems Someone has probably encountered that same complex and mysterious error message that has you flummoxed Simply by copying and pasting the error message into Google Groups you have a very good change of finding out what it means and even better how to fix the problem Despite what the site says Google Groups no longer limits the query to 10 words but to 32 as Google Search does Also the Google wildcard does not work in Google Groups Google Groups http groups google com Yahoo Groups is also a huge source of newsgroups on virtually every topic Yahoo Groups is very easy to use because it is arranged like the Yahoo general subject guide i e it is browsable by topic and keyword searchable Some groups require membership registration but many are publicly accessible Yahoo Groups does not offer a search by author's profile but it does link directly to its Member Directory You may be able to view the member profile which may provide the user's real name location age occupation and email address Yahoo Member Directory http members yahoo com However the popularity of newsgroups has declined with the rise of forums also known as message boards One of the main advantages of forums as a means of communicating via the Internet is that they do not require software other than a web browser for users to read and post to them Forums usually are focused on a specific topic anything from computer games to politics In terms of countable UNCLAS5IFIED IiO OlililelAL USE ONLY 351 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUFOR OFFIGIAL SE Ot LY posts Japan is far in the lead with over two million posts per day on their largest forum 2ch The United States does not have anyone large forum but instead several hundred thousand smaller forums China the Netherlands and France are also home to hundreds of independent forums There are several major search engines specifically designed to index and search forums message boards and discussion groups BoardTracker Lycos Discussions and BoardReader make it possible for users to search many more online discussion communities than ever before BoardReader which was offline for most of 2005 is back and improved The site has several software partners including Vivisimo the clustering metasearch engine behind Clusty and Thunderstone to search and group information from Internet forums and message boards There is an option to limit searches by date site and language The sources indexed by BoardReader still tend to be very different from those accessed by Lycos Discussion Google Groups or Yahoo Groups making it a valuable addition to hidden web search BoardReader does recognize non-Latin character sets The biggest change to BoardReader is the addition of a Domain Profile option which uses data BoardReader gathers by indexing forums to create a detailed picture of a domain including number and sources of inbound links the pages in a domain with the most active inbound links BoardReader http www boardreader com BoardTracker searches only for the content of message boards forums and can be used as a traditional keyword search engine or a browsable directory of message boards by topic BoardTracker has an instant alerts system whereby it will notify you in a number of ways email Jabber ICO as soon as a thread matching your search term is posted on any of the thousands of forums we track While BroadTracker does not require registration to use its alert service obviously must require registration which in turn requires a valid email address Nonetheless BoardTracker's registration does not ask for your name or address so users can employ a free email service such as Hotmail or Yahoo Mail for BoardTracker alerts Notice the search options BoardTracker offers including the search for Threads or by Author to sort by Relevancy or by Date and to search in All Categories your own selected threads or in a specific category which often has more subcategories within it e g World Regional includes specific continents General Middle East and Warfare I am also happy to report that BoardTracker searches equally well in non-Latin character sets as it does in English I am also intrigued that it will search for results from the past 6142 years 129 Internet Forum Wikipedia http en wikipedia orq wiki lnternet forum 14 November 2006 352 UNCLASSIFIEDffl 'Ofit Oprl 'lel1tL tJ 1 ONLY OOClO 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL USE eP4LV B DardTraEka ' r-- _-I - _ - • 910 ' ' ' MuU -r nl' n il fln nr d 'i Home Sl '3r ch My Al e rt s Bro wse My Thr eads Se t up Abou t l og i n Signup Searc h cryptography I Sea rc h for Threads I Se arch J I Ord er by Relevancy J 11 Ceteqories I My T hrea ds C st 6142 years 1- - - - - 'Safe Fille l is ON s Arts Humanities 11 -11 I Busine ss Economy Comput ers Internet D t I t Culture Society Data Transformation T e e a i ' Edu cation R apid visu al d a t a tra nsformation Replace ETl and EAI with XML solutions ' Entertainment W IIW cape cle a r com www g1 co r Food Cooking Government Peop le i Health Med icine i Hom e Fam ily Ill h • suits 1 25 Of 222 a d r epo rti n g a -Bo i· -· TitI - - · - - •• • Ads by Goog le __ J e e il fO i Mis- ing namespace sy tem Securily CIY J1o m l_ Fri Science Techno lo i i21 iO ISlgnedXml class is supposed to reside in lhe syslem securily cIYllt our lJ hy xml namespace bull haven1gol lhal I namespace available I have the syslem securily cIYllto Jl lIlhy namespace more BoardTracker -J http www boardtracker com OMGILI is a new vertical search engine that only searches the content of web forums Why would anyone want to limit a search to discussion forums 'The information contained in online forums is typically presented in a 'question and answer' or debate style format How is this significant Many times you will have a question that has already been answered Using Omgili you can avoid posting already asked questions and quickly find your answer Unlike ordinary search engines that prioritize articles and edited web pages Omgili only indexes discussion forums Using Omgili's advanced search capabilities you can choose to independently search titles topics or just the replies of a discussion ' 13o Think how many times you have needed to find the answer to a question-for example about trojan horse removal-and had to struggle through typical search engine results that were littered with useless advertisements Now look at the results for that query using Omgili 130 About Omg ili Omg ilLcom http www omgili co m about html 31 Octobe r 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 353 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED

I OR OlRlRlCIAl blSE ONlY Ibolan horseremov ell Results - 10 of aboul 185 for trojan horse UHlIOV ll 2 657000 seconds trojan horse removal- torncovote forums 0 help to remove a uojnn horse-virus i have recently acquired the tlOj lll horse virus quo c sxs c plOgram liles trojanhunler4 O lhguard ex e c program files scanbulton 2 1 scanbutl t t iepiie» Bed mel Breakfast com The Trojan Horse Inn on Bed and Breakfast com Find information on over 27 000 properties on Bed and Breakfast com Guest re'liews maps photos gift cenificates and more 11 j'LbMI a i 1t1t M trojan horse removal - SWI forums 0 elTecllhallhe following tiojan has been delected tr Jj lll horse dropper genericzh I panda software anti-nolan a free I personal trojanhunter 3O-day tria onlm Illq r iiJrun s 'PY Y31 3irlfc com inde php'ishv V1Opic 58746 - P ge Wi it pic m iai 'Jd$l 2 rf' i hlJS Find Trojnn H P i lLy ith Business com Computers iS ftware - Business com will help you findjus what looking for Browse lhlOllgh more than 65 000 categories Find all the vendors and goods you need to grow your business C8rx org rn sage boards V1 ENV tORic - trojan horse r igremoval 0 li'l un J'li 3io- cern me that i had trojau horse dialer69 maybe g6 andthatit wasinmy temp int fil could you download hiJackthis e ract it from the zip file inlo it's own directory like c http Jfboanis ' i - Y lfyie Vi lph php t 5G44 w

h topic sod 1t Jt fj$ 1 tepEes Links To Antivirus SoftWare trojan horse downloadef agBrJtproblern- pc pitswp forums 0 shield picked up a nojau according to avy it's a tlOj l1l horse downlcader agent q e eIY tlojan win32 agent cs aka adware-virtumundo this may not be a simple repair sjman hltp iipCpi SI lf' rl'iis'OI M' com irld lHphp sIHlwtof it 1057 12 Pag i lh u pic snd Detect virusea Trojans worms scan and clean incoming and outgoing emall Detecl l'iruses in instant-message attachments n pt ' 1 fW 1il cb'y m Norton Trojan Horu Virus Removal 2006 version availabl now Slay protected th the trusted antmrus software at the official U S Web site for all Nortonand C 'ncn d t D · 'o 'oolo The Omgili crawler analyzes a forum differently from a webpage recognizing and assigning different weights to the topic title and replies One thing to keep in mind is that you will have to register at forums where registration is required i e Omgili does not offer a cached option I would recommend adding Omgili to your forum search bookmarks Oh in case you're interested Omgili stands for oh my God I love it http www omgili com Omgili Finding News Groups and Mailing Lists In contrast to searching newsgroup content Tile net will help you find newsgroups or mailing lists of interest Tile net offers an alphabetical listing of all Usenet newsgroups by description or newsgroup hierarchy Don't worry if you don't understand the hierarchy because Tile net has a search engine that will find the appropriate newsgroups to match your keywords Tile net also provides a searchable listing of mailing lists and discussion groups CataList is the official source to browse any of the 58 638 public L1STSERV lists on the Internet search for mailing lists of interest and get information about L1STSERV host sites L1STSERV is one of the most useful and now venerable Internet 354 UNCLASSIFIEDA'IRQR QlRlRlCIAl biG QNlY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDliF6 6FFICIAL l JS 6NLY programs dating from 1986 scanning email messages for the words subscribe and unsubscribe to automatically update mailing list subscriptions At the CataList site users can get the following public List and Site information List information Search for a mailing list of interest View lists by host country View lists with 10 000 subscribers or more View lists with 1 000 subscribers or more Site information Search for a L1STSERV site of interest View sites by country Finally both Google and Yahoo Groups allow users to search or browse groups by topic Google Groups http groups google com Yahoo Groups http groups yahoo com Tile net CataList http www tile net http www lsoft com lists listref html UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlGIJltL l JSE ONLY 355 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUj QR Qj j ISIAb bJS QNbY Weblogs RSS Feeds Weblogs more often known simply as blogs are web pages that are usually defined as online journals or diaries but can be many things Blog posts are like instant messages to the web Many blogs are personal 'what's on my mind' type musings Others are collaborative efforts based on a specific topic or area of mutual interest Some blogs are for play Some are for work Some are both 131 Blogs can be wonderful sources of news and information or they can be absolute schlock I find blogs most useful as sources of rumors and opinions on particular topics or breaking news stories Making blogs useful is tricky but some of the best ways to access them are via specialty blog search tools because many search engines do not offer blog-specific searches The first major blog search tool was Daypop an excellent news search engine that lets users limit a search to blogs or RSS feeds Google has a separate blog search engine Yahoo subsumes blog searches under its news search and Live has a feed search Many-in fact probably most-blogs make their content available in RSS What is RSS RSS stands either for Rich Site Summary or RDF Site Summary there is some dispute about this RSS is an XML format for syndicating web content A website that wants to allow other sites to publish some of its content creates an RSS document and registers the document with an RSS publisher A user that can read RSS-distributed content can use the content on a different site Syndicated content includes such data as news feeds events listings excerpts from discussion forums or even corporate lnformatlon Look for the RSS Atom feed icon at websites to subscribe to a feed To add to the confusion RSS is not the only format used for blogging and newsfeeds The other major format is Atom Here's a good explanation of the difference RSS XMLlAtom are technologies but syndication is a process RSS and Atom are two flavors of what is more or less the same thing a 'feed' which is a wrapper for pieces of regularly and sequentially-updated content be they news articles weblog posts a series of photographs and more For the purposes of this article consider the terms interchangeable XML is the' base technology both are built on but that's almost totally irrelevant the 131 About Blogger Blogger com http www blogger com about pyra 14 November 2006 132 RSS Webopedia http www webopedia comITERM R RSS html 14 November 2006 356 UNCLASSIFIEDli'FOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIE01lFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY orange buttons are mislabeled and should read 'RSS' or 'Atom' instead Strange but true 133 News aggregators sometimes referred to as RSS aggregators are programs designed to read XML formatted content which is very popular in the blogging community News aggregators retrieve RSS Atom feeds and present these feeds in an easy to read format Bloggers and many news websites use RSS Atom feeds in XML format to publish information Most news aggregators are downloadable programs that need to be installed on your computer but some are implemented on websites There are now a number of RSS and blog search engines Unfortunately the relationship between RSS feeds and blogs is not as clean and clear as one might hope While RSS search engines get their content from RSS feeds and not from crawling the web any type of website can distribute content using RSS This means RSS search engines are searching more than just blogs On the flip side not every blog uses RSS to distribute its content so some blogs are not searched by RSS search engines So what exactly do blog search engines provide that traditional news search engines do not What users often get from blogs are biased insights and opinions For good or for ill blogs are somewhere between newsgroups chat rooms and true journalistic sites Why use blog search engines First remember that traditional search engines are the least useful for news or date-sensitive information News search tools are best for timely objective reporting What blog search adds is diversified opinion sometimes useful sometimes not on virtually every topic imaginable Also even good news search sites may index a limited number of sources whereas a good blog site may get news out faster and more efficiently However for a number of reasons blog search engines' algorithms are not as good as general search engines' algorithms at weeding out spam so you will probably have to wade through a lot of inappropriate and useless sites when using a blog search tool The list of blog search engines seems to be growing weekly but I expect some will fall by the wayside as others become more popular I recommend trying several of these tools because you will probably get very different results In late 2006 Google Blogsearch overtook Technorati as the most popular blog search site Technorati offers a somewhat different approach The concept behind Technorati is that it watches over 63 million weblogs analyzing who is linking to a blog website or news article By entering the uri of any blog website or news article users can see how many blogs link to it which bloggers are linking to that page and what they are saying about it In essence Technorati is a very simple website analysis tool that 133 What is RSS XMLlAtom Syndication Mezzoblue com http www mezzoblue com archives 2004 05 19 what is rssx 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEOIlFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY 357 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHF6R 6Fnell8cL I ISE ONLY lets users see what others are saying about almost any site of interest Technorati also offers a keyword search of all the weblogs it tracks Technorati and the Associated Press initiated a service to connect bloggers to more than 440 AP member newspapers nationwide lncreasingly what the blogosphere says about a news story becomes part of a more complete story lending diverse perspectives and often expert commentary The new service will bring blogger commentary about AP news stories to communities large and small throughout the USA giving bloggers a voice in trusted local papers throughout the nation When readers visit an AP member Web site that uses AP Hosted Custom News they will see a module featuring the 'Top Five Most Blogged About' AP articles right next to the article text dynamically powered by Technorati Additionally when readers click on an AP article Technorati will deliver 'Who's Blogging About' that article 134 At the participating sites you will see the Blog Roundup from Technorati ' ' _'- Defense Duke Accuser Changes PolitiCS l Story L llill ll - odcasts DURHAM N C AP The accuser in the Duke lacrosse sexual assault case told prosecutors in December that one of the three players charged did not commit any sex act on her during the alleged attack according to papers filed Thursday by the defense i Snow Latest Weather Woes for Seattle SEATILE AP A cold snap swept through Seattle and surrounding areas Thursday on the heels of the season's Multimedia Gallery i second snowstorm closing schools for il s y more than 350 000 students snarling AUDIOl ' traffic and causing at least one -APVideo tletwork' traffic-related death i Today in History i · Ii y iiiI PhotoWeek I c r t ' i4 i Blog Roundup rh n' i bl ' q0j ' $$ ll j l- d Pr'2's rtick 5 Congress Divided Over Bush War Plan 25 new links U S -Led Forces Detain 6 Iranian Workers 18 new links al-Qaida Suspects Still Alive in Somalia 11 new links Cisco Sues Apple Over Use of iPhone Name 10 new links Nica rag uan Rev 0 Iuti 0 nary Back in Power 7 new links Hurt in Ind workplace Shooting P • ' RED ev Technorati INDIANAPOLIS AP A man shot and j wounded four co-workers Thursday morning at a manufacturing business that employs disabled people through Easter Seals telling police he shot them over i lIs j FP npr t nnlir p irl 134 Peter Hirshberg Technorati Teams With The Associated Press to Connect Bloggers to More Than 440 Newspapers Nationwide Technorati Weblog 23 May 2006 http technorati comfweblogf2006 05f107 html 31 October 2006 358 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL I ISE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFISIAL lSi Q II Y Clicking on the headline links you to the article clicking on the Links to this article takes you to Technorati to read blog entries about the story I think this development is further evidence that the definition of journalism is fuzzier than ever The Diarist Registry indexes more than 7100 blog sites is fully searchable and lists blogs by country Bloogz permits searches in four European languages plus English and Blogwise offers an option to list blogs by country IceRocket has a trend tool that shows keyword trends for the last one to three months as well as other information to allow users to get a broad sense of a topic's popularity Sear ch Web MySpace Ima New Blogs t re n d Tool iran ·····M···· _ _ _ D O Bloa Tools ' 610 s Citlltion Trend b © 2006 Icegocket com Link Tr ocker • Blog TrendTool 8 1aqTop ic' ' dd ' Ot BIoQ - p t gUS i' Pirg ConflQ' atms Popular To YOl lTube Videos Tw MlJyo s 0 35 ' 0 3 Q IS 025 o 2i 02 0 15 ' c III III 0 1 Q oos TcpNews 810gs Sh owca se · Who's got more buzz Date m iran Celebrity 810gs services of IceRodcel Free RoSS Builder Trend Terms Back to search results cc L · Free IceRode t Toolb Ice SPY Help Sf e i'Y Tre' d T r Tls_ __ __ _ _ Trend Term s Display labe s g dig t il t· 9 Di9italC ameras ctm@r i OR diglc rn ' Basics About IceRod et Link To iceRocke t IMJa t You think Also don't forget Waypath which lets you see blogs that link to specific websites almost in real time Waypath also searches the full text of blogs as well as by keyword Of course we now have Google Blogsearch which offers many search features and options but contains only fairly recent content Also keep in mind that Google 810g Search only indexes the site feed not the full content at the website that originated the feed UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlSlAL l JSE ot4LY 359 4046925 OOClO UNCLASSIFIEDIIFeR eFFIOIAll lSE otJlY All the blog search engines permit sort by date in addition to sort by relevance Date sorting works perfectly well with weblogs which unlike webpages have date time tags http www blogdigger com Blogdigger http www blogsea rchengine com Blog Search Engine http www blogwise com Blogwise Bloogz http www bloogz com Clusty Blog Metasearch http blogs c1usty com Daypop http www daypop com Feedster http www feedster com Google Blogsearch IceRocket http blogsearch google com http blogs icerocket com http www sphere com Sphere The Diarist Registry Technorati http www diarist net reg istry http www technorati com There are as many potential blogs as there are people willing to create and maintain them Quite honestly most are as dull as ditchwater However there is a type of blog-or perhaps it's more accurate to say a type of blogger-that is inherently interesting the insider For example there are several hundred Microsoft employees who are blogging and a lot of what they are talking about is directly related to Microsoft products that are still in the planning stages Prolific Microsoft blogger Robert Scobie mentioned Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005 and complained that the real name was far less interesting than the codename Lone Star 135 A few days after his blog entry appeared Microsoft officially announced that the service pack Tablet PC is tied to wouldn't be out as planned by June the last month of the Microsoft fiscal year but was being delayed until at the earliest July 2005 when Microsoft's 2005 fiscal year begins Other Microsoft bloggers have discussed such things as technical details of work with the latest developer tools Longhorn which became Vista the current Windows as for desktop PCs architecture and how features are developed for Microsoft products like Word Microsoft has definitely taken a if you can't beat 'em join 'em attitude towards blogs so far In 2004 the company went so far as to launch Channel 9 a website that combines blogs discussion forums and other technology to improve communications with developers Channel 9 refers to the audio channel many Inside Track The Guardian 20 May 2004 http techno logy guardian co uk online storv O 3605 1220085 00 html 14 November 2006 135 360 UNCLASSIFIEDflFeR eFFICIAL USE eNlY DOCID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDilFOR OFFl61AL l JSE O JbY airlines use to let passengers listen in on crew conversations and according to the welcome message at the site We think developers need their own channel 9 a way to listen in to the cockpit at Microsoft an opportunity to learn how we fly a chance to get to know our pilots Five of us in Redmond are crazy enough to think we just might learn something from getting to know each other Join in and have a look inside our cockpit and help us fly the plane Channel 9 http channeI9 msdn com Companies walk a fine line between encouraging people to share information and protecting their proprietary crown jewels In fact Microsoft fired a long-time temporary employee for posting photographs of Apple G5 Macs being delivered to the Microsoft campus The employee originally posted the photo on his own site and intended it mainly for friends and family he even cropped the photo so that the Microsoft campus wouldn't be visible Nonetheless the photo was quickly discovered and widely discussed across the web leading Microsoft to dismiss him for violating company security policy Given the wide-open nature of the Internet the ease of blogging and the fact that people love to share information for whatever reason blogging will undoubtedly become a bigger problem for companies and organizations Employees may innocently or inadvertently post inside information that could be harmful to their organization And it's not hard to imagine what damage a disgruntled employee could do General News Sources Finding news sources around the globe has become fairly easy All of the following are very good sources of different types of news sources newspapers magazines wire services etc Many have links to online publications and news sources and many of these publications are available free over the Internet ABYZ Newslinks http www abyznewslinks com http www guardian co uk worldnewsguide Guardian's World News Guide HeadlineSpot http www headlinespot com http www esperanto se kiosk engindex html Kiosken http www metagrid com Metagrid newspapers magazines http www all-Iinks com newscentral NewsCentral online newspaper links http newsdirectory com NewsDi rectory http newslink org Newslink Online Newspapers http www onlinenewspapers com index htm RefDesk My Virtual Newspaper http www refdesk com papmain html UNCLA55IFIEDll OR QIRIRISIAL l JSE ONLY 361 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOJi gRg ICIAb b1ii g b Y News Sites Search Engines In addition to the sites above that help you locate news sources there are also a growing number of excellent search services dedicated to delivering and searching the news In fact so many people all over the world are relying on the Internet for their news that old media sources continue to lose revenue as they compete for readers and viewers It turns out that some of the new media Internet news services such as Google and Yahoo now compensate old media sources such as AP on a pay-per-c1ick basis Major Internet portals such as Yahoo and America Online have been paying for content since their creation in the mid-1990s Earlier this year 2006 Google signed a deal with the Associated Press one of more than 50 agreements AP Chief Executive Tom Curley has obtained from Internet players since 2003 136 Google News and Yahoo News are among the very best news search tools Both have superb advanced search options that include the ability to limit searches to specific publications dates etc Both let you sort the results by relevance or by date and time News searching is one area in which it makes sense to sort results by date because news stories unlike webpages have meaningful date time stamps or tags Because of partnerships between many news websites and news providers readers often have access to subscription news stories without having to register e g The New York Times or give personal information at a news website Occasionally you may even discover you can access an article requiring payment because of a partnership arrangement For example this article is only available by paid subscription at its website but by using Google News to find it a reader can access the full article for free and without registering The Patent Office Getting Wiki With It Law c urn ub 'cn l i CA · J an 12 2007 In Augus t whe n the Patent and Tra de mark Offic e acknowle dged t hat it had ta ken Wikipedi off its list of acceptable research sources the surprise was not ••• 136Elise Ackerman New media making deals with ' old' news providers Mercury News 30 July 2006 http www mercurynews com mld mercuryne ws news 15 157800 htm 14 November 2006 362 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl61AL l ISE mJbY LAW COlvI l-ir ' in 1 ' 1 11 C' a n il 'symantec Free E-Dlscovery Webeast l n lo r rn t1 · t i t L 5ltr JH · - · ' ' ' '- ' ' lr t'fi j f I gti§fHf fr i 4 The Patent Office Getting Wiki W ith It Ahm Cohe n IP l a w BUSine ss L J al l hMlo JY b l-H OII 3C Cvu llt d January 16 2007 sm llfilm Busi ne s s In August l when the Patent an d Trademark Office ack nowledge d th at it h ad taken Wikipe d ia off its list of acce ptab le re se arch sources the surp rise wes not that th e Web site had been banishe d but th at ex ami ner s ha d bee n usin g it at all To its fa ns ' iM1 ¥tfuffi' i h' II Wikioe dia is a re ma rkable colla bor ati o n ill gigantic u p- to -th e -minute encr clop edie to which ln y use r an ywhere can ccntnbute To Its det ract ors it's the online ve rsion of the old NSatu rd ay Night tl ve gam e show Comm on Knowledge whe re a ns we rs wer e determined by a n atio n wide su rve y of high s chool seniors The Joke wa s th at every answ e r --' wrong w s Visit the N ew MinorityLawIournal Web site f or Dai ly News Update s Featured Div ersity Firm s Magazine Art icles - Diversity Scorecard Associat e Surv ey Dire ctory of Minor ity Att om eys Editor's Come r No dou bt Wiklpe dia' s en vone -ce n- be-e n- expert nature means thet it too ca n Qet things wrong The s ite a lso ge ts its sha re of pran ksters Re cent entries ha ve note d th at a pop ular compute r ga me was written b Mr TJ of te le vision 's T h A-Te a m not and that one of the prime suspe cts in the es ses sineticn of John f Ken nedy wos John s etcentheter Sr th e f O ll n d i m e ditor ial director of USA Today b ey ond not Reg istrati o n is Free However finding and understanding how to use these services can be confusing because most sites that permit unimpeded access to subscription news do not do a good job of advertising how to do it Some of the major news sources that require registration or personal information to access some or all of their news but which are accessible via news search sites include The New York Times The Washington Post The LA Times BusinessWeek Forbes The Guardian UK The Times of London I have included some ways to access subscription news without providing personal information in the discussion of news search engines below UNCLASSIFIED JFOR OFFl6IAL 1 J5E ONLY 363 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFOR OFFICIAL l JSE e 4LY Google News http news google com Google News headlines are entirely generated using a computer algorithm that scours over 10 000 worldwide news sources Google News also offers international editions for France Germany India Italy Spain and several other countries Google News lets users Sort results by date or relevance Search on a title or headline using the syntax intitle intitle iraq Use both the intitle and inuri or source commands together to find a specific topic in a specific publication Limit a search to a specific U S state or a country Iocation ny or location germany Limit a search to a specific news site using the syntax inurl or source inurl washingtonpost com Google also permits users to limit their search by news source in both simple and advanced news search The source command must be used with a keyword The syntax in simple news search is source and the query is source news_source_name keyword For example source new_york_times iraq The source syntax can be tricky to use Here's a partial list I've come up with which works as of now in simple search 5 source bbc news source international- herald - tribune source u nited_press_international source guardian source christian_science_monitor source cbs_news source abc news Philipp Lenssen's research during 2006 indicated at least 10 584 unique sources for Google News Which sources does Google News index Google Blogoscoped http blog outercourt com googlenews 14 November 2006 137 364 UNCLASSIFIED 1FOR eFFICIAL l J5E eNLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFIOIAL liSE m LY source washington_post source reuters source cnn source msnbc source forbes Another option is to use the Advanced Google News Search that includes these options Find results-all words exact phrase at least one word without the word s Sort by relevance or date Location by country or state Occurrences of terms-anywhere or in headline body or uri of article Date-anytime last hour last day past week past month or range of dates within past month Source by simple name e g CNN New York Times The source option in advanced search is an improvement over having to use the source syntax that required such entries as source united_pressjnternational However there are still two problems with the source option Google doesn't list its sources anywhere that I can find it merely says there are about 4500 of them and you still have to write out the full name of the source so UPI or Fox will not work but United Press International or Fox News will Google News now offers a Google Blogsearch link from the News homepage Google News Advanced Search http news qooqle com advanced news search Google News also offers customization features that let you add or remove news categories decrease or increase the number of headlines you see select from numerous regional editions of Google News from around the world and more For example you could customize your Google News page to show only the World ScilTech Business and U S pages then add standard sections for German Business and another for France in general Google News also permits adding a custom section in which you enter keywords all must be in the story for it to appear in your section so choose carefully You can even use the Advanced option under custom section to limit your keyword search to a specific topic e g internet security only in the Sci Tech section You can change the language of the stories in your custom section by clicking on Advanced and selecting a language in the pulldown menu While these new customization options may sound a little complicated they are fairly intuitive and Google News is very forgiving If you make a mess of your customization there is an option to Reset page to default link to return your page to its default settings i e the standard version without any UNCLASSIFIEOHI-6K 61-1-IeiAL liSE ONLY 365 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJFOR OFFICIAL USE OP4t'f customizations This will however obliterate any customization you ever made so you might want to delete unwanted sections one at a time instead Google News now permits users to get any Google News page section search or customized page via RSS or Atom feeds Google News provides detailed information on how to set up and access these feeds Google News Feeds http news gooqle com intl en us newsfeed terms html Google News keeps news stories in its database for about 30 days This might be a bit misleading since much of the freely available news on the Internet is only available for less than 30 days usually somewhere between 1 and 2 weeks Unlike the Google search engine Google News does not offer cached stored copies of these news stories However some news articles that cannot be accessed via the original site's archives because they require registration were indeed accessible using Google So if you cannot get to a news article that is less than 30 days old via the original source try searching for it in Google News and linking directly to the page Google News Archive http news qooqle com archivesearch Google News unveiled a new service that from the looks of it will be very popular and useful-and potentially highly addictive It's Google News Archive Search which links from the Google News homepage Here are the results for the search ronald reagan On the right are the results listed by relevance though they are a bit odd considering that the third result is from CNN but dated 1952 the article actually dates from Reagan's death in 2004 and is about his life in the 1950's On the left you can limit the search by date range or by publication Archives Se lfch ticles t Janon bids finelfal'i W8Ji to Reagan clr sino 1L Am ri a n storl j e'f 1 11 ' 1 T ihlJFln Jun 11 f 04 ·We lost Ron l lit Rt • FUl '1 tlf'r -j'l 11 3gJ t1i 11A'e i j ''f mi$u d hiryl'fllr d l n1 time ' Bush ROIl l ld Re g lflbclong'J to Ihe agc$ nr r v but we lrefitr ed j I 'hr o he 1 ·Mo l nin bufi 1l l' 'lJtktl end If n t lit l j· lf mHl l H IJ $l Ul ' hrooicle N ot iQ 1 Jj b v lin9 good bj to Rt iCt l l1 H'll lS' lJ 1 ChI9Ilicle ¥ ¥ i Publit fens ' '' ' V 'i ii'-llo l1 'NJ- tinuli f' 'o t Phildd£ohAii J S L I ut Post J I r l JeulnaVTh 'f ' 1 uJ J l li -'f h - a il iJi i tii' i b p §p Reckoning ' loA til Reagan' ThO v itt en l OCOld ' N I' • Jun 52 ' f Y l or c'ann m'i bO-G t i re H @ l i ii 1 jn on ROlloll Reo 'J 1u his 1 2 The Ra holld fte l j iln depi t@d by Cannon is t alented b 1 J J'r n l ion i l • •• political hll m1 n ril l Herald HighSE-i m R 5 t3 H C h S'J cl ipl i o J eo ly a n dii i 93 - USt l odar 'Sir l l ll C ni % U i r1 Tr bJj 'H · 1 ' i F 5 nlL sti • L l ' I l jl qr '$' TriLu t i ' to Re HI Jn C I O S c ritH PIE'Sidl I'Il ROilOlld - nn mii d 5Bns 'o J- ti' r-Qnri1 I -' 0ut i i iii 6riiE 'ail i i H Mell 4 1951 In 95i •vh n R l u 1d R l g ilU Ie-ok cffice 'IS ¥ ' II' OI o Cari or l-t41 311 «1 3 IJtp n ing l t in omlld RC llj dll'$ 1 iniI'l 9 c ' I ' f1 'J«t t o a y t-lh e f od •• P # t l lo » Po innd 'i ' 1e nlfll S i1P esid 1I Reagan j i ' jU l Udimittlll · UOIf 1900 HOlhlld Re '19rl lt willbe the ne d Presid m t the ·l mte d St a l $ Mr HOntll d Re J gan caS1 366 UNCLASSIFIEDY I-6 6I-I-leIAL tJSE 6Nt' 5 ' 1 limelin D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGlaAtL 8 g JbY This is where the Google News Archive search is irresistible to researchers not to mention to history and news buffs Take a look at the results from the 1950s Goog le News Art hlves RI2 n 'i 1qdnS 0 9p t ' 2f on their Somhetrl California ranch CriH· M 19-52 n i 'il n'ROl1illtl Ro - lljlln tcokoffica t g lvt lm t r -c hfol n 1 fler zu pds 1 9Iy And ir'I'Rol'i hi Roea u'g shitli lgCi l N j Y · 'taS h I ts Ihere P lt -'S icb P iU0 AII Public li 8 Tt h' r'l I City Uno EvGllinq Dii onT Mgr l h Ronald Reagan Bock VVooinq His Fir OV8 P 'ij·P- - ·Vi-tw ¥V $hngtQf h n PtIjO j ' ' It frh 'r - Nov2 1957 t INS Ronald Reaqon wn has dsvoled mete lime te Tv in Ih_1 p sl fEYl y@1us lhan hi has 10film-s IUll ls II his fir'Sl l fl 'e in 0 ussl just siqned 'Ml ' Lim lNt f 2 fQ8$ Feb ' 1%1 f las1er of C lt8m6ni 5 R 'ln lld Reag lh '§rasiri nl -nf1he Screen Actor'S Gqi'hL 0 Ihought lh l Ron lid Rftag ln ' eiihet W3·t· GUi'te n1 n r a Y IY n ' r llhli t' 'Dh PiHjOS a H1¥t vood The lie' ' Pictures flhE M t 'itlf T nHltr · NCIJ 13 19S'J l ppe 1ed I by n son Ronald Re-agi'm she 'S t out to makl 'Gmend and Re 'lgduand RfJlh Husse-rht-N Mile It- Jtr ay t p' 2xcb im obouUha wa' ' Ron td P I s1 j ' rt LP ' 'he l ew 'k lJr% T AE ' Eirh - in hr J J -14 IPS The V mfliAg TeiJl n 'Name j ii Me fc ll l r ioglJphy l f baseball's lale 91f jl Gft'lf r 1 · 'e'P L1tNi A e ii del R lh t4 Re g Like The Pride of$t Lg ri TiME PBkH 1 'J I cb phrje Ignore the first result which we know isn't really from 1952 Most of the oldest news appears to come either from Time if it's free or from the Newspaper Archive The Newspaper Archive is the single largest historical newspaper database online containing more newspaper pages from 1759 to present than any other service It is subscription based but free to public libraries and K-12 schools so if you need a copy of the full sized newspaper image you can get it at your public library The good news is that Google News Archive searches the Newspaper Archive and returns the results in a window For example UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL l ISE ONLY 367 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlClalcL 1 J5E ONLY I NEWSPAPERRRCHIVE com ome I Register I Advanced Seilr h i'Jt lld H ' R tTl rrl l ' M 1 Browse Available Pipers I Support Over45 MIllion Newspaper Pages Onllnel Search _ I r '''1 Page Added Every 1 Second I Search results for ronald reagan w # • • • I 316 358 newspaper pages including The Dixon Telegraph i I ·11e le x1 abo'''' w x racled from the image uSing Optical Cha clE'1RecogOl echll J g r d mily P € I dlsorgamZEd tAernbers enjoy access to luI size nE'W5 pEf re ES as lie y we e punted God lHlelo's In most cas es A perient e i % ' 001 111 i The Dixon TeltHJraph Tuesd ily Allgust 15 1950 Try Another arth Although you cannot get the full size image using Google New Archive search the complete article is here You can scroll down read and even copy the entire newspaper article from the August 15 1950 Dixon Telegraph using Google News Archive search whereas even viewing results at the Newspaper Archive is unavailable to users unless they are paid members of the Newspaper Archive You can limit your Google News Archive searches to the Newspaper Archive by adding source newspaperarchive Many of the results in the Google News Archive search come from subscription services and these are clearly marked as such The advanced search contains an option to Return articles with the following price including articles with no price meaning free not priceless You can also limit your search to a specific news source e g source daily herald and Google News Archive will show the possible publications if more than one fits that query 368 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l J5E OP4L'f OOClO 4046 9 25 UNCLASSIFIEDNFQR QFFl61 1cL USE GOt ole News M i Or ty Vl d a l our d8jly he taJd' Search Alchf l'Els A rchives Thf l k 1I1 8 I rnals matchllQ Jazz's off f sq ' IS 8 ulls' ' l • I ily It '' l il l d · H ' s n · J'J 1 1 1997 h wlIi prt the B ull s' impe netrabl e defensE 'lga lOsl rmpectable olil nsl ' E Jazz No matt er · tl ·s matched up agams whom '1iil th B'ulls run be th e la st Dai l ' He ral d· NewsB nk 52 95 i§ 51 t h eJ J0 _ - Dilil Her lltl r' lewsB ank 52 95 lly H ·' lltl · fl l H I J · ' '11 ' -37 Bf lod · R I 1' d MlG G 1l8 Th Pea rr a ke r D81tvHeraifl L j tt ily 1l ' dM · k ' J JlY · Sep 26 19J97 Wnll en by Mich 1Sch lffeL Produced by Wa ll e' P rkes no S rank o L Leder A Dream No rks P icun es t Jeas e ROIl ed R v olen ce You may have noticed the option to view timeline above When you select this Google News Archive puts all the search results into a date ordered timeline that may make complex historical events and news stories easier to research m 2 I S68tdlAtchtves Archives TImellne 11 oJ I 2h r ··tl BQM' Q1961 ' St 6·t' 7' J l MF Iv Il A r I' vi 111 1 1 - _ It I 7 1' 06 I 'I ' I 1 ' • 0 1 7 190 0 Manon P ' · unprass sen of Ro lh1td R 19'U1 m str Qscone p e D J s b't rmJ n eJ look ny - Eke Ih 1 lIow ' 1h 1940 1» ' - J ' ' ' F- ' ' ·yeb P Hi 'S 1%1 73 · PO Ronald Reagan p ' · t · ' ' 1 ' Ron ld R I h i ' ''J c ' • r A 1 t ' Mo ' Xl 97 t • 9 n ·'$ rCt t n j1 fin-J l ltl l silU lioo A l oJcIY'c ne n c ' t'$ such h d finant tiil r ' t$e'5 last 'earf lOlI hI' tldn' h v p by now G rW Re119cHl had 1v fJ t 1 ••• _ l L r ' 2 tt l J - Wi Ronald Reagan LeVl1G tho Groundwork cor '76 r j · I r ' ' A ' ' l lfJ O -·· ·· Ron ld Re l J lll has f rhi -r JI f j 2 19i f ' - p'U ic ly dO' · 'l f adid the 'N al ' qil 1t1 s l n j Jl in d lI ' fes erledly d fE n-d e d P ' 'S I c i r 1 NIl on hl l op ack' s rs are lmal ely uI9ln9 cool d e ac n m n 197 1 5 lJ Reagan I Fcrd I i ·r·'· ·h · - h'r ·r' l i· ' 1- F i ' I· Apli O 1975 'Und r lod4 $ COnd 1-CM R 'ldl d ROd all wO'i d l p d l g lt lum Ihe i3 suulhern d uordlJl t t g jmf t Gef hJ R FOI · ••• J lin - J yo nf l fJ l'1 ' Wi 'l fj r TiME M g J z inO • Time Inc tl rho' • r_ 10 ' -'t h ' 1 gE' Nf n T 1f Ivl§ 9 'i t ' I V-' _ Ufl - T wLt'J'9 yg I 8Jl1 Reagan L9 sl -j ' · 1 e l ' Mar 8 1 -76 to R n l ld Reatj lH' h ad q lJ'1rt er in C'Jnr ord's riin JJ' f' ''Ii H l 5 LU High J Hotel cO l1 fi d n udi' 'I iL1ctl lled several i - on E i f AJ m ad n bl t1 de b ancs •• I1 J l h Jul' S_ l' LL 1 IC - ·I ¥ _ l ' l L · i i' oJE hh5 zl ne · TIme Inc - UNCLASSIFIEDhTO OFFl61AL l ISE ONLY 369 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOflFOft OFFICIAL tlSE ONL' ' The oldest newspaper articles I saw are from the Public Register or Freeman's Journal dating back to 1763 Edinburgh Advertiser to 1772 the Times of London to 1788 and the Daily Universal Register of London to 1786 You can read articles in British newspapers about the upstart American colonials and follow the war news up to a report on November 30 1781 in the Edinburgh Advertiser that news arrived off Cape Charles Virginia on the 24th of October when we had the mortification to hear that Lord Cornwallis had proposed terms of capitulation to the enemy on the 19th This intelligence was brought us by the pilot of the Charon and some other persons Who came off from the shore If that doesn't make you salivate nothing will Yahoo News http news yahoo com Yahoo Advanced News Search http news search yahoo com newsfadvanced Yahoo News is one of the most impressive news sites on the Internet In fact it is my favorite news search site Yahoo News crawls over 7 000 news sources in 35 languages In each topical section Yahoo News offers the option of viewing all articles from a specific source and access to the full-text articles The news sources include major news sources that require registration or personal information to access some or all of their news but which are accessible via Yahoo News including but not limited to The New York Times The Washington Post The Los Angeles Times Baltimore Sun Chicago Tribune Agence France-Presse AFP The Guardian UK Canadian Press CP BusinessWeek Forbes Motley Fool The Deal News from the wire services Reuters and the Associated Press is stored for two weeks News from other sources is usually stored for one month although for some providers it could be as little as seven days Yahoo News search now includes results from blogs as well as from traditional news sources When you search using Yahoo News you get results from blogs the Flickr photograph sharing site and links from My Web 2 0 Beta a Yahoo social search 370 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFlelAL liSE ONLY property that encourages grassroots reporting Traditional news source results appear on the left side of the screen and the new blog results on the right NewsResults G ot f edbatk I Sugge3t a Site Alsotry il lg constitution irilll election hag war More Full Coverage' World J tailAlchive • YVQ ld ' h 111 • World AntiWar Mllvemeot '8lQt t l ' 1 Rice defends policy on IraqEi3 10 191'2005 Soldier Killed' Re'JtDrs VI Yailoo l I I W$ 2 minlJles 190 Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice sought 10 reassure critical tswmakers on Wednesday that the Bush administration haifa strategy in lraq thatwould assure hill QPerali IliCIQ Y· Anlerican fOfl S$ Information Service - H w Artfde$ I 10011 ·• J 11 minute ilgO Washington oct 19 2005 A u S soldie a 2 Rice won't sov If US troops will quillrag i nj Ovears AFF' via Y hoo N ws 29 mir ul s ago US Secretary of State Condoleflzza Rice refused to speculate on whether US troops would be out of haq in we or even 0 years Quarter of Iraq Vets Have Hg Uh Prob @m C lJt$iclJ The a ltNBv I hour 34 minutes ago A new survey reveal that more han a QIJ •• 3 Rice Wants toFollow Afghan Model in Iraq 'S P via 'filhoo J YNS 2 hoUts 14 minulCf ago Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on Wednesday outlined a strategy forhelping Iraqis clear outinsurgents and build durable national institutions as she sought to reassure jillel members ofCongress about the palh 10 peace in haq a 2fidl J5iT GJ '£EJ - 81 Q 9 04 am Bice outlines slrale l¥ of 'clea Free He J JJle-xican 2 hours 47 minute s 'Igo WASHINGTON - Secretary of State Condolee Yahoo Advanced News Search offers many options including date location language and source limits To limit your search to a specific source using Advanced News Search scroll down to Source and enter the source e g Los Angeles Times Users can also search by source or site in the simple search screen as follows Limit a search to a specific news source using the syntax uri inurl or source url nytimes com or inurl nytimes com or source new_york_times Yahoo News also lets users Sort results by date or relevance Search on headline or title word to see exact title headline matches headline iraq UNCLASSIFIEDItFOR OFFlelAL liSE ONLY 371 OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFl6IAL USE OP4LY Search on headline before each of multiple keywords to search for titles that must contain all selected words headline mideast headline peace Use parentheses to search for headlines that contain at least one of your selected words headline mideast headline peace Enter phrases to search for titles that contain a specific terms headline mideast peace Limit a search to a specific U S state or a country Iocation ny or location germany These queries can be used in combination as well as alone or with keywords Pandia Newsfinder http www pandia com news Pandia's newsfeed is powered by Moreover which means the number of sources queried is huge and includes the usual- The New York Times AP Reuters BBC the Washington Post ABC MSNBC-as well as the uncommon-Financial Times Stratfor Wikinews and more Use the Pandia News Extended Search on the pulldown menu for a greater number of news sources Pandia Newsfinder is like everything else at this excellent Internet search site easy to use well organized and high quality In addition to news search engines there are some excellent sites that offer one interface to many news search sources These are some of the best HavenWorks http havenworks com news search Don't give up on this resource just because HavenWorks has one of the ugliest most cluttered webpages you'll ever see HavenWorks lets you use some of the best news search engines from one page AltaVista and AlltheWeb News both use Yahoo News sources Google News Daypop news and blog search and Rocketinfo only five days worth Unfortunately Moreover no longer permits individual users to search from its home page so the HavenWorks' Moreover search is no longer operational Havenworks also has some excellent news search tips and specialized news searches if you can find your way through the maze of clashing colors and general untidiness JournalismNet http www journalismnet com As its name implies JournalismNet is designed primarily as a tool for journalists 372 UNCLASSIFIEDItFOR OFFICIAL t JSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIiFOR OFFICIAL l JSE m LY Journalism Net's international newsfeed is powered by Moreover but it's not designed for searching Jnet provides links by country and region-North America Europe and Africa-to the respective newspapers news archives television radio etc There are also links to search tools people finders fact finders newspapers magazines TV radio etc The site is very heavily oriented towards tutorials-lots of how to pages which are very useful NewsNow http www newsnow co uk NewsNow offers a newsfeed that automatically updates itself every five minutes from news sources around the world NewsNow is a UK resource that provides constant news monitoring of nearly 22000 worldwide sources on a large variety of topics From the home page users can select a specific newsfeed from top-level subjects that include hot topics business finance industry sectors IT Internet current affairs and regions The newsfeeds are listed by new in the last 5 minutes 10 to 15 minutes old 15 to 30 minutes old and earlier articles Although earlier articles from the same or previous days are available NewsNow is primarily a current news source not an archive NewsNow also offers a free simple search that is quite good All sources are clearly indicated both by the name of the media outlet and by a national flag of the source's home country Almost all the articles are in English though I have seen a few non-English language articles on occasion NewsNow is a great resource and is one of the best breaking news sources because of the automatic updates the number and quality of news sources the fact it does not require registration payment and because it has no ads NewsNow will not display properly in older versions of Netscape ' _ ·7 Hon I 4 ND mlmJlilht qA leg Be ckha m r- eu Phrase artJi Jes r this newsfe e d m nt hin and full s n I thr o l'il _ h i WijIHU I Ol lf i ' f@ jlitiij§t i l l4 'fJ $ R$I N Hot Topics 1 5 Business Fina nce 45 Industry Sectors 44 ' iif ift§fk m i c Japan announc es plan to ta ckle birdflu outb reak U Mt m g hM'tMttM i J B I A u I lf Juhs 7 na on h uma n ri Qht s and trad e is su es The 5 £J I China report s ne w outb rea k of bird flu e alings ' az tte MOl'lton l 17 13 wiiq j H nQ c r' l1f ls '·d· ofd ' h 0dl'J r l7 Ma sk s as u e e nse 1 ·No l - 0 5 raw scorn l ifC' l r l a l SO L -No -r r Mamm itis It areeter risk I S bird flu st rain T h'i O I I r d r p b I l a m utdt s i • J rd n unllr lt 1 J CJO l l - ·o li U J ti N t y' m dlcate s g§ A Flu Pandemic I s d¢t U J L - ·I v - O J 2 eiFttltmfiiUi4§

iUln liib lGM§lnH til i ttgL#¥fu_ ' I ln101 3il _ ' I 93 Show Axed M er Bird Flu Warn ing $ 'uttl T ¥ 'le' d hield Gazette 17 02 I Bonglc ok hes first human ca se of bir d fl u J 0 e t Revealed Irel and 's plan s for coping w it h bir d fl u The r im e -s H B ' J- 'edio I I'l t 2 1 a 1 -H · l 5 J J 53 Po oe ye s KFC to rqe plans in case of bird flu outbreak PR We y lr S6 9 1 ' I i 2 i sSaJ scie ntists E 5 Tyso n's Chicken We ighs in o n Ayian Flu Thre at TvP C B 6 §I PreparinQ the public for a ma j or disast er like l T 49 Internet t1 ICurr ent Aff air s 2 Regions l 02 Sport 47 Footb all 170 us S 134 ports £J £J I J Enterta inme nt 37 f 1 l J liinJi i 16 5 6 § M di llnternationa' Technology Inc Announces Sale t o Chin ese Dis t rib ut e r to h m lo pe ff ediob rlt t w rk Fr- lss R It - S 16 55 I I Pa ll re vea ls fas ter vaccin e pro duction met hod for a vian f lu No s 1 43 Avant Stock Clim b s on Bird Flu tnitieti ve ' 'N5 ' 16 3 stud y sho ws bird flu viru s mut at inlJ Reutl 'ro 16 3 5 Vie tnam § pandem ic Lr s 't w s l'J ul L ·I iO v· O II Ten pro vinces and citi es report bird flu outb r u k s '-' i tl' NJIT t l j 9li ' l D r a-ne v-05 e l Human e ird nu Cases and D aths So Far Country r l i clo l t w S T o d lr ' 14 0 J 1 ' - tl N '-C 5 Sf' Ylif41ioliitiWftf • de e nixeqtobet corn 1 7 21 j lfiF n ij ih iti rm rtfiiiiiiiiiWiii 44 II m 1 HSNl rnutetle n app ea rs close r $ f_ Multiple issues to g l eet president on Asia t ri p S l D ll gO Ulli o-T t t H Calif'lITli J r e z e f§ ni ate s a not he r possible $ WHO set to inve stioate poss ible bird flu death cese of S Pll Q C' i1 ' J ' 1 1 'H 'O Climat e Chan ge Could Sprea d PlaQue Scientists c omm on Dreems 16 21 ' dd 'of wftsl 16 13 13 - 1- ' I -0 NewsNow's Bird Flu News Page UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFIOIAL 1 J5E ONLY 373 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE et LY Topix net http www topix net Topix gained a lot of attention and new users during the past year Here are some of its features It indexes more than 10 000 news sources mostly US but not all It has more than 360 000 topically based pages including world news pages on virtually every country It offers a live newsfeed of the news stories Topix is indexing at the moment It has a large searchable database It offers perhaps the best local US news aggregation and search available I've not seen better Toplx tweaked its news ranking algorithm during 2006 producing much better results for top stories than in the past Topix also added two new features during 2006 that have elevated it at least in one regard ' You are supposed to be able to search using capitalization which has sadly become a rare search feature The only problem is that Topix 's new feature is not working properly or consistently I tried a number of variations and the results were inconsistent For example a search on ICon contrasted with icon or Icon worked but searches on ZIP zip Zip were unpredictable This feature needs more work However the archive function works just fine Here is a search for Hurricane Katrina and you can clearly see by the blue graph the peaks and valleys of news stories on Katrina In order to see the news from earlier times users simply need to click anywhere along the timeline 374 UNCLASSIFIEDJlIRQR QlRlRlCIAb YSIi Q b¥ DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIIicL 1 J5E ONLY • u ht V' n t lofR Ihunicane katrine Enter tOPIC it ' lIP 0' It' ' WI News Search hurricane katrina tno Mj sjng In New Orleans henasnt neara nom 1 01'1111'0 smUi 8uI1clay Tlll llso l ' 8eptemMr t $CUQQ In qew ' l ' lI1c dxr af fl Hwr f e Kilillnll 4 Wo 0li tt'lii j' J Jil RHk aM Roll HBII off arnet Fals Domino was i lC ' PI8$ den18ush's ddfess cActustn L wn Ih€ IJ8iSDrIC i sW eS Mh BIR IM't uil whO liVed thloU h nd UJil a cg'fS ar amon llt st ars lfho have iqn d lj-p r r I-tiUnkane 1 bii f H ' f coneHI K lltil1 G 811 Do' Usl' Ll' jj UIS The archive feature is very significant because finding and accessing news older than the past 30 days is usually both hard and or costly until Google News Archive Search showed up Most news sources require at least registration and often payment to get their archived news Topix will find news from up to one year ago but what you can actually read for free and without registration is hit or miss For example I had very good luck with Washington Post stories but not so much with the New York Times CNN was perfect I was able to find and read all the CNN stories I tried from last year somethinq you cannot do at CNN itself However I found that the Restrict to Source cnn option did not work well whereas the Restrict to Uri cnn com option worked perfectly Also I recommend selecting No Blogs if you only want to search news sources UNCLASSIFIEDYlFOR OFFlelAL tis ONLY 375 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNF8R 8FFlClAL l ISE mlLY Advanced News Search SE ' Hh f- I iro qq- -- - you can search news on Iy I e IOll S dIC ' IrNo- SI'-o gs - PIl H I rt n U 1 knn com f eTTf e l 'f l r • · Ij y C- lfl t rJ IFm SS6IchTopt c net I 1 1i use uri instead of source I - - -_ _- -- - Despite the fact that the capitalization search is not yet working properly the fact that the archive search is working makes these Topix upgrades important and valuable to researchers In short Topix is a good entry into the news aggregation archive search and email alerts arena For those who can use email news alerts Topix makes it very easy Just click the email alert link on any topical page to get related results delivered either daily or weekly In case you're interested Google News has an as it happens option for news delivery http www qooqle com alerts something Topic needs to add http www daypop com Daypop Don't forget that Daypop is also a news search site and draws from a large number of international news sources Daypop's Advanced Search lets you limit your search by time from three hours to two weeks by language all or one of a dozen and by country Daypop is one of the few news search sites that caches news stories so you have the option of viewing the stored copy http www wn com l Worldnews Worldnews is one of the best international news sources offering the option of searching in English or one of 20 other languages Worldnews also presents separate home pages for many world regions e g Arab World News as well as specialty news searches by topics such as business politics and science 376 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR 8FFlClAL l ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOh'FOR OFFISIJ b U8i ONLY Technology News Sources There are many fine telecommunication news sources on the web so I will limit my discussion to a few of the best Users can now subscribe to the all of the following publications' technology feeds and blogs without registering at the various websites Look for the RSS Atom feed icon '1 at the news websites TechNews com http www washingtonpost com wp-dyn technology The Washington Post absorbed Newsbytes to create TechNews which offers current headlines technology news by topic biotech telecom software Internet etc and breaking technology news off the wire from Reuters The site now requires free registration but both Yahoo News and Google News let you read full-text TechNews articles without registering For both Yahoo News and Google News the search syntax is source washington_post keyword Because of the way the Post names its links I have not been able to come up with a unique keyword to limit the query to TechNews articles only The best way to find them is to use the author's name or a word from the title http www techweb com TechWeb TechWeb is part of the CMP Technology Network a huge enterprise that publishes InformationWeek EE Times and Windows Developer magazines TechWeb does not do original reporting instead it compiles the latest technology news from around the world and updates the website continuously TechWeb is one of the single best sources of technology news on the web it and all other parts of the CMP network are fully searchable http www wired com Wired News Wired News part of the Terra Lycos family has always been known as a slightly edgy site and there is no doubt their original tech news features are among the most popular and sometimes controversial on the web Wired doesn't only cover technology but brings in all aspects of our wired world culture business and politics as well as technology Wired also receives breaking news from AP and Reuters New York Times Technology News http www nytimes com pages technology index html UNCLASSIFIEOfll e el l lelAL l JSE ONLY 377 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIelAL use er4LY Consistently a leader in technology news The New York Times' feature writers include John Markoff and David Pogue The Times also publishes the best tech stories from the wire services I consider the Times technology section a must read to stay abreast of significant developments and to find in-depth articles on topics others deal with superficially http theregister co uk The Register If you like irascible journalism check out The Register from the UK Their slogan biting the hand that feeds IT -says a great deal about the tone of the site However The Register is known for gutsy original reporting and is unafraid to take on controversial topics in a straightforward way They are often cited and quoted by other sources One of my favorites http news zdnet com ZDNet News One of Wired's major competitors is ZONet News part of the vast CNET network In addition to original reporting and features ZONet News offers news by section wired and wireless security IT management web technology personal tech etc Newsfactor Network http www newsfactor com The Newsfactor Network does both original reporting and compilations of technology news from many sources Newsfactor has many special sections such as a superb Enterprise Security section data management tech trends Internet life among others 378 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAb bJ8i QNb¥ OOClO 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDilliOK OIiFlelAL USE Ot LY Telecommunications on the Web PTTs and Private Telecommunication Providers Researching Public Telephone and Telegraph organizations PTTs and major private telecommunication providers both national and international is at the heart of much telecommunications research and most providers as well as the growing field of private telecom companies are coming on line with websites The hard part can be finding them Fortunately several fine websites have compiled lists of links to both public and private telecommunication companies Bandwidth Market Telecom Links http www bandwidthmarket com c omp onentloption com weblinks ltemid 4 I BWM's links pages offer an exceptionally fine collection of telecommunications related information The site includes a hyperlinked list of telecom operators alphabetically by country This page makes it extremely easy to see which telecom companies opera te in which country and go directly to the company pages The site also has an impressive hyperlinked list of over 200 telecom manufacturers from around the world listed alphabetically These are the categories and number of links at BWM 's site • • • • • u Analyst s and Consultants 5 i Associa nons and Organizarious Genel' d 6 Gov nunenl Siles 6 Internet E -' fh lIIg €'S U Intern e t Telep hony l • M l lS u • • • • 3 2 16 Sj Satellile Telecom 26 Telecom Manufacturers 103 Telecom Operators 1Ii -4 Telecom Publications 1 53 Tele com SL'm d u ds 16 ITU's Global Directory of Regulators select Regulators for PTTs http www itu intlcg i-b in htsh mm scripts mm search The ITU's Global Directory may be the most authoritative source of PTT's available The site lists all members and can be searched by country company or organization The site may load slowly UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFIeiAL USE ONLY 379 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOr'lFOR OFFIelAL USE e'4LY TIES MAin PJlte II Q I Em i1IGD M p Wed Jan 24 15 3B 16MET2007 Search II RP ult ot your cear cn Regufators I rru Glohal Directory Jti di pl ytohl 1 r ·li -J - ' ADMIN RELATED I REGULATOR MAINZ ADMIN v o-r i YEREVAN I REGULATOR ADMIN RELATED I REGULATOR World Wide Web Telecommunication Resource Center http home planet nl -wvhwvh teletop htm Country Index for Major PTTs PTOs and Major Service Providers http home planet nl -wvhwvh countidx htm The World Wide Web Telecommunication Resource Center has a separate listing of over 300 links to PTTs and major service providers in 120 countries This site was last updated in 2004 but much of this information has not changed Goodman's International Telecom Companies http www gbmarks com html international html Another excellent source is Goodman's International Telecom Companies which lists and links to telecom and telephone providers and authorities for each country alphabetically Finally I suggest you stop by a website maintained by the American University's Management of Global Information Technology program Each semester students prepare descriptive and analytical reports on all aspects of one country's information technology Be aware the reports vary in quality but every report is worth reading if only for the bibliography and links to other websites The best reports as judged by 380 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL SE ONLY D OClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL US er4LY the instructor on IT Landscape in Nations Around the World are indicated with stars Information Technology Landscape in Nations Around the World » January 20 06 a new tr oo of reports is now complete and the Bestn Reports w it h a red st ar are liste d Welcome to the database o f I nf ormat ion Co mmunicat ion Tech no logies r c r In na tions The sit e now e nc ompasses IC T rep orts co vering mo re than 80 nations plus s everal w hite p a pe rs on spe cial Intern atio n al l eT to pics 0 i L 1 t' 1 t h hl l I09Y r d o J f l t'' ' pl a ' s ' ft fI ' J · U1I-' tr· n ' l as r c-cr ' - · n of le h ne l J ' oo ersp a ru e s OW' 't rT d ·l ' ' ·f o n U a bout ta ke a 1001 a t the svnabus The best r eports In t he respective semesters are listed be te w a nd are marked by o ne '¢l o r t wo t a rs c' pl' t d l Ol llIn National Landscapes of Informat ton T e ch nolo g y IT E c • 5 Spring 2006 One sta r t o Sing ap ore a n d Is ra ot Fa ll 2004 Two sta rs to the Wh ite Paper on Ass ociations One sta r to Bu lgari l Spring 20 04 Two st e r-s t o e otswene One star to lreq • C' if l h f' h er e C' lt · u in' h 1 S o m t ' S ' r 2001 Two sta n to Latvia A n n ti n a Te ch nolo01' Pa rks One sta r to Est onia Cyber Cities 20 00 Two sta rs to sta r to Cu ba UAE eeceee- One 19 99 Two sta rs to Egypt p hil npines One st ar to Roman ia Fi 1I1998 One ster to Colum bia Spr n g 1998 One sta r to e hene b nco d l- iq h · co s t e co n o rrue s te ce ntl ud ou t k -l-evet Ie bc r nt l n$l iOf' 'oII - 1 l o d · i Opf1'l H't J o k to e amc rue s I f lo v-co t N lp 'Jf l rlp in'ti t j C' r '5 I' t J ''' '- L 5 ' ' ' ' ' » C O Ii' pl t d com p lete d 03 0 6 2002 Two sta rs to Cost a Riea Finla nd One star to GUeitema la Hong Kong Kore a Polan d d 'lin • Hrr·loU fo r ccm c eo te s i The re port s were created by stude nt s In t he co urse Jat Q n s Poliry an d lr form tia n recbnol oov This is a 2nd yea r MBA cou rse offe re d within the IT Depa rt men t in the Koc od S chool of 8 usine ss at Ame rican Unive rsity Was hington D C USA P 'ofec s Err r Ir me tea ches thrs course o utso ur cin q to Me xico ' ' ' ' • r 1It p le t e d 1 2 03 f all 2003 One star to Sweden Syn a South Africa Pa nam a and the White Pap e r on Offsh orfl Sprin g 2003 VIet U6m One- st ar i'o l ' 'ltoiSl ol n l ' To see what this clas s is L I I I ' 'U I t 1 _ · nlplb t d 12 04 below Com plet o1 d 1 2 04 ' ' C om p r te d 0 3 06 Co m p le ted O 06 Itln 1 t'· 111 · 1 k l D ' 'N f o pf' lca Ul a l 't lT r a be n ot hg t al f c r c ' Jr t7 i f em Co mplete d 03 0 6 Completed 031 04 fl n c·rn p tee t ol' · I ' I I' _ L L 1 I U ' ' ' r ' I c ' t d Com pl e t e d 12 04 'r' 0 M hl tuf l ctulI g 0 ' lr ' n ' J · ·e- t r g l t · t l' lI i - l cq - t e Co m p l ted 03 0 6 ' Co m pl e t e d 1 2 0 4 121 03 it i hfl ed us I- t g c·f f udit h id Co m p le t llld 03 04 - 1 1 Co m pi crtllld 1 2 0 4 Compl t ed 0 3 0 3 ' ' ' Co' 'p'l et e d 03 04 C o m p lliilte d 0 3 03 t '· Co ' p l llt ll d 12 0 4 C o m p lcto d 0 3 0 4 C o m p l t d 0 3 03 Co mple t e d 0 3 0 4 C o m pl e t e d 1 2 0 3 12 0-' $ Dt lo lop ir oJ n atlcr s ne w I tI lI e 1 ip · flf I1 · fo r l eT Wh'l' · ' ·I p p i ie r ·t ' lI llll ' I' t l0 n ' n- I T P I OJ t n ft 'n ne d Cl f' orrl' ' 3r HTl u n iC lll o n odd c -eetlv b€n i h co m p' Jt e IS d a t e b as es a nd o th I t T - l lltla t e d CO IT pOI' nt •• Complotod 0 3 0 3 IT Landscape in Nations Around the World http www american edu academic depts ksb mogit country html Telecommunications Directories Analysys Telecoms Virtual Library http www analysys com vlib Analysys Telecom Virtual Library has over 8000 links to international telecom sites The links can be browsed by topic or searched by keyword This site is one of the best for finding international telecom providers of all types LIDO Telecom Web Central http www telecomwebcentral com secure links One of the best directories of telecommunications information on the web LIDO offers an easy to use directory or internal search for full range of telecom topics LIDO Telecom Web Central is a searchable web directory covering such telecommunications topics as applications IT technology companies regulations and UNCLASSIFIEDIlFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY 381 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOUFQR QFFICIAb Yil Q lbY research resources The impressive directory is kept fairly current and contains thousands of links Computer and Communication Entry Page http www cmpcmm com cc The Computer and Communications Entry Page has great links to companies mostly in the US but some international It's also an excellent source for standards as well as for programs and projects The site is internally searchable and once again appears to be up to date Goodman's Bookmarks http www gbmarks com Goodman's Bookmarks have also been around for years and has undergone a major makeover Goodman covers such topics as wireless IP telephony vendors and international telecommunications providers In fact his list of international telecom operators is one of the best on the web providing links to the websites of almost all international telephone and telecom companies and organizations 382 UNCLASSIFIEOffli6ft 6liFICIAL USE 6NLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlOI fcL USE ONLY Radio Television and Satellite Broadcast Information Other useful sources of telecommunications information include sites devoted to broadcast radio and TV stations and to satellites Many radio stations around the world now have audio feeds to permit users to listen to them over the Internet and television is also making more and more of its content accessible over the Internet There are a number of excellent sites that will help you locate these stations and find out which ones have Internet feeds Communications satellites are often the primary source in many parts of the world that lack the infrastructure for terrestrial communications I have included a link to the Union of Concerned Scientists' satellite database which includes information not only on communications but also other types of satellites the UCS Satellite Database is a listing of operational satellites currently in orbit around Earth It contains only the official name of the satellite in the case of government and military satellites and the most commonly used name in the case of commercial and civil satellites Radio Locator http www radio-Iocator com Radio TV and Satellite Links Live Radio http www liensutiles org sat htm http www live-radio netlinfo shtml Radio Station World http radiostationworld com default asR Mike's Radio World http www mikesradioworld com vTuner http www vtuner com USC Satellite Database http www ucsusa org globalsecurity spaceweapons satellitedatabase html Heaven's Above Satellite Database SatcoDX Satellite Chart NASA's J-Track Satellite Tracking Small Satellites Home Page http www heavens-above com selectsat asp http www satcodx com eng http science nasa gov ReaITime JTrack http centaur sstl co uk SSHP UNCLASSIFIEDlIl 'OR OI 'F1el fcL USE ONLY 383 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED I ' QRQ IGIAL I ISE ONLY Research How Tos Finding People While searching for people remains one of the most popular and important Internet research projects it also continues to be one of the most frustrating It is also one of the most lucrative for businesses-legitimate shady or simply incompetent Sites that claim you can find anyone anywhere are all over the web Try running a search for the phrase search for people and you are likely to find these categories of results each of which has its drawbacks and most of which are so limited in some way as to be useless except under special circumstances pay services provided by individuals or companies everything from sleazy to legitimate PI services for-fee software net detective -type software free software this probably is a case of you get what you pay for links to a gazillion people finder websites It all boils down to this there are three basic types of information on the Internet useful in searching for people 1 information you must pay for 2 information you must register to get 3 information that is free While it is true you may have to pay for help and or information either to find a person or to retrieve information about a person it isn't always a case of you get what you pay for with people searches People are actually selling books with bloated claims and largely useless tips on looking for people Most of this so-called expert advice is worthless If you have searched for people on the Internet you've probably encountered some or all of the suggestions claims offers and outright scams from people claiming to help you find someone using the Internet Many sites will gladly take your money to search for people Some of these are legitimate companies with access to huge databases containing a great deal of personal information Some of these for-profit companies give you nothing more than a list of web links that in turn may only lead you to a 404 error In many many cases you end up paying for information that was freely available elsewhere on the web 384 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFIGIAL I ISi Q IL ¥ DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFeR eFFlelAL JSE miLY Internet researchers agree searching for information about a person is one of the hardest most frustrating types of research to perform especially when you're limited to using free resources that do not require registration The major reasons this is so difficult are 1 The decentralized nature of the Internet Despite what some people may fear there is no giant database out there where everyone's names and addresses are stored There are many many databases all independent of each other spread around the world Also there are as yet no reliable publicly available mobile telephone directories 2 How quickly the Internet changes Web pages come and go individuals frequently change email addresses and or service providers networks go up and down etc 3 Data about people is often found in the deep web In most cases the information is in databases that search engine spiders cannot crawl and index This means that in addition to traditional search engines we have to use other resources to search for people 4 People have become much more conscious of and careful about their personal information In the early days of the Internet people thought nothing of putting their contact information on their webpages using de-obfuscated email addresses in newsgroups the finger utility was still in use etc Today people are much more likely to hide personal information to protect their privacy and their computers from malicious hackers The Usual Suspects Round-up Debunking People Finder Lists I get really irritated at sites and people who proclaim how fast and easy it is to find people using the Internet Because you are going to encounter lots of bogus claims about how simple it is to find people via the Internet I thought it would be a good idea to go down the list of the usual types of sites recommended for people searches and discuss their advantages few and drawbacks many What follows is an overview of the usual sources cited as ways to find people and the problems with and benefits of each Sites that claim you can find anyone anywhere These are all over the web The bigger the hype the smaller the likelihood they are worth anything Approach with care and skepticism or better yet avoid altogether Big Directories Number one on virtually all search for people lists are large directories telephone andlor email They are usually disappointing What's the UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL 1 J5E ONLY 385 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY problem The big residential telephone directories on the web often come from printed directories that have been scanned in by companies who then make them searchable via the Internet Email directories are almost entirely made up of addressed culled from USENET newsgroups voluntary registration ICO users and sometimes web pages Other limitations to big phone and email directories are o o o o o they generally focus on the US maybe Canada too their sources of information are very limited people registering themselves or from trolling newsgroups they require you already know details about the person you're seeking they are woefully out of date and or their data is inaccurate Public Databases Public databases are similarly frustrating Almost invariably the public databases listed on people finder sites are US-based and many of the best ones require at least registration and even a justification of use if not payment I recommend you look for public databases in the country you're researching but expect to encounter similar problems In general public databases suffer from many of the same problems as big directories as well as having drawbacks of their own Public databases are wonderful sources of information if you are seeking such public records as real estate transactions lawsuits liens judgments bankruptcies fire arm transactions sex offenders motor vehicle registrations corporate records etc However this kind of research simply is beyond the purview of this book Other drawbacks of public databases are o o o o o o they generally focus on the US maybe Canada too they often require registration and or payment they tend to be restricted to specific types of data e g sex offenders or property records in a specific state they require you already know details about the person you're seeking they are out of date and or their data is inaccurate Private or Internal Directories These are not inherently bad but they are by their very nature extremely limited Many private directories belong to universities government agencies corporations and organizations If however you are looking for someone whom you know works for an organization or attends or s even an alumnus of a specific university these directories can be gold See below for details 386 UNCLASSIFIEDi1 Oft OfifilCIAL USE 6NL¥ DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEotJFeR eFFIOIAL USE aNL' 'r Genealogy Sites Genealogy sites always pop up on search for people lists-nice for generating your family tree but not usually pertinent for current research 'r Biographical Directories The big biographical directories are fine for one thing finding information about well-known and or successful people living and dead Otherwise they are useless People search lists always include links to celebrity searches However a few specialized biographical directories might prove useful 'r The US Census Census data for a number of different years is now online and searchable Again a great genealogy tool but probably not very useful for your research 'r Fee for Service Sites There are a myriad for-profit people finder websites on the Internet They may or may not be good but I am only discussing free products services and sites 'r Finger Finger is a UNIX utility that uses an email address to return information about the owner of the address Even today finger always seems to appear on people finder webpages but the fact is that the vast majority of sites disabled the finger command years ago for privacy and security reasons so it's basically useless 'r The MIT interface to the USENET Address Database USENET is still accessible via the old MIT interface I mention the MIT interface which contains over 4 million email addresses collected from USENET newsgroup postings between July 1991 and February 1996 only because it continues to show up on people finder lists However it's almost a decade old which may as well be a century in internet time Instead of wasting time on the MIT USENET interface why not go directly to Google Groups One reason MIT does not obfuscate email addresses Google now does so you might find an older but full email address in the MIT USENET database that is obscured in Google Groups MIT USENET Address Database 1991-1996 UNCLASSIFIEOIiFO http usenet-addresses mit edu OIiFICIAL tJSE ar4L'f 387 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOiiFOFt OlililelAL USE eNLY Recommended People Search Techniques Now that you have a pretty good idea of sites to avoid or at least not waste a lot of time on what kinds of resources are available to help you find people How do you find information about a person Here are some recommended steps to use in searching for people keeping in mind that there is no one way to do this and certainly no guarantee of success 1 Start a search for a person by name address email address phone number or any other uniquely identifying information using not one but several good search engines Google Yahoo and several foreign search engines as appropriate Common names will return too many hits to be useful so you must find some limiting query term to narrow down the search 2 Try to find the person in Google and Yahoo Groups weblogs and news stories using several high-quality news search engines 3 Try telephone email address and other lookups at a variety of online directories The quality of these directories varies greatly Be sure to look for directories specific to a city or country 4 If you know the person's profession you might find additional information about him in a database that contains such things as licensing information The US is very good about licensing all types of professions check other countries for similar information 5 Property ownership and transactions are carefully recorded in the US and many such records are publicly accessible This may also be true in other countries Look for such public databases of these records and transactions 6 If a person has other interests such as hobbies you may find more information about him at a site devoted to that sport or hobby especially if it's an unusual one 7 If you know where a person works that organization be it government academic or corporate may have a publicly accessible directory of its employees faculty students alumni or members 8 Check the ICO directory Instant Messaging 1M is popular worldwide 9 Whois databases contain information about thousands of people associated with the Internet It's worth a look The Whois databases maintained by ARIN APNIC AfriNIC LACNIC and RIPE are all searchable by name using their advanced search forms 10 Famous dead people are not the only ones listed in biographical directories If the person you're seeking is at all well known he might have an entry 388 UNCLASSIFIEOIIFQR QFFISIAL l ISE QNLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE OP4LY Recommended People Search Resources There is no Internet equivalent to the Rosetta Stone for finding people Searchers need a good set of bookmarks that include at least the following sites ICQ User Directory http people icq com whitepaqes Unlike AOL's AIM instant messaging system directory ICO's phone and email directory is publicly available listing more than 120 million users in over 245 countries The ICO User Directory's Advanced People Search is impressive You can search on as few or as many fields-including first last name nickname email address language phone number country occupation etc -as you wish While there are several interfaces to ICO search depending on whether you want to search by email address or phone number for example I recommend starting with the main People Search page and then going to the Advanced People Search for more options Google Groups http qroups gooqle com Not only is Google Groups much more user friendly than the MIT USENET interface it is also current including postings in almost real time Google Groups can be searched in many ways but for the purpose of locating people the Author search is exceptionally valuable However keep in mind that anyone can make up an alias change addresses and use other people's email so USENET postings are of real but limited value Also remember that USENET postings are one of the places where a sort by date works and makes sense because all newsgroup postings are date time stamped There are three basic ways to run an Author search important note Google Groups now obscures the userid in email addresses by inserting an ellipsis for privacy reasons however many obscured addresses can be easily guessed However if you know the author's full email address you can use search syntax in the main Groups Groups Beta query screen- author email address This will return all the postings associated with that email address Even if you do not know the full email address you can still see all the posting associated with one email address these instructions apply to Google Groups Beta o While viewing a specific posting click on More options next to the date o Select View profile next the author's From address o Google will automatically search for and display every posting from a particular address UNCLASSIFIEDtYFeft eFFICIAL l JSE eNLY 389 DOClD 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDNFQR OFFICIAL I ISE OtiLY Gougle tylembers- S IQO In Ne' users l2 Re e tly vW'od tl lI ' -J j U ' I - j Profile Search all1ho s pOt s TomiHasa LU I ' I' u 'U ill h B ll fl' lr l' 1 Flom T lll i H ' l fiio' DOlo W d • A ug 30 2006 8'23 arn I Nid rlolll1e tomihl $J l ot- t ou Finfi11d f'11 j hai latte'C OllaOn$ E 'a il odd • •• oml h @gmail com We brJt 01 810g t 1 E E£ MLa t51€'pil qt £t' M l n j b Re enl P S1 l Pon s in All 169 Group$ ·· 192tB m ages Cfl clal G e ne ' 1 G jJ9t forum t it lc g l i c rL 9 2 5 · 0· £ jli IJ G ovql'i FOrufC''- ' P an 2f2 lEG ' xr O 6 1 f l c· w Q IIC group S t u h li'luh Sc andmd' 1an £ha - - t t i' GJ1ii J Up S lm ' l 'l ' b ' l t-J r · J ' ' ce ' l U ij t l I mc rn- l1 3g o • J - fl ' 1 C 'fj j n rr c m tI1 _ - U o I l t f · rr cm n s ago - - - - - - ' il ' - - al O o' r fr t'l1S '190 ti m to mdk9 Qr 'l er s ¥ U wrthl u t gIO 'lAw r l l i 3CCecS 'ffi't' 1 f vC j p r r·r fl 'W ' 1- J _ _ _ _ - J1 - j ' ' ' Yahoo Member Directory - r' 1 ' 'V nl'l 1i 3 neurs ago ago 5 hii ll '5 http members yahoo com Similar to Google Groups Yahoo's Member Directory lets you view information about the registered members of its groups Some people provide a lot of personal data including their real name location age occupation and email address and sometimes even a photograph I am skeptical that you will find anyone of great interest unwise enough to provide this kind of data but it is worth a look Specialized Biographical Directories While the big biographical directories are virtually useless there are a few specialty directories that include the less than famous that you might want to know more about The Forbes People Lists include 400 Richest Americans Best Paid CEOs World's Richest People and the Midas List of the top investors in information technology and life sciences The Biography Center lists nearly 25 000 biographies total with almost 11 000 in English 6 000 in French 7 000 in German and 2 000 in Spanish The search form requires you to search in one of these languages there is no way to search in all at one time and the results are different for each There is also a Chinese Biographical Database containing 3500 biographies all in English Wolfram's Science World Biography includes famous and not so famous scientists living and dead 390 UNCLASSIFIEDliFO OFfllCIAL tJSE ONL I DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFlelAL tJSE ONLY Forbes People Lists http www forbes com lists Biography Center http www biography-center com Biography Reference Center from MacGili University http www library mcgill ca refshelf biograph htm Chinese Biographical Database http www lcsc edu cbiouser lSI Highly Cited Researchers http www isihighlycited com Wolfram's Science World Biography http scienceworld wolfram com biography Edgar Online Database There are several free search tools of SEC filings that allow you to search by a person's name or by a specific company name As of mid-November 2006 the users can search the contents of the disclosure documents filed electronically with the SEC using a new full-text search tool on the Commission's website The newly searchable information includes registration statements annual and quarterly reports and other filings by companies and mutual funds filed during the past four years on the Commission's EDGAR database This means users can search on names of people as well as companies SurfWax offers a wonderful tool using its LookAhead AJAX technology to search the SEC EDGAR filings for 2004-2006 This is a very flexible and powerful search tool and it permits searches on the names of individuals The Price Waterhouse Coopers' website now offers free full-text search of EDGAR filings which means it can search on names Even though others have said this query tool is slow my trial searches ran fairly quickly My impression is this is a remarkably powerful tool especially given it is free and does not require registration Make sure you use the link below to access the advanced search of the free service Search the SEC's Edgar Database http searchwww sec gov EDGARFSClientljsp EDGAR MainAccess jsp SurfWax SEC Search http lookahead surfwax com edgar EdgarScan Advanced Search http edgarscan pwcglobal com servlets advancedsearch 138 SEC Enhances Online Search Capabilities for Investors SEC Press Release US Security and Exchange Commission 14 November 2006 http www sec gov news press 2006 2006-190 htm 20 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDill 'Ofit Ojil 'IelAL USE ONLY 391 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR Ot t leIAL USE Of4L'f University and other organizational phonebook directories Such directories are usually very good sources of current information about personnel at a specific university in an entire university system employed by a company or working for a government agency Many universities use the PH system or WebPH which is a web interface PH PH is a UNIX-based Internet utility that lets you search for someone's email address if their email provider has a Ph server program The problem with these PH systems is that there is no reliable way to locate them even if you know the domain name of the institution However as with most things on the Internet there are lists of publicly accessible PH servers available in several places There are about 330 PH servers around the world currently on the PH server list which is accessible at various locations such as Queen's University Canada Drake University http www queensu ca cgi-bin ph lookup Query http alpha9 drake edu cgi-bin WebPh other ph servers University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey http www2 umdnj edu -webph cgi-bin WebPh do show others Your best bet for using some sort of internal directory successfully is to identify the university company or other organization including government agencies and locate the directory at that website Directory services are generally very popular so most sites will have a link to theirs prominently displayed on their home page If you don't see a link on the home page try browsing the site map Whois Lookups These should never be overlooked as a source of information about people All five of the Regional Internet Registries ARIN APNIC AfriNIC LACNIC and RIPE have Whois access that permits users to search on any of the database fields including the person object i e the technical or administrative contact responsible for the registration However keep in mind people lie all the time when registering in Whois databases so all information obtained from Whois entries must be validated using other sources To learn how to search the three identically formatted Whois databases see the instructions RIPE's documentation is the most thorough APNIC's the easiest to follow APNIC Whois Database Query Option http www apnicnet db search all-options html ARIN Whois Database Search Help http www arin net tools whoishelp html AfriNIC Database User Manual http www afrinic netldocs db afsup-dbgs200501 htm RIPE Database Reference Manual http wwwripe net ripe docs databaseref-manual html 392 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFleiAL USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL 1 J5E ONLY Weblogs Blogs may indeed mention people that traditional sources miss Blogs are better than traditional search engines for finding people whose names just surfaced in the news See the blogsearch section for the best blog search engines News Search Engines These are great for timely searching which means they may be the best source of information on someone who has recently gained his her fifteen minutes of fame As with USENET groups news searching is amenable to date time order because news stories unlike web pages have dates and times associated with them They are not generally good for historical research i e more than one to three months old There are numerous excellent news search engines detailed in the News Search Section Online Telephone Directories Telephone directories may be useful or merely frustrating Despite the drawbacks of many telephone directories some are quite good More and more cities and even whole countries are putting their white and yellow pages on line often with flexible lookups including reverse lookup Check a country's search engines and directories for listings of telephone directories Information on finding and using telephone directories on the web is available in the Telephone and Fax Directories section Email Directories While these remain spotty and often unreliable do not overlook this potential source of information that is growing and improving all the time Information on finding and using email directories on the web is available in the Email Lookups section Recommended People Finder Websites I have tried to give you some idea of the types of information and links you will encounter at people finder websites so you won't be surprised or become discouraged if they do not turn out to be all they claim Still you will have to sift through a lot of silt and sand to find the nuggets but they are there I think these are the best general sites for getting started looking for people Pandia People Search http www pandia com people I would start here One of the best web search sites for locating people Pandia Search has a terrific section on people search that includes both metasearch interfaces as well as many links to the best people finder resources UNCLASSIFIEDHj QR Qj F1CIAL 1 J5E ONLY 393 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY tt l'd '1 11 IUUI Plus_Web Directory Metasearch· Newslinder Radio Search Powersearch AII·in·One People Search People search resources and to ots Below we have categonzeo various people search oriented sites according to tnerne and interests Fino sites focusing on genealogy biographies public records home pages email addresses phone numbers and more We have included resources for the US and North America aswell 3$ for Europe and the UK 011 Palldia litfitjJi t¥4i§ Search this Site Panola FAQ Yahoo PBon B 'l hoOE m a Advanced Infospace Email Infospace Reverse Email Switchboard nteni I A ddl' 0$S Pinder Add URL Updates 'Nml J Emo 411 0 ale··· Search com Meta MESA 111 0 NEW USA People Search Email Change com NEW1 A ddresses com US mOI€L ClicK he e10 searCh theVVebfor people andnames l -_ _ _ r - Se nch fO ' People Reverse Phone No Search Natiol'lwide Yellow Pa es I WMhiRU29 Ultimate White Pages I I Search com Pe I f8 S8 Jlcll nel _ W '·'·' The Virtual Chase People Finder Guides http www virtualchase com topics people finder index shtml Another excellent web search site the Virtual Chase is devoted to legal research and as such its people finder guide focuses on US public records but includes reverse lookups white pages email directories and non-US phone books The first link will help you find online sources of public records and other people search tools The second link is to an annotated research guide to find sources of information about people as well as articles on people research Searchbug People Finder http www searchbug com peoplefinder Searchbug is a metasearch site with links to many resources but as with most such resources the most potentially lucrative are not free or at least require registration You are probably going to be disappointed when you discover that most of the links are to for-fee services Also the focus is distinctly US People Search Engines http www people-search-engines com This is a good metasearch site that searches some or all of multiple sources by name emait phcnaor address Tnls site typifies a respectable people metasearch 394 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDi liOft OlililellltL USE m LY site Unlike most people search sites this one also has an international page where you can query resources that are not limited to the US and Canada -search I engines com - - - ' A f l tH U'fJ 'lII- i ll sgm' Erm Illl1iU mm mlEll D llm ll maDlID IEt mi lI Ilml• Qiu'd_i N·'iiw giij·gf ilnm ' WliiH'Si'MilliMMi t itiiWOiuD' •••• links to books for purchase d ·d i l I- td - 1 ·d-p·h - · ' 'br r 5UN h r ''' JI ' f l I 'i 'f th' rfH U 1'l ' -Jn1i ' r ple· ' '- lrd'l @n-J€ 'l' -61 ' _ paid links to P PW ' 1 ndcuTho Jr I _ lCl WQ1 u e £I i f I' nff ofrtl tiJ m S 'Jtr Se- frjl €f ine' - I'nt See A l i S h d 1 11 ' ' l'H0'36_'5 I l btnr Infonnatlon l t edition Sc ' 1 mbQ f 1'5 ftH K'j1 l seari f '' -JN1Vi 'Y Price ubfKhcn fiido u t ICI - t ' J 'lr t hQH Authorl Chris 'S'1e -m JI l Gr I l l ISDN fO notice country limitations Unile-d Sretes FlU OhioPoopIe CiiI ad lUl 5 1 dl F Z Pearl ' Ohl' Ffee ron'l P J ' Othil - t 1 ' 6 F-ee nltJe The h f m 3 h ''J1 he'- ' ·3 ' oide- tc S u hinQ and RO Qo llId'lr Q c r th 1 Internet i ld 'lictld 'flidQ w h Author E'Tf' d' _ ' M tln t - lr h H ltrn SWD8IPd9 Publil he r AH ·c rrte-rrt ISDN1 18S 9 Q SS9 hb' l ll f l 2r d R vijl 't ttI1TtH j' J t _ CD I 11 t r ' '1 I l l1t1@ $ljp r 1 'Q1 r j The Onl r-e S r' 5 jt r W'llt 1iJdGfJ P t-'1 'f' '''T N r e qjlf H iop e USH l' RiI HI' I ' rJ Authorl M I 1 10 t tt IfII I Il llllll e _ In r e·l t raSp ' e-V 1 r- 'l 1fcrS _ a- - r S tch' Oafj E 3 1 rr- 'n ''' h ' ' Y typical list of people f'7s 'cI'tl ari·search engines r iN O' 1ere b'ni Itl'ronnutlonl P P 'Jjn - Y t 0 1 El'rlzil Peuste n-d r carnllmi r -f l 1 ddl' G' dpd 1 cd d ilj $l 95 'I l 'd ' - ' t le l' 'c- Fil PoopIe alld Rec6 d D lOn t l ' l J lrt l g- r t 'I' n PeopleFh lel colI find W l S 921' h I DH onO S3Jl Ydhuu Pi 0rrl 1' ' 'l m' -q 61'«r r f'rm'l PeopleSearch net http peoplesearch netlpeoplesearch peoplesearchdeluxe html This site is almost identical in the search engines it queries to People Search Engines but without the international option Zoomlnfo http www zoominfo com Zoomlnfo is a web summarization site that contains over 27 million summaries of people on the web According to its FAQ Zoomlnfo automatically and continuously grows its base of Web Summaries from corporate and personal websites government filings press releases and other public sources All information found by Zoomlnfo and used to create your Web Summary comes from public sources and can be found by anyone by using most major search engines like Yahoo and Google Zoomlnfo does summarizes that data and presents it in easy to handle small packages Zoomlnfo is integrated into A9 search see that section for details The Virtual Gumshoe http www virtualgumshoe com The Virtual Gumshoe provides lots of links to all sorts of investigative resources The site contains many interesting categories including gangs terrorists cults criminal UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY 395 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUFOR OFFIOIlAcL US OlqL i histories etc According to the site We provide links to every information source known to us that can be obtained on the Internet for free Some categories may list a professional company as a source for information which is not free This is merely an option when there is no legitimate source online known to us that provides the information for free And there are plenty of categories of information you are not going to get legitimately for free Search Systems Free Public Records Database http www searchsystems net With links to nearly 30 000 mostly free databases this is one of the most impressive of the people finder megasites What makes this site especially valuable is the large Worldwide section which is further divided into continents and regions Here is a snapshot of the Africa page and as you can see the vast majority of resources really are free - - - - ' ' __' _ _ ' _ _ W_ II 0 p esu pIli pe ge J Click ' lot Il£lll W _ W ' ' _ ' ' __ - ' ' J Y OI s e lI ch - - - - - 986 _ - - - - ----- 1 m e P Alk w Over 160Million Criminal and Sex Offender Records Sites Stb nt a l r C rtact ImmediateAccess at Search Systems Premium 5 · W b lJi dEtte­ 3 'trS a r y P k ' T tr 5 c1 5eI ·li tte I tl JtUo z Directory Worldwide Africa Please It 'IOu find ll'y ro eo ' r kS Web Sites ' fL - l' l lh£l hB 1t SI ' J ·' ' f_ l- '1 lelia· P l1ents Tr 4em 1Ik$ ' d' J£ ' ttl 9 1 'IJ ti ' J ' ' ' · r F ·fl ' i ArqeliJ l eg ll taft'hlt flU -1 if r' J Avi lthm olUl anies by ttMne I d ' ' ll ' lt i' O lf' A i atlon CI IUI''''llics by S o Ic e fJ 7t ¢ i · Avi ltion otllll lnies by T Jt f H lme l d V Ii 1'- Banks fQ r J ut r C6 J1te lup ol illY Ahictl Otltab'lse I r t ' · 'fi E9Y'Jt P ltents l Je ' f ' I w i ' f l Gh 1U l nU5 inf s I rt ' t P l j Kof lIYtl lo Frh tul s iiJf l Hp'••A r - ri ' ' ' ' Uhectory F ll1dly Kenya Vh one Ililti ctory ' r - Kot ItV 1 Yolluw Pa 19S I JC U'C I e-qallntorrn llian - Allllnla In 7 fir l '_ L lOth'lllnform l1iotl _ Benin F· ' I f flal 'nlorm llion Ho11 wan l'j 2 f' _ i 2 l 'I lllIlolIlI'lIlol1 • B Ulkill F o I V r ·t t-i t el ' 'nf llUU l i on · 8 ulUlt di ru - us v - Langenberg com Person Finder http person langenberg com This is an easy to use megasearch site that lets you query individual search tools from one page Resources include the Lycos' WhoWhere phone book Yahoo 396 UNCLASSIFIEDOFOR OFFICIAL SE ONb¥ OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHI-OR OI-FlelAL USE m LY members search Google Groups search ICO and Live Spaces still labeled as MSN Member Directory among others Public Record Finder Outside the US http www publicrecordfinder com outsideusa html Notable for its unusual nature this site lists a moderate number of international public records' resources Power Reporting People Finders http powerreporting com category People finders A site devoted to helping journalists this is a no-nonsense guide to realistic people searching No ads http www nettrace com au resource search people html People Search Sites This Australian site will try to sell you people search products but has an impressive list of free resources as well There are also many more non-US resources at this site for obvious reasons Deadline Online's People Finders http www deadlineonline com peoplefinders html Another good megasite with no ads A very clean interface and many useful people finder tools neatly organized by topic People Search Links http www peoplesearchlinks com This site is actually a directory with categories that include international search criminal searches phone address search public records searches vocations etc By this time you are going to start seeing the same resources again and again which should tell you that you're exhausting the free resources Miscellaneous People Finder Websites These are sources for finding people that do not easily fit into any category The Virtual Chase Criminal Records http www virtualchase com topics criminal records shtml This site has many links to Federal State and international online criminal resources including US government lists of blocked debarred or denied persons The Federal Bureau of Prisons inmate locator which contains records about federal inmates dating back to 1982 is now online and free Many state prison systems now have online searches for current and former inmates UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 397 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFeR eFFlelAL USE erliL' http www crimenet com au CrimeNet This Australian site provides information on criminals missing persons wanted persons and unsolved crimes in Australia The Black Book Online http www blackbookonline info Designed for use in legal investigations this resource has links to some potentially lucrative US databases From Crimetime com the Black Book includes unusual links such as a mail drop search form to find out if a legitimate looking suite number is in fact a PO box Many of the resources listed require payment Landings Certified Pilots Database http www landings com landings pages search certs-pilot html A database of about 600 000 pilots registered with the FAA who have a current medical certificate Updated monthly http www namebase org NameBase A review describes NameBase as an index of people influential in politics the military intelligence crime business and the media since WWII It started in the late 1960's when New Left activist Daniel Brandt began clipping magazine and newspaper articles and collecting investigative books about the power structure NameBase includes close to 100 000 names from approximately 260 000 citations The names are drawn from over 700 books and serials most books and articles come from a leftist perspective Many of the resources require payment but a basic search does not The site is worth a look because of the extensive crossreferencing of names from various sources and the Social Network Diagram available for each name mentioned Final Thoughts on Finding People Do not overlook search engines They may still be your best way of finding people on the Internet because they crawl the web almost constantly index vast amounts of data index everything on a website including names addresses phone numbers email addresses etc and they are fast and easy to use Also keep in mind there is a remarkable lack of overlap among search engine results so use a number of different ones or several metasearch engines in your search 398 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFeR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFeR eFFlelAL USE erdLY iJriP Web Tip Look for information in unconventional sources Sometimes calling codes and dialing information can come from unusual sources For example one of the best explanations of the arcane dialing rules and list of up-to-date calling codes for the CIS countries is located of all places at the Russian Bride website And why not After all these folks are running a business and must provide accurate information about how to contact their clients UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY 399 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOJlIPQR QlPlPlSIAb b1Se QNbY Using the Internet to Research Companies One of the main issues researchers face when looking for information about companies is there either seems to be too much or too little available data How is it possible to have both a superfluity and a paucity of information at the same time When it comes to businesses there is too much data that is not useful advertisements sale's pitches etc and too little of the kinds of data most researchers need details about ownership personnel products contracts etc However there are some good starting points for researching companies on the Internet and I have put together a set of tips and techniques to address this challenging topic But what about using free Internet resources to research companies Yes it can be done with success and sometimes there is information on the Internet that is not available anywhere else What follows are some of the steps I recommend for researching companies on the Internet using only free and non-subscription resources Those that require payment and or registration are not discussed here Company Research Guides Tutorials Several sites have excellent online tutorials and guides for how to research businesses Researching Businesses and Non-Profits on the Web http www ojr org ojr technology 1028068074 php From the University of Southern California's Online Journalism Review heavily USoriented Researching Companies Online http www earnwebskills com company Excellent tutorial that includes separate section on identifying international business resources Virtual Business Information Center http www vbic umd edu From the University of Maryland School of Business offers a segment devoted to international business and specific countries Virtual International Business and Economic Sources http library uncc edu display dept reference format open page 68 From the University of North Carolina Charlotte the site's emphasis is entirely international 400 UNCLASSIFIEOiiFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY Free Company Research Websites Two well-known company research tools have been available on the Internet since 2004 but both have severe limitations In the past the excellent Thomas Register's search tool ThomasNet was restricted to US and Canadian companies Thankfully in 2006 Thomas Register combined its search products into ThomasGlobal which still does not require either registration or payment to use ThomasGlobal is a search tool for international products services or company names and includes an option to limit a search by location and to browse by product service category ThomasGlobal http www thomasglobal com ThomasGlobal provides a brief company profile including links to any website contact and location information other headings under which a company is listed and a link to a product catalog where available w rw co n ThomasG l o b a l Sea rch » Detec t ors J3c Sen sc rs MtC'ro ' V ve Contact thi s Q ' f Iai q C o l1e a O 'J e a m e n Emerson Cuming t·1icrowave Products NV Nij v e rh eid sst ra at 7 A 2260 Westerlo Belgium TEL 3 2 0 1 4 562 500 FAX 3 2 0 14 562 501 Co n t a ct person Mevr Kate lij ne Berghs Engineer ed mat erials mfr microwave absorbers EMf shielding caulks elast omers 8 c oati ngs Low loss dlelec tnc rod Be shee t pro ducts Ab sorbe r dielec t ric Be shielding pro duc t s t o c usto mer spec s Employees 50 -9 9 Year Established 1996 1 ' ont act thi s co mpa nv -r-t- Also Listed Under • iJ bs ' b rs MH -row t ' • lI ntennas p lrc ra ft • 1I ntenn ' is CorrrrrJ Ul'llc t lon • -D 1 _ 'h J_9Yi 5L • 6 ntenna s Radar • A n te nnas Sdte lii te • AUl rl i 3 • Chambers Anectll jic • tE l_ WB El This is a very well designed tool and its global reach makes it extremely powerful and in fact invaluable for company research Virtual Chase Company Information Guide http www virtualchase com topics company information index shtml Virtual Chase provides an annotated research guide to sources of information about companies executives court records SEC filings news and even public opinion about companies The site also includes a number of articles on how to research companies UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR Qj j ICIAb YSIi g jb¥ 401 4046925 DOCID UNCLASSIFIEDIJ OROFFlSIAb l ISE ONLY Kompass http www kompass com Kompass business-to-business search is among the best international company search sites Users can search the huge Kompass database of over 2 million companies in 70 countries by products services or company name and limit the search to any combination of countries or world regions While users must pay for full company profiles searches are free and provide full company names addresses telephone FAX numbers website addresses and a full list of companies' products and services Here are the results of a search for integrated circuit in the Russian Federation which produced 97 hits KOHP4SS The Business to Business Search Engine Members Search for ' Products Services f Companies ·3 u ss·i Federeucn - lintegrated CIrcuit Seerch Sign In I lQ I J I Cor'editunits More se rch criter i 3 B t' 'J nJ r IJ Guided earch Company result list G full company HI r'I' ' p ofile - J a-mail web link s ho ase Catalogue map ceteco- hst 1 - 20 companies from a total of 97 Page 1 2 4 5 Premium suppliers full company profiles available nnqstrem- IP d Address Yaroslavl150049 vercstevl Region laussien Federation Other suppliers full company profiles only available to paying members ' F J S j'· P8 t' M h end Production Ent'3 -prl$e' 'u Moscow 105187 Moscow Russian Federation Irontute of control Screoces of the RASl 1 Moscow 117997 Moscow Russian Federation Don·Sep 'ice 8 Moscow 127521 Moscow Russian Federation 4r stn m Zelenograd 124460 Moscow Russian Federation Krrnovsk- redtoetektromekhamche skv zavcd KP EMZjt 1 Kimovsk 301723 Tula aecicn Russian Federation r·1ildndr J Moscow 123162 Moscow Russian Federation PhY$I S Reseercf end Prodccricn AS$' '' latlon tl Moscow 117587 Moscow Russian Federation Ped oprcm Moscow 105062 Moscow Russian Federation Soektr ' Leborerortve pechetnik hoi Penza 440001 Penza Region Russian Federation · 'atCcm J Moscow 107120 Moscow Russian Pederencn t ebedev Institute cf Fine reechen cc r rj ccrocuter Eoglne r1ng J Moscow 119991 Moscow Russian Federation Research Institute of rocteculer Electronics and Hrcron Plant C'Mikron J Zelenograd 124460 Moscow Russian Federation voskhcc Kaluga 248009 Kaluga Region Russian Federation fo- a11J9' Redro T'JD' ' PI 5ntd zelencqred 124527 Moscow RUSSian Federation Fr t· vj 1 1d·' roEHS ZeJenograd 124575 Moscow Russian federation No scow State Institute or Erectroruc 'rechncloov TeochnlC l1 UOI' €'rslt d Zelenograd 124496 Moscow Russian Federation Pechetnve cret- leslQI1 and Icmentet PI nt J Procucuon A s IdlOn Saint Petersburg 190103 Leningrad St Petersburg Russian Federation Smolensk 214020 Smofensk Region Russian Federation Moscow 125481 moscow Russian Federation t n t _ I t '1 n • 1 J Advertise I sobscnoc I Order credit units I Product5 I Lenquaqe s I rrews Contact us I AtOl t Kampa e2001 xcmc ass Il ompc Lt-j 1t m s OJ c·J dit ioils I Ad 1 Uild Hf vcur C Hllf·- llr The Scannery I Ad xhe k r'lf Ht' $'-1 1 to i'·lUt $it ' http www thescannery com The second tool is much harder to use or at least that is my experience Called The Scannery it is a database of more than 12 000 public companies around the world organized by country and sector The database contains many types of documents including HTML PDF PowerPoint Word and more The Scannery also offers many search options including boolean operators wildcards fuzzy matches synonym searching etc Sounds great doesn't it The only problem is it's royally confusing and the results are often completely puzzling For example an unlimited search on IBM brings up as the top three hits QLOGIC Cable Wireless and Synopsys but 402 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE 6NLY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL USE or L not IBM Why Because according to Joseph Pols the developer of The Scannery not all companies allow their websites to be indexed Therefore the only results would be those documents on other websites which contain the search phrase However even given this limitation The Scannery is a very useful tool Most companies do permit indexing so chances are the ones you are researching will be accessible via The Scannery The problem usually isn't too little information but too much For example an unrestricted search on alcatel brings back more than 3100 hits When I limit my Alcatel search to France I get a more manageable 74 hits Keep in mind that what you are seeing is any mention of your query term in any document indexed by The Scannery so my search for Alcatel will return not only documents from the Alcatel sites but also documents at other company websites that mention Alcatel The Scannery has a related site with the on-so-clever name TimBuckOne TimBuckOne will permit users to choose a country then choose a specific company in that country and then search that company's website However TimBuckOne requires free registration in order to use SEC's Edgar Database Search the SEC's Edgar Database http searchwww sec gov EDGARFSClientljsp EDGAR MainAccess jsp SurfWax SEC Search http lookahead surfwax com edgar EdgarScan Advanced Search http edgarscan pwcglobal com servlets advancedsearch There are several free search tools of SEC filings that allow you to search by a person's name or by a specific company name As of mid-November 2006 the users can search the contents of the disclosure documents filed electronically with the SEC using a new full-text search tool on the Commission's website The newly searchable information includes registration statements annual and quarterly reports and other filings by companies and mutual funds filed during the past four years on the Commission's EDGAR database 139 This means users can search on names of people and companies SurfWax now offers a wonderful tool using its LookAhead AJAX technology to search the SEC EDGAR filings for 2004-2006 This is a very flexible and powerful search tool and it permits searches on the names of individuals SEC Enhances Online Search Capabilit ies for Investors SEC Press Release US Security and Exchange Commission 14 November 2006 http www sec qov news press 2006 2006-190 htm 20 November 2006 139 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlGlAL l JSE ONLY 403 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEO FOR OFFIGlAb aSE ONbY The Price Waterhouse Coopers' website now offers free full-text search of EDGAR filings Even though others have said this query tool is slow my trial searches ran fairly quickly My impression is this is a remarkably powerful tool especially given it is free and does not require registration Make sure you use the link above to access the advanced search of the free service More Company Research Sites Keep in mind that even those sites that do require payment and or registration for full access often provide some information for non-subscribers Try these sites Annual Reports from Report Gallery http www reportgallerv com Free annual reports searchable by company name stock ticker or sector Reports may be in PDF or HTML formats http www arabdatanet com Arab Data Net Large amounts of information about business in the Arab world be sure to check the Directory for data on companies http www business com Business com Excellent business-related search engine directory not limited to US companies Business Information on the Internet http www rba co uk sources index htm Great UK site with huge number of resources for researching businesses not only in the UK but around the world Working through this site is like taking a research tutorial Corporate Information http www corporateinformation com Reports by Wright Investors' Service full access requires registration the available free information is good Free Reports for Top 20 European Companies http amadeus bvdep com amadeus top20 top20 htm Only 20 companies but if you are researching of them you have hit the jackpot with this site These are full financial reports for free Global Edge International Business Research Michigan State University http globaledge msu edu ibrd ibrd asp The Center for International Business Education and Research at Michigan State University maintains Global Edge a site of international country studies and business information with links to over 5000 resources The site includes current information on the business climate economic landscape and relevant statistical data for 197 countries Powerful features such as comparing countries using 404 UNCLASSIFIEDlII-OR el-F1el L I JSE ONb¥ DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl6IAL l IS Q ILY multiple statistical indicators and ranking countries based on a selected statistical indicator are available A rich collection of country-specific international business links adds to the vast collection of information http www hoovers com Hoovers Hoovers is one of the best and most comprehensive company industry and market research resources However full access requires subscription Even so the information at Hoovers' free site is fairly extensive http www irasia com listco Irasia Investor Relations Asia Asian Company Reports excellent data on Asian companies by name or sector MacRae's Blue Book http www macraesbluebook com MacRae's EuroPages Search http www europages net cobranding macraesbluebook home-en html MacRae's Blue Book is a guide to more than a half a million US and Canadian industries and over 2 million product listings search by product or company MacRae's now offers a EuroPages search of European companies at a separate link http www mac doc gov Market Access and Compliance US Department of Commerce site that is packed with information about trade and development around the world MSN Money's Key Developments http news moneycentral msn com ticker sigdev asp Major milestones for publicly traded US companies search by name or ticker symbol and see all developments earnings or product announcements http www prnewswire com PRNewswire A great source for press releases search by company keyword or limit your search by country SEDAR http www sedar com Canadian securities-related information Yahoo Finance Press Releases http biz yahoo com prnews Easily searchable source of PRNewswire press releases Company Websites Look at a company's own websites but don't limit your search to the official home page Be sure to check out country-specific sites most international companies UNCLASSIFIEDItI QR QFFlCIAL l ISE Of4LY 405 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlil 6ft 61 1 IeiAL USE 6'4LY have sites specific to a country or region and alternative domain names Many companies have more than one domain name associated with them For example the Russian firm Kaspersky Labs has sites in multiple countries In addition to the com and net domains I counted 20 country top-level domains associated with the domain name kaspersky I explored these names using Yahoo's Site Explorer and Google's info command Google's Info Command This is a valuable tool for getting a fast overview of a website Simply by inserting an address-kaspersky com-into the Google search box you will see the following options • view Google's cache of kaspersky com • find other pages similar kaspersky com • find external pages linking to kaspersky com • find pages containing kaspersky com Web GO 81e linfo kasperskycOm Desktop mOle '1 iSEiKiCi 1 ' h Web Showing web page information fcrkaspetsky com I'asperskv Lab iI ntivirus sofu'lare Antivirus software for home or business The world's fastest antivirus updates Free virus scan and antivirus trial downloads V N·v' kaspet ky 80m Googlecan showyou the followinginformation forthis URL • • • • • Show QQY- Jle's caclle of kasperskycom Find web pages that are similar to kasperskycom Find web pages that link to kaspersky com Find web pages tr2 HL1 i kaspsrsky corn Find web pages that cont in t le t'Jrm kaspersky com Whois Lookups While people can and do lie about the information they enter into domain registration forms the Whois databases remain an excellent source of information about companies and people addresses phone fax numbers email addresses ISPs mail servers etc However I strongly caution you to double-check these data with other sources to validate them http www arin netlwhois index html ARIN North America and some Caribbean http www ripe net perl whois RIPE Europe Middle East North Africa http www apnic net apnic-bin whois pl APNIC Asian-Pacific http www afrinic netlcgi-bin whois AfriNIC Africa http lacnic net cgi-binllacn ic whois LACNIC Latin America and some Caribbean 406 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l ISIi QNb¥ DOClD 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFF'lel L US ONLY Look for Additional Domains in Whois Database As an example Kaspersky Labs owns and operates websites under the domain names kaspersky-Iabs and avp for Anti-Virus Protection for many country top-level domains as well as the com and net domains How did I find these alternate domain names and websites By investigating Whois data on Kaspersky Labs and noting email addresses@avp ruandotherservernames kaspersky com kaspe rskylabs net kaspersky-Iabs com Correlate Whois Data For example when you find a person's name the person object is the technical or administrative contact for a Whois entry I suggest you search on that name in all the major Whois databases to see if his her name shows up anywhere else thus providing possible leads to relationships between seemingly unrelated companies or organizations To see how this works search on the name vladimir in the RIPE ARIN and APNle databases at IP-Plus SE RVICES 1 • OP TION S @4 S ' I t o z 11$ S H o n d a ' O U R NET WOR K JfUi o TECHN ICA L INFO ' · II Whl j 1 3 1 i M ffiD' ib'4A Mi- s l ncp solu tic ns CUSTOME R CARE e' l row' U·j j Gfi3 P V''''''ijl 1 ir-'''' h P DUS Che d lo ur DN S TraCIilIoutoe soervers Search str illll • Y '11ois qu ri- s _ _ • _ _-0' '_' OUlpui optio ns Ouery typ e __ _ _ __ 0 • £J IARIt _ Serve ' COo not recurse Into objects C Templale only '- 'Y __ iEJ IP netwo rks opnons Vladi ir Anisi on VLAD I VLADIMIR GUSINSKI VLAD I -l Vladi ir Kats VLADI M Vladi ir Romanenko VLADIM-2 Vladi ir Sinyakov VLADIM-l Karpenkov KARPE-ARIII vladimiradataqsoft com 1-949-290 -8125 Hompoint Vladi ir V11213- ARI N Vladi irOde cisiondigital com 1-404- 303-0330 Romanenko Vladimir VR49-ARIN vl a di mi r az yan com 1-213-216-6416 Va3ic Vl adi mi r VVA6- ARI NI Vladim i rOschaffe ldevelopment com 1-616-7 67-2771 Vladimir Ani31 on ADN-VLADANISIHON-NETBLK NET- 209- 216-23 3- 128-1 209 2 16 233 128 - 209 216 VLADIMIR GUSI NSKI VLADIHIR5 8-1 70-136 MET- 12- 109- 170- 136- 1 12 109 17 0 136 - 12 109 170 143 Vladi ir Kat 3 PBI - CUSTNET- 1891 NET-207- 213-2 09- 32-1 207 213 209 32 - 207 213 209 63 V h l rH ttl r IP-Plus 'k Ar _q 'PRT -r TI TIJli T_ 7 nQn iMF T_ n 7_ 1 I _ 1 1_ n_ n 7 _ 1 1 1 1 n - n 7 1 1 1 _ Ii li http www ip-plus ch tools whoisset en html Also search on the name using search engines phone directories email lookup tools etc UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlel 'cL liSE ONLY 407 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED IFOR OFFlCIl8tL tlSE ONLY Wildcard Whois Search Tools One of the best ways to find other domains registered to a company is to use a wildcard Whois lookup tool There are a number of these available on the Internet and they are detailed in a later section of this book Wildcard searches work best with unusual or distinctive domain names Domain Surfer http www domainsurfer com Domain Tools Whois Source http whois domaintools com Namedroppers com http www namedroppers com Netcraft http www netcraft com Whois net http www whois net Whoix http www whoix com Whoix Advanced Search http www whoix com advdomsearch html Explore the Site There are any number of things you can learn from looking at the various pages at a company website Fortunately it is easy to display all the pages at a website at least all the pages indexed by a specific search engine unfortunately for a large website finding useful information within all these can be a daunting task The best tools for site exploration are Yahoo's Site Explorer and the various site and link commands available at major search engines In addition to Yahoo's Site Explorer here is a summary of the various site exploring syntax available in Yahoo Google and Live Search Yahoo Search site domain restricts results to a specific website or domain including a specific top-level domain May be used with or without keywords site fr returns all the pages Yahoo has indexed in the French top-level domain site who int sars finds all the pages at the WHO website that contain the keyword SARS will find pages at wpro who int as well as www who int Google Search 408 site restricts results to websites in a given domain May be used with or without keywords site in returns all the pages Google has indexed in the Indian top-level domain UNCLASSIFIED Ir OR Or IKICIAb blSIi ONb¥ DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFICIAl Uii O IL Y site who int avian flu finds all the pages at the WHO website that contain the phrase avian flu site who int avian flu -inurl speeches finds all the pages at the WHO website that contain the phrase avian flu and exclude any page with a uri containing the keyword speeches cirrus -site mastercard com finds pages containing the keyword cirrus that are not on the Mastercard website Live Search site domain restricts results to a specific website or domain including a specific top-level domain May be used with or without keywords site gov it returns all the pages Live Search has indexed in the Italian Government's domain site gov it language en finds all the pages in the Italian Government's domain that are in English site gov it -filetype html finds all the pages in the Italian Government's domain that are not in HTML format Link Command at Major Search Engines It is always worthwhile to see who is linking to a site Best bets for running the link command are the biggest search engines because you guessed it they have the biggest databases If you get too many hits try limiting the search by restricting the results to a specific domain or adding a keyword when permitted Google does not permit the use of keywords with its link command All these search engines use the same syntax for link searching i e link but remember Yahoo has two link commands ' Also the Yahoo Site Explorer is extremely good at showing inlinks to an entire domain or just a specific urI Unlike Google Yahoo Site Explorer provides all the links to a site which Yahoo calls inlinks instead of a limited subset of links Yahoo Search link restricts results to pages containing links to a specific urI Yahoo requires users to enter the full urI including the http for the link command May be used with or without additional keywords and syntax Iink http www who int finds all the incoming links to this specific page link http www who int avian flu finds all the incoming links to this specific page that also contain the phrase avian flu Iink http www who int avian flu inurl h5n1 finds all the incoming links to UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFIOIAL I JSE ONLY 409 OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOIIFOR OFFIOIAL l ISE Sr4LY this specific page that also contain the phrase avian flu and have H5N1 anywhere in the linking page's urI linkdomain restricts results to all incoming links to an entire domain not a specific page or urI Iinkdomain who int finds all the incoming links to this entire domain Iinkdomain who int avian flu finds all the incoming links to this entire domain that contain the phrase avian flu Iinkdomain who int avian flu inurl h5n1 finds all the incoming links to this entire domain that contain the phrase avian flu and have H5N1 anywhere in the linking page's urI Google Search link restricts results to documents that link to a specific uri but excludes many inlinks as a Google policy to try to reduce webpage or keyword spamming No other syntax or keywords can be used with the Google link command Live Search link restricts results to documents that link to a specific urI May be used with or without additional keywords and or additional syntax Iink who int loc de geflligelpest finds all the incoming links to this domain that are in the German de domain and contain the keyword GeflOgelpest Link Harvester http www linkhounds com link-harvester Link search on steroids This incredibly powerful tool shows where all the links come from in groups and by common Class C IP Address blocks Link Harvester also links to the Internet Archives two types of Whols Source data and several variations of Google cache Data can be exported as a CSV file and imported into a spreadsheet or database for additional analysis http www google com Google http www live com Live Search beta http search yahoo com Yahoo Also remember that you can use Fagan Finder 's URLinfo page to run the link queries from all these search engines one at a time Fagan Finder's URLinfo 410 http www faganfinder com urlinfo UNCLASSIFIEOHI 'SR el 'l 'lelAt USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDItTeR eFFl6IAL USE m LY Newspapers Magazines Journals Newsgroups 810gs There is a lot of hard news opinion and old-fashioned gossip on the Internet about companies and their goings-on new products new partnerships contracts lawsuits you name it Disgruntled employees may post to newsgroups or publish blogs In fact people have been fired for leaking company secrets in blogs Obviously the validity of this information ranges from very high to scandalously poor but in many cases researchers are piecing together a monochrome jigsaw puzzle so any bit of information may help Press Releases These can be a great source of cutting edge information about companies They want to make money and if they are public sell stock so they love to tell the world of their successes The two best ways to find press releases is using PRNewswire or going to the horse's mouth the company website-look for the magic words press releases on the home page PRNewswire has improved its search and I especially recommend using the advanced search option The PRNewswire site also lets you select a specific region or country so it's easier to find international information here than at Yahoo PRNewswire http www prnewswire com Yahoo Press Releases via PR Newswire http biz yahoo com prnews How to Research a Specific Country In order to perform in-depth research on a particular country it is a good idea to have numerous sites bookmarked as general starting places for country-specific Internet research Some countries have a large web presence while others for all intents and purposes are absent or have a very limited presence For the latter category countries such as North Korea or Burma you will have to rely largely on third party sites that is webpages about the country Be aware that expatriates exiles or dissidents with large axes to grind created many of these Third party country pages are usually most useful as sources for links to other webpages and some are impressive in their size and complexity My best advice in beginning to research a specific country is to try to find the most comprehensive country metasites and this is not always easy Good starting places are university area studies departments Many of these have country or regional UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl6IAL lise eNty 411 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED FO OlililelAL I JSE mJLY webpages with links to other metasites For example the University of Texas's Russia and Eastern Europe Network Information Center REENIC has compiled an impressive set of links for this part of the world and makes a good starting place as do Bucknell University's Russian Studies Department Columbia University's Middle East and Jewish Studies Russia and Eastern Europe Network Information Center REENIC http reenic utexas edu Bucknell University's Russian Studies http www departments bucknell edu russian Middle East and Jewish Studies http www columbia edu cu lweb indiv mideasticuvlm Occasionally for-profit enterprises will provide excellent free resources such as Aardvark Asian Resources for Librarians Aardvark has two sections Literature and Recommended resources -and sites I especially like the Asian Databases section which currently lists over 650 databases Thompson Gale published an excellent overview of Aardvark by Professor Peter Jacs6 140 Aardvark Asian Resources for Librarians http www aardvarknet info user aardvarkwelcome Also do not overlook non-profit organizations as a resource Friends and Partners is probably the most famous non-profit organization on the Internet devoted to improving Russian-American relations and as a result has become a tremendous source of information about Russia-everything from current news to telecommunications to downloading Cyrillic character sets Friends and Partners http www friends-partners org friends Try to find webpages that claim to index all the sites in a country Even though that claim is undoubtedly exaggerated these sites are still good starting places Another type of excellent country resource is a commercially operated country website that attempts to create an overarching subject directory of a particular country or region Every world region and most countries have such guides or directories but the quality can range from poor to excellent A good test is to look at categories such as governments or technology If these are sparsely populated chances are the directory is oriented more to entertainment travel shopping etc than to research 140 Peter Jacs6 Aardvark Peter's Digital Reference Shelf Thompson Gale October 2006 http www galegroup com reference peter aardvark htm 26 October 2006 412 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL I JSE OtJLV DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDiiFOft O leIAL tlSE 6'4LY tA Al Baweba o tK ' 1 Music r Blogs ' 'g 'T Iran Algeria Morocco Iraq Jordan Oman Pal@stine Qatar Saudi Arabia Sudan i Syria - Email t-caros Forums 1 1 ·······r··· Webgulde Kuwait llebanonj Ubya IMauritania r Tunisia 1 Turkey UAE Vemen r l lbawaba III D i Main News Entertainment Business Amman suicide bomber was former detainee released from custody Kids Travel A US military spokesman revealed on Sunday that one of the suspects in Wednesday's attack on three of Amman's luxury hotels was a detainee who was released last year by the US after determining that he was not a security threat The attack for which AI Qaeda claimed responsibility killed 57 people and injured at least 100 Forums E-cards Albawaba'§ Email 810gs Music Webguide us • • • • Tell Us What You Think Do you think that the recent terror attacks in Amman were a result of the US invasion of Iraq Yes c No Don't know Iraq Roadside bomb kills three as 37 resistance fighters die in clashes Israeli troops kill two Palestinians includinq senior Hamas activist Progress made on Gaza Strip matters at Rice-Abbas meeting Iranian FM arrives in Damascus Regional action needed to face US Israel cooperation Delll l1jQ 'll LIJln fL'lDllu $1 Palestinian boy's organs donated • Albawaba com launches the first Arabic English zk ' ' language 'blogging' service Report Egypt's mobile connections outstrip their fixed-line counterparts Palestine Inflation up 1 93% during October Asteco welcomes ceiling on Dubai rents National Bank of Dubai establishes US$ 1 billion Euro Medium Term Note Program AI Bawaba The Middle East Gateway Yahoo Countries http www albawaba com http dir yahoo com regional countries index html If I am looking for information about a country with whose Internet presence I am unfamiliar I often start with Yahoo's Country index A simple alphabetic list of the nations of the world leads you to individual pages within Yahoo for each country ranging in quality and quantity from the vast the UK with nearly 222 000 entries to the tiny Kiribati with 20 Most Yahoo country pages however are fairly robust with subject headings such as business and finance computers and Internet government education news and media etc However never assume the Yahoo country lists and links are thorough or even adequate representations of a country's Internet presence because they are not Yahoo is nonetheless a very fine starting place for researching a country on the web UNCLA551FIEDhT6R 6FFIeiAL l J5E 6NL¥ 413 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONLY Library of Congress Country Studies http lcweb2 loc gov frd cs cshome html The Library of Congress website contains online versions of books previously published in hard copy by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies Area Handbook Program sponsored by the US Department of the Army Because the original intent of the Series' sponsor was to focus primarily on lesser known areas of the world or regions in which US forces might be deployed the series is not all-inclusive At present 101 countries and regions are covered Notable omissions include Canada France the United Kingdom and other Western nations as well as a number of African nations The date of information for each country appears on the title page of each country and at the end of each section of text Each country study presents historical political economic social and military analyses and descriptions Users may search across all countries or any combination of countries or browse an alphabetical list of countries The Economist Country Briefings http www economist com countries The Economist is a well-respected publication that has made a huge contribution to the Internet with its website Specifically the Economist Intelligence Unit has a resource known as Country Briefings that looks at about 60 countries and provides superb profiles forecasts statistics and more about each All the content at the site is original with the Economist and not merely a compilation of information from other sources Some of the material is premium content meaning users must pay to view it However there is more than enough free information to make the site very valuable BBC Country Profiles http news bbc co uk 1 hi country profiles Similar to its counterparts at the Library of Congress and The Economist the BBC offers Country Profiles at its website The profiles not only include information on the history politics and economy of most of the world's nations they also offer audio and video clips from the BBC's extensive archives The main Country Profiles' page presents six drop-down menus for world regions with countries in each region listed alphabetically and one menu for International Organizations Once users select a specific country to profile they are offered an overview a set of basic facts information on current leadership and details about the country's media The BBC profiles are not quite as detailed as those from the Library of Congress or The Economist but the BBC does provide a very good and user-friendly overview of most nations Northwestern University Library Foreign Governments http www library northwestern edu govpub resource internat foreign html Northwestern University Library International Governmental Organizations http www library northwestern edu govpub resource internatligo html Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization UNPO 414 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONLY http www unpo org DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE e'4LY The Northwestern University Library has a superb collection of documents related to governments international organizations and unrepresented nations and peoples The governments' page has links to websites of countries from Afghanistan to Zambia Even better the page is kept up to date Obviously every website for every government is not listed but the resource focuses on the major sites such as president prime minister MFA central bank parliament etc The international governmental organizations page lists intergovernmental organizations IGOs that have webpages Most are in English and generally the list links only to the main page though there are exceptions Organizations cover a wide range of topics from the African Development Bank to the Chemical Weapons Convention to the International Criminal Court Finally the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization UNPO page which resides at a separate website lists both current and former members UNPO members comprise nations and peoples inadequately represented at the UN Among the UNPO current members are Australian Aboriginals Assyrians Chechens Iraqi Turkoman etc For each group the site links to a UNPO page containing information about the people and their homeland including geographical economic and historical information as well as links to UNPO documents relating to the nation people Academic Info http www academicinfo netJ I am somewhat hesitant to recommend this site only because I can't find out much about who is running it Mark Madin and a group of volunteer subject matter experts However many reputable sources link to and recommend Academic Info including the superb University of California Berkeley library which describes it as a Rich selection of about 25 000 pages selected as 'college and research level Internet resources' aimed at at the undergraduate level or above And it does contain a lot of useful information The information appears to be fairly high-level and most of it is collected elsewhere However this is a good general starting place and has the advantage of having been updated frequently Because of the currency quality and amount of information throughout the website I would recommend bookmarking and using the site as a good starting place for research on a number of topics Google Directory Country Index http directory google comnop Regional Coun tries Google Directory uses the Open Directory Project listings as a basis but adds to them and includes more links http admi net world AdmLnet AdmLnet is a French website that attempts to be the cyber-documentation center delivering general information about government authorities and public services Admi net's scope therefore is more limited than some others but may thereby be UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY 415 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE OP4LY more useful under some circumstances The site is very well organized General Information Regions Countries Within each subheading are the same subject headings from political organizations to law to companies to telecom and much more in between Obviously much more information is indexed about some countries than others and not every heading has an entry for each country http bubl ac uk link world index html BUBL Country List Carefully researched and annotated web directory by information professionals WWW Virtual Library Regional Studies http vlib org Regional Links to African Asian Indigenous Latin American Middle Eastern Russian Eastern European Western European and Pacific studies The Virtual Library was established in 1993 and is still kept up to date The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD http www oecd org The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD has launched webpages for each member country The main features for each country website are What's new News recent and forthcoming events or conferences latest publications Statistics OECD statistical profile OECD free access databases by country and more Country and the OECD ratification of the convention role and activities of the delegation financial contribution to the budget etc Publications documents documentation listed in chronological order by topic or document categories Information by topic every topic from the ageing society to transportation Don't Miss Country profile including over 100 indicators how to obtain OECD publications list of translations useful links and contact us What countries are included in the OECD project All thirty member nations have country webpages and most of those country's also have a separate statistical profile page OECD also has active relationships with 70 non-member countries The OECD site includes numerous publications and documents such as an Economic Survey of Russia July 2004 Main Economic Indicators Non-Member Countries April 2005 PDF as well as information about co-operation operation between GECD member and non-member nations by country The OECD site also permits 416 UNCLASSIFIEDtlFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlelAL l JSE Ot4LY users to browse the site by topics including biotechnology corruption energy finance money laundering-32 topics in all NationMaster http www nationmaster com NationMaster takes the data from the CIA World Factbook the UN and OECD and mines it for statistics then makes all that information easily accessible Also users can easily generate maps and graphs on all kinds of statistics One of NationMaster's nicest features is the easy ability to view profiles of individual countries which includes many details about a country beyond just statistical data There is no original data at NationMaster but it is the single best source for pulling together organizing searching and displaying data about every country on earth Finally look for directories and country-specific search engines within the country itself In my experience the quality of such sites varies greatly so do not give up if the first few you look at are not impressive Once you have identified the major ISPs in a country look to see if they have subject directories many ISPs are creating both national and local guides for Internet users The best will provide internal search engines and maybe even a translation feature For example one of Greece's major telecommunications and Internet companies FORTHNet offers a directory of more than 32 000 Greek websites FORTHNet Directory http dir forthnet gr index-O-en html How do you find these sites There is no one way of detecting the best websites in or about a country but try this once you find a good website in or about a country run a link command in Yahoo Google Live Search and Gigablast to see webpages with links to the page of interest You can quickly scan these for interesting-looking new websites UNCLASSIFIEOJiFOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONLY 417 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIiFOR OFFICIAL US Ote lL i How To Research a Country There is no sure-fore methodology for researching a specific country on the Internet Try these sources 1 University area studies departments 2 Non-profit organizations or foundations 3 Country-specific subject directories 4 In-country guides portals directories check big ISPs 5 Search engines' link command 418 UNCLASSIFIEDHFQR QFFlGIAL l JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDt't'1-0 Ol-l-lelAL us Or LY Finding Political Sites on the Web If a country has a parliamentary form of government and most do by the broad definition used by this organization be sure to check out the InterParliamentary Union's web page Established in 1889 the IPU is an organization of parliaments of sovereign states The IPE site has its own superb PARLINE database of country parliaments which includes all relevant details about the form and structure of governments In addition the IPU provides links to official parliament web pages Of the more than 200 countries listed not all have official parliamentary web pages but a surprising number do InterParliamentary Union http www ipu org english home htm Northwestern University's Foreign Governments http www library northwestern edu govpub resource internat foreign html Northwestern University's International Governmental Organizations http www librarv northwestern edu govpub resource internatligo html Also be sure to look at Northwestern University's Foreign Governments list as well as its International Governmental Organizations Currently up to date Global Edge http globaledge msu edu The Center for International Business Education and Research at Michigan State University maintains Global Edge a site of international country studies and business information with links to over 5000 resources Much of the information comes from the CIA's Country Studies and the Department of State's Country Background Notes but the site adds a tremendous amount of value to this data Foreign Government Resources on the Web http www lib umich edu govdocs foreign html The University of Michigan also maintains Foreign Government Resources on the Web a site with links to many types of foreign government sites including official sites embassies constitutions laws etc Last updated in July 2006 Political Resources on the Net http www politicalresources net Political Resources on the Net Unrepresented People http www politicalresources netlint6 htm Political Database of the Americas UNCLASSIFIEDt't'1-0 http www georgetown edu pdba Ol-l-lelAL USE ONLY 419 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIJFgR gFFISIAb lcISE mJbY One of the best political websites is Political Resources on the Net This is a superb site for locating websites for qovernments political parties mainstream and fringe NGOs institutes and unrepresented peoples or areas such as Kosovo East Timor Hmong etc The topics are arranged from global to regional to countryspecific For anything political this is a very good first stop However the internal search does not work For political information on the Americas try Georgetown University's Political Database of the Americas the site contains both original information as well as links to reference sources European Countries http europa eu abc europeancountries indexen htm At the EU's Europa site each of the European Union member states has a link from this page The newly redesigned site has far less information about member nations' government site and now only provides a link to each country's official website Europa still provides information about and links to EU candidate countries and to other European nations http www cbss st Council of the Baltic Sea States The Council of Baltic Sea States also offers a website with information including news history the structure of the Council lots of documents contact lists etc The site is completely in English though external links to member states are usually in the appropriate national language The homepage includes a map with links to the foreign ministries of each country East Southeast Asia An Annotated Directory of Internet Resources http newton uor edulDepartments Programs AsianStudiesDept index html The East Southeast Asia annotated directory of Internet resources from the University of Redlands in California is an excellent portal for information specific to Asian nations as well as Asian resources in general as well as hot topics such as the avian flu the North Korean nuclear crisis and the tsunami of 2004 Current Rulers Worldwide http www terra es persona 2 monolith Rulers of the World http rulers org For information on world leaders be sure to see Zarate's Political Collections which includes Current Rulers Worldwide The site is updated regularly Rulers of the World is also kept current but has an accent on history This site contains lists of heads of state and heads of government and in certain cases de facto leaders not occupying either of those formal positions of all countries and territories going back to about 1700 in most cases Current rulers are also included 420 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL l I5E ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFISIAL I ISi g JI Y Finding Ministries of Foreign Affairs To track down ministries of foreign affairs you can try directories such as Google's Yahoo's and the Open Directory Project or you can go directly to one of these resources that provide links to MFAs Please keep in mind that no resource has everything Just because the MFA you seek isn't listed by any of these sources does not mean it's not on the Web Sometimes uri guessing will work e g www mfa gov yu for the former Yugoslavia sometimes it won't e g www ud se for Sweden US Institute of Peace Library Foreign Affairs Ministries on the Web http www usip orq library formin html The site has about 140 links to most MFAs and a few other international agencies Current information Library of Congress Portals to the World http www loc qov rr international portals html First-rate alphabetical list of countries with links to government sites For most finding the MFA is a simple click to the Government Politics and Law link Stefano Baldi's Ministries of Foreign Affairs Online http hostings diplomacy edu baldi mofa htm Hosted by DipJo Directory site this is a superb resource with 110 links listed Ministries of Foreign Affairs from Lawresearch http www lawresearch com v10 qlobal ciministries htm Links to about 100 countries' MFA websites Finding Embassies One task the Internet has certainly made much easier is locating information about embassies including their addresses phone fax numbers names of individuals associated with them and even email addresses and sometimes websites Even more fortunately there are several websites that specialize in providing information about and links to foreign ministries on the web Also keep in mind that ministries of foreign affairs MFAs are usually in the business of providing information rather than protecting it so they are often great resources for learning a wide range of details about a country I strongly recommend that you always check out a country's MFA Web site for the most current information about its missions For example a country such as Afghanistan has UNCLASSIFIEOlir6ft orflelAL USE ot4LY 421 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFIOIAL I ISE ONLY gone through many changes in the past few years both in terms of representation from and within the country Never assume any site is absolutely current it's best to go directly to the source when possible Here is the Afghani MFA's list of its embassies and consulates from its website Home I Useful Link I Contact us Site Search News tATEXT SIZE ttl lUhomE afl lhandiptomalkmissioI 1 Alphabetical list of Afghan Embassies and Consulates AI 6 I III I Elf I GI H II I I KI LIM I N I 0 I P I Q I R I sir I UI v I WI x I VII ARGENTINA SEEUSA ARMENIA SEERUSSIAN FEDER nON AUSTRALIA Embassy of Afghanistan in Canberra PO Box ISS After twenty-fille years of venous conf tsj end parallelto the rebuildingof political and sodetel institutions of the stete Afghanistan is in the process of rebuilding phySical infrastructures and economic foundations of the country There have been remarkable the fields of and development However since to many media outlets ccoo news do not necessarily constitute es rews achievements reconstruction In Deal jn West ACT2600 Tel 61-2 6262 7311 Fax 61-2 6262 7322 Emel admin@afghanembassy net websce http www afghanembassy net Ambassador H E Mr Anwar ANWARZAI Non-residentenvoy to BruneiDer-El-Selem and New Zealand AUSTRIA Embassyof Afghanistan in Vienna techererqesse 8 Top 9 1090 Vienna Tel 43-1 524 7806 fax 43- 524 7807 E·ma afg emb vie@chello at Amh 1 IMr' H F 71 1 NF7AM The following are sites helpful in finding embassies Embassy World http www embassyworld com Embassy World is a commercial site that has improved dramatically over the last few years Today it is probably the single best resource for finding embassies and consulates The home page offers users the option to search for a specific country's mission in any or a single location You can also use the alphabetical list by country to find a country's missions in other countries or other countries' missions in a specific country I recommend searching both ways because the results are not always identical Embassy World also includes UN Missions and an international telephone directory that varies in quality depending on the country of interest poor for Palau great for France you get the idea 422 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL I ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFeR eFFl61AL USE ONLY Library of Congress Portals to the World http www loc gov rr international portals html First-class alphabetical list of countries with links to government sites Virtually all include a link to Embassies Embassies Consulates Worldwide http www mvpage bluewin ch caccia Search by country in which embassy or consulate is located This site is current and contains other useful information about countries generally geared toward visitors Yahoo Embassies and Consulates http dir yahoo com Government Embassies and Consulates An always-reliable if incomplete source countries listed alphabetically with both embassies of and embassies in each country Tagish Worldwide Embassies http www2 tagish co uk Links embassy1b nsf Tagish has hosted the European Union's Ethos site for some years and has a separate page devoted to diplomatic missions derived from the Ethos data which now appears to be a couple of years out of date Specifically the Tagish site also includes a separate list of embassy Web sites and embassy email addresses both sorted by either host country or country of origin http www embassy org Embassy org Embassy org is the source for information about any embassy in Washington D C UNCLASSIFIEDIIFeR eFFlelAL l JSE eNL'I' 423 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFQR QFFlGIAL USE ONLY Research Round-up The Best Research Tips Techniques Tip 1 Use the Right Tool I am repeating Rule

1 because it is so important The single biggest mistake researchers make is using the wrong search tool For example search engines are generally not useful for finding current news use a specialized news search service Wikis custom search engines and directories are generally better when researching a broad topic because they have a select group of sites but watch out for paid placement for a directory that contains no paid placement use Open Directory There are also many specialized or vertical search services that cover a huge variety of topics everything from chemistry to message boards Tip 2 Search for the Most Obscure Term I needed to find the uri for an article at CNET's News com Sounds easy I knew the date and title but the internal CNET search tool wouldn't let me search by date and the title words returned nothing Solution I picked an obscure word from the article-in this case the last name of the Microsoft executive interviewed for the article wallent and searched on that term Bingo Only one hit and it was the article I wanted Tip 3 Put the Most Important Search Term First While it's not always true search engines usually give more weight to the first term you list because the search software assumes it's the most important term otherwise why would you list it first Try these two queries in Google one after the other gardening roses then roses gardening The results are similar but not identical Tip 4 Search on the Singular Form First While it is not always the case that search engines automatically search for plural forms of search terms many including Yahoo and Google do The converse however is not true i e a search on rose will find roses but a search on roses will not find rose Therefore it makes sense to search first on the singular form of a term 424 UNCLASSIFIEDI'fFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiifiOP OfifilelAL USE or l Tip 5 Use Regional Search Services Directories and Databases It's so easy to fall into the trap of using US-based search engines and it's true their databases are the biggest in the world But I believe it is critical to use search engines directories and databases that are country- and region-specific or language-specific These international sites focus on collecting data from a particular part of the world and also offer more language options than US-based services Don't just think in terms of search engines-local phone and email directories can be invaluable Tip 6 Search in the Native Language If you really want to exploit the power of an international search engine directory or database you need to search in the native language Doing so will vastly improve your chances for finding what you seek Also remember that many if not most international databases-for example phone directories-only list information in the native language so searching the online Moscow phone book for a name in English will produce zero results because all the listings are in Russian Cyrillic Look at the difference between searching using Google in English and in Russian Emercom Russia with 32K hits vs M4C POCClt1lt1 with 1 25M hits and more importantly the Emercom site as the top result Web search 011 0 30 seconds Foreign Military Studies Office Publications - EMERCOM EMERCOM divides Russia into nine regions supporting 89 oblasts Russia publication of the Ministry of Extraordinary Situation s p 13 VW w f8S 0rginuk 8 guide nl s sioliagency lusett htrn - 2Bk - L l l l J I ' EMERCOM of · i i y jL'i rli l ' Ministry for Extraordinary Situations EMERCOMJ - Russian and The Ministry of Russian Federati on for Civil Defence Emergencies and of Natural Disasters EMERCOM of Russia also called th e Ministry for 'Nw v fas org nuke guide nlssi l l agenq em ercom htm - 6k - ' a c h f d - Simil r oa g ' EXPODESIGN MOSCOW P Nenashev Head of State Fire inspection at EMERCOM Russia Chairman NP Kopylov - Head of FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia Dr of technica l scienc es i 'N 8x p o- d esi g n ruf2005 F 1R E_Mlli nfX_prog r_e n g ht nl - t 1 - C he d · Simi al p J e s UNCLASSIFIEDHIiO OlililelAL USEr ONLY 425 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNF8R 8FFlOIJ8cL tJSE 6r LY Web afesearch on O GO seconds M4C POCCl1l1 crpyxrypa H npoexru M H CTepcTBa HOBOCT nepe eHb MlJC WYvy i rnchs·fJo· i ru - 40 - No·d 2005 - J ri - i 'D U J i ' §Jf f L 1eJl 3a o a M4C POCCl1l1 1 Ho 6p B AKa D eM rpaJK D aHCKOH 3aLl Tbl MllC POCCIIU y e6Hblx 3aBe o eH H COCTO TC TOp l eCTBeHHa l lepeMoH OTKPbITH YHHBepCaJlbHOrO CnOpTHBHOrO KOMnJleKCa KOTOpblH npsncraanaer ·' - woN rnchs gov ru article html' id 5512 - 35k - ·b T 2005 - ' ' i te - it Oil LR il 2 y g t r I j r Q r D ' y't ' r r t HQ ' 1 1 klHcbopMal ll10HHa8 ra3eTa Cnacmenb M4C POCCI4I4 A3POM06HJlbHblH rncnnrans MlJC POCCllII 3aBepWHJl CBOI pa60TY B repone DHpeKTOp Ilenaprauesra pa3BHTH HH¢pacTPYKTYPbl MlJ POCCIIII Haaexna iepacHMoBa crana VvW'ii spasatsl ru -39k - Nov 1 2005 - _C 9 - §J l J ' t L ' Tip 7 Follow Those links Whenever you find a good website always check its links While in theory links at a web page that is indexed by a search engine should also have been indexed the reality is often different Links pages are often a gold mine of sites with similar information Tip 8 Learn Two Words in Any Non-English Language in Which You are Searching Those two words are search and links You need to be able to push the search or find button on a non-English web page and you need to be able to find the links page Tip 9 Search on the LINK Field Every time you find a good website go to a search engine such as Yahoo 141 Gigablast the new Live Search or Google 142 that permits link command searches and find the pages that link to your newly discovered web page Any page that is really interesting to you is also interesting to others interested in the same subject Check the search syntax of each site some search engines such as Yahoo require a full address including the http 141 Yahoo and Live Search have two different link commands link and linkdomain that serve different purposes Linkdomain is a broader more comprehensive search option 142 The Google link command is not showing all links as it once did because of Google's efforts to try to limit webspam 426 UNCLASSIFIEDHF6R 6FFlelJ8cL tJSE 6NLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDilFGR GFFlGIAL b1SE GNLY Here's an interesting twist on link searching that is finding sites that link to a specific address This search which works with Yahoo and to a lesser extent Windows Live Search finds pages that link to a specific domain or domains but not to another specific domain or domains An example would help Let's say I start by finding the sites that link to the Iranian Ministry of Defense Here is the query I would use Iinkdomain mod ir In Yahoo this query returns 545 hits Now suppose I want to see which sites link to both the Iranian MOD and the Iranian Electronics Industries I can do that easily with this query Iinkdomain mod ir linkdomain ieimil com However I see lots of sites that also link to the ever-present CIA World Factbook which while a wonderful resource isn't want lwant I would really like to see the sites that link to both the Iranian MOD and lEI sites but not to the CIA Factbook Can I do this Sure Iinkdomain mod ir linkdomain ieimil com -linkdomain cia gov While this technique has obvious applicability for search engine optimization who is linking to my competitors but not linking to me I think it is worth knowing about because you may come up with some creative ways to use it Just as an interesting example try these two queries in both Live Search and Yahoo It's interesting to see what drops from the results' list on the second query Iinkdomain cia gov linkdomain nsa gov Iinkdomain cia gov linkdomain nsa gov -linkdomain fbLgov I believe you will consistently find that Yahoo provides more results than Live Search for the linkdomain searches However the results will vary so it's worth using both search engines Google does not offer a linkdomain search and its link search has been hobbled http search yahoo com Yahoo Search http www live com Windows Live Search Tip 10 Look Beyond Search Engines and the Web Search engines and directories index only a tiny portion of the Internet With some notable exceptions they are basically designed to index web pages A vast amount of data is stored for example in online databases many of which are free and open to the public They often contain information useful to researchers-phone UNCLASSIFIEDffIiO OlililelAL USE OP4LY 427 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFICIAL IcISE g IL¥ directories Whois databases NIH PubMed SEC Edgar Amazon's Search Inside the Book feature digital library collections The Domain Name System Service DNS itself is the largest distributed database ever created and freely accessible to any user via a simple query NSLookup Also don't overlook mailing lists newsgroups and other non-web segments of the Internet Tip 11 Configure and Use Two Browsers If you spend much time on the Internet especially viewing non-US sites you will probably encounter certain webpages that will not display at all will not display properly and or will not print in the browser you're using However if you open the page in the other browser it may be fine So don't despair if a page isn't displaying or printing as it should Chances are there are simply problems with the way the page was created and it will look fine in the other browser Tip 12 Try URL Guessing It works more frequently than you would imagine For example I found the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs by guessing www mfa gov ir And guess what the address for the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs MVD is Yes it's www mvd ru No search engine indexed either of these sites at the time I first found them Tip 13 Change URLs to Find Hidden Webpages Sometimes a simple change inside a long uri will disclose interesting pages deep within a website For example look at these two pages from the Federal Trade Commission http www ftc gov opa 2006 02 http www ftc gov opa 2007102 Simply by changing the portion of the uri that indicates year and month you can view the FTC News Releases for a specific date This is a simple example of a technique that can be used to uncover hidden webpages It's especially useful on sites that update on a regular schedule e g sites for press releases or news Tip 14 Be on the Lookout for URL Errors Not surprisingly many uris listed on webpages are incorrect Among the most common mistakes are misspellings putting a backslash where a slash I should be including or excluding the L in HTML e g http www examlpe com pathl1ame bigmistake html 428 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFlCI tcL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDHI-eK el-l-lelAL USE et4LY Relcad PrinlO Completed Projects Beyond A L has extensive experience in workingwith multinational companies and a proventrack record of successfully managing and completing projects on time and with in b u d l Qle t - - English is often misspelled as Enlgish Project List MaryKay China Co Ltd IE 1-1 i ko f 01ij Beyond designed and built new office for Marykay's in 10 cities in China which total spaces is more than 12 000 sq m2 Siemens 19flf'01ij Beyond designed and built 1500 sq m2 new office at 201F MajestyTower Bellalcatel Business System Shanghai Co Ltd Rf -F 3 1 01ij Beyond designed and built 2000 sq m2 new office at Waigaoqiao area Simmons Simmons Solicitors 19 M f iii fT Beyond designed and constructed 500 sq m2 new office at 3 F Dynasty Tower NewYork Bank Shanghai Office IEtBJ- f fT J il f1-t J l Beyond designed and built 800 sq m2 totally new office at 5 F DynastyTower Correct the spelling or use the tried and true method of backward hacking backspace deleting file and path names and retrying the link you'll be amazed how often this works Tip 15 Take a Look at the Site Map Most large well-organized websites have maps of what is on their web server These site maps can be extremely useful and revealing often showing pathways to more topics than were revealed on the home page Also internal search tools are notoriously unreliable a site map may be much more useful at digging down inside a website Tip 16 Try Using the Mouseover For non-English sites where you don't know the language try the mouseover trick i e move your mouse over hyperlinks Often the link information is in English or if it isn't quite often the uri that appears in the too bar at the bottom of the browser is revealing because it is likely to be written in English UNCLA55IFIEDIlJ QR QJ F1CIAL SE ONLY 429 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFl6h'cL I JSE m bY Tip 17 Try Alternative Spellings Especially of Non-English Names or Terms or Even Purposeful Misspellings This hint especially applies to searching for non-English websites For example the Arabic word khalifah usually written as Caliph in English generally refers to the person who is the successor to Muhammed for leadership of the Islamic community This term is transliterated as kalifa kalifah califah or some other variant However ' there is a related term khilafah which is the office itself i e Caliphate in English This term is often associated with some of the most radical Islamic websites I found I had to search on many variations of these terms or I would have missed a number of important sites Even though many of the websites are in Arabic the addresses for the sites are still written in the Latin alphabet and searching for these key words using syntax as inuti site domain revealed many useful links The same is true for commonly misspelled words e g http referrer is usually misspelled http referer and genealogy is often misspelled genealogy A wildcard makes it possible to find both correctly and incorrectly spelled terms As you can see from the following example a search on ministry of foregin affairs islamic republic of iran elicits 918 hits while a search with foreign spelled correctly returned only 38 results Web Did IOU rnean ministryof foreign affairs of islamic republic of Iran Ministry of Foregin Affairs of Islamic Republic of Iran Documents Archive w f loN mfa I'Jv irjoutput E'ngli hl docljrnents b5CI ntnrD4_200410 hfm· 9k - C H hed - Sirnil ·jE' l m ' Ministry of Foregin Affairs of Islamic Republic of Iran LATEST NEWS Thursday 2 Dec 2004 7 27 Local Time ECO Secretary General Meets Dr Kharrazi Nov 29 2004 November 28 2004 Visiting Vov w mfa go·' irioiJiput englisl1 main asp - 17k - ' 1- 'irr1 I iJ ' Ministry of Foregin Affairs of Islamic Republic of Iran Privious Page Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Meets Dr Kharrazi Aug 29 2004 Iranian foreign minister Dr Kamal Kharrazi on Sunday emphasized v v w mfa go'• ilioutput Englisllidocuments doc4G05 htm - 9k - bG l f J - rc ji § J i1 ' Ministry of Foregin Affairs of Islamic Republic of Iran Privious Page Dr Kharrazi's Statements at the Ministerial Conference of Iraq's Neighbors in Cairo Jul21 2004 Iranian foreign minister Tip 18 Always look at a Website's Native language Version Usually the native language version of a website will differ from the English version sometimes a little sometimes a great deal To illustrate this point check out the differences between the AI Jazeera Arabic and English home pages You will see a different set of stories with different emphases on each 430 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlCI L USE or LY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEO IFOR OFFICIAL USE m4LY Updated on Monday 14 November 2005 16 44 Makka Time 13 44 GMT ALJAZEERA NET Iii S 'i'• • r jg JijIDJD Three killed In Baghdad Adyam ed Search ili Jg 1 Homepage French cabinet renews emergency law omv '1 Culture Sci-Tech '1 -j ''' AUDIENCE 2 6 PMEl t Cickh »JOln 'Ill Israeli troops Spedal Repo q J Weather 1 kill Hamas leader Polls Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas Your feedbadc Con't actUs Palestinian polls said an tsraen-Palestrruan deal on reopening the Gazd-Egypt border was in Hebron About Aljazeerif·'i imminent after talks with us secretary of State Condoleezza Rice FULL STORY Code of Ethics idUg Ji4Qt • Rice pays surorise isit to Iraq • Middle EMt reform talks collapse Arab World flPP Economy • • • • J5P - Global • Failed bomber confesses on Jordan TV • • • Another jovmehst assaulted in EQypt • • svrie offici l rejects Lebanon he arings • • Sudan rejects US peace Irutretive S Africa mines attract black partners Airbus A3eO completes Asia test flight Workers doubt Mubarak job pledge Boeing sets new fhght record Four killed Kashmir separatist attack Three arrested over Ne'N DelhI blasts Azeri opposition calls for poll rerun Bomb kills two judges in aencledesb the bomb wa O II ' inlure and kiD UJrulIlX tG' Imtiiiiii4 Science • • • • rt1 J Technology UN summit to debate internet control Conservationists warn of new dams protll l5lt hotel Australia headed for hottest year ever HIV man claims body cured itself Notice the completely different set of articles and even the way the pages are organized _ L l ' l i i A jl iJ % 1 '-i A J l l '-ol't 'r J a 'p JJ 'lli JJ o ' L- I c i -1 jU 8 _ 1 J i iJ L a '11 l jJ1 LO l J l t ' J i 4 l 1 JW oJ ' ' 'l ' J J a - JI i tU 1 1 1 y t • ' IJ Jj r Li ' 1 1 JI l I j __ jli - ' '- • I jJ 'l 4 1 J J l t l • lj ' ' I j oo I JJ'-'o L J 1 J u J Ij - ' I' J 'J i J WJS J¥o I I J 2 ' ' 'j 1 ' ' 'I dl 1 a j i ja i 1 JI O ft' J J w b - j l' a o '-ll - W b- 3 A' lil l C- ' ' jl i roOp 'I wlj ' L j - - •• '''''-l UNCLASSIFIEOItFOR OFFICIAL USE m4LY II 431 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlfFOR OFFlel L USE O 4LY Tip 19 Use Wildcards to Maximize Effectiveness I love to use wildcards in searching Unfortunately few search engines permit wildcard searches which means the researcher must enter the term in a variety of forms for a thorough search Here is how the major search engines handle wildcards Google one limited wildcard can only replace any single term with white space on either side e g what a web will find what a tangled web and what a coiled web Cannot be used within or at the end of a search term for example to pluralize a term Yahoo Yahoo does not support wildcard searching The old cheat of using a small word such as a no longer works in Yahoo Live Search no truncation no wildcard A search for cat finds cat not cats Exalead a search on child return pages with children highlighted as a search result The wildcard also can be used inside a search term e g kazak stan This search accurately finds kazakhstan kazakh and kazak as well as kazakstan Tip 20 Examine Page Source Code In addition to often revealing the webpage's language encoding page source can provide other helpful details including names dates email addresses type of software used to create the page etc However experienced webpage designers have learned by now that putting these sorts of details into the source code is an open invitation to spammers to harvest them so finding useful bits of information in source code is less likely now than in the past Still many people are not experienced Internet users and have not yet learned to keep this information out of the source code so it is worth a look Below is a very good example of how analyzing page source code helped one company track down the person responsible for a fabricated television interview that spread potentially libelous information about the company The page source contained an email address that ultimately led to the person responsible for the false information Daniel Janal How to Deal with Lies About Your Company and You on the Internet Scambusters org http www scambusters org Scambusters29 html Tip 21 Ask for Help One of the hardest questions to answer is how do you know when you aren't finding something because you're not searching correctly or because it's not there to find The best rule of thumb I can think of is to ask a more experienced Internet researcher for advice and assistance if you are hitting a brick wall Experienced researchers generally have developed a pretty good sense of where to look for different kinds of information and most importantly the types of information you are not likely to find on the Internet 432 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFleI L USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDOFOR OFFISIAL l JSIi g Jb¥ Researching Understanding the Internet A Plain English Guide to Internetworking The Internet were it a person would be something of a narcissist It probably has more information about itself than any other single topic which means the best place to research the Internet is the Internet However understanding how the Internet actually works can be frustrating and most books websites and other resources that purport to explain the inner working of the Internet exacerbate rather than enhance knowledge because they make assumptions about their readers that are often wildly inaccurate There are generally two types of guides on how the Internet works one is the technical guide for network engineers and system administrators the other type is a users' guide a how-to book for people who want to use the Internet but don't really need to know anything about what's under the hood The first type of guide is fine if you are an engineer but these manuals or websites are written by and for technical people meaning you already have to know their jargon in order to understand what they are saying The second type of guide merely avoids the problem all together by ignoring technical explanations After all you don't need to know how an internal combustion engine works to drive a car I have attempted to create a little niche in between the extremes by offering a nontechnical explanation of some of the basic concepts behind how the Internet gets traffic from one point to another and does it with remarkable speed accuracy and efficiency For many of us who are not technically inclined the answer has often seemed to be magic happens here But more and more often in our jobs we find we need to know a little bit about the mysterious inner workings of the Internet I have no pretensions that this overview is complete I knowingly gloss over some subtleties that I think are simply too arcane for a high-level look at Internetworking The Internet The Internet isn't a single network it is a network of networks However all these many networks are not directly connected to each other and in fact do not talk or exchange data directly with each other Rather the Internet employs an elaborate system of rules known as protocols numbering schemes e g autonomous systems IP addresses hardware e g routers and servers and arrangements e g peering agreements to ensure that your request to view a website in Pakistan or send an email to Seoul is fulfilled almost in the blink of an eye UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE O b¥ 433 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Packets At the almost simplest level of the Internet are things called packets For our purposes a packet is the fundamental unit of data that is sent between an origin and a destination on the Internet How does a packet get from Point A to Point B First it needs two addresses one for its origin and one for its destination The origin address is known as the source IP address and the end address is known as the destination IP address IP Addresses Every device attached to the Internet must have an address In IPv4 143 these addresses are written as dotted quads i e four sets of numbers separated by periods as in 204 180 95 2 144 Today IP addresses are much more likely to identify the public end point of a path than an individual computer The last IP address you see is likely the point at which the packet enters a private network and you can't normally see beyond that point IP addresses are similar to telephone numbers or house addresses but that analogy only goes so far because many IP addresses are temporary Temporary IP addresses are called dynamic IP addresses the IP address your cable or DSL provider assigns to you is probably dynamic On the other hand certain types of devices on the Internet are usually assigned permanent or static IP addresses One of these types of devices is a router This brings us back to our traveling packet Once we know that the packet has its own address and a destination address we then need to know how the packet gets from one place to another It gets there because of something called a router Routers A router is a device that forwards packets from one network to another Routers used to be called gateways and you may still encounter that term So how does routing work Routing Think of routing as the process in which your computer host tries to find a destination computer host Basically your source IP address host with data to send asks your ISP's router two very important questions 143 IPv4 is Internet Protocol version 4 the current Internet Protocol or set of rules for exchanging data across the Internet It is in the process of being replaced by IP version 6 IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses allowing 4 3 billion addresses IPv6 uses 128 bits allowing 3 4x1038 addresses 144 This type of IP address is an IPv4 address the next generation Internet will use IPv6 434 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL l- JSE QNLY A how do I get to my desired destination address and B would you please take me there On the Internet it is highly likely that there is more than one path from computer A to computer B So the router has the job not only of knowing where to send the packet but deciding which path or route the packet should take But how do all these routers on the Internet know which path to use to send packets so they get to their destinations Routers use routing tables to determine where a packet is going and how to send it The Internet in part consists of a huge grid of routers each of which only knows a piece of the whole picture not the entire Internet it's too big for that Look at this image You can see that in this simple example Router A does not know Router B's connections It literally cannot see Router B The hub or switch at 10 0 0 0 knows both Router A and Router B's destination paths and can therefore route packets from 20 0 0 0 to 40 0 0 0 and back All Router A needs to know is to send those packets via its Port 1 to 10 0 0 0 and from there Router A has no more to do with the packets The reverse is true of Router B 145 From Computer Deskt op Enc y clopedia Inc o 1QQ8 The Computer Language Co Router A Routing Table Togo to Route via network port # 10 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 hub or switch 1 2 3 1 Port 1 Port 1 Router A Por12 Port 3 §3 Router B Por12 20 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 14 5 Router Answers com Computer Desktop Encyclopedia Computer Language Company Inc 2005 http www answers com topic router 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFlGlAL l- JSE O 4LY 435 DOCID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDhTOR OFFIOIAL USE O'4LY There is a further layer to the addressing and routing of Internet traffic that we need to know about As the Internet grew it quickly became apparent that it would be impossible for every network to know every other networks' gateways as they used to be known This works only a small scale and the Internet is anything but small Thus the idea of autonomous systems was introduced by which only those devices within a specific AS would know all of that AS's routes Autonomous System An autonomous system AS is a network or group of IP networks run by a single entity using common routing policies or protocols Another way of looking at an AS is to think of it as a lot of networks being handled on the Internet as one logical domain There are two types of Autonomous System numbers Public AS numbers and Private AS numbers A public AS has a unique number ASN associated with it this number is used in both the exchange of exterior routing information between neighboring Autonomous Systems and as an identifier of the AS itself The introduction of autonomous systems also meant that AS's could run their own internal network any way they pleased which made sysadmins happy We are only interested in Public ASNs In order to keep track of these new AS's each AS was assigned an AS number a 16 bit integer by lANA the Internet Authority for Assigned Names and Addresses lANA assigns both IP addresses and ASNs to Regional Internet Registries the three biggest are ARIN APNIC and RIPE who then assign both types of numbers to custorners The rules for how traffic is handed off among and between AS's on the Internet are called protocols and there are a number of them currently in use The core external routing protocol for the Internet is the Border Gateway Protocol BGP which we'll look at next Border Gateway Protocol BGPl BGP works by maintaining a table of IP networks or 'prefixes' that designate network accessibility between autonomous systems AS In this example imagine Customer 1 in Baltimore wants to reach a website maintained by an ISP in Los Angeles represented here by Customer 4 at Regional ISP AS2 Customer 1's Regional ISP AS1 routes the request through National 146 Elquapo's Guide to Routing-Part 3 BPG 20 August 2003 http www kuro5hin org storv 2003 8 19 18378 4228 14 November 2006 436 UNCLA55IFIEDUJ OR OJ J ICIAb USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIfI-OR OFFIOIAL SE m LY ISP AS3 in Chicago because there is no direct connection between Regional ISP AS1 in Baltimore and Regional ISP AS2 in Los Angeles and going through multiple third party networks would be both slow and costly Does this look familiar It is the same principle that was at work in the way routers handle IP addresses Think of the routing of Internet packets as analogous to airline travel Imagine you need to fly from Dallas to Damascus Syria There is no direct flight so you must first fly to Washington Dulles Airport change planes and carriers then fly to Nicosia Cyprus Once there you must again change planes and carriers to get to Damascus Internet traffic moves in much the same way The airline is analogous to an Autonomous System Each AS has a limited number of other AS's with which they exchange data just as American Airlines does not have a direct connection with Syrian Airlines Similarly Dulles Airport is analogous to MAE-East a major Internet Exchange Point along the East Coast of the US Internet Exchange Points Internet Exchange Points are physical locations where different networks exchange traffic much like large airport hubs such as Washington's Dulles or London's 147 Border Gateway Protocol Cisco Documentation Cisco com http www cisco com univercd cc td doc cisintwk itodoc bgp htm 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDilFOR OFFlelJlcL liSE ONLY 437 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJFQR QFFISIAL b1SE ONLY Heathrow airports Internet Exchanges IX are also known less frequently as Network Access Points or NAPs The IX system is extremely important because it greatly facilitates the movement of Internet traffic both within a country and around the world IXs permit traffic to be handed off directly between two different Autonomous Systems without incurring a cost instead of having to travel through third party networks which is usually slower and more expensive Over the past decade there has been a marked increase in the number of IXs in the world It used to be the case that in order for Internet traffic to travel within a country it had to be routed to an Internet Exchange on another continent because there was no way for a network in one city to get its traffic directly to a network in another city in the same country at least without paying a rather steep price to use a third party network Internet Exchanges principally consist of a large number of switches network devices that select a path for sending data to its next stop In general a switch is simpler than a router because it does not require as much information about the network and routing policies Some IXs are relatively small while others such as MAE-East and MAE-West in the US may have many providers as members and many different locations At the heart of this system in which traffic is voluntarily handed off or exchanged among Autonomous Systems is something called peering Peering Peering is the practice of voluntarily interconnecting distinctly separate data networks on the Internet for the purposes of exchanging traffic between the customers of the peered networks Peering usually indicates that neither party pays the other for the traffic being exchanged There are of course examples of paid peering The act of peering typically involves the following elements The physical interconnection of the networks involved The exchange of routing information through the BGP routing protocol Commercial and contractual peering contracts or aqreements Why is peering so important One of the original concepts behind the creation of the Internet was the concept of global reachability that is every point on the Internet is 148 Peering Wikipedia http en wikipedia org wiki lnternet exchange

Exchange Points and Colocation Facilities 14 November 2006 438 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlel L b1SE ONLY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFISIAL I JS g JbY in theory reachable by and from any other point on the Internet But at the same time every network most certainly is not connected directly to every other network on the Internet so there had to be accommodations made to ensure that traffic could flow freely around the globe This mutually beneficial arrangement to exchange Internet data freely between two networks is a peering agreement I'll accept and forward your traffic if you'll accept and forward mine CIDR One final concept needs to be mentioned About a decade ago people realized that something had to be done about Internet addressing There were real concerns that we would run out of IP addresses and run out of capacity in global routing tables with new networks being connected to the Internet at the rate of about one every thirty minutes The solution was something called CIDR pronounced cider CIDR CIDR stands for Classless Inter-Domain Routing CIDR is an effective method to stem the tide of IP address allocation as well as routing table overflow Without CIDR having been implemented in 1994 1995 the Internet would not be functioning today Basically CIDR eliminates the concept of class A B and C networks and replaces this with a generalized 'IP prefix 149 CIDR permits blocks of addresses to be assigned to networks as small as 32 hosts or as large as those with over a half a million hosts This type of address assignment more accurately reflects an organization's actual size and specific network requirements What is the relationship between CIDR and the Autonomous System Perhaps the easiest way to understand their relationship is to think of an Autonomous System as a collection of CIDR IP address prefixes under common technical management For example the CIDR block from 208 130 28 0 to 208 130 31 255 as well as network 201 64 75 0 might be AS2934 n150 In turn AS2934 may represent one network made up of 50 computers or fifty networks made up of thousands of computers 149 The CIDR FAQ version 7 0 May 2004 http www interall co il cidr htm l 14 November 2006 150 Autonomous System Connected An Internet Encyclopedia Third Edition April 1997 http www freesofLorq CIE Topics 4 h tm 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDI '1-0 Ol-l-lelAL tiS ONL' 439 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFl61AL USE ONLY 440 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL SE mJbY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL US Or lt f Researching Internet Statistics Typical research questions about the Internet concern its size numbers of websites numbers of users where they are who they are what ISPs serve a particular city etc This information is available on the Internet and knowing a few of the best basic sources of Internet-related data will give you a head start in finding these facts fast Network Wizards Domain Survey http www isc orq ds One of the best sites that tracks the growth of the Internet is the Network Wizards Internet Domain Survey Network Wizards has been surveying the Internet since 1987 and provides very straightforward data about numbers of hosts on the Internet and their distribution by top-level domain Thus researchers can quickly find out the INFO domain went from 2128 hosts in Jan 2002 to 76692 in the July 2006 survey Network Wizards also provides a very good explanation of how they conduct their surveys They make the important point that their numbers are fairly good estimates of the minimum size of the Internet They have no way of telling how many hosts or domains they did not locate Netcraft http news netcraft com Another Internet statistics site of long-standing is Netcraft best known for its what's that site running data Netcraft keeps track of a wide range of data about the Internet including market share of web servers operating systems hosting providers ISPs encrypted transactions electronic commerce scripting languages and content technologies on the Internet Netcraft is probably the top site for information about Internet technology usage UNCLASSIFIEDllfFOR OFFlCI lcL l JSE ONLY 441 OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDilFOR OFFICIAL tJSE Ol4LY C FT S it e S e arcn IT u olh Cli r I Ne t c r -at t Sit e r eport for v 1' n a s a g o v Site l 11 @l U htt p wwv ntl i a ' O I H ' olC l ce l I'tQ1 li Q wWw lM tu net- Domain 888 I P a dd l e55 1J'5 Co un try D a te fi l 5l 'u e n Do m ain 66 63 8 8 i5try Drvanisati on August 1 9 9 D NS admin dn s@na s a gov • m n o wn Ra ver $e DN5 unkno wn u n n o wn Narnese1 Ver unk no wn Ol 'gani 5a tio n l h clc anothQr I te Ho ptin9 HIstory Netblock Owne P C· S L Q Jp d n ts N T IP addn SS' OS Web ServeI ' 8 4 45 22 4 9 L i nu Ap cc nc cueos onl ' h Q 2 0 4 changed U nl o rnQ d _ po rl l l' 09 -do Y P Q I 6 1 r 'J ·l l j i E ili '·1' i · ¥'_ Thr fj f • I cov a le n t_ il u t h 2 3 DA V 2 COY ilhu tS SL 2 '3 3 R SN S S LC mod Jk l 2 2- b e t l- 1 J' k 5rYull n2 23 32 23 L ln u Apa ch e f2 0 4 5 U n l modJl e rl l '99 0'9- du Perl l 6 1 l l _il i -' n ' TI · 'F r L'lo lt _ cOllil lo n t _OIuthl2 3 OAVl 2 Co I nt SSL 2 3 3 RS AJ'SS LC lffi t m o d - t k ll 2 2 -bet a -l ClickZ Stats http www c1ickz com stats Jupiter Media bought NUA the Network Users Association a European Internet consultancy that tracked many types of Internet trends and surveys around the world and combined it with its former competitor The ClickZ Stats sites provides detailed information about Internet usage in many sectors and topics demographics geographies wireless government finance hardware etc The statistics tend to be consumer-oriented e g DVR usage but there are a number of technology surveys as well e g the global VolP market More good sources of statistical and usage information Global Reach's Global Internet Statistics by Language http www glreach com globstats Internet Traffic Report http www internettrafficreport com main htm Zooknic Internet Statistics 442 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY http www zo oknic com DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNF6R 6FFIeiAL l ISE OP4LY Regional Registries and NICs Despite the wild west metaphors applied to the Internet in one respect it is quite orderly Domain names and IP addresses are assigned registered and stored in repositories around the world that are publicly accessible from anywhere This means it is usually a simple matter to find an IP address given a domain name and vice versa But the registries store other valuable information as well such as who has registered the IP address associated domain names the network name the registering organization name and address and points of contact usually system administrators along with their phone fax numbers and email addresses The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICANN is the nonprofit corporation that was formed to take over responsibility for the IP address space allocation protocol parameter assignment domain name system management and root server system management functions previously performed under US-government contract by lANA InterNIC and other entities While there is virtually no limit to the number of possible domain names there are very definite limits to the number of IP addresses available which means distribution and allocation of IP addresses is strictly controlled IP address space is distributed hierarchically by ICANN which allocates blocks of IP address space to Regional Internet Registries RIRs more often called Network Information Centers-NICs These RIRs in turn allocate blocks of IP addresses to Local Internet Registries It is these local registries that assign IP addresses to local ISPs who in turn allocate addresses to end users There are five Regional Internet Registries RIPE NCC for Europe and the Middle East APNIC for the Asian Pacific countries and ARIN the American Registry for Internet Numbers LACNIC the Latin American and Caribbean Network Information Center AfriNIC the African Network Information Center UNCLASSIFIED I FOR OFFlSIAb l JSi OIlIL¥ 443 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDi IiO OlililelAL USE OP4LY ARIN took over InterNIC's responsibility for managing IP number assignments though ARIN does not have the responsibility InterNIC once did for registering domain names ARIN is modeled after RIPE and APNIC that is it is an independent non-profit corporation responsible for managing IP addresses for North America In December 2005 the new EU top-level domain opened for business According to the European Registry of Internet Domain Names EURid website anyone based in the European Union can register a eu domain name as long as it is available EURid has more than 1000 accredited registrars from all over the world At the same time as registration began EUint opened a Whois search site for eu domains One indication of the popularity of the EU domain is that the Google search site eu returns nearly 39 million hits European Registry of Internet Domain Names EURid http www eurid eu en registrant Complete List of Accredited EURid Registrars http list eurid eu registrars ListReg istrars htm lang en EURid Whois http www whois eu whois GetDomainStatus htm 151 Number Resources Organization http www nro netlaboutlget resources hlml 30 January 2007 444 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL l ISE ONbY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY I believe the best site for finding top-level domains and their associated Regional Internet Registry is maintained by the Number Resource Organization NRO which was formed by the five RIRs in 2003 to formalise their co-operative efforts The site includes a great deal of information about the RIRs including a chart of each country and its associated RIR RIPE also provides such a list NRO's List of Country Codes and RIRs http www nro net aboutlrir-areas-rir html List of Country Codes and RIRs http www ripe net info resource-admin rir-areas html ICANN and the Regional Internet Registries aka NICs ICANN http www ieann org AfriNIC http www afrinic net APNIC http www apn ie net http www arin net ARIN European Registry of Internet Domain Names EURid http www eurid eu LACNIC http lacnic net en RIPE http www ripe net The Ipv6 Transition The current Internet addressing system uses IP version 4 and has for more than 20 years However the transition to IP version 6 IPv6 is underway especially in Europe and Asia The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICANN the independent body that coordinates the Internet's address system announced in July 2004 that IP version 6 commonly written IPv6 and referred to as the next generation IP addressing system has been added to the Internet's root server system Vincent Cerf an Internet founding father and a member of ICANN's board of directors made the announcement at ICANN's annual meeting in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia In practical terms what does the addition of IPv6 mean Today there are still only 13 root domain name servers that contain the master records for all Internet address mapping UNCLASSIFIEDn o OFFICIAL USE Of4LY 445 DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEOHFOR OFFIGIAL l J5E ONLY See also AS 112 presentations The root hints file named cache rcot ca root hints can be obtained via lANA's pa ge for popular links NEWS PRESENTATIONS DatE' Subject 200'1-01-29 New IP add es ' for broot-servers net 92 22879 201 200 3-0 1- '2'1 GAC meeting during lCi NN meeting in ho de Jar ei PDF 200'1-01-26 New AS numberfor i root-servers net WSIS meetiqg in Geneva PDF Occasion J Complete list--2f Rresentations Root Servers org http www root-servers org This current set of rules used for Internet addresses IPv4 became the Internet standard in 1981 and at that time it seemed as though it would provide enough addresses to last forever But forever turned out to be a lot shorter than anyone anticipated and the range of numbers used under the IPv4 is slowly running out about two thirds of the 4 3 billion numbers allocated have been used So a new set of rules called IPv6 was created IPv6 will increase the number of numerical addresses to 340 billion billion billion billion numbers This should be enough for the life of the Internet in any event regardless of how many computers devices or imaginary beings need to connect to it IPv6 is also supposed to add reliability and security enhancements because of such features as built-in encryption I would not panic about some overnight shift from IPv4 to IPv6 Cerf said that the plan is for IPv6 to run parallel to IPv4 for about 20 years to ensure that any bugs or system errors are discovered and corrected For more information on IPv6 see the IPv6 Information Page and read the November 2005 interview with Latif Ladid founder of the IPv6 Forum in which he asserts Overall I would say that the show is happening in Asia and in five years time you can expect China to be the biggest IPv6 user base in the world By 2010 they will have two or three hundred million people using IPv6 Today the Western world will be taken by surprise We are staying in denial 152 IPv6 migration will happen-it's only a matter of when not if Ipv6 Information Page http www ipv6 org 152 Dahna McConnachie IPv6 Forum Chief The New Internet is Ready for Consumption Computerworld 18 November 2005 http www computerworld com au index php id 75779762 15 November 2006 446 UNCLA55IFIE0l1FO OJiJilell8lL l J5E e 'bY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDifl'OR OI' ICI %t US ONt· The Shared Registration System InterNIC which was the original US-government sponsored domain name registry no longer allocates IP addresses or registers domain names Just as its IP address allocation functions were turned over to ARIN its authority for registering the Top Level Domains TLDs COM NET ORG and EDU and even more importantly managing the vast database of registered domain names was first assumed by Network Solutions In 1999 the Shared Registration System for the COM NET and ORG domains was opened on equal terms to all accredited registrars meaning that any company that meets ICANN's standards for accreditation is able to enter the market as a registrar and offer customers competitive domain name registration services in the COM NET and ORG domains More new generic top-level domains are being approved by ICANN all the time Among those now in use are BIZ INFO COOP AERO NAME PRO and MUSEUM with more on the way For more information on these new TLDs how to and who may register them see the InterNIC FAQ on new top-level domains http www internic net fags new-tlds html Shared Registration System SRS Warning If you look up a com org or net domain name at the website of any SRS member NSI etc be careful Your domain name search will contain only technical information about the registered domain name and referral information for the registrar of the domain name In the Shared Registration System model registrars are responsible for maintaining Whois domain name contact information To obtain information on the Registrant of a domain name go to the registrar's web site listed What does this mean To see the complete Whois record you must go to the registrar's website' or use a Whois browser interface that queries multiple Whois databases more on this below The accuracy of the data in the Whois databases however is problematic ICANN issued its first report on the accuracy of Whois database information in March 2004 The report is the first in what will be a series of annual reports on the status of complaints about Whois entries Since ICANN instituted the Whois Data UNCLASSIFIEDUFQR QFFISIAL I ISE QNLY 447 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61AL USE ONLY Problem Report System WDPRS in September 2002 to let individual users report incorrect or incomplete domain registration information they received over 24 000 complaints Of those nearly 5 000 of the complaints concerned domains containing incorrect or incomplete contact information-telephone numbers email addresses street addresses-for known or suspected spammers One problem with correcting inaccurate Whois information is that there is no real enforcement mechanism in place Although all registrars accredited by ICANN to register domain names are required to provide accurate and reliable contact details and promptly correct and update them during the term of the registered name registration there is no process for following up to make sure reported inaccuracies are corrected or domain names taken away from offenders The ICANN report claimed that ICANN's experience has been that accredited registrars by and large do conscientiously comply with their contractual obligations by acting promptly to correct incomplete or inaccurate data that is brought to their attention However without stronger means of enforcing compliance there is no way of ensuring Whois data is accurate and complete Whois Data Problem Report System http wdprs internic net Internet Myth You can tell a domain's country of origin by looking at its TLD Internet Fact MANY foreign websites use com net and to a lesser extent other top-level domains so not every foreign site will accurately reflect its country of origin by digraph Moreover many country registries will sell their TLD to anyone willing to pay You cannot reliably determine country of origin by looking at a TLD 448 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL tJSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelAL 1 I5E OtJb¥ Domain Name Registries Every country has its own assigned top-level domain ccTLD in the form of a digraph de for Germany bo for Bolivia etc Finding the ccTLD administrator that registered a particular domain name is vital for finding all the available data registered about that name and its assigned IP address Because local registries have the added responsibility for assigning domain names they usually maintain separate databases that often provide more information than the regional repositories Most national registries offer some kind of a searchable database of their registered domain names Country-level registries are some of the best places to search for information about specific domains A number of websites list links to domain name registries around the world All these sites present complete up-to-date lists of Internet country codes aka ccTLDs Domain Name Registries Around the World offers both a country and digraph sort lANA only lists the codes alphabetically by digraph Nol'id Theno top-level domain registry Domain name registration Domain name registrtes around the wortd Look up domains Whois database for no The list below contains the two-letter TLDs according to l 'U s list all in alphabetical order For bstingsorted by country names in alphabetical order please see the ll1 Jh3 i d a country-name h The contents of these lists are identical IDN Conversion DNS zone check TLPs 1 b c 1 e f 2 it Ii k 1 TO U o J q 1 $ f U v W X ' Z Domain conflicts NOTE 1hi j is only administering the 110 TID Registrars Policy for tho 110 domain gILDs bit bb EML cat bd Bangladesh be B jdl1m bf B lfkJJ1 't F s · al AJh'I t am Armcrua bg I 'llg lflJ bh 3ilhr JX bi uwr h bj Benin bm3 l 11Jd 1 infe l' pt n TLL jut btl' int naj bn Pruner bo r uc lb B 'h i 1 cd '- ' 'f' rLO 'l nO L1 tiG rt pUt ' 'G th l fr lTIH f Z e rh S·kjt fI 1 nd ci C-tt d'b 'lr ck '-' J Hhr J rl CJ cm r r f r V '11 ' 'hm '0 ·k·r ll· at _' J t nn jcbs mil mobi au Au ' lt bs Bithi J l 1f bt21y t3 bv 3 I'- d I L 't yj ru Cui-a Domain Name Registries Around the World http www norid no domenenavnbaser domreg html lANA's Contact List for TLD Administrators http www iana org root-whois index html UNCLASSIFIEDOFOR OFFISIAL l ISE ONb¥ 449 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE or LY Yahoo's Computers and Internet Domain Name Registration http dir yahoo com Computers and Internet Internet Domain Name Registration - Top Level Domains TLDs Registry Operators International Country Codes The Least You Need to Know about IPs and Domains The Regional Internet Registries aka NICs are responsible solely for IP address allocation and registration usually to Local Internet Registries or very large ISPs All five NICs ARIN APNIC AfriNIC lACNIC and RIPE maintain databases that contain formatted information about all IP addresses they have allocated or assigned including those IP addresses its regional registries have authority to assign You can look up an IP number-but not a domain-at a NIC local registries usually operating at country level e g DENIC for Germany register domain names and in many cases also allocate IP addresses Domain name registration for the com org net biz info etc TLDs has become a wide-open commercial enterprise Anyone anywhere can register these TLDs 450 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE m'LY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFlOIjl cL USE ONLY Understanding Domain Name and Whois lookup Tools Domain names are nothing more than aliases for IP addresses they are a-convenience for human beings who have more trouble remembering long numbers than letters words and names But computers love numbers so every time you enter a uri an address that contains the protocol host domain directory and file information the computers that really are the Internet translate that name into its corresponding IP address How do the computers know what domain name matches which IP number DNS the domain name system or service DNS is the Internet service that translates domain names such as www amazon com into IP addresses DNS is a huge distributed database residing on a network of servers If a DNS server does not know how to translate a domain name it will simply query another DNS server until it finds one that can translate the domain name to the correct IP address Every server a computer that offers services to other computers connected to the Internet has some information about domain names DNS servers keep huge lists of domain names matched with their IP addresses Invisible to us the Internet users the domain names are converted to their numerical addresses using the tables on DNS servers and we get to where we want to be 'Web Tip For a more detailed explanation of the Domain Name System Service see The Domain Name Service http www scit wlv ac uk -jphb comms dns html DNS and BIND 3rd Edition O'Reilly Online Catalog http www oreilly com catalog dns3 chapter ch02 html Fortunately there are many freely accessible tools for accessing and analyzing the domain name system Domain name and Whois lookup are among the most useful tools available on the Internet Many different kinds of tools are used for gathering information about domain names and or IP addresses Before using these tools it is helpful to review how domain names and IP addresses work together to make it UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlCIjl cL USE ONLY 451 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlFQR QFFIGIAL l JSE QNLY possible for users to navigate the web and which Internet resources these tools access in order to provide information about domain names and IP addresses After the DNS the Whois databases maintained by the Regional Internet Registries are the second major source of information about Internet addresses The Whois databases contain records of IP address registrations Searches that access the Whois databases are generally known as network lookups or network Whois lookups In contrast to the DNS the five Whois databases-ARIN APNIC AfriNIC LACNIC and RIPE-are not distributed on servers across the Internet but must be queried individually In addition these databases are designed to search on IP addresses not domain names A different type of tool should be used when searching on domain names Unfortunately to add to the confusion this tool is also referred to as a Whois lookup In order to distinguish this third major resource from true Whois lookups I will call it domain name Whois lookup Domain name lookups search one or more domain name registries Domain name registries are the places on the Internet where individuals and organizations go to register a name generally intended to be associated with a website e g amazon com These registries include the generic top-level domain gTLD registries for com net org biz info and a few other gTLDs as well as country code top-level domain ccTLD registries e g uk it ru et al Domain name Whois lookups differ from network Whois lookups in that they are primarily designed to search on a domain name instead of an IP address All of the domain lookup tools described here can search more than one domain registry and in some cases will automatically search across all of them These are the various types of lookups that can be performed to learn more about Internet addresses NSLookup-input format either IP address or domain name Using the DNS a domain name is converted to its IP address forward DNS lookup or an IP address is converted to its host name reverse DNS lookup NSLookup is a UNIX tool that allows anyone using the Internet to access the DNS and match domain names to IP addresses or vice versa Web interface query forms for NSLookup are very numerous Although NSLookup doesn't do anything more than match domain names and IP addresses this may be all you need or may give you the information you need to keep looking For example I have had domain names I could not match to any IP number using a Whois search By running an NSLookup query I have found an IP number that I could then use to track down registration information about that domain The advantage of NSLookup is that unlike Whois requests NSLookup queries can be run from anywhere on the Internet because the DNS data is not located in one database on one server but is distributed across a collection of inter- 452 UNCLASSIFIEDllf6R OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiillOft OJiJilelAL tl5E or LY communicating computers known as name servers that translate domain names to IP addresses and vice versa NSlookup Tools AnalogX http l www analogx com contents dnsdig htm Check DNS http www checkdns netlquickcheck aspx DNS Stuff http www dnsstuff com Eye-Net Consulting http www enc com au itools Infobear http www infobear com nslookup shtml Multiple NSLookup http www bankes com nslookup htm SmartWhois NSLookup http swhois netl Squish DNS Lookup http www squish netldnscheck A free service for DNS experts Given a record name and a record type you will receive a report detailing all possible answers This is accomplished by traversing the DNS tree from the root examining all possible routes that a client could travel calculating percentage probabilities on the way WebReference NsLookup Gateway http www webreference com cgi-bin nslookup cgi Zone Edit NSLookup http www zoneedit com lookup html ad goto kw nslookup NSLookup This DNS utility is provided by ZoneEdit COUl the industry leader in DNS and domain mangement solutions Click here to sign up for a free no obligation trial of om- dns services Click here to use our S MTP test utility Click here to use our global whois utility domain ownership info DNS Lookup Reverse Lookup 1 Enter a host name for Forward DNS 1 Enter an If' address for Reverse Lookup Lookup I 2 Select record t 'Ve optional lip Address A I Look it up IE 216 115 108 245 2 Enter server name or If' optional oJ 3 Enter server name 4 I IE yahoo com I 01' If' optional 3 Look it up I I These sites provide Ipv6 lookups in addition to Ipv4 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlGlAL 1 J5E ONLY 453 DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDffFOft OFFlelAL USE OP4L¥ Network Whois lookup-input format IP address IP address blocks are maintained by ARIN RIPE AfriNIC LACNIC and APNIC in separate non-distributed databases Formatted Whois data provides a wealth of registration information All five Whois databases allow for advanced searches on fields other than IP address Domain Name Whois lookup-input format domain name Checks a domain name against registration records based upon that domain name's TLD com uk ru etc some automated programs can search some or all domain name registries at once The confusion about domain name and Whois lookups is probably in part caused by the fact that domain name registration is separate from IP address assignment Perhaps the easiest way to understand this is to consider the following fictitious overly simplistic example An imaginary Russian company named Moscow Motors wants to register two domain names moscowmotors ru and moscowmotors com But Moscow Motors only wants to use one IP address through its ISP RT Communications RTComm Network in Moscow The European Registry RIPE maintains the block of IP addresses handled by RTComm Next Moscow Motors goes to Network Solutions Inc to register its moscowmotors com domain name and to RU-Center the Russian top-level domain name registration service to register its moscowmotors ru domain name Both domain names resolve to the same IP address registered with RIPE Now let's say a user runs a domain name lookup against moscowmotors com He finds the domain name is registered with Network Solutions but when he tries to look up the corresponding IP address belonging to moscowmotors com he finds there is no network Whois record in the American Registry ARIN Whois database Why Because the ARIN Whois database only contains IP addresses assigned to it and moscowmotors com resolves to an IP address in the European RIPE database If you would like to see a real-life example of what I've just described try the following 1 Go to Domain Dossier http centralops netlcolDomainDossier vbs asp and enter the following query ripe net search on domain whois record and network whois record 2 Look at the IP address for ripe net 193 0 0 203 454 UNCLA551FIEDJlFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDf flO Ofll 'IelAL tJSE ot L't' 3 Look at the Domain Whois record ripe net is registered with Network Solutions Inc 4 Look at the Network Whois records 193 0 0 203 is not registered in the ARIN American Whois database it is registered in the RIPE European Whois database One point of this example is to warn people against making assumptions about the relationship between domain names and IP addresses especially the generic TLDs such as com net org info and biz Do not assume that a domain name in any of these generic TLDs will have an IP address registered by ARIN the North American Registry However Local Registries usually country-level registries often have restrictions on who can and cannot register their top-level domains In these cases IP addresses and domain names are more likely to correspond e g a ru domain almost certainly has an IP address registered in the RIPE database but even in these cases there are exceptions There are many variations in the precise type format quantity and quality of the information each tool described below provides I will explain the features of each so you can get an idea of which tool to use in which circumstance For each tool I have listed its special features so you can quickly determine which tool is right for your specific research need World Network Whois Databases AfriNIC APN C ARiN LACNIC RIPE E cc Special features official international registrars of IP addresses advanced search on many other fields in Whois database All five international registrars permit simple and advanced queries of the Whois databases via web interfaces Each database must be queried separately however there are third-party sites that will query all these databases at one time Advanced search pages at each site give instructions on which fields in the Whois database can be searched For example all the Whois advanced searches permit lookups of network name person mayor may not be an individual AS autonomous system number and even an associated domain although these Whois databases should not be used for domain name lookups UNCLASSIFIEDNFeR eFFIGIAb blS eNb¥ 455 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlel L USE ONLY For anything and everything you ever wanted to know about Whois databases refer to the RIPE Database Reference Manual The manual's instructions also apply to the ARIN and APNIC databases RIPE Database Reference Manual http www ripe neUripe docs databaseref-manual html APNIC Whois lookups APNIC Whois help http www apnic net search index html http www apnic neUdb search all-options html IP address registration for Asia-Pacific countries ARIN http www arin netlwhois index html IP address registration for North America ARIN Whois help http www arin net tools whoishelp html AfriNIC Whois http www afrinic neUcgi-bin whois AfriNIC Database User Manual http www afrinic netldocs db afsup-dbgs200501 htm EURid Whois http www whois eu whois GetDomainStatus htm LACNIC Whois http lacnic net cgi-bin lacnic whois RIPE http www ripe net perl whois IP address registration for Europe North Africa and the Middle East RIPE Whois help http www ripe netlripencc pub -services db whois whoishelp html Global Network Whois Search Tools The following sites offer web interfaces that will either search all five regional Whois databases at once or individually Whois at Webhosting info http whois webhosting info Special features shows hosting company name with total domains and gives reverse IP list Describing itself as power whois Web Hosting's advanced Whois service gives some additional bits of information that don't come with traditional whois lookups 456 UNCLASSIFIEO l FOR OFFIGI L USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOffIiO OlililelAL USE ONLY Web Hosting Company hosting the domain name Current IP Address of the domain Geographical location of the IP Address Reverse IP Facility - Lists all domains hosted on an IP Address Domain Owner Details - Registrant Admin Contact etc MSV DK Network Whois http msv dk ms593 aspx Special feature searches across all registries Will quickly search all three main Whois databases ARIN APNIC and RIPE IP-Plus http www ip-plus ch tools whoisset en html Special feature in addition to the main Whois databases option to search several other country-level Network Information Centers Does not search all Whois databases at once each must be searched individually from pull-down menu http dns411 com DNS411 Special feature smart Whois searches across all Whois databases automatically DNS411 uses the smart Whois search to perform universal IP address and domain names lookups Even though the search form says to enter a domain name it searches on IP addresses as well In addition DNS411 will search on second-level domain names e g amazon co uk NIC Handles unique identifiers assigned to each domain name contact and network records in a registrar's database IP addresses Autonomous System AS numbers and Netblock Handles automatically across all registries See the tips page for details http network-tools com Network-Tools Special feature in addition to network Whois lookups offers full range of network lookup tools on one page Does not search all Whois databases at once each must be searched individually from pull-down menu Also offers other network tools ping NSLookup traceroute DNS records etc Geektools http www geektools com whois php Special feature automatic domain name IP address search across all registries Geektools has long been a staple of many research toolkits by providing a fast and easy universal Whois lookup for both domain names and IP addresses Must UNCLASSIFIEOiiPOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 457 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFl61All lSE ONLY enter full name domain plus TLD or IP number no partial searches or wildcard function Domain Dossier http centralops netico DomainDossier vbs asp Special Features searches across all the network Whois Registries shows DNS records and performs service scan from one query Domain Dossier now supports internationalized domain names IDNs Domain Dossier is one of the best lookup tools for a fast thorough search of the three main network Whois Registries ARIN RIPE APNIC Select network whois record for automatic search of IP or domain name results include canonical name aliases and IP addresses domain or IP address c ll1m 1 C domain whois record CONS records r network whois record j service scan C trace route user 206 112 75 238 anonymous 49 50 log in I get account -- end -return to en' ra ' p n t Domain Dossier now supports internationalized domain names lDNs Trya few 2J ' IT B fill JP i h '· ' Jr'1 'H J i B' Ii7l I ' @ P·L CI 0311k- as ck rn ljl dc' Domain Name Whois lookups Each site described below either has the ability to search for domain names across all TLDs or has some sort of wildcard function when searching for domain names Wildcard functions are highlighted in red Some sites will search on second-level domain names e g mfa co jp Allwhois http www allwhois com Special features search any TLD full Whois output directly from appropriate database alphabetical list of country NICs with links to websites second-level domain name search Allwhois automatically queries the appropriate Whois database for registration information The output which appears in a small window below the query box is directly from the Whois database without any changes Allwhois's other useful feature is an alphabetical list of registries around the world with the corresponding country code listed next to the country name You can jump to 458 UNCLASSIFIEOIJFOR OFFICI1 L t ISE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDlfFOft OFFlelAL l J5E ONLY any registry's Whois page directly from Allwhois However keep in mind that this list of Whois pages is not complete For example Saudi Arabia has a NIC with a Whois tool but it is not on the list http www checkdomain com Checkdomains Special features universal search domain names across all TLDs at once search on second-level domains Checkdomain com will check for registrations of any domain name across all registries Checkdomain will also search for second-level domain names such as cars co uk and provide registration information for them http www coolwhois com CoolWhois Special Features universal domain name search across all TLDs search on second-level domains bookmarklet can be added to the browser toolbar CoolWhois really is It is a true cross-domain name search tool that automatically looks up a domain name in any TLD An added feature of CoolWhois is a neat little bookmarklet a piece of JavaScript that you add to your browser toolbar simply by dragging and dropping it there Once it's there all you have to do to perform a domain name lookup on any page you're viewing is to click on the CoolWhois bookmarklet which looks exactly like a personal toolbar link http dns411 com DNS411 Special features universal domain name search across all TLDs search on secondlevel domains many other unusual lookup options DNS411 uses the smart Whois search to perform universal domain names lookups In addition DNS411 will search on second-level domain names e g amazon co uk NIC Handles unique identifiers assigned to each domain name contact and network records in a registrar's database IP addresses Autonomous System AS numbers and Netblock Handles automatically across all registries See the tips page for details http www drwhois coml DrWhois Special feature universal domain namellP address search across all TLDs DrWhois searches for domain names or IP addresses across all registries and will also search on second-level domain names such as mfa gov ir UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l- JS ONb¥ 459 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l J5E SPUN Domain Dossier http centralops net co DomainDossier vbs asQ Special Features searches across all the network Whois Registries shows DNS records and performs service scan from one query Domain Dossier now supports internationalized domain names IONs Domain Dossier is one of the best lookup tools for a fast thorough search of the three major network Whois Registries ARIN RIPE APNIC Domain Dossier also automatically searches the InterNIC and Open SRS domain Whois records provides DNS records name servers mail exchanges etc and performs a service scan which shows the status of FTP SMTP HTTP POP3 and NNTP Ports Domainsearch http www domainsearch com Special feature search domain name against many combinations of TLDs including many second-level domains The advantage of Domainsearch com is that it allows you to check a domain name's registration against many available extensions at once You enter a domain name without any extension into the search box then select the extensions you want to search using the CTRL key for multiple selections Domainsearch includes not only TLDs e g au but also many second-level domains e g com au If a name is registered it will appear with a small i inside a blue circle clicking on the i brings up the Whois data for that domain name Not all TLDs are listed as extensions CheckDNS http www checkdns netlquickcheckdomainf aspx Special feature generates the most detailed domain report available for free on the web CheckDNS NET can check DNS delegation mail and web servers for any domain The detailed report that is generated is I believe unique among the various Whois tools available for free 460 UNCLASSIFIEDh'l eR eFFl61AL l J5E ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOUFOR OFFlGI1 L lSI ONLY CheckDNS NET is testingmfa g y i rsm tl ' lj·fI U tU t 'i1gt#§' 'fflfflIffli 1itiffltdrm tiftt ll¥ii Got DNS list fOI 'mfa gov ir'from ns nic ir or ns nic ir o o Found NS record irservl iredco com 194 165 0 1 0 was resolved to IP address by ns nic ir l ' i Domain has 2 DNS serverls Found NS record web-srv mfa gov ir 82 100 96 245 was resolved to IP address by ns nic ir or ns nic ir or ns nic ir t J f m amtl'Egirmmti' G¥'i¥ tZ- o o Error fetching SOA from web-srv mfa gov ir 82 100 96 245 request timed out Probably DNS server is offline • DNS server irservl iredco com 194 165 0 1 OJ is alive and authoritative for domain mfa gov ir 1 server s are alive 4@ 4@ DNS server web-srv mfa gov ir failed and will be dropped from other tests 4@ t Jmt a 'Z - liGmt ftjl 1l' fj·66i t¥¥ nXJYt1 I J ' o Your server has zone version 2000091808 NS list mismatch registration authority reports that domain is hosted on the following servers 'web-srv mla gov il irserv'l iredco corn' but DNS server irserv1 iredco com reports domain to be hosted on 'irserv1 iredco om irs8Iv2 iredco com' 'ittM a uii'4i a4j 11 94 4 rJiI DNS round-robing with multiple web servers detected o Checking HTTP server www mfa gov ir 217 172 99 246 o HTTPserverwww mfa gov ir 217 172 99 246 answersonport 80 t lI Received HTTP l l 200 OK Server Microsoft-IIS 6 0j Welcome to Ministry of Foreign Affairs 01 I R of Iran H2 FONT ·SIZE 10pt MARGIN Ocm Ocm Opt DIRECTION rtl FONT-FAMilY Times New Roman unicode-bidi embed TEXT-ALIGN right Arhover color ItFFOOOO http www mla gov ir The Islamic Republic 01 Iran is an active partner in the global co o o Checking HTTP server www mfa gov ir 217 172 99 12 Error connecting to HTTP server www mfa gov ir 217 172 99 12 port 80' timed out waiting for connection o Error connecting to HTTPserverwww mfa gov ir 217 172 99_245 port80 timed out waiting for connection Checking HTTP server www mla gov ir 217 172 99245 Domain mfa gov ir has only one mail-server o Checking mail server PRI 10J email mfa gov ir 194 165 0 14 o Mail server email mfa gov ir 194 165 0 14 answers on port 25 cc c » » » 4rh 220 email mla gov ir ESMTP HELD www checkdns net 250 email mla gov ir MAil FROM dnscheck@uniplace com 250 ok RCPT TO postmaster@mfa gov ir 250 ok QUIT o Mail server email mfa gov ir l94 165 0 14 acceptsmailformfa gov ir t lI All MX are conlioured properly UNCLASSIFIEOt'i'FOR OFFIGIAL ISE 8NbY 461 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOIIFOR OFFICIAL liSE ONLY Domainsurfer http www domainsurfer com Special feature offers some wildcard search capability for domain names registered in major gTLDs Domainsurfer offers some degree of wildcard searching If you simply search for any domain name without a TLD extension Domainsurfer will find all appearances of that search string regardless of where the string appears in the domain name For example if I search for sonia Domainsurfer will find smithsonian as well as sonia-net In order to find domain names that begin with a string prepend a carat A to the string e g to find sonia-net but not smithsonian the query is Asonia Only queries the com org net biz info gTLDs EasyWhois http www easywhois com Special feature automatic universal first- and second-level Whois lookups Automatically searches for most gTLD and country-level domains including second-level domains e g amazon co uk In March 2004 EasyWhois found it necessary to add a Turing number field to cut down the autobots and data mining activity All this means is that you must enter the number in the green box before running a query Geektools http www geektools com whois php Special feature universal domain namellP address search across all TLDs Geektools has long been a staple of many analyst toolkits by providing a fast and easy universal Whois lookup for both domain names and IP addresses Users must enter full name domain plus TLD or IP number no partial searches or wildcard function Geektools also requires users to enter the text shown below in the Key field before submitting a query because of autobots and data mining activity Namedroppers http www namedroppers com Special feature unusual wildcard option to run multiple keyword searches for domain names in the major gTLDs Namedroppers offers a different approach you can enter a number of keywords to include or exclude in your search So a search for domain names that contain the keywords national and security and exclude the keyword association will find 153 domain names out of 29 million including nationalairportsecurity com and internationalnetsecurity com Unfortunately Namedroppers only queries com net org and edu TLDs 462 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFICIAL liSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFIGIAL b16i QNb¥ Multiple DNS Lookup Engine http www bankes com nslookup htm Special feature performs simple automatic network mapping Another invaluable web tool the Multiple DNS Lookup Engine does something unique as far as I know it steps you through an entire IP address block up or down You either enter an IP address or a domain name and decide whether you want the lookup tool to step up or down from that address The tool then lists the next address in the neighborhood associated IP or domain name and in some cases links to registration information This tool is ideal for mapping a network Netcraft http searchdns netcraft com host Netcraft Search Help http searchdns netcraft coml help yes Special features true wildcard function against all TLDs provides information about what a site is running Netcraft is many researchers' favorite lookup tool because of its flexibility and power Netcraft is designed to perform wildcard searches of domain names and it queries all TLD extensions The simple search offers the option of searching for a domain name where the search string contains starts with ends with or matches a subdomain l' Netcraft also offers three wildcard options matches any number of characters matches a single character matches on specified characters A search for sc aeio com returns all domains that contain sea com see eom sci com or sea com A search for sites that contain ir returns sites such as www irs gov whereasasearchfor ir finds only those sites in the Iranian domain If you search for gov ir Netcraft returns 11 sites including www mfa gov ir and intranet mim gov ir What's more for each hit you have the option of seeing what's that site running which provides information about the operating system and web server at the site Whois net http www whois netl Special feature wildcard matches search string anywhere in domain name or string anchored right or left Now that Whois net searches most TLDs it is one of the very best lookup tools on the web As with Domainsurfer the Whois net keyword search will find smithsonian as well as sonia-net in its default mode In order to find domain names that begin or end with a string use the advanced search form which is accessible from the search results' page 153 As of this writing the site starts with and site ends with options are all resolving to site contains UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONLY 463 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFGR QFFlGlAL l JSE ONLY Domain Tools Whois Source http whois domaintools com Domain Tools and Services http www domaintools com services Special features option-rich search includes using wildcards to search for domain names displays an image of the home page for domain records with websites One of the best Internet tool sites Whois Source was put under the umbrella of DomainTools com In most ways it remains the same but its interface is new and I think even nicer The biggest and best change is the fact that the site now queries all top-level domains and not just the usual com net etc it had queried in the past Unfortunately many of the tools offered require free registration with an email address but there are still many options available Another useful trick that still works is to type whois sc sampledomain com into your browser's address bar to get the Whois records for that domain This is a very nice to know tip that doesn't require any special software or script Here is a snapshot of DomainTools com's tools and services and I have indicated which tools require registration The remainder are fundamentally the same as those at the original site Tools and Services t ' oma nHirtory requires registration 11- Domain Auctions Bid on domain et rnuttiple luctlon Stte5 whol -hlS ry dat ibasa Iv - t 'jjJ i Alert requires registration I A erts whEn d dOfo in uses mv tradernerk registration t lCOt1' Pa ent p ndin9requires rf ver'Se iP ean h U Il ReY@r' e IP d l ' Check aVdil b hty on mDl6ple domain5 Ping Tool Neb otk pm troubleshooting tool Domain r onitDr requires registration Free toot tJJ monitor 1 rflY dorrrl ir DNS Lookup DNS Lookup bi' rewrc type 464 fi ylk Chtjd' Name Server Spy requires registration follow the banslt rs of a name server User Support A sk questions UNCLASSIFIEOY FOR OFFl6IAL l JSE O 'bY bout Dome tnTooI5 1 Dm DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFlelJ cL tJSE er LY Domain Tools offers more features than just about any other domain name search tool Users can search on one or more terms using only partial word s It also displays an image of the home page that corresponds to the domain registration record When you search on a domain and view the Domain Tools information the data provided includes Page information • website title with hyperlink to the homepage • metadata description from website's own HTML meta description tag • meta-keywords from website's own HTML meta keywords tag • About us link to Wikipedia article if applicable • related sites Indexed Data • entries at Open Directory Alexa Ranking and Trend tracking and Yl Directory • the number of listings on the site in both the Yahoo directory and DMOZ Open Directory with a link to all those listings the directory listings show the category within the directory e g History News Media the title of the specific link within the domain e g History of Religions in Iran the description of the link and the uri itself • The Alexa data shows both the site's rank for the past one and three months in terms of traffic and whether the traffic trend is up or down Server Data • type of server on which the site runs • IP address plus options for W run whois lookup P ping this address D run a DNS lookup on this address and T run a trace route to this address • IP location Le the physical location of the server hosting the domain this may not always be accurate • Response code 154 which indicates status of server Joe Burns Server Response Codes HTML Goodies htlp lwww htmlgood ies com tutors src html 14 November 2006 52 UNCLASSIFIEDN QR Q ISIAb 8E QNb¥ 465 DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY • Blacklist status which indicates if a site has been blacklisted for sending spam • SSL cert whether or not site has a site security certificate and when it expires e Website status active parked redirected on-hold deleted etc Registry Data • ICANN Registrar the registry with which the domain name registered e g Network Solutions • Created date domain name was originally created G Expires date domain name will expire G G e 466 Whois server for the domain where to get a full whois record Name server for the domain host that that enables the domain name to be resolved to an IP address Domaintools Exclusive special information provided by Domain Tools including e NS history how often the nameserver for this domain has changed • IP history how often the IP address for this domain has changed • Whois history historical whois lookups done by users of Domain Tools requires registration G Registrar Status the registry generally sets domain name status codes Domain Tools provides a detailed explanation of each code Reverse IP or the number of hosts computers this webserver hosts to see them requires free registration Whois record is displayed at the bottom of the page UNCLA55IFIED FOR OFFICIAL l JSE e'4LY I D ID 4046925 UNCLA55IFIEDh'FOR OFFlelj8cL tJSE ONLY hois Record for Amazon com Pag ' Information Thumbn ail 2006-08-27 Website Title eI Amazon com Online Shopping for Electronics Apparel Computers Books aVDs more I _ m -I _ S _Y ' c I Record Type Domain Name Meta Description Online shopping from the earth's biggest selection of books magazines music DVDs J videos electronics computers software apparel accessories shoes jewelrj J tools 8r hardware housewares furniture sporting goods beauty personal care Meta Keywords Amazon Amezcn corn Books Online Shopping Book Store Magazine Subscription Music CDs DVOs Videos Electronics Video Games Computers Cell Phones Toys Games Apparel Accessories Shoes Jewelry Watches Office Products Sports Outdoors About Us Related -f Wikj dlticJe on Amazon com Sites allbris com drnaz ln co uk barfypublic ations com l j Q t 1ellerse_7 fJ J illt £ qmJ Q-ffLlJE Q i E 9 IT 1 £ Q I cdlJniv rse urn j gouqle CfJrll j yahoo COI' I Show K Other TLDs Indexed Data DMOZ 112 li'ti gs Alexa Trend Rank n 19 1 Month 18 3 Month Y Directory 39 listings Q R ver e net 'l 0 0 it o brJ Q e If' oserver ' Qwt PsaMtpi tN7t'h Po1 nr -hie Revt t $e IP Server Type Server IP Address 72 21 206 5 ' 1 f J Lii J iI IP Location - Washington - Seattle - Amazon com Inc OOllldins fur Sale Domain Price L tdy Am -on corn $10 00 Response Code 200 AmazonDoMmes com $100 00 Blacklist Status Clear p 1 -3 or B abes 9m $251 00 Ar azonoiscounts com $500 00 SSl Cert www amazon Gcm expires in 53 days Website Status Active ArTiazor Mart com $650 00 LittleAmazon com $1 000 00 ern ICANN Registrar NETWORK SOLUTIONS LLC Created 1994-11-01 Expires 2013-10-31 Oomarn r 'l 'J C'n I $1 000 00 ArnazonCraft$ com $1 188 00 Ar r zor c nt corn $1 300 00 $1 300 00 Ar Clzor Online com $1 688 00 Registrar Status REGISTRAR-L0CK Whois Server whois networkschrtions com Name Server UDNS1 ULTRADNS NET DomainTools Exclusive NS History 2 changes Using 3 unique name servers in 2 years IP History 93 changes Using 7 unique IP addresses in 2 years whois History 953 records have been archived since 2000-04-03 Reverse IP 120 othe r sites hosted on this server Whois Record Domains At Auction Domain o IH1Hj 0n r 1arketF'laced cor '1 o Ama on-Pr Qi Q o o o A rn I 0nBtt utvCo C0m o My-Store Ama on coro o AmazonUsa n-et o o 6 IT 7 Jn-Sy n o o Dom ins i ' I c-n c m Leqa I Dept P O Box 81226 Sea t t Le WA 98108-1226 10-30-2006 10-30-2006 Amazon·Ser'lersl com 10-30-2006 Arnd 2on-Upgrades com 10·30-2006 Arn0 on-S·t com Regi tr ant 1Ur102zon cern Inc Auction Date AmazonReprrcer com 10-30-2006 10-30-2006 11·01-2006 11-01·2006 11-01-2006 11-01-2006 11-01-2006 US Dceoe i n llime AMAZON COM UNCLA551FIEDNFOR OFFlelj8cL tJ5E ONLY 467 OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDilFeK eFFlelAL USE er L' In addition Domain Tools offers very sophisticated and somewhat confusing wildcard options From the Domain Tools home page go to More Tools and Services then select Domain Search DomainTools We lcome Guest Log iniJoin Domain Search S0arC 1 gan Fran c i sco Ar t Finding a domain nem e s en r e-anc t s c o » l' Domain Search allows you to use wildcard search of all curr ent deleted a nd e xpir-e d dom ain na m e s for over 6 years wort h of hist or y t Ac a d n Y0f t · t t 11F1 U i r co Ap' i' ' r 'tml ntos - S a n F r Ol l C t s co Bu s ·Cll t r - S - F r a n c 1 s o Bu y A_ r - r n s en rs-au c I Gel' De p Ar t Sa l Fr an c i s co H e a r f 9 a n F r a n C l S C O San Fr ociac O- Ap a r cwe nt San F r n c l s o- A p s r t M n t a S l11Pr Zi lc i u co- vc -e s S a n P r a n c1 9c o - p a t y u g S ll n Fr u c l SC OA Cb dclIlYO Jill t a Advanced Se arching Tips Example left Anchor Place a in front of a word to ret urn all results starting with that wor d rr'l a ke Sa n a ppea r firs t in the re sult s by the ca rrot s ym bol in fro nt of a wo rd lik e this ' S an Fr 3nci- c o Ar1 Right Anchor Pla ce a $ be hind of a wo rd to ret urn a ll re s ult s end ing with t ha t wo rd To exclude strings Us e a In front of a wor d to excl ude th at character st rings Mak e Fra ncisco be the la st word in all re s u lts like th is S 'J n Fr m c i s e Art To remo ve a ll a pa rt re su lts pla ce t he in front of a word like th is S a n fran d s co Ar t a pa rt On this page you can use three operators to perform wildcard searches 468 A caret 1 serves as a Left Anchor to find all domains that start with a series of letters So lsmithson will find will find not only smithsonian but smithsonbrothers A dollar sign $ serves as a Right Anchor to find all domains that end with a series of letters So $afghan will find absolutelyafghan as well as yellowpageafghan and everything in between An exclamation point I serves to exclude a string of characters So lpark ling lave will find domain names that start with park and do not include the strings ing or ave anywhere in the name thus eliminating parking or parkave or parkavenue from the search In this search I have also chosen to limit the search to 25 character names exclude hyphenated domains show only active domain names and turn on the adult content filter UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFICIAL b1SE ONLY OOClO 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIED fFOR OFFICIAL US ONLY park ing 'ave - Domai n Sear ch Ad vi n c e d Sea rch Query Symbo l Key imllMM Bloc k Num ber s Ord e r P Adult Filter On r Off r Right Ancho r r Show Active only I Search r Hyphens No r Yes l eft Ancho r r rs- Domain le n g t h O M a ila ble O Ava ila ble Previously re g iste red Reg iste re d Act ive we bsite Both ® Reg iste red Pa rked or re dire cted Kee p Word Orde r r De lete d only Reset I r Both Hide Se arch D On-Hold Gen e ric 8 0 ' Search Re sults 20 181 rts Wls firund in 0 003148 5tCCG'lds om Domain M o e 0 0 0 II 0 @ 0 ·art m 0 e '-' 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 ' 0 0 0 0 0 o 1 0 e @ 0 o0 0 o0 0 1 porkO 2 pork00 7 3 pork0 27 4 park 070 2 5 park0709 6 par kOn 7 park0776 6 pa rkOur 9 par k1 10 pa rk10 11 parkl 00 12 parkl 000 CD On-Hold CD On- Hold Re demption Period Pending Delete Mo n ito r P r e v i e w Did you m ean t o s earch for lLo rk in ga Y£ - pork Reg i ster ed No websit e bi2 US ' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No pre vie w QBu y this Available @ Buy th is Bid at au ction Domains f o r Sa le Price Domain $50 00 $200 00 Tup v e com $290 00 Link Ave cQm $295 00 Fast Av e cQm $400 00 Av eRu com $700 00 HdA- e c l m $941 00 P etl ' · p com $1 000 00 Au d o A ·Fo c o m $1 000 00 In this tool Domain Tools searches generic TLDs com net org info biz and us with the status of domain names indicated by color images The old Whois sc page has not actually gone away and DomainTools com claims it will not go away By the way the Whois sc page claims that the SC TLD Seychelles used to stand for 'source' and now stands for 'short cut ' I still think Seychelles every time I see it though Whoix http www whoix com Whoix Advanced Search http www whoix com advdomsearch html Special features wildcard search on keyword across all domains enter up to 25 domain names at one time From one page users can search domains in gTLDs domains in any countrylevel TLD or second-level domain names e g co jp In addition Whoix has a keyword search that shows all domains that include the search term as part of their names but only for the most popular domains Be sure to click on the Show who owns this domain link for information about registered domains Whoix's most unusual feature however is its option to search up to 25 domain names at a time Results of this search show status taken or free and the option to view the Whois data Home page is Yahoo-like directory devoted to domain names trademarks etc Use the advanced search for options mentioned here UNCLASSIFIEDilFOR opo lelAL US 6NLY 469 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiYFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY http www xwhois com Xwhois Special features automatic universal first- second-level Whois lookups links to all country-level domain name registries Enter any domain name including first- and second-level domain names-e g bgu ac il -for automatic search of correct database Homepage includes list of all country code TLDs and links to country-level registries Whois the Oldest http www whoisd com oldestcom php Finally just for fun take a look at the 100 oldest com domains that are still registered The very first create date was 15 March 1985 Try to guess the domain name you may be surprised iWeb Tip To find an almost unlimited number of downloadable tools for your PC visit http www tucows com http download com com http downloads-zdnet com com Many very good utility programs that will allow you to run UNIX commands such as Whois ping traceroute etc from a PC are available for a small fee or for free Be sure to virus scan any executable file BEFORE you install it Also beware of ALL SHAREWARE it could be SPYWAREl Don't install software promiscuously 470 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFfiCIAL USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfifiO OfifilelAL USE OP4LY Internet Toolkits Some of the most useful websites are those with many Windows-based forms that let you run a number of different queries from one page These are often called Internet Tool Kits IP Tools or Nettools like the page at Demon net which gives users a range of query options as well as the opportunity to query RIPE lnterNIC and the UKNIC databases from one screen Helpdesk cornmunnv Internet Query Tools Communication News Shopping FlI1ance This page provides simple access to a number of Internet tools that are not otherwise readily accessible to most users unless they're running a Unix system Enter a search string and hit return in any of the boxes to perform your searches More Information • Authoritatively Check if a Domain EXists ldemon co uk SUbmit IDomain Name • Examine the DNS Data on a Particular Domain Idemon net Submn JDomain Name • Generic Whois Lookup on Domain liP Address ldemon nl Submit IDomain Name • Query the InterNIC Domain RegistryNVhois Database ldemon net Submit I IDomain Name Submit INetnamelNetworkAddress SUbmrt NamelDomainlCompanylHandfe • Lookup a COUKlORG UK Domain in the UI Database Igreenpeace org uk • Query the RIPE Database 1193 195 1 1 • Show DNS Data on an Individual Host IsamPle demon co uk Internet Query Tools RodentNet Ad Hoc IP Tools Submit INetnamelNetwork Address http www demon netlexternal http tatumweb com iptools htm RodentNet Ad Hoc IP Tools lets users run NSLookup ping traceroute and an extremely powerful and fast IP range DNS query from one convenient menu The IP range query will show all the IP addresses any associated domain names websites and or email addresses as well as registration information for an entire block of addresses UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 471 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFeR eFFlelAL U8 ONLY URL Breakdewn Source vVeb PerformanceMonitoring Address 1 Network Tools Submit 1 Source Bla ckC ode Address r Resolve Reverse Lookup Check port r Ping host rWhoi r r ARlNWhois r Submit E1qhant's Toolbox Lookup Tools r r DNSDig Address Treceroute ' 'isua1 Doitall I I Both Whois and Arin r r r rao- Mail serven's Whois Information Nerneservet s Submit I r r r r r Arin Lookup Finger all us ers Check rbl dul ISS orbs and acuse net Netbics This takes time Fingerprint Vedoce Whois lookups rl rl r rl rl Full Domain Transfer Domains owned by Domains hosted on Domains containinl J Submit Address I Domains owned by NIC I IDNSDig Submit I J The other sites listed below offer web interfaces to all the basic network tools and in some cases add interesting new ones AII-Nettools com http www all-nettools com tools1 htm Centralops http centralops netlco body asp Internet Query Tools http www demon net external iTools Internet Tools http www itools com internet Network-Tools http www network-tools com RodentNet Ad Hoc IP Tools http tatumweb com iptools htm Centralops Hexillion Tools includes the AspTcpQuery which will run an HTTP GET query to retrieve the page source code data about any webpage or IP address Here's part of the result for search yahoo com 472 UNCLASSIFIEDf1IiOR eFFlelAoL l JSE g lbY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY AspTcpQuery sample service G whois C finger C HTTP echo powered by Hexd mlgets view s our ce server I ' I 'l r c YI 'l c query 1C3 ILf iT T P ·9 m m mm m m mJ liGb11 • j I downl oad HexTcpQu ery i 0 18 I-proces sor license 'webmast er Hexillion Technologies HexLookup 'l 0 14 l-processorb cense webrnas ter Hexillion Te chnologies Querying ae a r oh yahoo own 216 109 117 133 begin response I HTTP 1 1 20 0 OK Date ed 17 Nov 2 0 0 4 17 5 6 44 GMT P3P poli c y r e f he t p p 3p y ahoo c om 3 c p3 p xml CP C AO D5P COR CUR AD U DEV T Al P5A P5D IVAi 1 Cac h e - Co ntro l pr ivaee Connect ion c los e Co ne ent-Type text html charset I50-8859- 1 -c' d o c t v p e html p ub l i c - I Y3 C DTD llTU L 4 01 EN '' h t t p ''' '''TJ TJ3 o r g TR h t mH s t r i c t d t d'' -ch t ml -ch e a d me t a http -equiv concent -type content te x c hcml charset I50-8859- l cic l e Yahoo S earch t'it l i n k r e l st ylesheet h r e f '' h t t p us i l y i mg c om us y i mg c om lib s y s c h h p O'l101 8 c s s'' type te s t y l e # y s c h t g l n em f o n t n o r ma l 100% a r ia l d isplay b l ock style if IE s c r i p t l a n g ua g e j a v a Sc ri p t1 2 if d o c urne n t l aye r s d o c urne n t g e t E l e me n t By l d Central OPS TcpQuery http www hexillion com samples Asp TcpQuerv asp UNCLASSIFIED 'I QR QFFISIAL SE ONLY 473 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIf Oft O leIAL tJs er LY How to Research a Dornaln Name or IP Address In a previous section I discussed the differences between domain name and whois lookups Now I am going to walk through some basic research steps to learn how to analyze who registered a domain name and or who owns an IP address There are a number of ways to research domain names and IP addresses and many tools on the Internet that can help provide information about a domain or IP address Important Caveat despite what you may hear or read elsewhere you cannot ascertain the location or ownership of a domain name or IP address based solely on the fact it is in one of the most commonly used top-level domains i e com org or net Names in these domains may be registered by anyone anywhere in the world Likewise domains registered in specific country top-level domains e g ru pk fr are only presumed to be registered by non-US entities but there is no guarantee based on the top-level domain alone this is the case The point is simple all domain names must be researched with a few exceptions The exceptions are mil gov and edu all of which are at least theoretically restricted to US-entities There are even some exceptions in these cases However you may safely assume domain names or IP addresses associated with a mil gov or edu top-level domain are US entities Steps for researching a domain name and IP address 1 Does the domain name or IP address correspond to an Internet website If so the first step is to use a good search tool such as Google to find out more about the site The info command at Google will show you links to Google's cache of the page pages that are similar to the webpage pages that link to this site and pages that contain the search term For this article I will use a high-profile Russian anti-virus company Kaspersky Labs because it has registered domain names in both the com and ru top-level domains 474 UNCLASSIFIED FOR OJ FICIAL I JSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlIFOR OFFISIAL Coogte Well SE O 'LY I m es n10 0VP IU _ Web - Showing wlib page informahlln 01 wp rn na j 1TQ l t 1 _ts C1 3a @ o r 9 A Th R C H IlI Kop IIHa Eogli- h G8 man F' ' ''Ch PO Illd Po l nd O lifla J Ipa n lO 4 ' T l MKTJlOf'''blii 1 rOOII H ••• Googlecan show Vou the foIlNf IOg Information for nus URL • S II W Gon ll€i's o K he of avpru • F lnd web pages that are similarto avp ru • Find v ·eb page s that link 10 avpru • rin d web pages that - ontain t n31errn 8VpJU The next step would be to look at the website itself The first two pages-About Us and Contact Us-are probably the most important but there are other good pages to examine at the site itself • About Us which often tells you a great deal about the company who owns it where it's located branch offices subsidiaries • Other company websites in different languages which may provide new domain names and IP addresses as in the case of avp ru kaspersky ru kasperksy com kaspersky com en etc • Contact Us which may reveal locations etc • Site Map which may show more pages on the site than are obvious from the homepage • Press or News Releases which often have the latest news about a company's activities including company locations ownership ISPs etc numerous email addresses physical • Page Source which sometimes contains information about the person or organization that created or maintains the site To view page source in Mozilla-based browsers View I Page Source in Internet Explorer View I Source Look or search for author in the HTML code • II I II ' 1 1 t de dit iew ttelp SCRI PT me t a h ttp -equiv I Cont e nr -T 'lpe con t ent te y t ht ml c harse t i 3o- 8859-1 meta name II GENERATOR c ont ent Mozil a 'Ls e n ' T Net scape meta name Aut hor c ont ent 4ntho ny arJOl e nto meta name Cl as s if i ca t i on ccn t ent svj ourna I meta name ''' Des c r i pt i on'' con ten t HOIoe page of t he CPA Journal meta name Ke 'l LJor cis c onten t CPA Journal NY5SCPA CErtif ied Public Accounti ng professional pI t i t l e The CPA Journal title UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL tJ5E ONL'f 475 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED# RQR QFFlSIAL l J5E ONLY 2 Who registered the domain name Many many domain name and Whois lookup tools exist on the Internet to permit you to find out information about a domain name These tools will reveal such information as the servers associated with a specific domain name Continuing with the example of avp ru using a lookup tool such as Domain Dossier http centralops netico DomainDossier aspx I can quickly find the domain whois records the network whois records and the DNS records for avp ru The domain whois record is formatted information about the domain name avp ru in this case pulled from RIPE's Whois Service database notice the IP address who registered the domain Kaspersky Labs and the domain's registrar RIPN the Russian Network Information Center Address lookup canonical name Io'ILru aliases addresses 01 1 76 69 70 Domain Whoistecotd l lueried whols rton net with wp flj By sUllIll1 H lm 9 que 'y co RIP ' s lbo1S Se rv lee ' y''' ' gc e to Ibid ' by the fa UQving tec of use e hcq r 1TIU rilln net-l1 Olll lCt vpoL htRU1 in rlU imlJ h ct p r TVt1 rapn nec abouc en ser1lpol hc mU 3 Z in EnCllsh douoin CYl AovP' RU nse t '''er ns li aspers ' ylens llec n3 uaCOilnec zu get 'JEr n et 'VeJ nrre rve r l' se t ver or 9' IOJ phone phone COI JoORATI n d k per kyl b n t n 2 I ldil net n33 fldil net llLGISTEPL ' DELEGATED Jobint Stock Company Ka per lry Lab 09 5 '1978700 7 fax-1Z10 7 095 94 84331 7 095 7978700 fax-no e-nai1 vebna3cereavp u 2-aa11 e-u il aleg aspe sky co dOD @k pex ky cou r e gi tror RUCE rER-REr -RIPn cl eaced paid-cLtl 1996 11 Oq 2005 04 01 5Qur ce TC-RIPIV 7 095 94134331 The network whois record for avp ru This is formatted information about the IP address from RIPE's database Notice the block of IP addresses in which the IP address falls which usually provides insight into the physical location of the servers and service providers In this case we can see the IP address owner Kaspersky Labs the Internet Service Provider RT-COMM a huge Russian ISP street address phone numbers email addresses interestingly atkasperksy com 476 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR GFFlSIP b l ISI Q JboY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAb l J8E g b¥ Network Who s record Queried whoi 5 ripe flet with 1I1 176 69 78 rni s is che RIPE hois· query serve

lThe objects a re irr PP'SL fQflla t· Rights restrlcl ed by eopyriqb t $QQ' http l nro dPI'L l' l9t dh copyri ghr ht1ll1 in-et nl m B1 176 69 6 l - B1 176 69 127 nCe Q ' IQ SPE SY Y Rlcom deser Ka spersky La bs 1 QSCl r rQv l· Pantilovtc lv 'St Il U country adm i n·-c I d - sr -at-us not itY t1ty HQSCQu 1 33 3 P U s''i1624-RIPll n' L 24· P 1P1i lSSIGNEl PA I Q9'i 1 ry@rt HI isnakaspersky con _ -by chnnged ASe3 Z-mJi sour ce un Ludiil' t ru 20030'7 0 rouce 81 L76 O ozi deser RTCOMM-PU o rigir l A S3342 llDCity noc@rtCo1llll l ru lIl l' ll -by AS934Z lwr chSlnged rtts@rt ru 20030120 rus@rt ru 20031105 ehan' led 10 s chang d sou rc rus@rt ru jOer30n 5er 8Y Jl'ODlin ZOO OG09 UPfl address Sys em dd ss 10 addz e s s 12330 3- Roseo1l Russia Administrator IRaSpersky Lab Ltd O oY ' I'Q J filovoe ev Xt ·r - ail SQr'JQy@l aspgrsk ' COil phowo 7 095 797 67 00 The DNS record for avp ru is the formatted information about this domain name used by the Domain Name Service System to route data including email over the Internet to and from this host Notice the different server names kasperskylabs net macomnet ru kaspersky com kaspersky-Iabs com gldn net associated with avp ru For example the preferred mail exchange server for avp ru is relay1 macomnet ru a Russian telecom provider UNCLASSIFIEDfI'li6R 61i1ilell8cL USE ONbY 477 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOh'fOe efOfOlelAL DNSreco fCis - Class y p e data avp ru IN A 81 1 70 69 78 avp ru IN MX preference n'arne USE er4LY 'iiril8 to li e ·3600s 01 00 00 10 864-005 1 00 00 00 sf k a p er sk y c om exchange avp ru IN MX 400 864·005 1 00 00 00 preference relay t macomnst ru exchange avp ru IN MX 500 864005 1 00 00 00 prefe rence relay2 mac0 01ne t ru exchange avp ru IN NS ns kasperskylebs ne t 864-00s 1 00 00 00 avp ru IN NS ns r kasperskvtabs net 86400 1 00 00 00 avp ru IN NS ns rnaccmnet r u 86 005 1 00 00 00 avp ru IN NS r'ls2 gldn net 86400s 1 00 00 00 avp ru IN NS ns3 gldn net 864005 1 00 00 00 a vp ru IN SOA server ns L kasperskvlabs net 86400s 1 0 0 00 00 email dnsadmin kaspersky corn serial 200410 010 1 7200 360 0 66400 00 refr esh retry expire minimum tt l 78 69 176 8l in- ad dr arp a IN 78 64 26 69 176 81 in-addr arpa iN 864 00 CNAME 78 64 26 69 176 BLin-addr arpa 863995 23 59 59 PTR 86 400 s 1 00 00 00 proxvz-ru kaspers kv - lsbs c cm 3 Who registered the com domain name What can we find out about it Just because there are com domain names associated with Kaspersky Labs does not mean they are US entities First let's look at the very thorough records available using CheckDNS net 478 UNCLASSIFIEOh'FOR OFFICIAL l J5E ONLY D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOllf6ft 6fFleiAL t1SE or LY CheckI»lS NET illec ing ltaapetakJ __ 0' Dt-lS I lle '1l1perp p com'flO n e IIr o 'It '$ I1rl o FO' mNS co ct n k ped ioo rell1S5 170 2 R 131 ''oUl 'osoNed 10 II x ci e W Il g hetVen rei o FwrY NSIl e d r sl kIlWCil kyleloc itl 25 80 Jj re olveQ o IP dd r bp vtld e'' nel tI' r i D m n r ONt cNe kl o DNS Se I'eI m Ka per kfl beJ'o ltI195 1 70 248 131 is i I a j a lhO ti e 101 doma'nkasPE s y OCffi if J o o DN5 SePIE 1' 1 k spels ybb i'lel I212 5 80 3 la ahe O'1d ull i atN£ fcr oomain ka perdzp com 1 2 erye'lcl are iftye tI· 1 NS hi I J 9 lr lJm lJhort epc

1 1ll'1dl r1 On i r t d on II1 'o 'ki g '1 '11I' h k l I' ' I ykl nol 1 '-d£ 'tLylilbHlEol' but DNS 1elvel ml kalP nll ylat-l 'I t te p tl£ d'ffialfl 10 h l@jj OI1'nuilacoffit'li UU 1'l2 glhl lel ' 3 j net m k per k l b$ 1'l 1 r sl k aICe tt ylaknel ' Plo e m h su'e liB' 90U ' O'1ti e If la1le DNS OO'Vefl in eEl '''' detebere rd m y u ON 4ft o o Cretl nllH rtf' IO' ' '1M''' kllwe 'yoJm JaI 17 1$9791 ItJ H1 II 'O'¥cIW m 1 We v 00 '181 176 69 791 Sf er on DO ao ti· Received HTTP 1 1 200 OK j e e Ap3011E Jle K pe ckyLab - anlwrw p'ct eclion p edyoor cyl ll$paC l Pf' ld lct E 5 'r re r r s VIII eS Hor ket l Sp m 'l et 'ice l m b xls P ln 'l Alnli D• il s in J ll ' r O' v I'l' Ur I 'n e 01 Buyoo ne COO 9 e L - 1 1 ' act 'ty $ ulfl al Vi u iil corn ViIU En yd o o o I om t 'l' _v cem h 3mal·leIVIII' IJ dcng m i ' lFOR I 101 u''''P'''' lJ 1212 sao £ ti M j ves 1 k ' 1 ky 2 l2 5 8D 1 am' p _ 2S f Qn « 20 1 kowersky c ' ESMIP e ' o reoc y » HELO II' d'locbim et Sill a ll Ytilm Io4AII fROM a oth d@Jn e com ' 250Ok RCP TO ' 15001 'p $lm a tlIlJ a y com ' '» aUIT o M j ' Of 1 k p Y corn tDIIII IJ l ' f k p kp m o o r kngtn i '''' ' lPRI 4OJ d l'l r el u·1l9512iHi4 2 o M j 'Of e1 'Jyl rr comr I p' l5 1181i4 21 s an p 125 tJ 101 ' ' t20' l '1 m'lCwnrl ll ESMTP 'Setut a1210 131211 Ioe 8 reb 2005 ' 1 2 11 OWD MSq » HELO mil' d'lockdnu et ·c SO eley1 JOocw'tleltuH J 1S'3 m 98 252 t e at d 10 m 1 yw MAIL fROM h th k@ J tI ecom' SO 2 0 dNoI1eck@ pl r eoom' $ ok y RCPT TO pntma l er@ a pev t £om « 150 2 1 5 pool ld lef@ az er$ky cam R€cipEnI I aurr UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFICIAl bJg ONlY 479 DID 4046925 UNCLA55IFIEDl1'F6R 6FFlel L USE 6NL'f Of special note are the two IP addresses that appear in these records as mail servers 195 128 64 9 and 212 5 80 6 The first resolves to Macomnet in Moscow and the second to kaspersky com a domain name registered with Tucows com Sounds like it might be in the US 4 Where is kaspersky com or 212 5 80 6 physically located This is usually harder to determine because truly accurate geolocation tools are not available for free on the Internet However we can get some pretty good clues from the network analysis tool traceroute Below is the traceroute to kaspersky com using Domain Dossier Notice in particular the last three hops before reaching 212 5 80 6 they are Frankfurt Germany frankfurt1 de alter net Moscow msk macomnet net and Macomnet's address 195 128 64 9 in Moscow Traceroute shows the name of routers along the path the data is traveling and these routers frequently but certainly not always use airport codes e g LON ATL Below for example dca4 alter net is almost certainly in the Washington DC area There is much more that can be learned from traceroutes a topic covered in the next section Tracercute Tracing route to st kesperskv eom 212 5 80 6 hop rti rtt rtt 'ip address fully qual ified domainriame 1 0 0 1 216 46 228 229 port-216-307325 3-e 5128 devicss dstarsturn corn 2 0 0 a 64 29 192 145 POft -64-1949841-2 ztooresoe ct devices datarsturn mIT 3 0 0 0 54 29 192 226 daa g92 1 isob dataretu rn com 4 0 0 0 168 215 241 133 hagg-Ol-aeO-1iJ01 dlfw rwtelscom net 65 192 253 124 core-02- le-D -3-1-504 dlfw twtetecom net 5 o a 0 6 0 0 0 168 215 54 74 tr an-az -ge-D -3 -0-0 dlfw twtelecom net 7 2 2 2 160 81 227 105 sl-gW40-fW-4-2 sprintlink net 8 2 2 2 144 232 I L245 sl-bb21-f i -4-3 sprintlink net 9 2 n 0 - 2 144 232 11 217 sl·bb20·fw·14-0 sprintlink net 10 3 3 3 144 232 20 17 sl-stzr-dal-r-n sprintlink net 11 3 3 3 144 232 9 134 12 3 3 1 152 63 97 57 0 $0-1-0 -0 xll dfw9 alternet 13 3 3 3 152 63 0 193 o so-a-u ·Ot 1 dfw9 altsr net 14 36 36 36 152 63 9 193 J so-7 jJ-O-ill dca6ialter net 15 36 36 36 146 188 13 38 so-l-o-o ir1 dca4 alter net 16 123 123 123 146 188 B 162 so-6-0-lJ trl fftI alter net 17 123 123 131 146 188 8 141 so·Q-1 J xr2 Ht4 alter net 18 123 123 123 149 227 48 30 pos6-0 gw9 lft4 alter net 19 168 168 168 139 4 174 210 macomnet fra nkfurtt da alternet ncc-3-eth 100 rnsk mscornnet nst macom-iu 103Q1193·labkasper rnacomnat net 20 168 168 169 195 128 64 80 21 179 170 170 195 128 75 89 480 UNCLA55IFIEDh'F6R 6FFlGlAL l JSE ONb¥ OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE OI4L't There are several geolocation tools available for free on the Internet but no one should rely upon them alone because they may not be completely accurate HostlP info uses two sources of information to generate its geolocation tool people identifying their city as associated with an IP address and automatic traceroutes Networldmap also uses information entered by people visiting their site and has recently added links to its commercial site Geobytes which provides a more detailed report on IP address geolocation For more details on using these tools go to the section on Geolocating Internet Addresses 5 What else can we learn Autonomous System Numbers ASN can help physically locate domain names and IP addresses ASNs are unique numbers written AS 1234 associated with something called an Autonomous System AS An AS is an IP network with a single clear external routing policy which is used to exchange routing information between various Autonomous Systems In short each AS establishes a set of rules for how Internet traffic can travel between and among IP networks around the globe In the case of avp ru kaspersky com the ASN is AS8342 Using the AS Whois Lookup tool available at Eye-Net Consulting we see that AS8342 belongs to RT-RU which is the Russian telecommunications giant Rostelecom one of the two principal shareholders of RT-COMM Autonomous System Whois Lookup This pa ge looks up Autonomous System Numb ers found in t 'l e various registries AS Number 1834£1 NIC optional ' - 1- - - - - - Search I Ouerymg Network inrorrnauon Centres whoi s selv ers about the A S Number Results from Reseaux IP Europeans Registrant RTComm RU Autonomous System Moscow Russia Admm FT-PI · IC ontact TeCh' iC mta ct Maintainer iCo ntact A S8 34 MfJT - - - - - from AS-70 146 188 66 49 at 195 1611152 actio n pref 200 from AS 70 146 188 68 149 at 195 161 1 149 action pref 200 accept ANY from AS 1299 213248 99 89 at 195 161 15 acnon pref 200 from A S1 299 213 248 101 33 at 195 161 1 149 action pref 200 accept ANY UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL E g b¥ 481 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJj QR Qj nSIAlI JSE ONLY Eye-Net Consulting Autonomous System Number Whois Tool http www enc com au itools aut-num php What did we ultimately learn about avp ru and its associated domain names and IP addresses They are most likely all located inside Russia even those in the com and net domains While not every domain name or IP address is as straightforward as the example of Kaspersky Labs the techniques and on-line tools discussed here usually can provide sufficient information to draw a pretty clear picture of who owns an IP address who registered a domain name and where the host computers associated with those addresses are physically located Confused by all the acronyms and numbers in the various DNS and Whois records These sites provide excellent information on understanding these important records Paul Adams Ins and Outs of DNS Webmonkey http www webmonkey com webmonkey 02 31 index3a html DNS for Rocket Scientists http newweb zytrax com books dns ch1 IBM iSeries Information Center DNS Resource Records http publib boulder ibm com infocenter iseries v5r3 index jsp topic rzakk rzakkcon ceptresourcerec htm 482 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFOR OFnSIAll JSE m'bY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOft OFFlelAL l ISE eNLY Traceroute Traceroute is an Internet utility that shows in real time the complete logical connection path between a local host and the remote host it is contacting i e it is a tool for mapping the path from one computer to another computer's IP address while showing all the IP addresses of the routers between these two points as well as the time between each step along the way A traceroute utility maps the path that data packets take between two points on the Internet showing all of the intermediate nodes traversed along with an indication of the speed of travel Traceroute was invented in 1988 by Van Jacobson at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the US Today a traceroute utility often comes as part of the operating system Windows for example has a small utility called tracert which is used by typing at the MSDOS prompt tracert 155 Traceroute which shows all the intermediate routers that packets pass through to get to their destination was written as a network troubleshooting utility to reveal problems with routers along a specific path It is also very useful in showing how systems on the Internet are connected to each other While traceroute only shows logical connections it can nonetheless help you understand possible physical connections because the Internet is not only highly redundant but also very repetitive In other words Internet traffic will usually take the same routes over and over again unless something such as equipment overload or failure interferes with it Let's take a look at a simple traceroute run using a free visual traceroute tool available at IP Address Guide 156 Martin Dodge Mapping Where the Data Goes Internet Society March 2000 http www isoc org oti articles 0200 dodge html 14 November 2006 155 156 The Internetipaddress com website is currently unavailable UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFleiAL USE ONLY 483 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l- JSE ONLY l 'eJWRe nte' 'l l name Of IPnPv 1 Traces l e route packels tate I tillshost f ii3 4R6 i - Tracert a m res 67 16 Z • 185 m ' 0 o 0 W $ fl9 Q D re l l re l1 96 HU LO ' 70 85 1Z7 OJ S£RV ' S 0 rD' 5 1 ms • 7 8 9 10 CARR ER 1 CARRJEP 7c 1 Qute 1 1113 32 ms 2 ' S l'n 142 0 0 1 ' 0 rt e 1M 10 85 127 5 o1 2Hl 104 57 tmITID 5TATES tmln ' TA TEZ 1lI1lTt Sl'AltS nXAS THEPLlli T con INTEPJiE7 SERVICES UK THtPJ MiIT C' 'N INTEPIiF 7 'RVl'EZ Ie rLOij R BOrIN ' THEPLANH COM lNTZPNtT UNITED STATES lllllTt sr itTES UlHTtll STArES liEU YORY V1iITI li STATES UfHTIn STATES CAL TORHlA H Lrn013 THlPLUIlT ' ' 'N mTEPNH 5 P VlCE3 INC nn l'I mIT ' 0N nnEPNET SgPVI ES me BllWX GLOBAL tl 03sn G 1 fI t 32 32 3Z s 5 L17 67 9'1 33 Dl 208 50 13 1 22 15 IN'l 13 HE 6' 7 VlUTt HNODCll 21 2'i8 6 -3j GREEt lRAKt 101I eRnEi 1R u LElCJi TUg UiTEJllikT10Il CL 21- 1 248 64 1 GREF C IP U L or IPH LErON TELH rNTEPNATiOlIU ' ' ' 5 109 I'll os ' 142 nes 1 2 Z O 7 Dl L05 JJiG LES ltlCOJ 3 Ttl II 1CRETtf GLOBAL CROSSING GI CEJ•t C OO5 rUG mTEFJIATIW L ORFIER conp Let e All this looks rather cryptic but upon examination the trace route output is not usually very hard to read Let's look at this traceroute step by step We begin by entering either an IPv4 or IPv6 address or a host name e g cnn com in the Tracert query box l r i l C ' l l l l t e l n l e t host nme Or IP P 6 Trate$lI1e roure pa lIet$lllkt 10 1t1is 1 Isl 0-- 1 1314 64 1i e' J --- Enterthe IP address or host name of the destination computer in this case I am using an IPv4 address The traceroute results should begin to appear almost instantaneously What the readout below shows is a road map from the starting point of the trace in this case IP number 67 18 29 185 theplanet com in Dallas Texas to the requested host 213248 64 1 Telia International Iraklion Crete On the first line you see that this 484 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlel L US ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJ lj QR Qj j IGIAb us QNb¥ traceroute will allow a maximum of 20 hops which means the trace will show up to 20 stops of a packet as it moves from router to router before it reaches its destination A packet is the fundamental data unit sent on the Internet or any other packet-switched network Each line numbered from one up to possibly 20 for this traceroute represents a node The node number is followed by three time measurements in milliseconds such as line 8 with 32 ms 32 ms 33 ms These numbers represent three different measurements of the time-known as the Round Trip Time RTT -it took the packet to travel from the origin IP address to that note router and back again Next comes the IP address of the node its geographical location sometimes only a country sometimes a country and city and finally the domain name THEPLANET COM or the name of the organization that owns that domain e g TELIA INTERNATIONAL CARRIER 0 1n3 J tlJ s 3 SrRV C 5 4 5 6 7 8 a Ill' 0 lIl3 Ill' ·2 In 32 In D I 9 'is io 1H tb l 1lI1i RiS Q lll o c ' ' Lj D D ' ff I ms D 3 Q 0 o 1 18 1 18 h' 63 41 zsn 7 UIiI ITl' 3UTES lli Ttr 3UTt$ w 1 9 1 O lG 1I1In STAT S 1 1 3 0 0 ttZ ' aa liS n n m J 'is ' 4S lifo HI ffi3 70 85 tZ7 7 l'NIITD 3UTES 10 C5 t 2' 1 5 64 2l'J lIH 5·1 l'IilHD 3TATf $ UlH1Tt' sn TES 61 1i' • 57 94 206' 5 q 1 12 2 mint STATES UIilrr SHIES minED KlNGDOlI l iJ Z'18 0D 7' 21 48 51 3 - j EE' TflIPLlNH CCoI INT£JmH TEllS R JICES INC TlJlnANET cOIl llHER ii T SERIITt f $ me LOI R KOUND THEPLANET COY INnPNrT 11ZU YORK CALITOPflIA ILL mo s TH nANn C' 1 INTER iET SERVICE3 me TIn HANH COIi lIiTr PI iH Zi PVICf $ rae BP' lN GLObAL GFOiSS WG llUKUCli ICP ETtI LCo llJC LrS A C'l1B GLOBA GLOE lL csossrxc CRos nl TrLIA Ill1'EFNATllX'JA1 CARRIER lHJ KLH0Ji TnlA UlTERtiAT1'JIiI L 1 •U P' I R 11 t Ji2 In l CAVIGn HZ ' 14 rr e '13 Z48 54 1 Tr6 u dlr COl q il tc Next we can look at the visualization of the traceroute on the world map This makes it graphically clear that packets can take very strange routes to get from point A to point B UNCLASSIFIED 'fI-6ft 61-1-IeiAL tJ3E 6P4LY 485 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONF6R 6FFlCIAL USE 6r L' In our example the packet travels from Texas to New York to California to Illinois before crossing the Atlantic to the UK via one of Global Crossing 's three undersea cables i-S idk i$ · i i i iiJf i V o ' ' J ­ loOK· -· it f ' fb ' g 70 a» % SA l ' ' i ' · ' · f lJ 5 -l' r ' 'C - ti1 7 -# 4h'-'4' V ' ''' ' ' ' 21 'l' · r 2 ' l t Global Crossing 's Interactive Network Map http www globalcrossing com html map05 11 05 html Not all traceroutes look like the one above There are many variations on the original traceroute program now available and many of them are free to use at websites Frequently you will see a traceroute that is somewhat more cryptic than the one we just examined but it may reveal more information about the geographical route your packet has taken Here is a typical traceroute run at All Net Tools http www all nettools com toolbox 486 UNCLASSIFIEOJJFQR QFFlCIAL USE et LY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflF6R 6FFlSIAL Hop SE Q JbY Average IP Addll e 5SHost uune RTT 1 1 192 168 L8 baal pair net 2 82ms 2 192 3 68 L9 bodni p alr ne 0 49 ms 64 214 174 1 77 $9 2-1 ·p ar del gblx net 6 5 6 ms '3 17 13 ms 1 '1604 o rns 1 B 18 ms -7 202 84 1403 73i i2cO dal-core01 nebeai h com 8 201 84 1'43 65' 60 16 rt S e '3 F2·Q wih ore02 l@1 eacn com ms 233 oz m 3 240 21 10 203 50 13 41 10GigabitEtl-remet6 O pad oore4 Sydney telsha net rns 12 203 50 6 226 Pos 2-0 cha-core4 Bfisbane itelstra net 13 203 SO 5L33 uigabitEtt etnet5·1 ch 23 eilsbar e tels ra net 245 26 ms 24 S ms 247 08· m 15 202 12 29 20 245 87 ms non aphk net Looking at line 4 in this example the designation DCA3 indicates this router is in or near Washington D C How do we know this Because routers often use airport trigraphs to show their location and DCA Washington's Reagan National Airport A traceroute frequently provides us insights into the physical path the packet travels by indicating the locations of the routers along the way Following hops 4 through 7 we can see the packet moves from Washington to Miami to Dallas and then on line 8 to the mysterious wil-core02 What is wif' It is not an airport code but rather refers to a building the One Wilshire Building in Los Angeles One Wilshire is home to virtually all of the market leaders in the telecommunications industry The property currently houses over 120 telecom related companies including AT T Cable Wireless China Telecom Global Crossing Level 3 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlSlAL 5E QNLY 487 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY Communications MCI Worldcom MFS PacBell Owest Communications Sprint Time Warner AOL Verizon GTE and XO Cornrnunlcattons At this point note the rather dramatic increase in the RTT from 83 93 ms to 233 02 ms The packet leaves the US and travels to Sydney Australia syd-core02 between hops 8 and 9 In this example wil-core02 is the gateway router to the transPacific link of the Reach network Reach is an Asia-Pacific focused backbone provider operating a high-speed cable network in the Asia-Pacific region It has significant interests in all major submarine cables consortia in the Asia-Pacific region The other indication that the packet traveled via submarine cable instead of satellite is the fact that the RTT remains relatively low A good rule of thumb though not by any means a guarantee is that satellite traffic usually has a 500 ms RTT The packet stays on the Reach network all the way to hop 10 in Sydney where it is handed off to Telstra Australia's largest telecommunications company Here we see another indication of the network infrastructure the packet is now in Telstra's 10GigabitEthernet6-0 In February 2003 Telstra activated the first 10 Gigabit Ethernet link on its Internet Direct backbone the network that delivers broadband Internet services across Australia The final geographical hops in this traceroute occur between hops 11 and 12 where the packet travels from Sydney to Brisbane In fact APNIC the Asia Pacific Network Information Center is located in Milton Brisbane Australia the same location as the server nori apnic net However be cautious about geolocating a final destination server with the actual location of the organization you're researching because that organization's site may well be hosted in a separate location Traceroute Anomalies and Failures Watch out for traceroute anomalies For example look at line 6 in this traceroute at NYC-gw12 USA net DTAG DE Despite the fact the router has a German top-level domain DE this router is in the US NYC Note also the RTT increase from 37 ms t0141ms 157 Our Building One Wilshire 2002 http www onewilshire com ourbuilding index htm 14 November 2006 488 UNCLASSIFIEDliFOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfll-eK el-l-lel cL USE eNL¥ Tt a ceRoute to host thitlg net TllneOUt 5 Star t troln h O P 1 Nax lllJllln ffOps 3 D 1 3 'I 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 P ddregg 193 158 1'U 2D 217 5 112 25 i94 25 7 175 212 185 11 129 212 185 8 1'77 19'1 25 6 U l 19'L25 6 90 12 9 2 50 16 210 129 250 126 137 209 H H5 161 209 lZ7 'lO 18Z 209 H 13 '1 3 Host Nwne Mag 'Type Utlli'lalla ble TTL Exceef1eti Unavailable TTL Exee2ded 'rn 'ag1 KN neLt'TJl ' DE' TTL E - eeeUed KN-g fLKN net DTAG DE TTL Exce2Ued F-gitl2 F ttet rITAG r'E TTL E ceed2d NYC-g'tl12 USA net DTAG DE TTL Exc e2ded dt nyc Lverlt i ner TTL E ceeded pl-0-D-0 rOO tl yclnnyIl2 us ra veri l netTTL Exceeded d3-0-1-0 ans nycmnvos us e a ver ieO net TTL Exceeded tEi-5-n' aOO hyclnnyU5 US ra vee i o IletTTL Exceede i tning-q'A 'spac e1eJJ ner TTL EXC i i ded r ttl t g • ttet EChO Rep1y TilDe 302 luS 31 InS 31' InS 37 1'll 1'l1 In lOS tn9 H6 109 iIl7 Ina 153 lna 156 InS 157 Ins You may also run into incomplete traceroutes usually indicated by asterisks and sometimes by the warning Request timed out There are several reasons for a traceroute to fail a network problem e g a server or router on the network is down you will probably see Request timed out The router immediately after the last visible one is usually the culprit a server or router along the path has rejected your packet Again the router immediately after the last visible one is usually the culprit the target host does not exist on the network because it has been disconnected turned off or is otherwise unreachable You may see a H or N message in the traceroute the traceroute may have encountered a routing loop in which case the packet will simply bounce between two routers and never reach its destination a firewall is in the route path you mayor may not see Request timed out the traceroufe encounters a private IP address there is packet filtering occurring somewhere along the traceroute path Here is a typical incomplete traceroute due to a network problem The traceroute timed out at hop 9 because of what turned out to be an ATM router problem on the Quest network This was determined by checking the Quest network status at the time of the interruption UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOR OFFICI1CL tJSE eNLY 489 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJI 'OR OralZlCIAb US ONbY Tracing route to qmro aol colil 64 12 187 221 OV'2r a nax hum of 30 hops 1 13 ll 2 $ ol 1 ns I' B IllS ttlS i 9 64 2S3 1 ttl bos t1j9oliooOZ n'9r qqait lIl li bOii eou la lllS Jl 1# $ liS 8' liS 11 IlS 11 ns as ms 7 I 9 't '7 11 IlS 11 lll lllS 11 ms 11 IllS 1 ' IJlT· zHr- 121 brandeis ed'l 129 6Ll65 11 1 1 1 l Z tlil 5 6 19 liS 1 lis 2 liS n t IG S US 7 21 11 tnee qvUt » e' J' eore-OZ· inec qvest net evr -core- 03 inet Cf Ie st nee dca-core-uz i Let quest net d-ca-eclge-04 inet Cf lest net Requ est tined out ZOS n Ze 13 ZOS In s 26 20S 17Lli' 3 2 05 171 8 18'11 205 1 71 9 66 The next example shows what is probably a firewall that caused the traceroute to fail tr Iccroutc to gOv rl 19'1 226 80 160 30 hop It ''' '10 b 1t- p cket 1 C1lJ-c Mr l l nc logi C 217 U 2$1 25'1 0 317 0 000 0 000 » Z 3 4 5 6 7 e 9 10 11 12 1'3 l'l 15 16 17 18 81 0 225 5 0 518 tta 0 105 II 0 365 WS THP- E10-ge1-0-3 c61S lp-61n'llJhere nec Z17 Ll ZZ1 ZZ1l 1 569 tro Z 57'7 It'S 1 613 ItS Ilix itlcecoute C 1 19'l 50 100 127 0 779 1l ' 9 5 696 tn9 O SOt tn9 P06-0 pr 001-ac es3-1 ifitecOute tiet 212 23 50 77 36 4'l7 r 9 37 91q ItS 36 427 tiS P010-0 t a-006-c ore-2 Hlceroute net 212 23 50 70 2 n 174 tn9 Z33 089 1l ' 9 219 003 ' P08-0 du -001- cce $-1 interoute net il'l4 23J 146 13 45 651 36 73 6 l 36 627 ' P07-0 haro 001- c -1 inte oute net 84 23 L46 l0j J6 6 O 36 6l'l7 ncs 36 5-'16 iM Poo-0 c ph-002-occ e -1 t ne er ouce net 8 233 168 1'15l 3 63 5 fro 36 67 1 It' ' 36 512 POO-O Sto-QO -eccees-z mcerour e net 212 23 3 73 J7 06'1 ttl- ' 36 947 I ' ' 36 612 POO-0 Sto-OO -occe -l i nce reue e nee 212 23 3 9i 36 36 578 II' ' 36 558 ' 8'l ZJ3 ·135 'l 6 38 608 1l 's37 867 ItS 38 036 tta ·vlan10Z-0 0-l rZ-scIlZ se lonlp nec 195 7 95 116 3El I73 ins 38 901 tt' 9 38 '121 ros 19'1 88 115 22 6 63 348 '«9 65 553 1 9' 62 652 It'S v lanl-r·5-IlSJ -HIR lotiip cU 213 152 128 79 63 288 1 3 63 313 ' 63 261 1l ' 9 rOStlllros-g l ioJlip ru 213 152 129 94 81 458 tIt8 82 137 1 9 83 405 1t 9 • sn 19 20 21 Z2 23 24 l 25 -' t 26 4' l lI You may also encounter a routing loop in a traceroute This occurs when the packet is simply bounced between two routers until the traceroute reaches its maximum number of hops In this example the packet was bouncing between routers at 186 40 64 94 and 186 40 64 93 490 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFl61I8cL l ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ONLY Traoing route to lostserver oonfusion net 186 9 17 153 over d maKUnmn of 30 hops 1 2 10ms 60 rns 3 70 ms 4 60ms 5 10 ms 6 7 6 9 60 IRS 70 ms 60 ms 70 IRS 10 m s 70ms 71ms 70 ms 70 ms 70 IllS 70 m s 70 ms 70 ms 10ms 60 ins 70 IRS 60 ms 10 IllS 61 IRS 70 Dis 60 ms 70 IRS 186 217 33 1 rtr-2 oorifusion net rtr-l confus1on net rtr-2 oon fusion net rtr-1 oonfusiori riet rtr-2 confusion net rtr-1 con fusion net rtr-2 oonfusion net l·b-l confusion net 186 40 64 94 186 40 64 93 186 40 64 94 166 40 64 93 186 40 64 94 186 40 64 93 166 40 64 94 186 40 64 93 Trace oomplete Here is what you might see in the case of an unreachable host In this example the traceroute attempted to reach a private IP address but that host was not reachable on the network Note the H message which is usually appears as H tJ 8cetOut e to 10 1 2 5 10 1 2 5 JO hOp 'illtilx 40 byte p8i ket 'il gU-i IlMIH lllC6 logix 0 1 217 ll 251 254 0' 000 Il S 0 000 wS 0 606 Il S 1 a03 ll'l$ 0 655 3 vip c ip 'onytJherc nct 21'7' 1l 22 240 1 005 2 61 0 225 5 t' ' 5 6 7 8 ' t I l' 't 1 9 5 2 648 11'' 0 000 m2l O 90 lro t' viji c as ip-aYJyuhere YJet 1 217 11 224 240 H' 2728 031 tIS Ht 2708 043 ItS HI 2688 135 It A private IP address will cause a traceroute to fail Normally you should not see these IP address blocks in a traceroute the traceroute should time out before it reaches the private address However if you reach a private IP address it is easy to spot because it belongs to a block of IPv4 addresses that are reserved for private use meaning these address ranges are unassigned non-Internet addresses Because they cannot be routed over the Internet these private address are only for use on internal systems In the following example the traceroute should have timed out at hop 10 • 10 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l J5E ONLY 491 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIJj OR OJ j ICIAb US ONbY 172 16-31 • 192 168 10 e03'f-2-y'N tllstorn 'r ALTEP NETI 157 130 197 90 11 20411 $ 123 232 rrrs 120 957 rns 11 HJ L 5110 l 2 S UO E n rns 11447' rns 107 747 rns 1 2 t The pmal corE' S 10 1 2 5 wlthm cDo'thar nelwurk Sh'Juid nut bel vIsible tD us In this OOfl'ls bEtNe th ra A 9n' 5 111 t rneouts 1Oa 8 though It IS th last vlslb e Traceroute Servers As with other Internet utilities there are many sites that let you run a traceroute from their site to the domain or IP of your choice Multiple Traceroute Gateway deserves a special mention because it will run a traceroute to any host or IP address from multiple starting points The starting points can be anywhere in the world Unfortunately many of the traceroute starting points listed at the site no longer work so you may have to try several to find a good one for a particular region I recommend you not try to run too many traceroutes at once because that can be a very slow process There are also now numerous sites offering traceroute utilities for IPv6 The Logbud Toolkit Logbud's set of webmaster tools is definitely worth adding to your own set of Internet toolkits What first attracted me to it was the visual traceroute that does the following Visual Traceroute shows geo information of the gateways it traverses Country Region State for the US City and Network organization The way of the trace is shown on small and big geographical maps Also Visual Traceroute displays network names e g GNTY-NETBLK-4 and AS autonomous system numbers e g AS6846 As you can see from this traceroute to a Japanese domain the traceroute information from Logbud is much easier to read and understand There is also an accompanying map but it is not always accurate in this case the trace ended in New Jersey This is certainly one of the clearest most useful traceroute tools I have seen 492 UNCLASSIFIEDi 'r-Oft or-r-leIAL US ONL' D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY IP or Domain Irespon e ip Traceroulel Tracerout Output 70 855 1 51 12 96 1' OJl2 70 85 127 74 70 85 12 1 -C10 12 122 82 16 101' 3 12 122 10 50 a I'O 9 '0 18 12 11 ' 13834 dIJ 9ms 20'2 147 0 214 147 e'f ' 211 14 31 66 lS9 6m$ 13 %07 14 bO 15 QE07 16 9 0 7 LfT spent 0 65s tr ci g and 1 1 1 8s resolving names Ill'ld ASNs t EJ lJnited D _ 1 THEPLANET COM INTERNET SERVICES ·97 33 United States Te a Dalla' THEPLANET COM iNTERNH SERVICES ·97 33 United States Tex Dall THEPLANET COM mTERNET SERVICES ·97 33 P£j Unrted States Te as Dallas THEPLANET COI1 INTeRNET SERVICES ·97 l3 Un ted States New Jersey Middletown AT T WorldN t Service s · 74 4ll United States New Jersey Middletown AT T World Net Services -74 40 United State New Jerse Middletown AT T WoridNet Servi es ·74 i1 l Asib Netcorn Corpofatiorl 105 35 A ia Netcom Corporation 105 35 Asia Netcom NRT HUB 138 3 Bro dB nd Tower' inc 138 36 BroadBand Tower Inc 138 36 • Jepen • J pan It Jepen ' •••_ _ __ State$ Texas f Oallo$ B • Japlln c ---j J ' r' • Japan • Japan BroadBand Tower Inc 138 3f • Japan IRI Comrnercl Tochnology Inc 138 JI Logbud also offers a traceroute manual that has some interesting scenarios of hard to understand hops that are sometimes seen in a traceroute It's somehow comforting when the author looks at a particular traceroute hop and comments God only knows what's going on with hop 12 Visual traceroute is only one of a number of very useful tools Logbud offers Of special interest are those tools that help provide information about domain names UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelAL tiS OICJLt 493 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNF6R 6FFIeiAL l JSE 6r L and IP addresses Note in particular the IP Range query which does a bulk query of IP addresses in a certain range and resolves them to their host names • 'ain I'lrl J IeMP tandard rrnceroure Visual Tracerout e Highlight Browser Unk Checker Page Rank I'1dil Query BI 1Ck I ist Ilnll Wfl Ping Stand ut Tr ueroute Visual Traceroute HTMl l LllbILIJ1J J J y'I r £kI' t Page Rank MAIL 'Mail Query Black list PROG birHlll i 'an e qt'I 1tPP Jx NMIE DNS Lookup Domain Whois IP Whois Domain check IP Range Iletjl lp ON' Lookup Domain Whois II' Whois Domain check IPRdoge Crlpt Jill 'ncoding I I lrul tor UniH lune I'roll ' Proll ' Checker Contacts te ts Ii II host I reachable i9n l1 rotmd·tnp time and packet los rate determines the route pac ets use to reach a particular host visually shows 'leo and ARIN information of the gateways it traverses requests URL shows HTTP headers and highlights webpage code finds broken links and shows type of HTTP responce of every link on the page shows an individual page's value on search engines utilizes SMTP protocol to query' mail server checks if the dornam is bladdisted by sparn Drabuse d ltabases H arches the Lmux mMual Perl Guide Info documen s Whaus dat lbMe tests POS1X Regular Expression perfnrrns DNS lookups and displays the name server's records A MX SOA ets queries a database to deterrnme the owner of a domain name and relative if fo provides contact and registration informationfor IP eddresses searches in bulk for the available domain names resolves in bull the lPs from the defined range to the hostnarnes MOS tinux crypt r YSQL ENCRYPT SHA1 Base54 enctvpticn algorithm protects literal characters from bein j interpreted as special URL delimiters converts dotted juad values and IP addresses repfl mlllded bi uf' signed long Inlt converts unix time IOt l' l I l mond'l day jear hour mll'l SilC and v n ver$ll fresh proxy list trensperent anonymous elite socks upollted ollily proxy' list bulk checker socks 4 5 checker included any of your comments and questions including technical issues are welcome CISCO WAAS W- -de Appllcatk n S pnces Deliver app s 8c flies to the Onlme BlacklISt Checker branch 39 6on'tl -b'acr' tiff ct-em ad deliver' r a 'to Srg up 95 6m CODe £rim URl Encoding IP Calculator A 'll CICl' IT'lL Code Checker Pt gfa-maUtom ttc lv cho ds t e i v r errors b sd hnks 'ON5 Ke-aLook - - rncre lo ok up Analyz es Ic 'HIJ ir S i1kftl p I we ant to thank the following companies for their cooperallon assistance and support in info variations The Logbud site packages a number of basic network analysis tools and provides some improved interfaces and displays to make them more useful Highly recommended http www logbud com Logbud Online Tools More Traceroute Sites and Toolkits IP Address Guide http www internetipaddress com traceroute aspx All Nettools com http www all-nettools com toolbox http www cogentco com htdocs glass php Cogentco http www geektools com traceroute php Geektools Traceroute IP-Plus Traceroute Servers Multiple Traceroute Gateway 494 http www ip-plus ch tools traceroute en html http www tracert com cgi-bin trace pl UNCLASSIFIEDiVF6R 6FFleiAL l JSE 6NL¥ OOClO 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDtlFOR OFFISIAL 1 J8E New York Internet Traceroute Links Opus One Traceroute O bY http www nyLnet traceroute html http www opus 1 com www traceroute ht ml SixXs IPv4 and IPv6 Traceroute http www sixxs netltools traceroute Traceroute org http www traceroute org Tracerouters Around the World http tracerouters nielssen com BGPNet IPv4 Wiki http www bgp4 netltr BGPNet IPv6 Wiki http www bgp4 net tr6 An excellent resource for finding IPv6 traceroute sites an example of an IPv6 traceroute is shown below 5 lv J 'f2 1 1 1 1 m 2J91 80 lIel 1206 11lJ5 2091 58H7 logix cz IPv6 site Traceroute from Logix cz Hostn me 1 i 3 · IT'ocerlJU e IF __ _ _ - - -- _ __ _ - - _ _ _ - _ Convert address to nibblefannat for DNS A jdr'O'ss r i J234 14-ii· · - ln9 ny 1 eg H £ 1 3 16 tt cer o t t Q f' e ff £ 12 I iJ f f e f f t f 12 j4 30 hGps c ab 1 n C Q l pv6 1 o l i x c IZOOI 1S28 JO'I I tf f fj ' asab lan c a i pv ' 5 D Q' l ' C' OO l 52e 10 1 1 i r ecl•• i pv 6 c o i I-l lr ru her ne t 0 962 12001 1 5 26 1 0 ' 1 110 · a ab l ane i Vl o oqi x c 1 001 1528 10 1 S teC' h lpv€ - ae i p - an yuhe r e til t 1 5G P 00 l 15Z6 n OOj Itl l 6 87 i O by t e petc ke t 'l ' l OOO 0 000 s 2 11 19 t c9 l 09 9 · Ill ' l S87 I IS 1 f I II' 3 0 e 3-18 tn J 1 2 ' 81 2 067 tu3 2 35 1 03 7 e t r c h i pv 6 cr r l j p- tllnyu he 'e n t 9 10 11 ' I ' M I ne l ·i u 6 1 ol ' i x c lDl 15 2e 1 00 7 ' l T1 f l' c 1 001 1 5 2e 10 J 3 202 rlI'l 3 •n m 1 1 -5 1 1M t€c- h lpv £ - a g ip - nyuhe re CJe 2001 15 6 10 0 '1 403 I'D 9 3 9 ln3 i 2 60 1113 1-4 a 3 6h 1 n c l ' p I 6 1 o f t i lo c 1200 1 152 e l04 1 Ji 671 m c 1 5T7 C' $ 3 3 6 1 r 15 cech lllvL eaz lp-anvobere ne tZOOI 1SZe LOOI 1 32S illS 69Z 3 9 1 8 bs 16 17 'I' t ech ipv 6 c o J ip - emy h' r e no t 200 1 1526 10 Q 5 • 2 0 4 ee 13 is J 19 More Traceroute Tools Learning to read and interpret traceroute data can be very frustrating and confusing in part because there is no standard way of naming routers and any number of UNCLASSIFIEDilliOR OIiFlelAL USE ONLY 495 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFl61AL l JSE ot LY different traceroute programs showing a variety of types of data Here are some sites that are useful in helping to explain traceroutes Airport and City Code Database http www airportcitycodes com aaa CCDBFrame html World Airport Codes http www world-airport-codes com Airlines of the Web Airport Codes http flyaow com airportcode htm Sarangworld Traceroute Project Known Hostname Codes http www sarangworld com TRACEROUTE showdb-2 php3 A huge file of codes and IP addresses seen in traceroutes translated into city names with latitudes and longitudes Intematiennl Locations j e a jB u_e sAires J34°35'S i58° 22 1 I jaep hue buenosaeres buenosaires ar eze cnswau J34°QO' I1 O j 1L -wstralia l l c __ ' r I ' c l ' · · lt t t b · · cc _ _ c_ c J c ii · ·lf c 1 f - 1071J rc b i i jcampbelltown a u j A u s t r a l i a l C a m p b e l l t o w n lcan au canberra hr c b r a u J A u s t r a l i a C a n b e r r a fr k ········· ···· ··'''·······''''·''····-·_·_··-·-···- _ --- t llr 1 rin P ' 8' J t3 51 'iAustralia Dubbo H32°15'$ ' 14S 36'E i ···· ··IAustralia · · E B d·i37 5i s 1i45' 09i ·-·· ·· ··_·· __·····1078·· - ·· rA ali rF' acl t - ·····-i38 G8 S·iB4-5 07'E·c I ·'Australia rg g -elo gln ·_ Ig t 1080· _··_·_----_ alia Geelong 128°08'S 1152008'E-' 00 g's'lf144Q21'E 'J38 _·- tralia--iGoidC t··'i27·o58 S--' 53025i 1 Ihobart___ iiFreeston __ _1092······_·__ _·- _ _···_·-· -·-·_·_· · Igouu g o f o r d ' ' ' ' ' ' ilivrp au Q49'E jAustrali IdaJWin idubbo8U jeburwd au eburwd vic 8U free au _ 34°04'S t 50 ' 13S01TSf4fo BiJ j u- tr a_jG sfor - - 133 2 S ·r51 i _ J __ Jr f i _ i§ jll ' E n il A ' ilia ilLiverpoo ' 33°54'S -1150 S6'i'- • _____ -·-···· '· ' b · ·l··_ t b ·- c c c· c ·- rA ili · · h lb ·············· r37 47 s-jl·i44 53· E······ i Traceroute Articles and Tutorials It is important to understand the value and the pitfalls of using traceroute for network analysis While much Internet traffic is symmetric in some cases it is not i e the 496 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelJ8cL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlIFOR OFFlOIjlcL USE OHL't traffic does not travel the same way in both directions Although traceroute can tell you whether two networks communicate directly or indirectly it cannot tell you anything with certainty about the nature of their relationship such as who is the provider and who is the customer For a good explanation of how traceroute works and the some of the drawbacks of using traceroute look at these traceroute articles and tutorials Mapping Where the Data Flows Traceroute Tutorial http www isoc org oti articles 0200 dodge html http www exit109 com -jeremy news providers traceroute html Russ Haynal's Traceroute Overview http navigators com traceroute html Geolocating Internet Addresses Geolocating Internet addresses using IP addresses has become big business and has applications for individuals as well Why is knowing where someone is actually where the host computer is that he is using to connect to the Internet is physically located important or useful Some of the many uses of IP address geolocation include but are not limited to Tailored search results some search engines will put local sites higher in the results' list so if you search for orthodontists and you are in Boise Idaho local orthodontists may come up first Online companies may use geolocation to tailor currency sales tax shipping rates and even in some cases prices by locality Automatic localization of configuration profiles no need to reset a browser or chat software it automatically detects where you are Reducing network congestion by routing users to the closest servers that mirror the original content Targeting advertising to a specific city state or country Complying with local laws this especially applies to online gambling which is legal in some places and not in others Controlling access France uses geolocation to prohibit French Internet users from accessing pro-Nazi websites China has a long effective and disturbing history of using geolocation to prevent access to many sites the Chinese government deems unacceptable UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 497 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOJlj QR Qj j ICIAtL l JSE ONLY There are a number of companies such as Quova and Digital Envoy that sell IP geolocation IP mapping products but they do not give this technology away for free However a few websites do provide free online tools to geolocate IP addresses and or domain names All these tools have inherent limitations because of the ways in which they go about determining the physical location of an address Knowing where your users are located has become increasingly important over time whether you're a company that wants to know which products to target at a certain audience or a government seeking to control your Internet space Therefore because there is so much money to be made in this area the free tools are simply not nearly as good as the ones you pay for CD Glicy here to see our latest fla'·s'h'i 'o on It is a ne w one not the one witk the girls in it Thi s o n e Is a b o ut Deve and he ha s ju st returned from the futu re Thi s lin k will skip the t echn ol o g y intra page and g o strai g ht t o th e fl a sh rnovf e ' I R I _ _ City Code Il lJt 1 s ' c _ C ity I d I Latitud e I Q Q _ Re g ion Co de ca pita l City It ' s Certa inty 1R ' s s i r ic nl Distance to Nearby Cities Region II l o_s Cit y Na i i 1R u s s i D Co untry 'Ii ' Iick he r to s e e t he ge ograph ic dis t ribu tio n of visit o rs to t he IP Locato r C c k he r e to find o ut m ore a bo ut eoRepor ts a nd ho w from $29 per year yo u can get one fo r yo ur o wn s ite e fullo lling results w e l e generated using ceo seteet veeeten II Co unt r y Code IR I J k ' _ 11'l 5 I' ' _ _ km mi City Re gion Cou ntry °° Mos co w MC RU 34 21 Tro itsk MS RU 4375 28 23 Zelen og rad MS RU Konakovo MS RU I - Longitude 1 2 Tim e Zon e I O Q Population 11 4 7 01 _ _ _ i Is proxy Ifa l e ationa lit y Plural IRus s ians crA Map IA Reference s ' Currency I US S i D U ' laDBytes IFree Remammg 0 0 Check out Ge obyte s ot he r pr oducts including Search WHOI S d at a at Flag t d Q N f 1 1f G qg x r L Geo Phr ase J GeoL'fze r J GE uRerno 1 t J Geo jre cti o n J l 'lap E·vtes Geobytes IP Locator http www geobytes com lpLocator htm The best of the free online geolocation tools Geobytes is the commercial version of NetWorldMap that provides a more detailed report on IP address geolocation GeoSelect does not use any DNS reverse lookups or Whois lookups to determine location GeoSelect uses its proprietary GeoNetMap database to determine IP location The purpose of the Geobytes map is to map IP Addresses to geographical locations To achieve this we acquire seed data from a number of sources All of these sites ask the web surfer to provide their geographic location and this location along with the user's IP Address is forwarded to us as seed data We then run this data through a series of algorithms which identify and extract collaborating seed 498 UNCLASSIFIEOHI-e eprprlCIf t USE ONt f DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED 'ffeR eFFlel L b1SE Q JbY polnts If you want to see the original site where Geobytes began collecting its data visit NetWorldMap NetWorldMap http www networldmap com Trylt htm NetWorldMap lets users enter IP addresses then returns information about where that server is located at the city level It does this by gathering vast amounts of data from volunteers who for several years have been entering information about the physical locations of their addresses Of course this opens NetWorldMap up to abuse but the information provided by volunteers is crosschecked for accuracy The site now claims that currently it can only locate about 97 8% of the Internet's address space which is a vast improvement over its earlier claims While Networldmap is far from the perfect way to geolocate addresses it is a valuable tool GeoTool http www rleeden no-ip com geotool php This site also uses the same free Maxmind city database and Google maps to locate and show one IP address at a time GeoTool adds information about the IP address Note the GeoTool Spy option this will show who is using the tool at the moment including you I OJIU Central Websrt e Hostname FirefoxExtension webr1 cem ch ISP' CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research 137 138 28241 CountryCode CR CHE IP Address CountryFlag U CountryName Suitzl'rland Region 07 City Geneva Postal Code' Unknown Latitude 462 Longitude 61667 IP addresslHost Submit Your IP address Reset I I GeoTool Spy 158 Geoselect Frequently Asked Questions Geobytes com http www geobvtes com FAQ htm 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDHfeR eFFlell8lL USE m4L¥ 499 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED lJFOR OFFIGIAL USE m4L¥ HostlP info http www hostil2 info HostlP is a community effort to build a non-commercial database of geolocated IP addresses It uses two sources of information to generate its geolocation tool people identifying their city as associated with an IP address and automatic traceroutes HuntlP httl2 www huntip com Tools mapip s php HuntlP is a set of tools designed to help sysadmins do a number of things including plot multiple IP addresses on a map Keep in mind the caveat from the site's creator This site should be used as a tool for investigative purposes only The information provided here may not be correct and should not be trusted To perform IP geolocation HuntlP uses the free GeoLite data provided by Maxmind which also sells more accurate IP geolocation data at its website Because Maxmind 's free site limits queries to 25 per day per incoming IP address I expect HuntlP operates under the same restrictions HuntlP uses a Google Map mash up to plot IP address locations Here I have plotted three IP addresses on the Google Map image just to give you an idea of the results you might get In each case the IP addresses were located in the appropriate country and very close to the actual physical location within the country If the locations had been in countries for which the Google Maps provides greater resolution that would have been even better Thi h w t llcW l ' y ou t n pitH m tl iU 1 h IP Altd res sp - Oil t h H run ll L nil6' C iH l'l n t S hf r H f tn3 rf fr 500 IP A 1drc- - e - P £ t ' I · d by oJ rlr j t UNCLASSIFIEDliI O Ol l lelAL USE m4LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFSR SFFlelAL USE SNU' IP2Location http www location com my free asp This is a very good tool but unfortunately users are limited to 20 free lookups per day However the next two sites discussed below use this same data and the searches do not appear to be cumulative in one case and do not appear to be limited in the other The results offer the country city region flag and associated ISP IP2Location gathers geolocation of IP data using its own proprietary means and claims 95% accuracy but I can't find any independent verification of this assertion The company is based in Malaysia AJAX Powered IP to Location http www seomoz org ip210c ip210c php SEOmoz org has a nice little tool based on MaxMind's Geolite Data that maps IP addresses to Gooqle maps While users must consider that the geolocations are not entirely accurate compare this tool with the GeoTool above for the same address and you will see that the SEOmoz application is much more detailed The street address information below is culled from the RIPE Whois database '''_iii'·''·- m f cr IJfI7 0 - 1 G em' ve f • • Grang an ll ' R M Chf Ch 80UgeneS -ae4t' ' l-1¥ Mt' - I J jl j - ' •• ' r -' - ' ''- rh61 Map data'e2007 Tef AtIas lW t 'L't Tt'i 5hoi Itse prowcf inc AJAX Power ed If ' lQcmion Loolwp tccetoos are not100'1 Accurate 10 iu'l by Mati Inml'ln of SEOmoz crg was bu t Jjt Gt ow e C d creeseo0 1MtlxMirtt l lttUt f om http ma mlr d com 1 ' J WebHosting lnfo http ip-to-country webhosting info node view 36 WebHosting lnfo only resolves IP addresses to a country but it appears to do so pretty well I think the website says it best Although not 100% accurate the IP-toCountry Database is about 98% accurate on country recognition The main reasons for this lie in the existence of dynamic IP addresses and Internet access through UNCLASSIFIEDJlFOR OFFICIAL t1SE S'4LY 501 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED17FOR OFPlelAL USE miLY proxy servers Also it should be noted that the IP-to-Country Database seeks to indicate the country where resources were first allocated or assigned and are not an authoritative statement of the location in which any specific resource may currently be in use These cases are very difficult and sometimes impossible to map However at this moment the IP-to-Country Database is by far the most accurate way to determine the location of Internet users in real-time emphasis added Ignore the username password boxes and look for the demo query box on the right-hand side of the page GeolP Country Lookup GeolP City Lookup http www maxmind com app lookup http www maxmind com app lookup city GeolP by Maxmind is a product that can be purchased however the Maxmind website does offer two free demonstration options one for country lookup and one for city lookup The country lookup is limited to 100 queries per month while the city lookup is limited to 25 lookups per day presumably per visitor's IP address GeolP claims to use a number of Internet mapping tools to identify and correct IP addresses where the end-user location does not match the ISP location on the Whois record but they do not go into detail about exactly how they do this They do claim they are 95 percent accurate in geolocating IP addresses NetGeo http www caida org tools utilities netgeo NetGeo from the Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis CAIDA takes a completely different approach and one frankly that is less reliable NetGeo correlates both IP address and Autonomous System AS numbers to the three major Whois databases at ARIN APNIC and RIPE and returns latitude longitude data for the city state or province district etc and country from the text of the Whois record The problem is of course that there is no guarantee that the physical location of the server is the same as the physical location registered in the Whois database The site warns users it has not been updated and may give wildly inaccurate results I believe them 502 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL b1S O LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDI'I1 '6R 61 'neiAL tJ5E eP4L¥ Finding ISPs Internet Access Points Thanks to the expansion of the Internet it has become relatively easy to track down ISPs Internet Service Providers and or Internet access points lAPs for any country with public Internet access The first thing you need to understand is that there is no such thing as a complete list of ISPs anywhere Furthermore even a cursory look at websites providing lists of ISPs are either heavily weighted toward or entirely about US ISPs How do you go about finding ISPs in the rest of the world The best information about non-US ISPs not surprisingly requires payment sometimes big payment I highly recommend you check with your organization's library or other reference resource to see what premium fee for service resources they offer For example TeleGeography's Global Internet Geography is probably the single best source of information on ISPs around the world but it is far from cheap Registered users can view free samples of the report but to view the complete provider list read the detailed profiles on many of the providers and see the myriad country profiles you must have access to the complete report Global Internet Geography from TeleGeography http www telegeography com products gig index php One good way to find freely available information about non-US ISPs is to look at organizations or associations such as the European ISP Association This page provides links to its members' sites in individual European countries from which you can quickly dig down and find ISPs that are in turn members of that country's association UNCLASSIFIEDt'lI '6R 61 '1 'IeiAL tis 6NLY 503 DOClD 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL USE OP4LY Or ganisation T1l • lo llu lno nlne ISP d s o iatlo n s a I mb rs 01Euro ISP A u EuroiSPA's Members u EurolSPA's Members http www euroispa org 32 htm Here are the members of the ISP Association of Ireland m Q tmmmArrnu 1F H'mm mnt1f ji - 1 1I · i j i 1tt Ieircom net I ' ' t I ' _- ' i jmtprttml MR'I Wj '·D I R'j '63f' Servc ee i En a - - 'I L _ __ j - I J r • ••• •• • • •• II • •• • • w I ' I fAn e1 I I ited l I I UT V Illt 4' lnel EIn 11 Erf l 1 i l q I I _ ' 1 l L' ' ' j U · l U t H· I i verc ie _ In'Y 'U l lh 1£C IotI'l ol oJC l j $ e-l I _____ _ __ f lr-J ·· pr 0 ' r J ' k' f ' ' ' nova ra i HEAnet ' i H ' ' I ' '''' r·· · ' J ' · ·' · I I fI O2 Mf t 1 1 I ' f 11' 1 jll'l I hl h no 1 1l 1 1I1l1 e lt io li s i ' - ' 1 I ' I · Uci EmOll' Elil iil __ _1143 _ _- ' j ' ''' 1 1 d h Y Soft e- new j Em d ' ' 1' s ' 1 ··_··· -1 In nlll buzzl 6Em Q d • F t 7 J · -C b - ' 'Pf l j j ' t' I f ' i 504 1 1c '· 11 'PIlCh d r I JJ - -' 7 r i o' i UNCLASSIFIEDIYFOft OFFICIAL USE OP4LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFlelAL USE O'4LY Other international organizations and associations that list members in their country or region include the following Keep in mind that Local Internet Registries referred to at some of these sites are usually local ISPs Asia Pacific Network Information Center APNIC Membership List http www apnic netlmember current-members html This is an excellent way to find ISPs in the Asian Pacific region The list is searchable by country Below is a snapshot of the ISPs in Afghanistan that are members of APNIC Asia Pacific Notwork Information Cenlre APNIC Info FAQ Yotne here Home • tlJ1embe ship • I Resource Bervu es I Tr81mnR I MeebnA'II I MembershiP I Documents I Who s l SClilrl h I Internet communJty IQuick Linll e ArNie IliBmh fs All APNIC members View the APNIC members by Membership category Location Sort by IAFGHANISTAt Irandom View members oJ I You searched tor Membership category All Location AFGHANISTAN Sort by random APNle values the support of all its members if you notice that your organisation's listing is incorrect or incomplete please contact the APNle wellmaster A tg t ' t IJI I i r t SMAll AF lo-Global Services Pvt Ltd Ceretechs Government Communications Network Rusinfocom SMAll SMALL AF ASSOCI TE AF SMAll AF AF RIPE NCC's Membership List covers Europe North Africa and the Middle East listed by country code http www ripe netlmembership indices The Internet Service Providers' Association of South Africa http www ispa org za aboutlmemberlist shtml Africa Top Level Domains AFTLD Members http www aftld org html english AFTLDmembers html Internet Service Providers' Association of Nigeria http www ispan org ng Telecommunication Service Provider Association of Kenya TESPOK Kenyan ISPs http www tespok co ke ispa html UNCLASSIFIEDJlFOR OFFICIAL tiS orR' 505 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOR OFP ICIAL USE er4LY Association of African Internet Service Provider Associations http www afrispa org founding htm The Internet Service Providers' Association of India http www ispai in Members are shown in a scroll near the top right of the home page The Internet Service Providers' Association of Bangladesh http www ispabd org content php content 17 Internet Service Providers' Association of Nepal http www ispan net np memlist php The Hong Kong Internet Service Providers Association http www hkispa org hk memberlist htm Association de Fournisseurs d'Acces et de Services Internet France http www afa-france com membres html Slovene Internet Service Provider Association http www sispa org seznamclani htm Nominet UK Internet Names Organization Members http www nominet org uk governance members list Network Access Points or Internet Exchanges aka IXs are also superb sources of information about local ISPs NAPs or IXs are the junctions where Internet traffic is handed off among different Internet providers and networks Think of them as performing the same function as airport hubs or highway cloverleaves where travelers change from one airline or highway to another Finding IXs is relatively easy because there are a couple of sites that provide links to virtually all the exchanges around the world The two best free non-registration sites are Colosource's Internet Exchange Points and Exchange Points Around the World If you are able to register at websites TeleGeography's Internet Exchange Points Directory is free only to registered users Telegeography's Internet Exchange Points Directory Registration Required http www telegeography com products ix index php Colosource's Internet Exchange Points Exchange Points Around the World http www colosource com ix asp http www ep netlep-main html It is a simple matter to use an IX directory or list to find ISPs If I am interested in Hong Kong from Colosource's home page I scroll down to Asia Internet eXchanges and click on China The Hong Kong Internet eXchange HKIX which brings up a page with a link to connected lAPs 506 UNCLASSIFIEDilFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY D OClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL l ISE m LY Licensed Members The following Internet Acc ess Providers have been direcll y connect ed to HKIX Internet Access Provldlrs LInk Speed to JiKIX ' T T ' lob 1 New o' Ser ces HK Lid ' it N i p 'I lN GI lh l l i l l t d·· - ---- - FE ·······_·_·-GE-·-···_·- lChm l QO l u rc s Pooples l ohmhOiio Co Lid C ti · 16 t6 o al a Limited C ty ine IHang Kan i Lid •• Cornmunilink lnt lnlel Lln ule J itp6' H · El l l OG GE GE __ _ _ JI L _ _ GE GE STM·I ATM 155 1 GE GE ATM 155 EI x 5 GE x 2 iEQUlnllt Hong Kong Limited Era Inlernatl o n 9 f tI lET 1' 2 h d 'flAG T l ec o n Asia limited GE - - - - - AT M ' - I- I - 6i32 ATM 16132 ·'·······GE ·i3E- ·-' C-o U11 Hen v'or jATM 155 GE FE GE GE Global Crossing Hong Kong lImlled iGI JbdIN£'t C mmut1lc l iorl Lil iled Google Hong Kong Limoted l OG x 3 GE GE 1HKNet Corncanv Lid rrl -' _ l r R onIJ Shanghai 8 an mg__ _ r_ __ 1 r h r ' T ep lg D I __ o Ja i l 1 iIl iled _ _ _ H lJl ' h i so n MlJltlMedl S er l C e s Lie GE 2 'FExT - '·- '·· lOG G E 8 AS Number 2687 9237 -i 3491 · - - 9231 17554 9409 -ii27' '-'4058 5n 901 648 712 379 '-1218 t 23 9584 598 9505 1186 4862 079 17819 756 24328 1193 _ Q§ _ _ _ 636 •_ •••• 15412 EFTNS 202 826 3549 1139 17990 873 15 169 ·i222 looSB 685 9269 23749 4645 094 B42 110 _ _ 1011B 9304 10032 1088 • _ 238 The following sites list and link to ISPs around the world but remember that none of these sites has a complete list of all ISPs everywhere You will need to look at some or all of these lists as well as try country-specific resources if you are want to find a thorough list of ISPs in a particular country The best list of ISPs is called not surprisingly The List a site that has been around for years Click on the highlighted country code for the best list of ISPs in most countries around the world Other resources vary in quality depending on the country you're researching so you will probably need to look at all of these sites The List http thelisUnternet com countrycode html NSRC's Connectivity Providers Database http www nsrc org networkstatus html Some of the information at the Network Startup Resource Center is out of date while some has recently been updated however the links should help you locate the major ISPs in almost any country International Internet Access Providers http www herbison com herbison iapinternationalmetalist html Herbison's International Internet Access Providers website was last updated in April 2006 While some of the links are out of date there is so much information at this site it is still useful UNCLASSIFIEDI'IJ 'e 6FFleiAL l JSE ONLY 507 OOClO 4046925 UNCLA55IFIEOb'1-0ft OFnCIAL USE miLY FreedomList http www freedomlist com find php3 Free and cheap ISPs by country fairly well up to date African Internet Connectivity Last updated 2002 http www3 sn apc org africa af-isps htm Middle East Directory List of ISPs Good resource for 16 Middle Eastern countries some links are out of date http www middleeastdirectory com me-isps htm Major directories can be good sources for ISPs around the world though they are only starting points and none has a really thorough list of ISPs Google Directory http directory google comlTop Computers 1 nternet Access Providers http dir yahoo com Yahoo Directory There are several ways to use Yahoo to find international ISPs The best is Business_and_Economy Business_to_ Business Communications_and_Networking l nternet_and_World_Wide_Web Network_Service_Providers l nternet_Service_Provid ers- ISPs- I This lists ISPs for most countries and all world regions Also look at each individual Region and Country to see if Yahoo lists ISPs for that area or country Because of the lack of terrestrial broadband capacity in many locations there is an increasing demand for broadband services via satellite in many parts of the world These sites will help you locate satellite Internet providers Satellite Internet Service Providers for North South America Europe Africa Asia Middle East http www satsiq net Linksat Satellite and Internet Providers covers most of the globe http www linksat com Satellite Industry Links Satellite Service Providers includes but is not limited to Internet service http www satellite-Iinks co uk links ssp html Wireless Internet access points usually called hotspots have become extremely important in recent years Many sites have appeared to help people locate these hotspots anywhere in the world Intel's Mobile Technology Hotspot Finder is among the best of these sites You can search for hotspots by address city state country region distance business or hotspot name location type e g an airport by service provider or by whether they are free or commercial hotspots or both You can also browse hotspots by country The number of hotspots is listed next to each country's name 508 UNCLA551FIEOffFOft OFnOlAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlGIAb l ISi g JbY Intel's Mobile Technology Hotspot Finder http intel jiwire com AR Rlyad Saudi Arabia 19 lo' mjrms fOlllld --- -_ IN io - or 19 p eA Slj d f AI I lY In I-9 I I -t -r lIl lde H f p'ltto ilti 11 A I $$ P'l vido' s AI·Faisaliah Tower· Alaa Adden AI·rajf 'dl lI hlw 1 I ltlol Alh h Kln'iFal d Road Rivadh Ii Rirau$I 0 1 ' 1 f d Ru Ri v h AI ir J Hotspot Detail Millllnlfe djoll'S- l l _ ' tOf1ep n w JIoluhl folt0311 StlQt1 '0' Conned Wilh - • · u I' l '''A'I M PI id' 'l Ph Oltfl R iy - tr 1' ' Q 3C t15t e Mill IDil Iil II-S WI'I Dav AlF us 1ti lIi'TiJwet PH i hJt f w r r i ' 'h_ Rlffllo1 '1I OO Map IOi Jc'ilms PIlM l Im lIhl j RlY td h 1I If i li h U tll O l1e UOII 1' peI lold Pl tMle1 PI I-Vi h I A rl ' -1 ir j e02 1 H1WI·Fi infl M lllnnh' f·'1 l II IPass's Hotspot Finder lets users look for dial-up ISDN PHS access points and Ethernet or Wi-Fi Internet access points in any country For example it found 72 hotspots in Hokkaido Japan Other hotspot finder websites include the following http ipass jiwire com iPass Hotspot Finder Wi-Fi Hotspot List http www wi-fihotspotlist com http www hotspothaven com Hotspothaven JiWire Global WiFi Hotspot Finder http www jiwire com search-hotspot-Iocations htm WiFinder http www wifinder com WiFi411 http www wifi411 com Finally cybercafes remain extremely popular Internet access points in many countries where it may be too expensive to have either a personal computer or an Internet connection in one's home But they have also become popular with travelers who don't want to lug around a laptop which is all too easy to steal More and more people are relying on their neighborhood cybercafes as a cheap fast easy way to exchange email and browse the web without the inconvenience of having to carry around a laptop There are many guides and search engines for finding cybercafes around the world but do keep in mind that cybercafes come and go very quickly especially in certain countries China for example closed 8600 unlicensed cybercafes in 2004 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFlCI I L liSE ONLY 509 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlel L Netcafe Guide I JSE ONLY http www world66 com netcafeguide Google Directory Cybercafes http directory google com Top Computers lnternet Cybercafes Cybercaptive Search Engine The country search has been disabled search by city http cybercaptive com Indra's International Cybercafes http www indranet com potpourri links cybercafeinLhtml Curious Cat's Cybercafe Connections http www curiouscat com travel cybercafe cfm Internet Cybercafe Database http cybercafe katchup co nz search asp A database searchable by country and city that provides results in an easy to read format Internet CyberCafe Database KATCHUP For Yau · OYwA Web BAsed Efnall Address Wdcome 10 he Internet's first free fully automared andsearchable d tabase ol Cybercales oj Pubsc A« e S h emel terminals II Egyp' 1r 'l4mJ t Egypt Mud Grand M·r 1l Jrd Flore M I' ilJJ·jlSoln Delll f1$ Jr ' 'mf t Eg rpt 2 M liMlSur cn 11$1 I h n Apt 4U hldenCrty m· j6l J1ll De111 II$ J wmfiEK 1f'I Z 1 I ldi pQrtmgC'llJb mCltJJ o I·1 111' J sheheb n mchnndseen olnm O ls oo j lIe d b' l 41 Worldon-dt Int mctC@fo nr 1mJdIlStle CybffCU Ll t Ol m 5tJMt PM$4g AI o Vc the O t 4 $I I e tlbdel mz yt Fdr OCity mQhM'o iFe n r l'l nEnh n nr OIJ J4l U£ Pel f1s ilJl·J2l7m Oet f1$ J Oe-t I j Mchendeseen CIty E eg St F ult I Vil IRl£ -f FT 1 Ml'lgd Ele l4lfiS frorn '1Ci U 1 13E1·Th St Ahm 10 b · El11 01 - 11 AlnSh St n· 93J474 Oe1ll ils I OJUISITf2J Pel l I In short there are many resources available to help users find Internet access points and sources of all types although there is no single resource that will do it all for you And some types of Internet access especially cybercafes change so rapidly that it is especially difficult to keep up with the latest information on their locations requiring users to refresh that data frequently 510 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONbY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDl'l'l 'Opt OI 'JilelAL USE ONLY Cybergeography Topology and Infrastructure The Internet has created many new ways of seeing understanding and knowing the world It has also created in a sense a new world unto itself a world with its own geography which has come to be known as cybergeography the configuration of the constituent parts of the Internet The most original and informative of the websites devoted to mapping this new landscape used to be Cybergeography which contains among other things cybermaps of many flavors topology census conceptual historical etc Some of these maps are very imaginative and some even display an eerie beauty However the site has not been updated since 2004 so it is becoming an archive instead of a library of new information Cybergeography Research http www cybergeography org For a different view of the Internet check out the Internet Traffic Report The Internet Traffic Report monitors the flow of data around the world It then displays a value between zero and 100 Higher values indicate faster and more reliable connections The Traffic Report uses ping to measure round-trip travel time along major paths on the Internet It also measures response time i e how long it takes for a piece of data to travel from point A to point B and back round trip The Traffic Report also provides data on packet loss which indicates how reliable the connection is All this data is available for major routers around the world and displayed graphically Internet Traffic Report http www internettrafficreporLcom main htm Yet another way of visualizing and thereby understanding the Internet is by looking at an Internet Exchange IX or Network Access Points NAPs An IX is where networks and service providers hand off traffic to each other they function as hubs for Internet traffic in very much the way certain airports serve as switching points for passengers And like airport hubs they are very crowded busy places There are IXs around the world though obviously many more in congested areas such as the US and Europe In fact many countries and even some regions do not have their own IXs which means they must use exchanges in Europe Asia or even the US to route traffic between countries or even within one country which leads to some very interesting routing patterns Internet Exchanges all have websites and each provides a varying amount of data The two best free metasites with links to most of the world 's IXs are Exchange Point Information and Colosource UNCLASSIFIEDlIFOpt OJiJilelAL USE ONLY 511 DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDIIFOR OFFl6IAL J ISE ONb¥ Colosource Internet eXchange Points Exchange Point Information http www colosource com ix asp http www ep net ep-main html Internet Exchanges are invaluable sources of information about how major networks are connected to each other all over the world Often IX websites will include information about peering arrangements Peering is the arrangement of traffic exchange between Internet service providers ISPs Larger ISPs with their own backbone networks agree to allow traffic from other large ISPs in exchange for traffic on their backbones They also exchange traffic with smaller ISPs so that they can reach regional end points Essentially this is how a number of individual network owners put the Internet together 159 In addition to IXs Internet backbones which are central networks that connect other networks together are high-interest segments of the Internet Some of the best known are Worldcom UUNET Owest and KPNOwest in Europe Genuity Sprint AT T Cable Wireless Savvis GlobalOne BELNET Telia and Teleglobe Internet Backbone Networks http www geog ucl ac uk casa martin atlas ispmaps html Russ Haynal's Major Internet Backbones Boardwatch's Internet Backbone Maps http www navigators com isp html http www nthelp com maps htm BWM's Links to Network Maps http www bandwidthmarket com componentloption com weblinks catid 74 ltemid 4 8T Infonet's Network Maps http www bt infonet com services internet network maps asp What do backbone maps typically look like Here is the Ipv6 backbone map for the National Education and Research Network Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa RNP the Brazilian infrastructure of advanced network for collaboration and communication in the fields of teaching and research 16o The interactive web page not only displays the topology seen here but also includes links with details about the connectivity 159 Peering Whatis com http whatis techtarget com 14 November 2006 160 RNP Backbone Map http www rnp br en backbone index php 14 November 2006 512 UNCLA55IFIED l FOR OFFlSIl b J ISIi g b¥ DOCID 40469 25 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFOR OFFIOIAL USE mJL¥ nedt rtadon 1 Ietnsillo eo Pesquiu p motinq t itlOO lqtive usc ClfoclldncC l1 r ctlvorlijilg in Elra2il RNP '_'I'illil Backbone RNP21Pv6 co uuecttcu s Topo logy sn ows sl ates served b ' IP 6 con nections T o obtain inrc rm auon a bout ea ch cc nnecnon cuce on State Of s e lect a Point of Presence PoP nom the m enu anove _-_ _ _ - _ -- •• 'i V r fl u' _ 0- D- _ 2 2 M 1 Sn 1 4 I S5 Mlp S T M I 34 Mbp f3 4-r b 1 2xEl Another effort to visualize the topology of the Internet is Mapnet maintained by the Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analys is CAIDA The ir color map which runs as a web-based Java applet allows you to view major providers simultaneously and also to zoom into a specific world region Mapnet http www caida org tools visualization mapneti UNCLASSIFIEDYj QR Qj nGIAL I ISE mJLY 513 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiliOIi OlililelAL jse ONLY Internet Privacy and Security-Making Yourself less Vulnerable in a Dangerous World The problems with Internet privacy and security are getting steadily worse not better each year as technology to collect information surreptitiously and attack computers at will steadily improves and proliferates To make matters worse malicious attacks are not the only or even the most common ways personal data is gathered stored and used Businesses routinely collect information and in some cases share it without users' knowledge or consent By now most Internet users know they are inadvertently giving out information about themselves every time they naviqate the Internet However it is almost impossible for anyone to have a clear idea exactly what information is being unwittingly provided Part of the problem stems from one of the seemingly inviolable rules of progress that applies doubly so to the Internet - tti lTM i f I C 6nv n ience Less Privacy • I ' t l ' I I ' 1 ' 12 2' e t· 1 ' A » ' M ''' o Major computer companies have recognized this trade-off for years though rarely will they openly discuss it In an unusual instance of candor a Microsoft executive admitted that one of the features in Internet Explorer is a good example of this axiom Speaking of userdata persistence more on what this is later Michael Wallent said this feature has a trade-off like almost every other feature on the web-in this case between functionality and a minor potential privacy exposure t emphasis added 161 Paul Festa IE Feature Can Track Web Surfers Without Warning CNET News 11 September 2000 http news cnet com news O-1005-200-275184 3 html 14 November 2006 514 UNCLASSIFIEDtll OR Ol l lCIAb U8i g Jb¥ DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJ1FO Ol-l-lelJ8cL l J5E ONLY Scott MacNealy's now-infamous quote 162_ you have zero privacy anyway Get over it -may no longer be an overstatement At the very least it should serve as a warning to Internet users to be wary of all products and services but especially new ones that promise to do things faster better easier and cheaper There is almost always a hidden cost often in weakened security and compromised privacy The costs however are not always so hidden Many are affecting the bottom line and the budgets of businesses and governments Dealing with viruses spyware PC theft and other computer-related crimes costs U S businesses a s taggering $67 2 billion a year according to the FBI The FBI calculated the price tag by extrapolating results from a survey of 2 066 organizations The survey found that 1 324 respondents or 64 percent suffered a financial loss from computer security incidents over a 12-month period 163 Furthermore as both professionals and individuals become more security savvy the threats become more insidious and therefore harder to detect and protect against The 2007 Internet Threat Outlook a report by software maker CA predicted that malware brokers will continue to piece together threats such as Trojan horse viruses worms and the many forms of spyware to hide their attacks and evade technological defenses employed by both enterprises and consumers With the level of professionalism rising quickly among the most sophisticated virus distributors CA predicts that zeroday exploits drive-by malware downloads and extremely intricate phishing schemes will continue to become more dangerous and harder to detect 164 Especially worrisome is the proliferation of bots the shortened version of 'robot ' which simply refers to any software designed to dig through data For example search engines use spider bots to crawl webpages to index them there are shopping bots that look for the best prices for consumers bots are at the heart of data mining the process of finding patterns in enormous amounts of data But bad bots create a virus-like infection under the remote control of a distant computer network or individual This new threat exploits vulnerabilities in security subsystems 162 Polly Sprenger Sun on Privacy Get Over It Wired 26 January 1999 http www wired com news politics O 1283 17538 OO html 14 November 2006 Joris Evers Computer crime costs $67 billion FBI says CNET News com 19 January 2006 http news com com 2102-73493-6028946 html tag sLutil print 30 January 2007 163 164 Matt Hines CA Predicts More Attacks on Experienced Users eWeek via Yahoo News 25 January 2007 http news yahoo com s zd 20070125 tc zd 199597 31 January 2007 UNCLASSIFIEDj'jI-O Ol-l-lelJ8cL tJSE ONLY 515 OOClO 4046925 UNCLA55IFIEOil'FOR OFFlChi8cL USE miLY and often exploits normally unused ports and channels permitting the bots to move about on the net unnoticed and undetected There are now thousands of these bad bots no one really 'knows how many trolling the Internet connected to what is known as a botnet a kind of underground network of malicious activity A 2004 study concluded that two years ago only 200 bot-virus variations existed today in 2004 there are about 4 000 according to F-Secure Corp 165 The security situation is rapidly deteriorating David Dagon a Georgia Institute of Technology researcher who is a co-founder of Damballa a start-up company focusing on controlling botnets said the consensus among scientists is that botnet programs are present on about 11 percent of the more than 650 million computers attached to the Internet 166 None of this is new botnets have been around for a long time What is new is the vastly escalating scale of the problem-and the precision with which some of the programs can scan computers for specific information like corporate and personal data to drain money from online bank accounts and stock brokeraqes Security experts believe most spam-in fact more than 80 percent-is now sent by 168 bots Spam is more than a nuisance It is the most pervasive and pernicious medium for spreading all sorts of malicious software malware To make matters worse simply using a preview window in an email application may be sufficient to activate scripts sent by spammers which means many users are unwittingly contributing to the spread of spam and malware According to a study by network management firm Sandvine Trojans and worms with backdoor components such as Migmaf and SoBig have turned infected Windows PCs into drones in vast networks of compromised zombie PCs Sandvine reckons junk mails created and routed by 'sparn Trojans ' are clogging ISP mail servers forcing unplanned network upgrades and stoking antagonism between large and small ISPS 169 With more and more ISPs pulling the plug on spammers as complaints flood in spammers are turning to these backdoor means of spreading spam because they are much more efficient much harder to detect and much more difficult to stop Making things even tougher for IT security administrators in 2007 is the fact that an increasing amount of spam will be image-based which is more difficult to detect image-based spam Cassell Bryan-Low Virus for Hire Growing Number of Hackers Attack Web Sites for Cash The Wall Street Journal pp A 1 A8 30 November 2004 165 John Markoff Attack of the Zombie Computers Is Growing Threat The New York Times registration required 7 January 2007 http www nytimes com 2007 01 07 technolog y 07net html 16 January 2007 166 167 Markoff 168 Markoff John Leyden Zombie PCs Spew Out 80% of Spam The Register 4 June 2004 htl p l www theregister co uk 2004 06 04 trojan spam study 14 November 2006 169 516 UNCLA551FIEOfiFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY accounted for more than 40% of all spam messages generated in the fourth quarter of 2006 compared with less than 5% in the first quarter of 2005 170 All it takes is a public willing to open spam email especially in HTML format or its seemingly innocuous attachments and there are millions of people still doing this Spam sent using bets is notoriously difficult to trace because it uses other people's computers to traverse the Internet and of course always-on broadband connections only facilitate the movement of bots and spam The year 2003 may be remembered in Internet history for reaching one very unfortunate milestone there were more spam emails than legitimate emails In 2003 Brightmail an anti-spam company saw spam surpass legitimate emailgrowing to more than 56% of all Internet email up from just 40% a year ago 171 The problem continues to worsen In 2004 statistics painted a different picture According to e-mail security vendor FrontBridge's figures spam volume increased two percent to 87 percent of e-mail and has continued its growth each month since May of this year 2004 172 December 2006 saw a new record according to one tracking system spam accounted for 94 percent of all email that month 173 Despite improvements in knowledge and education about computer security risks too many people still know little or nothing about the vulnerabilities in the tools they use every day and this ignorance truly is bliss to the bad people wishing to exploit those weaknesses Therefore the first essential step in improving your Internet security and privacy is to learn more about basic vulnerabilities exploits and ways to protect yourself Many of the recommendations in this book only need to be implemented one time for the life of a computer Some such as keeping basic software up to date require more diligence However all are examples of good computer hygiene that will-or should-become second nature over time There are new vulnerabilities disclosed literally every week so this book cannot provide a comprehensive list of problems flaws and potential attacks It can do three things Provide general guidance on improving your Internet privacy and security 170 Paul McDougall Organized Malware Factories Threaten Internet Users Study Says Information Week 30 January 2007 http www informationweek com story showArticle ihtml articleID 197001739 31 January 2007 171 Brightmail Reports on Spam Trends of 2003 Networks Unlimited 27 February 2004 http www netunlim co za news news18 htm link inactive as of November 2005 172 Sean Michael Kerner ''The Deadly Duo Spam and Viruses ClickZ Stats 16 November 2004 http www c1ickz com stats sectors email article php 3433141 14 November 2006 173 Gregg Keizer Spam Sets Record Accounts For 94% Of E-mail InformationWeek 10 January 2007 http news yahoo com s cmp 20070111 tc cmp 196802782 23 January 2007 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFIOIAL l ISE ONLY 517 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDI1FO OFFICIAL USE ONLY Describe some known problems and how to cope with them Point you to some privacy-related sites that have good information about keeping a low profile and preventing malicious attacks Ultimately each individual must be responsible for staying up to date with the latest news about computer vulnerabilities-you're your own best line of defense Basics for Improving Your Internet Privacy and SecurUy The first thing you should do is check one of the sites that lets you see what information is being unwittingly provided about you as you surf Go to the following sites to see what is known about you as you browse and in the case of Shields Up what can be done to your computer while you're on line As Steve Gibson the site's creator explains Without your knowledge or explicit permission the Windows networking technology which connects your computer to the Internet may be offering some or all of your computer's data to the entire world at this very moment At his site Gibson offers very practical ways to protect yourself and your data Shields Up http www grc com Junkbusters http www junkbusters com cgi-bin privacy BrowserHawk Browser Analysis http www syscape com showbrow aspx Browser Spy Browser Analysis http gemal dk browserspy Russ Haynal's Persona Check http navigators comfcgi-bin navigators persona pl HackerWhacker Free Tools http whacker4 hackerwhacker com freetools php especially the Browser Leakage and Quick Scan for open ports Sygate Symantec Online Security Services http scan sygate com home homeoffice sygate index jsp Sygate is now owned by Symantec There is some though not much security through obscurity If you have dial-up access to the Internet through a commercial ISP you likely will be assigned a different dynamic IP address every time you log on which means it is difficult to link you as an individual customer of a particular ISP to any specific IP number registered to that provider Furthermore if you use an ISP with a large geographic coverage area it may be difficult to pin down your location On the other hand your 518 UNCLASSIFIEDl'lFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOft OFFlelAL liSE OP4LY ISP may indicate a very specific location-say Fairfax County Virginia-so check your profile how to do this later However just because you're using a dial-up connection doesn't mean you can become complacent Determined malicious hackers use very sophisticated tools such as one that automatically dials thousands of random phone numbers until it finds another modem connected to the Internet maybe your computer modem The sheer size of the Internet is also an inhibiting factor in what can be tracked by network administrators For example take a look at a web statistics page at the Department of Pulsar Astrometry of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory in Moscow Pushchino Radio Astr onomy Ob er Wjf I' Russia Access Statistics 0 03 0 03 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 00 0 00 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 01 0 04 0 01 0 00 0 06 0 03 0 02 0 01 0 02 0 01 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 02 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 06 0 04 0 01 0 01 62579 38850 29662 10654 20170 10690 12598 3197 8608 1574 11833 10854 10854 21378 14129 12062 12082 703 15560 663 703 703 99068 46281 16789 14270 15 17 6 2 3 2 4 2 6 1 4 2 2 5 4 4 4 1 5 2 1 1 5 19 4 2 http psun32 pI·ao psn ru lJlfo r lal html It ktu sc-uni delc8 It mtl its It ot slvie3-a10 It takas sia dialup41 It takas vln dialup66 It telecom klp dialup74 lu pt ppp01-o71o-o19 lu pt ppp01-o71o-o65 Iv alise gw Iv gov vid proxy lv lu fmf cs pc06 lv iga dialup166 lv iga dialup161 MDDNa£ aviano Cits-fW-l mil af keesler kee22-200-52 mil af langley scm user237066 mil af pope jasUI mil af wpafb pxOo rnil uscg gaceway-fincen mil uscg gaceway-08c mv net dhivehinet engine3 mx com pvnet pppd23 mx com spin blaster37 mx inaoep pactli mx itesm mty macematic8S mx net telmex tntleonl-1-157 Network administrators use these statistics to glean general information about where visitors to their website are coming from peak activity times and which internal uris are visited most frequently Of special interest are accesses by client domain Most accesses at the observatory not surprisingly are from other computers at the site but if you scroll down the list many international sites including edu gov and mil also appear While access to servers from commercial US accounts is generally too commonplace to provide much useful information access from gov or mil accounts show up quite prominently on these statistical listings Also generally only older or superficial statistics tend to be available to the public more recent statistics which tend to be very detailed usually require a password In addition to unscrupulous people trying to get into your computer a somewhat less threatening but nonetheless worrisome possibility is that a network administrator at the website you are visiting may be able to tell the following about you UNCLASSIFIEOllF8R 8FFleiAL tJ81 ONe 519 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOIIFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ot LY Who your provider is Where your provider is located What site you last visited If you link to a site from a search engine the query you ran What browser software you are using Your email address On the other hand you may not be giving out all this information Specifically you should make sure your browser does not provide the HTTP_From or REMOTE_USER variables both of which give away information about your email address and other indications of your identity Also ensure that the REMOTE_IDENT variable is not being disclosed more than likely it is not How do you know if you are providing these variables Go to the Junkbusters site listed above and it will let you know •JUNKBUSTERS Alert on Web Privacy You can be tracked from your mouse clicks Most people surf the net under the illusionthat nobody will ever know what they look at We want you to know what companies find out about you when you visit their web sites Your browser assembles each page by makmg HTTP requests for its text and graphics parts from one or more web sites These sites may not have been named in the link you clicked on two banner ads on the same page can come from' different companies Your browser gives all of them a lot of information you might prefer to keep private Most sites store these details indefinitely How they know where you came from The HTTP Referer tells them what led you to the request In this case it was not provided • If you use a search engine to find a site the entire query you typed is typically handed to the sites you then click on • If you clicked on a banner advertisement the URL may contain coded data used to target specific ads at you Before clicking on an ad look at the URL displayed for it Codes and long addresses suggest that your mouse clicks are being tracked • If the URL you clicked on was in one of your private files such as your email reader may use the full file name is still handed over to the web site It may contain information about you such as an indication of your name or email address the email program you are using and the structure of your file space Junkbusters 520 http www junkbusters com cgi-bin privacy UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlelAL I JSE Or4L'f DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOfflieft e1iFl61 fcL USE ONLY Increase Your Knowledge Most computer users think they are much safer on line than they actually are according to a survey of 329 computer users by America Online and the National Cyber Security Alliance NCSA during 2004 174 To conduct the survey AOL and the NCSA sent technicians to 329 homes to inspect users' computers Here's what the survey found Four out of five users had spyware and or adware on their computers and most did not know this software was running on their computers Nearly two-thirds had been infected by a virus at one time and this is just the number who knew about an infection 85 percent had anti-virus software but more than half hadn't updated it in a week or more Two-thirds of users did not have any type of firewall protection Nearly three in five users did not know the difference between a firewall and antivirus software 38 percent of wireless users had not bothered to encrypt their networks Users are endangering not only their own privacy and security including any and all financial and personal data stored on a computer but they are putting everyone else at risk The proliferation of spyware opens the gates to intruders who can potentially gain control of individual computers When networked together this system of personal computers can form what is usually called a zombie army of PCs that can be used to attack other networks Like it or not each individual is responsible for his or her own computer privacy and security so please pay attention to the basics to protect yourself and others Here are the minimum steps you need to take Keep your system patched and regularly update all security software Install routinely run and UPDATE an anti-virus program at least once a week In general do not open email attachments Install and use firewall software and or hardware make sure settings are restrictive 174 America Online and National CyberSecurity Alliance AOL NCSA Online Safety Study Staysafeonline org October 2004 http www staysafeonline org pdf safety study 2005 pdf PDF 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEOlVlieft e1iFl61 fcL USE ONLY 521 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFlel L liSE Or LY Use strong passwords and change them regularly Do not download agreements Install routinely run and update spyware software at least one and preferably two Configure your Internet browser s to maximize security If you have a wireless network use strong encryption and install programs indiscriminately read user For general information and help with personal privacy and security concerns visit websites such as are NCSA's Stay Safe Online CERT's Home Network Security About's Network Security and Microsoft's page on security and privacy for home users to learn more about vulnerabilities and how to protect yourself from many dangers on the Internet All these sites not only warn you about the problems but also do an excellent job of telling you how to fix vulnerabilities About's Network Security http netsecurity about com CERT's Home Network Security - http www cert org techtips homenetworks html Get Safe Online http www getsafeonline org Microsoft Security Privacy for Home Users http www microsoft com athome security default mspx NSA's Security Recommendation Guides NCSA's Stay Safe Online Surf the Net Safely http www nsa gov snac http www staysafeonline info http surfthenetsafely com and for Macintosh users http www securemac com SecureMac com The Perils and Pitfalls of Wireless Internet I believe I need to interject a few comments about wireless Internet connectivity here If you use wireless connections either in your home or on the road I urge you in the strongest terms to be extremely careful with wireless connectivity The New York Time's technology columnist David Pogue wrote an interesting piece on how his eyes were opened by a stark demonstration of the insecurity of a public WiFi 522 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFlel L SE OPJLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiFO OfflelAL liSE m L¥ connection In fact if you use WiFi without encryption expect that anyone and everyone can read everything you read and write and track every move you make You also need to be aware of the WiFi evil twin scenario an attack that is remarkable both for its simplicity and its effectiveness Here's how it works The bad guy takes his laptop to a popular coffee shop where lots of people like to use the Internet while enjoying a cup 0' joe The bad guy has set up his computer to transmit a signal that turns his laptop into an Internet gateway or access point one that looks and sounds remarkably legitimate Here you come mocha frappuccino in hand you open your laptop start searching for a local WiFi connection and-bingo-in addition to that coffee shop's fee-for-service Mobile Hotspot there is a second option Cheap Friendly Mobile Hotspot or maybe even a Free Mobile Hotspot If you are like most people you might well log into the cheap or free service assuming they are legitimate WiFi hotspots And what happens if you do log into an evil twin WiFi access point The bad guy will have software on his computer to capture every keystroke you make so whatever you have entered once you've logged in he now owns And if you used a credit card to log into the cheap WiFi hotspot the bad guy now has that Even if you sent any encrypted data such as a password that's still probably not a problem for the bad guy because he also undoubtedly has software to break that too The problem is obvious you don't want to fall prey to this evil twin attack but how to avoid it and still use WiFi hotspots Here are good suggestions from PCWorid Magazine Check Your Wi-Fi Settings Many laptops are set to constantly search and log on to the nearest hotspot While this option might seem convenient it does not allow you to monitor which hotspots you are logging on to and determine if they are legitimate Turning off this option will prevent your computer from logging on to a hotspot without your knowledge Pay Attention to Dialog Boxes Pop-up warnings are there for a reason-to protect you If you are lucky enough to have not clicked the never show this again option make sure you read these warnings carefully before agreeing to send information Use One of Your Credit Cards on the Web Only Open a credit card account that is used solely for the purposes of shopping on the Web Ideally you should be able to access account records online so you don't have to wait for monthly statements to monitor any activity Be prepared to close that account on short notice if it's been compromised says Schiller Conduct Private Business in Private Maybe you don't need to move money around or check your bank statements when you are connected to a public 175 David Pogue How Secure is Your WiFi Connection Pogue's Posts The New York Times 4 January 2007 http pogue blogs nytimes com 2007 01 04 04pogue-email 16 January 2007 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFISIAL l- JSE g Jb¥ 523 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDtlfFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY hotspot that you're not really familiar with says Schiller If you restrict your public surfing to Web pages you don't mind a stranger reading along with you there is little an evil twin attacker can do to harm yoU 176 I recommend that you embark on the installation of a home wireless network with trepidation and care Two good starting places for learning more about secure wireless networking are Tony Bradley's Introduction to Wireless Network Security and Brian Livingston's Wi-Finally Wireless Security That Actually Works Introduction to Wireless Network Security http netsecurity about com od hackertools a aa072004b htm Brian Livingston Wi-Finally Wireless Security That Actually Works http www windowssecrets com comp 050526 - story1 Law

10 Technology is not a panacea 177 Web Tip Virtually all Microsoft products come with all the doors open and unlocked figuratively speaking You must take upon yourself to find the open doors shut them and lock them tight 176 Erin Biba Does Your Wi-Fi Hotspot Have an Evil Twin Identity thieves are going wireless in their quest to steal your personal info Medill News Service PCWorld 15 March 2005 http www pcworld com news article O aid 120054 OO asp 16 January 2007 524 UNCLASSIFIEDff O O neIAL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIi e e leIAL tJ3E e' LY Browser Concerns Using Internet Explorer's Privacy and Security Controls One of the biggest underlying problems vis-a-vis Internet security is that virtually all Microsoft products including Internet Explorer come with all the doors open and unlocked figuratively speaking You must take upon yourself to find the open doors shut them and lock them tight The guiding principle for browser security is to place high restrictions on all web sites by default while giving trusted sites only limited security restrictions This will allow trusted sites to function with limited or no problems Because of the many changes occurring with Microsoft products including the release of Internet Explorer 7 in October 2006 and the Vista operating system in January 2007 as well as the growth in popularity of the Firefox browser I am no longer focusing on instructions for specific software Instead I will discuss the broad issues surrounding browser privacy and security and point you to sites where you can learn the details of securing your own particular browser and other software In August 2005 Microsoft released an upgrade to IE version 6 that was only available to users of Windows XP SP2 For more information on IE6 for Windows XP SP2 I recommend these sites to readers who still use IE6 Windows XP Service Pack 2 What's New for Internet Explorer and Outlook Express http www microsoft com windowsxp sp2 ieoeoverview mspx Comparison of the Internet Explorer Security Zones in Windows XP Service Pack 2 http surfthenetsafely com ieseczone5 htm Then on November 1 2006 Microsoft began offering Internet Explorer 7 since renamed Windows Internet Explorer as a high-priority update via Windows Automatic Updates Microsoft is no longer updating its browser for any operating systems other than XP Service Pack 2 Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista 177 The Ten Immutab le Laws of Security Microsoft Security Essays http www mi cros oft com techn eUtreeview de fau lt asp url te chne Ucolumns secur ity essa ys 1 Oimlaws asp 14 November 2006 178 The advent of Windows XP Service Pack 2 in 2004 addressed some of these open door privacy and security issues but certainly not all of them The safest rule is never to assume any product is secure and always read the instructions on how to implement higher levels of privacy and security A good starting place for Windows security help is Microsoft Technet Security http www microsoft com tec hneUsecurity def ault mspx 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL E g Jb¥ 525 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDft'IiO OlililelA L tl8E OI L For help with lETs security and privacy settings look at the Microsoftwebsite and these other sites but remember the IE browser in Windows XP is not the same as the browser that came with Vista Microsoft offers a set of four steps to improve your online security and privacy While it is incomplete it is a good starting place for strengthening your Microsoft-based browser and email security Microsoft IE7 Dynamic Security Protection http www microsoft com windows products winfamily ie features mspx Microsoft Improve the Safety of Your Browsing and E-Mail Activities http www microsoft com athome security online browsing safety mspx How to surf more safely with Internet Explorer 7 http www helpwithwindows com techfiles ie7-surf-safe html Brian Livingston Windows Secrets IE7 Needs Tweaking for Safety http windowssecrets com comp 061 0261 - story1 Diana Huggins IE 7 0's Internet Options Privacy and Security Settings http www lockergnome com nexu s wi ndows 2007 01 22 ie-70s-internet-option s-security-settings http www lockergnome com nexus windows 2007 01 23 ie-7 Os-internet -options-privacy-settings-part -if Be sure to look at Part II as well Marc Liron Microsoft MVP on Internet Explorer 7 http www uPdatexp com internet-exPlorer-7-download htmI Deb Shinder Tech Republic 10 things you should know about Internet Explorer 7 Security http articles techrepublic com com 51 00-1009 11-6130844 html Surf the Web Safely Make IE7 Safer http surfthenetsafely com ieseczone8 htm Kim Komando's Firefox 2 and lETs Security Settings http www komando com tips index aspx id 2523 One of Internet Explorer's best security features is its Trusted Sites The Trusted Sites option is an excellent way to give some websites more privileges while keeping most sites at higher security settings Put only sites you absolutely trust e g your bank in your trusted sites zone and keep all others at the highest security settings 526 UNCLASSIFIEDlfF9R 9FFISIAl bl8 9NlY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIiFOft O lileiAL USE ONLY - t Gen ral ' l 0 _ _ - • • • Security y I Co ' nt i C ection ' Pr g ' ' Ad d i -' - - ' - ' - - - - - - - - - _ •• - • • • - - - - - _ - _• • - _ 1211 - _ _- Il - ' - 'J Select a zone to view settings - _ _ _ or change security - - _ _ _ _- - _ _ ''i'J§utA' _ Local intr anet _ - - Internet Trusted sites - - - a t 'd' ' Restricted sites Place only 1 sites you lei absolutely trust J In Internet - ' ites 1 Zone Set your J I nternet Zone J Custom Level settings to high Security level for this zone 1 OK _J cancel While there are various differences among Microsoft Internet Explorer browser versions these are generally accepted as safe settings for the Internet Zone using the Custom Level Tools I Internet Options I Security I Internet Zone I Custom Level • ActiveX Controls and plugins o o o o o Download signed ActiveX controls Prompt or Disable Download unsigned ActiveX controls Disable Initialize and script ActiveX controls not marked as safe Disable Run ActiveX controls and plug-ins Disable Script ActiveX controls marked safe for scripting Prompt or Disable UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY 527 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOhTOR OFfiCIAL liSE ONLY • • • • • Downloads o File Download Enable o Font Download Prompt Microsoft VM o Java permissions High Safety Miscellaneous o Access data sources across domains Disable o Allow META REFRESH Enable o Display mixed content Prompt o Don't prompt for client certificate selection Disable o Drag and drop or copy and paste files Enable or Prompt o Installation of desktop items Disable o Launching programs and files in an IFRAME Disable o Navigate sub-frames across different domains Enable or Prompt o Software channel permissions High Safety o Submit nonencrypted form data Enable o Userdata persistence Disable Scripting o Active scripting Disable o Allow paste operations via script Disable o Scripting of Java applets Disable User Authentication Automatic logon only in Intranet zone As a general rule do not rely upon sliders to determine your security settings These settings will affect your browsing Some websites require ActiveX or scripting If you want to run ActiveX or scripts on any website you can either turn this feature on temporarily or add the site to the Trusted sites zone though I would be very very careful about which sites you add You can add Web sites by selecting the Trusted sites icon and pressing the Sites button The default setting only lets you add secure sites sites using https however if you uncheck the Require server verification https for all sites in this zone you can add any site 528 UNCLASSIFIEOIIFOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFl6IAL USE ONLY ·Web Tip Have you suppressed popups only to continue to see them Here's why in Netscape there is a default list of exceptions for sites whose popups are allowed To view this list and suppress Edit I popups Preferences from I these' sites Privacy Security in I Netscape 7 x Popup Window Controls I Suppress Popups I Exceptions I Remove All Firefox IE 6 for Windows XP SP2 and IE7 block all popups by default but permit users to allow popups from specific websites Older versions of MSIE do not have a popup blocker option Manage ActiveX Java JavaScript Many security vulnerabilities exploit these applications and most privacy security experts recommend disabling them Malicious hackers can use ActiveX Java or JavaScript to upload files and run them on your computer when you simply visit a web page that has been cracked or created by malicious hackers In January 1997 members of the Hamburg-based Chaos Computer Club staged an electronic breakin on German national television Using an ActiveX control they made unauthorized bank transfers through Intuit's Quicken without a personal identification number The demonstration sought to prove that executable content particularly Microsoft's ActiveX isn't secure In fact any ActiveX control downloaded over the web might be a Trojan horse or a virus 179 Preventing Possible Web Intrusions Smartcomputing com Vol 8 Issue 4 April 2000 http www smartcomputing com editorial article asp article articles%2Farchive%2Fg0804%2F37g0 4%2F37g04%2Easp 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEOfffOR OFFl61AL l JSE ONb¥ 529 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'f 6R 6f f leIAL US 6NLY More recently malicious users have found devilishly clever ways to use ActiveX Java and JavaScript to hijack browsers or to be more precise to hijack Internet Explorer The least innocuous form of browser hijacking involves changing the browser's home page and favorites but most browser hijackers do a lot more from creating endless pop-up windows to taking complete control of your browser Browser hijacking software also usually includes some form of spyware to monitor and report your Internet activity Worse they are notoriously difficult to remove ActiveX has been implicated in the surreptitious installation of software known as drive-by downloads Drive-by downloads180 occur when a user simply visits a website or views an HTML email These sites exploit a vulnerability in Internet Explorer's ActiveX to download install and run software on an unsuspecting user's computer without his knowledge or consent This type of software can also be very difficult to remove Keep in mind that by default active scripting is enabled by default in Internet Explorer The problem with simply disabling these controls is that you will encounter difficulties viewing some webpages Experiment with turning them off or in the case of MSIE having your browser Prompt you and see what happens Here are recommendations for increased security settings in IE's Internet Zone remember you can put sites where you need to use these controls into your Trusted Sites Zone Tools I Internet Options I Security I Internet Zone I Custom Level • ActiveX Controls and plugins o o o o o Download signed ActiveX controls Prompt or Disable Download unsigned ActiveX controls Disable Initialize and script ActiveX controls not marked as safe Disable Run ActiveX controls and plug-ins Disable Script ActiveX controls marked safe for scripting Prompt or Disable 180 A drive-by download is a program that is automatically downloaded to your computer often without your consent or even your knowledge Unlike a pop-up download which asks for assent albeit in a calculated manner likely to lead to a yes a drive-by download is carried out invisibly to the user it can be initiated by simply visiting a Web site or viewing an HTML e-mail message Frequently a drive-by download is installed along with another application For example a file sharing program might include downloads for a spyware program that tracks and reports user information for targeted marketing purposes and an adware program that generates pop-up advertisements using that information If your computer's security settings are lax it may be possible for drive-by downloads to occur without any action on your part Drive-by Download SearchSMB com http searchsmb techtarget com sDefinition O sid44gci887624 OO html 14 November 2006 530 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlGIAb l JS g JbY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiI'IiO OlililelAL USE er L'f Secu ity Settin - Intef net lOJle Settings I- · t iv scrip-ti g _··_--I -' i GrmtI To manage these controls in IE7 Tools o Enable o Prompt Allow Programmatic clipboard access o Disable o Enable o Prompt Allow status bar updates viascript o Disable Internet Options Security Internet Zone Custom Level a Enable J i Allow websites to prompt for information using sc remember put - 0 only sites you fully trust in your Trusted sites zone Disable o Enable 1 I Scriptingof Java applets l r hl •- - - • - - -- • Tekes effect after you restart Internet Explorer Reset customsettings Beset to rMedi - -high d f It - -··- v OK R set Cancel What's the best way to avoid browser hijacking and drive-by downloads First and foremost simply stop using Internet Explorer If you use Mozilla browsers Netscape and Firefox or Opera you are immune to all known browser hijackers You are immune for two reasons First most people use Internet Explorer so most malicious code is custom built to exploit it Second Opera's and Mozilla's programmers take security very seriously and have made these browsers very secure It is not possible to install software from a web site using these browsers without at least seeing a prompt of some sort asking permission This is the advice of most Internet security sxperts 18 1 Mike Helan Prevent Browser Hijacking Spywarelnfo com 23 March 2004 Updated 12 January 2005 http www spywareinfo com articles hijacked prevent php article no longer available UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL liSE ONLY 531 DID 4046925 UNCLA55IFIEDh'liOM OlililelAL USE ONLY Despite changes in IE7 Microsoft's browser still relies heavily on ActiveX controls which are often exploited by browser hijackers In fact PC World lists IE as the number one Internet threat of 2007 because of IE's reliance on Microsoft's ActiveX technolog which allows Web sites to run executable programs on your PC via your browser 82 Although Firefox is becoming a more tempting target for malicious hackers IE remains the target of choice for now both because it is the most popular browser and because of its dependence on ActiveX Disable Autocomplete for Forms and Names Passwords on Forms This is another case where placing convenience ahead of security could cost you dearly You do not want passwords or forms saved to the browser so that someone else might use them for some nefarious purpose Passwords should not be saved unencrypted or without strong protection anywhere at any time Many online stores will ask you if you would like to save your credit card information for future use Do not allow websites to save your credit card number Make a habit of entering such personal and financial data each time it is needed and only for that transaction AutoComplete listspossible matches from entries you've typed before To delete stored form data and passwords dick the General tab dickDelete and then did Delete forms or Delete passwords o I Cancel 182 Scott Spanbauer Thwart the Three Biggest Internet Threats of 2007 24 January 2007 http www pcworld com printable article id 128538 printable html 31 January 2007 532 UNCLA551FIEDfiFOR OFFlOllltL USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJFOR OFFICiAl USIE O Jb¥ In Internet Explorer Tools I Internet Options I Content I AutoComplete Settings Uncheck the second and third boxes forms and user names and passwords on forms Be sure to Delete AutoComplete History in IE or Clear Forms and Clear Passwords in IE6 to remove any stored data Firefox the Clear Private Data Option One of the many nice features of Mozilla's Firefox browser is the Clear Private Data option First why did Mozilla include this option and why would you want to consider using it A lot of websites imply this option is just for people doing things on a shared computer that they don't want others to know about but that is an extremely narrow understanding of why it is important to remove certain personal data from your browser and computer After logging off a secure website especially your bank's or credit card's site have you ever gotten a message like this Thank you You IhMsuccessfuf y IO JlJed off F or your ' sec urity'weJecomme d youtloseyour brO'

ser You may 1IJ9 on again Why is a secure site recommending you close your browser Browsers do a very good job of keeping track of when and where you have been on the Internet and in some cases what you have been doing Browsers are usually set to save or cache the pages you visit so that the next time you visit that page you will not have to wait forthe server to send the page to your browser While this makes your surfing faster it also causes a small but real vulnerability by creating a record of your browsing history In the case of a site where you have entered information such as a password a credit card number your Social Security Number etc that information filled into a form on the web may remain in your cache and therefore on your computer While it is unlikely a malicious user is going to get that information it is not impossible Also if you ever use a computer that others can access remember they can get that information so why not take a few steps to improve your privacy and security UNCLASSIFIEDI'lIiO OlililelAL tJs ONLY 533 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOft OJiJilell8cL l ISE g JbY You can manually clear your browser each time you use it and as I explained in the previous section current versions of Internet Explorer offer an option to clear the browser cache automatically when you close the browser However this only addresses the cache issue Firefox provides an easy way to delete stored information of various types either as you are working online or whenever you close your browser The default setting of the Clear private data option in Firefox will delete your browsing history form data this could include credit card numbers your download history cache and authenticated sessions the kind of sessions likely to include passwords The Clear private data option leaves saved passwords and cookies alone unless you tell it otherwise I doubt if many users want to preclude the use of cookies altogether cookies placed on your computer from the originating site that means the site you are visiting rarely present a problem and are a genuine help in many instances for example cookies let you set preferences at a search engine so you don't have to reset them every time you go there By now most people know they probably do not want third party cookies that is cookies placed on your computer by some uninvited third party such as from a banner ad You can tell Firefox and other browsers too to save cookies for the originating site only and leave the Cookies option unchecked on the Clear private data form Also keep in mind that Firefox lets you browse search and delete individual or all cookies using the View cookies option Saving passwords is a more controversial subject My preference is not to let any browser save any of my passwords but many experts think having Firefox manage them for you with a very strong Master Password is actually safer than writing them down I disagree most people don't break into a house in order to break into a computer One important caveat do not use the Firefox Remember passwords' option on a laptop That way if someone steals your laptop and accesses the account the thief will not have access to every saved password you have stored It is too easy to get at the Firefox Master Password which in turn will unlock every password saved by Firefox on that laptop If you want Firefox to remember your passwords here is the safest way to do it Select Tools I Options I Privacy I Passwords and check Remember Passwords 534 UNCLASSIFIEDiiJiOR 6FFl6I18cL l ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlIFOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONLY l Remember Passwords J VoI'hen set the rvlaster Password protects all your passwords - but you must enter it once per session iew Set Master Password SavedPass'l 'Ords Now when you enter a password Firefox will automatically ask you the following question Do you want Firefox to remember this password If you are going to allow Firefox to save your passwords then I believe you must also set a Master Password and do not forget it Otherwise anyone with access to your computer can view your saved passworos l' The Master Password will be required for your saved passwords to be loaded Firefox will prompt you to enter it once per session when it is needed You can also manage saved passwords and delete individual passwords by clicking the View Saved Passwords button Keep in mind that the Master Password is required in order to change or remove the Master Password which is why it is important not to forget it of course there are hacks for resetting it if you have forgotten it With a Master Password in place in principle no one can see your passwords unless he also has your Master Password However the Firefox Master Password is not going to stop a knowledgeable malicious hacker with full access to your computer from getting the Master Password and indeed all your passwords but if someone has full file-level access to your computer you are already in deep trouble Finally I recommend using the Firefox feature that will clear your personal information automatically Select Tools I Options I Privacy I Settings and check Clear private data when closing Firefox then click OK twice Some people have discovered usually the hard way that viewing someone else's Tools I Options Saved Passwords I Passwords Never Saved may reveal some rather shocking facts about sites the other person has visited This only works if Firefox is set to Remember Passwords and the user chose Never for this site 183 I Privacy I View UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l JSE ONLY 535 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl6I lcL l JSE ONLY These are not my preferences I like to keep my Browsing History and I have Firefox Clear private data when closing Private Data ' ' m _ _ c _ • •• c •• • Select the items to be deered i i 8i Y y l Saved Eorm Information D Saved e asswords Q ownload History D ookies C che t2J Authenticated essions Settings D _ _ _ •• _ - 1235 • • •• c CI ar private data when dosing Firefox Asli me before dearing private data You can also use the Clear Private Data option without closing the browser when you log out of a site where you entered data such as a password credit card number etc clearing Authenticated Sessions Select Tools I Clear Private Data or use the keystroke combination Ctrl Shift Del • One final comment all these types of measures are useful and worth taking especially since most Internet users do nothing to protect their privacy and security But please do not be lulled into a false sense of security because a proficient malicious hacker can make hash out of all basic computer security measures Disable Userdata Persistence Userdata Persistence is a feature in Internet Explorer that lets websites remember information you enter such as search queries Userdata persistence is an XMLbased storage methodology for saving large amounts of user data If you use Internet Explorer have you ever come back days or weeks later and find that as you type your query your earlier queries suddenly appear in or below the query box This is user data persistence at work Many people manage cookies but few 536 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl6I lcL l JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY realize they also need to disable this feature in MSIE It is easy to disable In MSIE 5 6 Tools I Internet Options I Security I Custom Levell Miscellaneous About two-thirds the way down you will see userdata persistence Select Disable - - _ 1237 _ 1239 - - ' - - 613 Securil l'SeUings ettings UseTdata persistence o Disable ¢ J o Enable Scripting I Active scripting o Disable o Enable o Prompt Allow paste operations via script o Disable o Enable o Prompt r I- I Scripting of Java applets R custom oU B eset to a IMedium-low OK You will also need to clear your cache to clean out old user data Manage Your Cookies Cookies are the source of a great deal of discussion and consternation among Internet users What exactly are cookies They are text files placed on a user's hard disk yes your computer by a website Each cookie has two parts a name and a value The value can contain a lot of data such as the address of the server that set the cookie an expiration date and possibly usernames and passwords Before you panic this data is usually encrypted and cookies were designed so only the site that placed them on your computer in the first place could read them This being said nothing is 100 percent secure and it is not a good idea to accept all cookies willynilly UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 537 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOFt OJlJilelAL 1 J5E eULY You have many options for handling cookies Most browsers offer the option never to accept cookies but many sites require them and turning them all off is generally not a realistic option for most Internet users One compromise is to accept only those cookies that are sent back to their originating server which means you won't allow third-party cookies this however will not stop cookies from pop-up windows Blocking third-party cookies also prevents web bugs from linking together information in your email with the web sites you visit Newer browser versions have more cookie options with promises for even greater user control in future releases Check your browser s preferences options to see what choices you have Also check out To manage cookies in IE 6 7 Tools I Internet Options I Privacy Internet Explorer 6 and 7 have enhanced cookie management including a privacy settings slider with six settings Block All Cookies High Medium High Medium default level Low and Accept All Cookies The default setting is Medium You can override automatic cookie handling for all websites by clicking Advanced on the Privacy tab You can also choose to always accept or always reject cookies from specific sites I recommend you block all cookies from sites from which you know you never want to accept a cookie e g doub eclick net Better still get a good cookie crumbier that is software designed to handle cookies automatically and intelligently Cookie Central reviews a number of cookie management programs For details on handling cookies in Internet Explorer 6 7 I recommend Surf the Net Safely's Advanced Cookie Management in Internet Explorer 6 and 7 http surfthenetsafely com cookieadvanced htm Firefox Mozilla offers flexible cookie controls and there is a very good tutorial on using Firefox's cookie management options at Firefox's Cookie Options http mozilla gunnars netlfirefoxhelpfirefoxcookietutorial html Microsoft's Help Safeguard Your Privacy on the Web for IE6 but most still applies to IE http www microsoft com windows ie using howto privacy config mspx Cookie Central's Reviews of Cookie Management Software http www cookiecentral com files htm Junkbusters Cookie Page 538 http www junkbusters com htlen cookies html UNCLASSIFIEDfiJiOft OJiJilelAL t1SE erRY DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFflClaliL USE ONLY Disable or Defeat the HTTP-Referrer The http referrer variable often misspelled referer 184 may be a serious concern This variable lets a site you are visiting know which site you just came from which site referred you to them Usually the value of the referrer field is the uri of the page you last visited The problem is that the http-referrer variable gives out more information If you use a search engine to find a site and then click on that site the http-referrer will provide the entire query you used to find the site Furthermore it is possible that other sensitive types of information such as username password email address or even a credit card number could be sent as part of an http-referrer variable l' There are ways around this problem Here are three solutions 1 Don't click on a link from a search engine instead right-click on the link and select Copy Link Location Mozilla or Copy Shortcut IE6 paste the link in the address window and go to the link from the new browser window Your query will not be provided Remember you must copy the link to the address bar it is not sufficient to right-click and open in new window or open in new tab 2 Use a browser-based service that blocks the http-referrer such as Webwasher or Guidescope both of which are free to individual users or any number of products that can be purchased for this purpose Webwasher186 http www cyberguard com products webwasher webwasherproducts classic index html Guidescope http www guidescope com home 3 Disable the http-referrer in Netscape 7 and Firefox you cannot do this in Internet Explorer In the Address Location bar type about config and find network http sendRefererHeader This variable can be set to 0 1 or 2 2-default send referrer for all requests 1-do not send referrer for images 184 The actual referrer code uses the incorrect spelling referer which may say something about the spelling skills of programmers For an excellent overview of the legitimate use of and problems with the http-referrer see Lincoln D Stein Referer Refresher New Architect September 1998 http www webtechniques com archives 1998 09 webm 14 November 2006 185 186 Webwasher Classic is now owned by Cyberguard and is still free though the company does request a donation UNCLA55IFIEDI'ifiOR OFflOlaliL USE ONLY 539 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL SE m LY O-do not send referrer for anything Open the menu by right-clicking and selecting Modify Then change the numerical value from the default 2 to O h Eile dit 'Liew lao ool marks lools Reload 'Lindow t elp I' t Preference Name about config 0 - Value net'l'o'Ork http max-connections integer 24 network http max-connections-per-server integer S network http max-persistent-connections-per-proxy integer 4 network http max-persistent-connections-per-server integer 2 boolean false 1 1 t l network http pipelining network http pipelining firstrequest network http pipelining maxrequests J l1- Enter mteger value - - network http proxy keep-alive network http proxy pipelining network http proxy ssl connect network http proxy verslon network http redirection-limit network http request max-start-delay network http request timeout network http sendRl FererHeader network http endSecureXSiteReferrer network http use-cache network bttp version network image imageSehavior network image warnAboutlmages network online Clear Your Cache Things happen on your computer in the background as you browse the Internet some of which can affect your privacy and security Caching is the process whereby your browser tries to make your journey on the information highway faster by saving copies of webpages as you visit them Then if you decide to go back to a recently visited webpage instead of having to reload the page from the Internet your browser simply serves up the stored or cached copy from your computer This is fine until you realize that the cache is a record of your web browsing and potentially certain information you may have entered at a website including passwords or credit card numbers The safest thing to do is to clear the cache each time you end an Internet session Internet Explorer makes this very easy to do In fact you can tell the browser to clear the cache every time you close it To clear the cache manually in Internet Explorer Tools I Internet Options I Temporary Internet Files I Delete Files 540 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFl6IAL SE m LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFeA eFFl6IAL USE eNLY To have Internet Explorer automatically clear the cache each time you close the browser Tools I Internet Options I Advanced I Security I Empty Temporary Internet Folder When Browser is Closed Delete Your History Files Browsers keep detailed lists of everywhere you have been on the Internet for a variable length of time depending on the settings you have chosen These are known as history lists and many people do not like to retain them because they give anyone with access to your computer a clear picture of your browsing habits Also there have been a number of malicious exploits that have gained access to users' history lists which is at the very least an invasion of privacy You have several options for handling history files The simplest is not to keep a history list by setting the number of days to keep a history list to zero To manage your history file in Internet Explorer Tools I Internet Options I General I History I Clear History Tools I Internet Options I General I History I Days to keep pages in history 0 To manage your history file in Firefox Tools I Options I Privacy I Clear Browsing History Now Tools I Options I Privacy I Remember Visited Pages for the last 0 days Set Up Different Browsers for Different Purposes There are many ways to handle privacy and security concerns on the Internet and no one way is right for everyone Some people have one computer usually an old one that is not connected to any others they use strictly for Internet browsing and shopping while all personal and financial information is stored on other computers perhaps not even connected to the Internet at all Another less expensive way to minimize privacy and security vulnerabilities is to set up one browser say Internet Explorer to run at the highest security settings and use it for all Internet browsing Then the other browser say Firefox could be set to accept cookies run scripts etc so that it could be used for such things as shopping and financial transactions The point is to think about your personal privacy and security because the risks are real and growing UNCLASSIFIEDIJFeA eFFICIAL USE e'4LY 541 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY Check Your Browser's Security After you have made all the recommended changes to enhance your browser's privacy and security it is a good idea to check your browser s for vulnerabilities There is a free browser checkup run by a reputable company the Belgian security firm ScanlT which tests for system vulnerability against a range of 22 simulated attacks The test works with any browser including Internet Explorer Mozilla-based browsers and Opera It also appears the test is not operating system dependent because it runs on Linux Highly recommended Scanlt's Browser Security Check 542 http www scanit be bcheck UNCLASSIFIEOlfF9R 9FFl61J1tL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFeR eFFl61AL SE eNbY Email Concerns Email is without a doubt the biggest source of security vulnerabilities on the Internet All the qualities that make email so attractive to users-its speed ease of use inexpensiveness and almost universal presence-also make it the perfect medium for spreading malicious software malware All the major virus worm and Trojan horse attacks have employed email to infiltrate networks worldwide Therefore email security is of the utmost importance to every user I recommend these two excellent webpages on email security that deal with all of the issues addressed in section and more Security Focus Securing Privacy E-mail Issues http www securityfocus com infocus 1579 A Quick Guide to Email Security http www zzee com enh email security html Move Outlook and Outlook Express to the Restricted Zone 187 One of the conveniences and one of the weaknesses of Outlook and Outlook Express are their intimate relationship with the Internet Explorer browser If you use either Microsoft product for emau ttis critical that you make sure they are moved to the Restricted sites zone of the Internet from their default location in the Internet Zone Why Because malware is often spread via email so you need to be sure your security settings for your email reader are set very high By default the Restricted sites zone is assigned the High security level If you assign a site to the Restricted sites zone it will be allowed to perform only minimal very safe operations However I recommend you do not rely upon the zone slider being set to High instead choose the Custom option for manual settings It is not hard to do Make sure your Restricted Zone settings are set to disable all Java JavaScript and ActiveX controls because these are the most frequent sources of security problems in email These are the generally accepted settings for the Restricted sites zone Windows XP Service Pack 2 includes security upgrades to Outlook 2003 that are not covered here Please see Microsoft Outlook 2003 Security Tips for more information http security fnal gov handouts Outiook 2003 Handout pdf PDF 14 November 2006 187 UNCLASSIFIEDHFeR OFFl61AL l J5E ONLY 543 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL ISE Ot LY In Internet Explorer 6 Tools I Internet Options I Security Select Restricted sites zone • ActiveX Controls and plugins Download signed ActiveX controls Disable Download unsigned ActiveX controls Disable Initialize and script ActiveX controls not marked as safe Disable Run ActiveX controls and plug-ins Disable Script ActiveX controls marked safe for scripting Disable Downloads o File Download Disable o Font Download Disable Microsoft VM o Java permissions Disable Java Miscellaneous o Access data sources across domains Disable o Allow META REFRESH Disable o Display mixed content Prompt o Don't prompt for client certificate selection Disable o Drag and drop or copy and paste files Prompt or Disable o Installation of desktop items Disable o Launching programs and files in an IFRAME Disable o Navigate sub-frames across different domains Disable o Software channel permissions High Safety o Submit nonencrypted form data Prompt o Userdata persistence Disable Scripting o Active scripting Disable o Allow paste operations via script Disable o Scripting of Java applets Disable User Authentication Prompt for user name and password o o o o o • • • • • Once you have finished selecting the Restricted site zone settings you are not finished yet You must add your email reader Outlook or Outlook Express to the Restricted Zone Open Outlook Express or Outlook Select Tools I Options I Security Select Restricted Zone For more details see About com Email Help Center 544 http antivirus about com library bloutlook htm UNCLASSIFIEDIlFOR OFFICIAL tJSI ONe f DOCID 4046925 UNClASSIFIEDfiliOft OlililelAL USE ONLY Don't Open Email Attachments I can't say never open any email attachments because there are times when you trust the user and are expecting a document via email However do not open email or attachments from unknown or even questionable sources If you don't know the person who is sending you an email do not open the email or any file attached to it Even if you do know the sender be very careful about opening the email and attachment people sometimes unwittingly spread malware If the mail appears to be from someone you know still be careful especially if it has a suspicious subject line e g I love you or look at this or if it seems odd e g it was sent in the middle of the night It may not actually be from the person you know but may be using a spoofed or fake email address using your friend's identity Also be especially wary if you receive multiple copies of the same message from any source because they are likely to be spam The best thing to do with suspicious email is to delete the entire message including any attachment and empty your email reader's trash If you really must open a file from an unknown source save it first and virus scan the file However you need to know there is still a risk because no virus scanning software can detect every piece of malware Finally remember that even friends and family may accidentally send you a virus or the e-mail may have been sent from their machines without their knowledge Such was the case with the I Love You or Love Bug virus that spread to millions of people in 2001 When in doubt delete 188 Stop Email Wiretapping by Disabling JavaScript in Your Email A malicious user could insert hidden JavaScript code into an HTML email message and send it to another person's email reader that has both JavaScript and HTML enabled Then if that unsuspecting person forwards the email message to others the JavaScript using a web bug or hidden form surreptitiously sends a copy of the forwarded email back to the original sender who can retrieve and read the forwarded message This is a great method for spammers to harvest email addresses Turning off JavaScript in email offers some measure of protection for 188 Awareness and Outreach Task Force Report to the National Cyber Security Task Force 18 March 2004 http www educause edu ir library pdf SEC0403 pdf PDF Top 10 Cyber Security Tips p 25 1 February 2007 UNClASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL SE ONLY 545 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDil Oft O lel L l JSE ONLY you but if you reply to or forward an email to a person with a JavaScript-enabled email program that person is vulnerable JavaScript is disabled in Microsoft Outlook and Outlook Express by adding them to the Restricted Zone where the settings disable all Java JavaScript and ActiveX controls do not just set the zone to high you must choose the Custom option and do this manually For detailed information on Email Wiretapping see About's Email Wiretapping Article http antivirus about com library weekly aa02050 1a htm once true See What's Arriving in Your Email Malicious hackers can easily disguise malicious file types sent via email using what are called double extension files For example you may think you've received a harmless graphic file in gif or jpg format when in fact the file is something else altogether-such as an executable or a visual basic script-and opening it can infect your computer The reason you are being fooled is that Windows' default setting hides certain file types that are known to the operating system so what you see is prettypicture gifwhen the full file name is prettypicture gif vbs To see all file extensions you need to make a simple change to Windows itself not to your browser or email tool To enable show all files Windows 2000 • • • • • • • Open My Computer Select the Tools menu and click Folder Options Select the View Tab Under the Hidden files and folders heading select Show hidden files and folders Uncheck the Hide protected operating system files recommended option Click Yes to confirm Click OK Windows XP • • o • 546 Click Start Open My Computer Select the Tools menu and click Folder Options Select the View Tab UNCLASSIFIEDtfFQR QFFIGIAb lSi QNbY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJr OR or r ICIAb Uii • • • • O lb¥ Under the Hidden files and folders heading select Show hidden files and folders Uncheck the Hide protected operating system files recommended option Click Yes to confirm Click OK HTML Email Two Things That Do Not Belong Together One of the worst practices to gain widespread acceptance on the Internet is HTML email Surprised It sounds like a nice idea I mean don't HTML messages look a lot nicer than text but in reality it is the source of lots of problems HTML was created for web browsers and webpages and that's where it belongs But somewhere along the way someone got the bright idea that HTML would make pretty email messages complete with graphics and scripts and all those things that go into webpages Unfortunately all the qualities that make HTML appealing and flexible also make it vulnerable and have created huge problems with email Here are some not all of the major problems with HTML in email 1 HTML often contains executable code such as JavaScript Java or ActiveX which can automatically do a number of things on your computer without your doing anything to activate it and without your knowledge or consent 2 Email programs such as Outlook and Netscape Messenger often have bugs that have been exploited by email worms and viruses that include automatic execution of attachments buffer overflows etc While the bugs have been systematically patched by their manufacturers the fact is that many people do not install patches and new exploits come along all the time HTML facilitates the spread of malicious software 3 Macromedia Flash is a browser plug-in that interprets code so it could be used to execute malicious code or initiate buffer overflows from a fancy HTML email message 4 Web bugs invisible clear images imbedded in HTML email are' used routinely both by advertisers and spammers to track who reads that means OPENS their email messages When you VIEW the message the web bug image is downloaded and a unique ID is sent back to the spammer advertiser Now he knows your email address is alive and well and ready to receive more spam Some email readers prohibit the display of remote graphics in HTML email by default these include but are not limited to Google's Gmail Yahoo Mail Mozilla Thunderbird and Opera Outlook 2003 with Windows XP SP2 adds anti-phishing functionality displaying all junk email in plain text format and removing the ability to click on URLs in the junk email folder and on other suspicious messages UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlGIJirL l J5E ONLY 547 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61JtcL USE Qf4LY A spreading threat involves something called image spam Image spam uses HTML code to display the email message so spam filters cannot detect the spam because there is no text Some estimates place the amount of image spam at 15-25% of all spam sent in the first half of 2006 189 Clever image spam emails appear to be plain text messages to the casual observer but in fact the entire message is nothing but an image While image spam at present appears to be mainly a nuisance it has the potential to become a threat as malicious hackers figure out ways to exploit it What can you do to protect yourself and others First never send HTML formatted email Period It's easy to select the format for your outgoing email 190 Outlook Express 6 Tools I Options I Send I Mail Sending Format select Plain Text Outlook most versions Tools I Options I Mail Format I Message Format I Choose a format for outgoing mail I Send in this message format select Plain Text from pull-down menu The next part is more complicated Of the current versions of Microsoft's Outlook and Outlook Express only Outlook 2003 and Outlook Express 6 give users the ability to disable HTML in messages received This is a huge problem and one that a lot of users have solved either by switching to another email client such as Eudora or by installing a program such as noHTML As of now if you use Outlook 191 or Netscape Messenger for email you run the risk of falling victim to all the many perils of HTML email Outlook 2003 to disable HTML in messages you receive Tools I Options I Preferences I Email Options 189 Mike Chapple Battling Image Spam Search Security com 15 August 2006 http searchsecurity techtarget com tip 0 289483 sid14 gci121 0679 OO html 1 February 2007 If you run a different email package please check its help files for information on how to disable HTML 190 191 There is a way to disable HTML in Outlook 2000 using Tools I Macros I Visual Basic Editor but it's too complicated for my taste However for the less faint of heart here's where you can get the instructions no guarantees on this one l've not tried it How to Disable HTML Email in Microsoft Outlook Ostrosoft http www ostrosoft com vb disable html email asp 14 November 2006 548 UNCLASSIFIEDfiFOR OFFl6IJtcL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDNI-Oft Ol-l-lelAL USE ONLY check Read all messages in plain text Outlook Express 6 to disable HTML in messages you receive Tools I Options I Read check Read all messages in plain text Changing this option just changes how messages are displayed not how they are stored When a message appears containing HTML or RTF Rich Text Format an option will appear in the message allowing you to view the selected e-mail in HTML or RTF format Also even in plain-text mode some URLs still show up as hyperlinks Disable the Preview Pane There are some other things you can do to make your email more secure One is to disable the Preview Pane which is a feature in Outlook Outlook Express and some other email readers that shows the contents of an email message before the user opens it The Preview Pane actually opens the email even if you don't intend to do so Some of the scripts that malicious users send via email can activate automatically simply when the email message appears in the Preview Pane Also web bugs are activated when the message is previewed before opening it so disabling the Preview Pane is a fairly good way to stop web bugs from acting as the little homing beacons they are Of course all this presupposes that you will NOT OPEN the message but will delete it unopened and then empty your deleted messages folder To disable the Preview Pane in Outlook Express View I Layout deselect Preview Pane do NOT use the preview pane Outlook In the Inbox View I deselect Preview Pane it is a toggle between seeing and not seeing it UNCLA551FIEDNI-Oft Ol-l-lelAL USE ONLY 549 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDliliOft OFflOIl8tL I JSE ONbY Don't Become Phish Food While phishing or carding is a scam that has been around for years it has become an enormous problem recently Phishing is the use of spoofed emails and fraudulent websites that appear to be authentic emails from and links to legitimate company websites designed to lure an unsuspecting user to a fake website where the user will be prompted to enter personal information Phishing emails have tricked many hapless customers of reputable companies into providing personal data such as user names passwords account numbers social security numbers etc How does phishing succeed These particular kinds of scam emails which are criminal in nature are very professional-looking and use the real companies' logos and so it seems web addresses to lure a user to a fraudulent website Phishing attacks sometimes employ very convincing image spam to trick users Even the link looks valid to the average user Phishers are reportedly able to convince up to five percent of recipients to respond to them and it doesn't take many successful phishing scams to pay big dividends for the criminals behind them One celebrated case of phishing involved Citibank Here's how it worked Let's say you are a Citibank customer and you get an email from Citibank the email has the Citibank logo and looks as though it came from Citibank One of the numerous fake Citibank emails says We encountered a billing error when attempting to renew your Citibank online banking services The email then goes on to detail member information from the Citibank database and says Please take a moment to update your credit card information by clicking here and submitting your information The email ends with the warning that if you do not take this action your service will be terminated On the face of it the Citibank link in the email may look completely legitimate https llwww citibank com s gnin citifilscripts user_setup jsp However such links are fake If the user mouses over moves the mouse over the link he will see this http www citibank com ac 8tcBs829uY3T23ue76Hg@FaStWay2StUlpqwrCh7L09j Now this link might be legitimate too except that everything between the http and the at sign @ in this uri is irrelevant so the real uri in this link is what follows the at sign Not exactly a Citibank website As consumers became more cautious and aware of these scams new bait appeared in phishing scams that can fool even savvy Internet users This attack uses a custom JavaScript to replace the Address or Location bar at the top of a web 550 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFflell8tL tlSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIlIiOR OIiIiICIAL U51i O IL ¥ browser with a fake that is so good that it's almost undetectable Here's how the attack works Customer receives a forged but very legitimate-looking email from a bank or business with whom he may have a relationship account credit card etc Email says customer must verify his email address and includes a link inside the email to a website User clicks on the link in the email and the browser opens what appears to be the company's webpage but is in fact a fake website The fraudulent site automatically detects the user's browser the attack is not browser dependent and runs custom JavaScript code that removes the real address bar and replaces it with a fake address bar at the top of the browser window The copy is exact It has the Address field it displays a uri that appears to be a secure link to the real company website e g https I and it has the Go button on the right-hand side Unlike earlier less sophisticated phishing attacks that create static fake Address bar images this is a live piece of JavaScript code Even if the user right-clicks on the webpage to View Source the real source code is not shown in order to see the real source code the user must use the View I Page Source pulldown menu at the top of the browser to see the real HTML source code The active JavaScript address bar could permit what is known as a man in the middle attack i e every subsequent website the user visits after this one could send any information the user enters passwords credit card numbers etc to the phisherman until the browser is closed In short there are very few clues as to the fraudulent nature of this particularly dastardly phishing scam but they are important ones Even though the fake page shows the https I in the address bar there is no corresponding Secure Sockets Layer SSL padlock at the bottom of the browser If the user types a new uri into the Address bar the browser will continue to display the same fake Welcome message The real uri appears very briefly while the user is redirected to the fake site Take a look at this actual example of a fraudulent webpage used in a real phishing scam You can see how it would be hard for the user to detect this is a fake UNCLASSIFIED fi'O Ofi'fi'leIAL t1SE ONLY 551 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFeR eFFIOIAL l JSE ot LY I FAo I i Edit Welcome to CitF' message will remain even if user enters new Jl I d opens new ebp e _ _ _ _ FIMO V_ ' i 1A gure-u I@J J 1tp I web de-us 3 cihh nk C r m rmkihh SA ripl' s m' ILverify i 1J - r ' Go Faked address is live JavaScript Note the https I ci'ti II by submlUng yo 'og ln Informallon ATMlD b t C Hj ON I Card II PIN Note the use of Citi logos and copyright r Ame'11berof ' ' CltlgrouR Pll'iJiW Pt Ofni£il cffi r lITiS ' Conditions CJILto p d t'l ' -r '1 ' t' 'i l Note absence of SSL locked padlock l Internet There is a worrisome refinement of the traditional phishing attack that gained a lot of attention beginning in 2005 Spear phishing is exactly what it sounds like precisely targeted phishing attacks that try to lure users to provide personal data by cleverly conceived social engineering strategies Instead of the blanket approach of sending thousands millions of emails blindly spear phishing carefully selects its audience and targets these users with very legitimate-sounding emails For example one spear phishing attack targeted students and faculty at the University of Kentucky Spear phishing emails typically appear to be coming from a trusted source your company's HR or IT department or your own little credit union Also a spear phishing attack may try to sound as if your security is at stake e g you have been locked out of your account because of unsuccessful attempts to break into it and in order to unlock your account you will need to reenter your personal information Fake spear phishing emails have even been used to educate people about the dangers of spear phishing In June 2004 more than 500 cadets at West Point received an email from Col Robert Melville notifying them of a problem with their grade report and ordering them to click on a link to verify that the grades were correct More than 80% of the students dutifully followed the instructions But there is 552 UNCLASSIFIEDhTeR eFFIelAL USE eNL ' DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDflFOR OFFl61AL l J5E ONLY no Col Robert Melville at West Point Aaron Ferguson a computer-security expert with the National Security Agency who teaches at West Point crafted the email The gullible cadets received a 'gotcha' email alerting them they could easily have downloaded spyware 'Trojans' or other malicious programs and suggesting they be more careful in the future Mr Ferguson who runs similar exercises each semester said many cadets have been victimized by real online frauds 192 The problem with this approach is that it can undermine company trust Who would ever trust another company email after being caught in a fake spear phishing attack The fact remains users must be extraordinarily vigilant and never provide personal information that is solicited by anyone without taking steps to verify the authenticity of that request Sometimes a phone call is the best way to ensure that an email request from the HR person for your personal data really came from that department and not from a spear phisher How do you protect yourself from more and more sophisticated phishing scams never ever under any circumstances click on a link in an unsolicited email especially one that asks you to click on the link to confirm or update personal or financial information instead type the address directly into the browser yourself and then check to see if that company has any security alerts about phishing scams always make sure that the SSL is enabled before entering any personal or financial data the browser will show a locked padlock or learn how to view and interpret the message source code of an email message when in doubt about the true source assume the worst stay on top of the news about scams frequent websites such as the one run by the Anti-Phishing Working Group when in doubt contact the source by telephone to make sure the request is legitimate For anyone concerned about phishing attacks and that should be all of us there are several free online tools to help you tell if a uri in an email or on a webpage is legitimate that is is it what it says it is or is it something entirely different These uri decrypters are designed to reveal the real addresses of obfuscated uris Nothing could be simpler to use just copy the obfuscated uri from an email or from a 192 David Bank 'Spear Phishing' Tests Educate People About Online Scams The Wall Street Journal Online 17 August 2005 http online wsj com public article SB 112424042313615131z 8jLB2WkfcVtgdAWf6LRh733sg 20060817 html mod blogs 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDf 'FQR QFFISIAb b1S QNbY 553 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEO FOR OFFIGIAL I JSE m4LY webpage and paste it into the query box hit return and the hidden address will be revealed Sites to De-obfuscate URLs URL Decrypter http www cyber-junkie com tools urldecrypter shtml Un-Obfuscating URLs http www wilsonmar com 1tcpaddr htm You must be very careful to avoid becoming phish food because the scams are increasingly sophisticated and hard to detect Banks lending institutions insurance companies and legitimate account holders of any kind eBay PayPal Amazon etc never send requests for account information via email If you are in doubt about any request for information via email do not click on the link in the email Instead open your browser type the uri of the company's home page into the browser's address bar and go to the site that way Then you can log into your account and see if there is really a need for you to do anything You can also use an online tool to de-obfuscate uris to determine the real address of any urI Phishing is a form of the con game discussed later Another potentially dangerous type of phishing scam involves fraudulent ecommerce websites that lure searchers to their sites which present malware disguised as legitimate-looking images of a product supposedly for sale The image is in fact a self-extracting zip compressed file that installs a Trojan horse on the user's computer usually in order to steal personal and financial data Be wary of any site that asks you to click here to download images This is an especially difficult scam to detect because many legitimate sites offer users the option to download image files though usually not zipped files The phishing sites purportedly are offering very inexpensive products so if an offer looks too good to be true or if it looks in any way phishy it's best to avoid it A new type of attack gained prominence in 2006 voice phishing or vishing Vishing is a type of phishing scam that uses VolP voice over Internet Protocol phone numbers to trick users into providing their private information Unlike traditional telephone numbers it is relatively easy to get a VolP number anonymously That makes it easier for scammers to carry out these vishing scams In some ways vishing may be even more dangerous than phishing scams because consumers are used to entering private information into automated phone systems 193 Vishing indicates that as consumers wise up to scams such as phishing bad people come up with creative new ways to separate you from your money and sometimes your identity One reason it's so easy to use a vishing scam is that some Issue

189 Scambusters org 26 July 2006 http www scambusters org vishing html 12 December 2006 193 554 UNCLASSIFIEOhTOR OFFIGIAL I JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAL b1SI i g JbY companies notably Skype allow customers to pick both their area code and prefix which means a call can appear to be coming from a very specific entity such as your bank The simple solution for customers is not to respond either to automatic emails aka spam or phishing scams or to automatic phone messages asking you to call a number If you are in doubt about the legitimacy of any email or phone call call your bank or credit card company at their main number and ask if there is a problem with your account Good rule of thumb Initiate do not respond How Not to Get Hooked by a Phishing Scam http www ftc gov bcp edu pubs consumer alerts alt127 htm The Anti-Phishing Working Group Phishtank known and suspected phishing sites http www antiphishing org http www phishtank com PayPal's Protect Yourself from Fraudulent Emails https www paypal com cgi-bin webscr cmd xptlgeneral SecuritySpoof-outside Protect Yourself from Pharming Attacks Not content with trying to lure victims to fraudulent websites using phony links in email messages malicious users have devised an even more insidious trick to redirect users to fake websites These scams have been dubbed pharming 194 and the potential for the trouble they could cause is just becoming apparent Basically a pharming attack involves redirecting web users from a legitimate site by any number of dirty tricks Usually the attacker exploits a browser vulnerability such as what has been happening since late 2004 when the security company Secunia began identifying vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer Opera all the Mozilla-based browsers and a number of other browsers that permit an attacker to inject content into a legitimate website for example by inserting the attacker's content into a popup at someone else's website All these attacks are described as spoofing attacks i e fooling users into believing they are at a legitimate website when in fact they are at a fake or spoofed site instead Secunia provides details of these many vulnerabilities and demonstrations of whether your browser is vulnerable at its website Secunia's Advisories Dialog Origin Vulnerability Test http secunia com multiple browsers dialog origin vulnerability test It gets worse In January 2005 a pharming attack successfully diverted all email and web traffic from the New York ISP Panix According to a statement from Panix The 194 This term may create confusion because there is already a use of the neologism pharming i e The production of pharmaceuticals from genetically altered plants or animals UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFICIAL l ISE ONLY 555 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJJr OR or r ICI o b US ONb¥ ownership of panix com was moved to a company in Australia the actual ONS records were moved to a company in the United Kingdom and Panix com's mail has been redirected to yet another company in Canada How was this accomplished According to Ed Ravin systems administrator at Panix Our registrar Ootster told us that according to their system the domain had not been transferred even though the global registry was pointing at Melbourne IT Something went wrong with the Internet registry system at the highest levels This particular pharming attack involved a domain hijack but it's not the latest type of possible pharming attack The newest browser vulnerability could enable even more sinister and harder to detect pharming attacks primarily because it is not a true vulnerability but rather simply an unintended side effect of a new browser feature designed to implement International Domain Names ION This pharming attack does not involve a domain hijack Rather it is a spoofing attack that works by displaying fake addresses uris in the browser's address bar the status bar the hyperlinks and even in the SSL Certificate It is almost impossible to detect with the naked eye The problem stems from the implementation of ION the standard that allows users to register domain names in different languages and different encodings The flaw was first reported at ShmooCon a hacking computer security convention held in Washington D C in January 2005 The Shmoo Group issued an advisory along with a demonstration of the attack using the domain for PayPal in which they substituted an alternate Unicode character for the first a The address looks like the real PayPal url-http www paypal com-but with a slightly smaller a With the implementation of ION there are now a huge number of ways to display domain names many of which look very much like the original Latin character set The vulnerability affects IE7 but not IE6 because ION was not implemented before version 7 Firefox 1 0 6 Firefox 1 5 beta Netscape 8 0 3 3 and Mozilla 1 7 11 The Firefox 1 5 release of November 2005 corrected the problem so be sure you are using version 1 5 or later if you use Firefox Previous versions of these browsers may also be affected Mozilla released a self-installing patch that disables the International Domain Name ION processing that makes the vulnerability possible Mozilla 1 7 12 Firefox http www mozilla org products mozilla1 x http www mozilla com firefox The State of Homograph Attacks by Eric Johanson The Shmoo Group 31 Jan 2005 http www shmoo com idn homograph txt Secunia's Multiple Browsers ION Spoofing Test http secunia com multiple browsers idn spoofing test If you use a Mozilla-based browser or simply don't want to install the patch there is a very simple workaround that negates the vulnerability 556 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOllFOR OFFl61AL l I5E ONLY in the browser address bar enter aboutconfig scroll down to or search for the parameter network enablelDN right-click on that parameter and select Modify change the value from true to false Here are other suggestions for preventing this and other pharming phishing attacks from being successful never follow hyperlinks from HTML-formatted emails in fact don't accept HTML email in the first place this is especially important in the case of emails from banks and from companies such as Amazon eBay or PayPal credit card companies etc do not click on hyperlinks from a website if you have any doubt about the site's integrity You can always type the uri into the address bar to ensure you go to the real website Go Offline to Read Your Email You can go offline to read your email once you have downloaded it You can tell Outlook Express to Work Offline Working offline in Outlook is more complicated so I cannot recommend it Also if you are using a firewall program like Zone Alarm it's easy to go offline Just lock your Internet connection or block your email client's access to the Internet while you go through the junk email There is no way the evil little web bugs can phone home to the mothership while your Internet connection is blocked or inactive Then you can safely delete the messages and empty your deleted items folder before reconnecting Of course you will not be able to see any images or read any HTML emails that require access to a website but you probably don't want to read these anyway because the ones that require access are likely spam or worse To work offline in Outlook Express in the Inbox File I Work Offline Try to Avoid Being Joe Jobbed This may be hard to avoid It's one of the oldest tricks around Joe jobbing is an email spoof that sends out huge volumes of spam that appear to be from someone other than the actual sender It got its name from its first known victim Joe Doll who offered free webpages to anyone who agreed to his rules of netiquette In 1996 one UNCLASSIFIEOIlFOR OFFl61AL l ISE ONLY 557 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFeR eFFl61AL I ISE 8NLY of his free page users started sending newsgroup and email spam in violation of Joe's rules When Joe terminated the user's free account the spammer retaliated with forged messages that appeared to be from Joe Doll The angry recipients of the spam that appeared to be from Joe in turn retaliated by attacking Doll's website shutting it down for 10 days Because Joe jobbing is so easy to accomplish-sometimes nothing more than changing the Reply-to address is required-it's very hard to prevent The best way to avoid being Joe jobbed is to follow the general rules for spam avoidance and we all know how well these work However Joe jobbing tends to involve retaliation and is personal whereas spam is about as impersonal and universal as anything can get so most people will be victims of the latter but not the former Still these are wise precautions for avoiding both the Joe job and spam Don't unsubscribe from anything Unsubscribing lets spammers know they have a valid email address Don't open web-based emails as it also alerts spammers to a valid address Don't open spam simply opening spam may activate a script or web bug that alerts a spammer to a valid email address Don't send and receive HTML email it may contain code that alerts a spammer to a valid email address Do not sign Guestbooks or if you must use a disposable email address such as a Hotmail or Yahoo email account Do not post your email address on a website Email spiders can easily find and harvest your email address for spammers Be very careful about signing up for anything free that requires your email address especially newsletters If you have ever posted to a newsgroup using your real email address Jt's gone Spammers have it Get a new address For even more ways spammers gather email addresses and ways to avoid being harvested see How Spammers Get Your Email Address http www junk-mail org uk articles spam html 558 UNCLASSIFIEDHFeR 8FFl6IAL I ISE m bY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL USE 6NL¥ First Spam Now Spim You thought spam was bad but now there is a torrent of what has been dubbed spim or unwanted messages sent to instant messaging programs According to a report from the technology market research company Radicati Group spim tripled in 2004 growing to 1 2 billion spims sent 70 percent of which are pornographic While the number of spim messages is small compared to the estimated 35 billion spam messages in 2004 spim is growing at a rate of three times that of spam Spim is also more intrusive than spam because spim messages pop up on a user's computer screen when he is logged into his 1M program making them very hard to ignore While many 1M users employ buddy lists to limit whose messages they can receive spimmers have developed clever ways to get around this restriction by illegally borrowing identities or by persuading users to add them to their buddy list by posing as someone they are not Experience shows that people are much more likely to click on spim messages than to open and or respond to spam in part because spim is not as well known and in part because it appears to be from a friend Celeste Biever Spam Being Rapidly Outpaced by 'Spim' NewScientist com 26 March 2004 http www newscientistcom news news jsp id ns99994822 1 February 2007 UNCLASSIFIEDHF6R 6FFlGlAL USE ONLY 559 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED IiO or lilelAL us et4LY Microsoft and Windows Concerns The computer security company Symantec reported in 2006 that home users now comprise 86 percent of all targeted attacks against cornputers t'' in large part because most home users do not take even the most rudimentary steps to secure their own computers There is no such thing as a secure computer that is connected to the Internet If you never connect your computer to the Internet-and by that I mean not for one minute ever-and never install any new software on your computer you do not need to worry about computer security Otherwise you need to be concerned I agree with Eric Vaughan of Tweakhound's assessment of the current state of computing 1 There is no such thing as a secure as operating system or web browser If you want true security read something like this somewhere at some time disconnect your network card turn off unplug your computer take out the hard drive and smash it to bits take computer to a construction site and ask the bulldozer operator to run over it emphasis added 2 In the real world Windows operating systems are less secure than the newest versions of Linux distro and Mac as X We'll leave the argument over why that is and the advantages of one as over another to internet forums discussion boards 3 A fully patched Windows XP and to a lesser degree Windows 2000 are the only non-server Microsoft OS's that are even remotely secure If you care about security you shouldn't be running any other Microsoft OS's If you have machines on your home network that run anything less than a fully patched XP 2k Linux distro as x then the security of any machine on your network is lessened 196 To make matters worse most home users are running Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Home has too many major security flaws e g in XP Home every default account has superuser privileges and cannot belong to any domain to enable it to achieve even a baseline level of security However there are specific Jay Wrolstad Hackers Targeting Home Computer Users Newsfactor com 25 September 2006 http news yahoo com s nf 20060925 tc_nf 46488 article no longer available 195 Eric Vaughan Securing Windows XP Version 2 BETA Tweakhound com 30 September 2005 http www tweakhound com xp security page 1 htm 14 November 2006 196 Checklist for Securing Windows XP Systems Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory http www lbl gov cyber systems wxp-security-checklist html 14 November 2006 197 560 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL b1SE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIt'f'6R 6f'nellltL USE m L¥ steps you can take to improve your home computer security It is important to keep in mind that every computer like every person is unique which means I cannot cover every possible configuration that might occur However there are numerous excellent websites that discuss how to enhance security on a home computer and or network and I will point you to those sites Some of the best sites for home computer and network security for Windows' user are the following Tweakhound's Securing Windows XP http www tweakhound com xp security page 1 htm Fred Langa's 5 Essential Steps To PC Security http www informationweek com shared printableArticie jhtml articlel D 177100010 NIST's Guidance for Securing Windows XP Home Edition http csrc nist gov itsec guidanceWinXPHome html CERT's Home Network Security http www cert orq techtips homenetworks html Gary Kessler's Protecting Home Computers and Networks http www garykessler net library protectinghomesystems html University of Cambridge's Securing Windows XP Home Edition for Stand Alone Use http www-tus csx cam ac uk pcsupport WinXP collegehome html Lawrence Berkeley Lab's Checklist for Securing Windows XP PRO http www lbl gov ITSD Security systems wxp-security-checklist html Windows XP Security Checklist http labmice techtarget com articles winxpsecuritychecklist htm Tom-Cat com's Secure Your Home Computer v 2 22 http www tom-cat com security html Download Operating System Browser Other Software Updates Regularly If you have a slow Internet connection this is a painful process but it is necessary Many updates are in fact security patches in response to reported vulnerabilities You should also be aware that the patches are not always explicitly described as fixing a security flaw Updates are not the same thing as new version releases New versions often dare I say usually have new vulnerabilities so the best advice is to wait until a new version has been around for a while before downloading it Be sure to check Microsoft's Security page frequently for news updates and patches Also don't forget other software such as Microsoft Office which needs to be patched and updated separately UNCLASSIFIEDNf'6R 6f'f'leIAL t1SE 6NLY 561 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEO T OR OFFICIAL t JS ONLY If you are unlucky enough to be one of the many people who installed a Microsoft patch only to discover it caused problems with your computer this article could come in handy Gregg Keizer How To Uninstall A Microsoft Patch TechWeb News 21 April 2006 http www techweb com wire 186500738 31 October 2006 Important If you are using a router that offers additional ActiveX filtering you will no longer be able to run Microsoft Updates with the filter enabled You must disable remove the check beside any ActiveX filter on your router in order to update Microsoft products Microsoft Security Home Page http www microsoft com security Microsoft Internet Explorer Security Updates http www microsoft com windows ie downloads default asp Microsoft Office Download Center Microsoft Windows Update Page http office microsoft com downloads http update microsoft com windowsupdate Turn Off File Sharing in Windows You mayor may not have file and print sharing enabled on your Windows computer One of the changes in Windows XP Service Pack 2 SP2 is that it includes the Windows Firewall which is enabled by default in both the Home and Pro editions And by default Windows Firewall blocks printer and file sharing which is the appropriate setting for most home users Unless you need it and you probably don't on your home computer leave file and print sharing disabled However if you turn off the Windows Firewall in order to use a better firewall you may need to disable file and print sharing manually in order to thwart such cracking 562 UNCLASSIFIEOIIFOR OFFlOI lcL t Js ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfiFOFt Ol5l5lelAL USE er L¥ programs as ShareSniffer 198 which is designed to find computers with file sharing enabled access all the files on the hard drive and perhaps modify or delete them In any event check your Windows' settings and make sure file and print sharing is disabled Windows XP To disable file and print sharing in Windows XP 1 Click the Start button in the lower left corner of the desktop 2 Click Settings then click Control Panel 3 In the Control Panel click Network Connections 4 In the Network Connections window right-click on the appropriate connection then select Properties 5 Uncheck the File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks check box 6 Click OK then close the Control Panel window Connect using SMC EZ Card 10 100 PCI SMC1211 Series • This c Qnnection uses the following items - J a Network Monitor Driver • File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks '21 F Internet Protocol TCP 1 P InstalL P operties I Description Allows your computer to access resources on a Microsoft network Sho icon in notification area when connected OK I_ _-'JII Cancel 198 For more information on Sharesniffer see Robyn Weisman New Hackerware Makes Everyone a Hacker Newsfactor Network 6 March 2001 http www newsfactor com perl storv 7906 html 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL I ISE ONLY 563 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61 1 L l JSE ONLY Windows 2000 To disable file and print sharing in Windows 2000 1 Click the Start button in the lower left corner of the desktop 2 Click Settings then click Control Panel 3 In the Control Panel click Network and Dial-up Connections 4 In the Network and Dial-up Connections window right-click on the appropriate connection then select Properties 5 In the Connection Properties window click the Networking tab 6 Uncheck the File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks check box 7 Click OK then close the Control Panel window You may want to go one step further and unbind file and print sharing from TCP IP which yet again is the default setting for Windows What does this mean Simply the same capability that allows peer-to-peer networking and file sharing on your home office LAN is available to anyone on the Internet 199 Instructions for unbinding print and file sharing from TCP IP which will still permit a local area network to share printers and files using a different protocol known as NetBEUI are available at security expert Gary Kessler's website Securing Windows XP http www tweakhound com xp security page 1 htm Protecting Home Computers and Networks http www garykessler net library protectinghomesystems html Disable Visual Basic Script in Windows The infamous Love Bug worm exploited vulnerabilities in Windows Visual Basic Script via email This is more than a browser problem because VBS sometimes dubbed the Virus Building System is part of Windows not the browser There are several methods for thwarting potential VBS attacks These sites all provide methods for preventing visual basic scripts from running automatically without your knowledge or consent In addition the first site offers detailed information about vulnerabilities associated with VBS How to Disable VBS http www cvm uiuc edu net virus outlook html Disable Windows Scripting Host http www sophos com support fags wsh html Remove Windows Scripting Host http www f-secure com virus-info u-vbs 199 Gary Kessler Protecting Home Computers and Networks Gary Kessler net November 2002 http www garvkessler netllibrarv protectinghomesystems html 14 November 2006 564 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl6I I L l JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDill 'e eFFl61AL SE e bY Know What Your Computer is Loading Check Your Start-Up Applications It seems that most programs today think they are important enough to start automatically each time you reboot your computer That is the default installation on most programs tends to add them to your Windows start-up list so every time you start your computer these programs are running whether you want them to or not The problem with this is at the very least they are an unnecessary drain upon memory and other system resources and at worst some of these unknown programs may in fact be spyware or even viruses or Trojans that add any number of different entries to start-up Fortunately most Windows operating systems 95 98 Me XP come with a handy System Configuration Utility called MSCONFIG that lets users identify start-up applications The exception is Windows 2000 which does not come with msconfig Before using this tool I recommend you visit these excellent websites devoted to helping users demystify applications that run at start-up and explain which can be removed from start-up without danger The sites also provide an exhaustive list of programs potentially residing in a computer's start-up list Greatis Start Up Application Database http www greatis com regrun3appdatabase htm Pacman's Start-Up Applications or http www pacs-portal co uk startupindex htm http www sysinfo org startupinfo html Know What Your Computer is Running What exactly are those invisible programs running in the background on your computer using up system resources Can you remove them safely or are they necessary Are they spyware or Trojans undermining your privacy and security or maybe just useless junk clogging up the works Or are they programs vital to keeping your operating system operating It is very hard to tell because the names of so many of these programs are unrevealing but there are several websites that help de-obfuscate these processes tell you which ones you need and recommend removal procedures when appropriate However -it is very important to be careful about removing or disabling programs because many illegitimate programs have names that are almost-or in some cases are-identical to valid programs precisely to confuse users In order to see the processes running on your computer the traditional method in Windows is to use Ctrl Alt Del to activate the Task Manager and view the Process UNCLASSIFIEDl'il 'e eFFlelAL l J5E ONLY 565 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEO FOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY List but in Windows 2000 and Windows XP you can right-click on the task bar and select Task Manager Process 10 maintains a large database of processes that might show up on the Process List Process ID explains each process its function the associated program and whether or not it is legitimate or malware Process ID does not tell you how to remove unwanted or dangerous processes but does refer you to free software designed to eliminate these types of threats The Answers That Work website provides a comprehensive and easily understandable database of most programs that any Windows user might see in his Task Manager In addition to identifying the process the site makes sensible recommendations about how to handle unnecessary or malicious processes The site is selling a product but you can handle most of the recommended removals by using the Start Up utility in MSCONFIG above The Process Library will tell you exactly what the processes are which ones must run which ones can be safely disabled and which ones are known threats The Process Library is searchable by process name or alphabetically browsable There is also a comprehensive DLL library Both illicit processes and DLLs are identified as to the type of threat or problem virus Trojan or spyware Process Library is also very good at explaining the nature of the problem and when a threat may be easily confused with a legitimate process or DLL See for example the entry for rundIl32 exe which is a legitimate process on most Windows operating systems but may indicate a virus on Windows 2000 and XP Do not however confuse rundll exe with rundll32 exe or rundIl16 exe see it is confusing The problem with this site is that it too is selling something When you do find a real threat or problem and click on the remove option you are taken to a site selling a product to remove the process or DLL However Process Library is very good at identifying the many processes running on your computer Many of these problems can be avoided in the first place by keeping your virus scanning software up to date or in the event you do get a virus using that software to remove it A very good site for help with removing a variety of types of malwareviruses browser hijackers exploits Trojans spyware-is PC Hell motto You've Been Here Before But Now You're Just Visiting PC Hell doesn't try to sell you anything just help save you from your current damnable situation so to speak So once you have learned about your problem it's worth a trip to PC Hell to see ifthere is a way out sometimes however there is no exit Process ID Answers That Work Process Library http www processid com http www answersthatwork com Tasklistpages tasklist htm http www processlibrary com PC Hell 566 http www pchell com UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFlelAL USE OP4LY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDM gRg F1SI lcL l JSE Of4L¥ Shoot the Messenger With the release of Service Pack 2 for Windows XP Microsoft finally shut one of the many wide open unlocked doors in one of its operating systems by disabling Windows Messenger Service as the default setting Unfortunately Windows Messenger Service remains a problem for other operating systems First it is important to understand that Windows Messenger Service is something entirely different from instant messaging services and turning it off will not affect 1M in any way Messenger is primarily used by network administrators to send administrative alerts to network users or for example to let a user know when a print job on a network printer is complete However most home users are not networked and never need or want Messenger The problem is that Messenger comes enabled by default on most Windows operating systems and is in fact automatically launched whenever a user boots his computer This may not sound too bad except that the ever-enterprising spammers and malicious hackers of the world found a way to exploit the darned thing The spammers found they could flood users with pop-up messages using Messenger and worse malicious hackers found a way to use a buffer overflow in Messenger to install and run malicious code on a victim's computer If you use a Windows operating system other than Windows XP SP2 or Vista I recommend you turn off Messenger Service-that is if you can Users of Windows 2000 systems can disable Windows Messenger Service However Windows Messenger Service cannot be disabled on Windows 98 or ME For Windows 2000 users it is easy to disable Windows Messenger and if needed turn it back on by reversing these steps Windows 2000 Click Start I Settings I Control Panel I Administrative Tools I Services Scroll down and highlight Messenger Right-click the highlighted line and choose Properties Click the STOP button Select Disable or Manual in the Startup Type scroll bar Click OK UNCLASSIFIEDIIj OR g ISIA L l JSE ONLY 567 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUFQR QFFlGIAL l JSE ONLY User Profiles and the RunAs Command in Windows XP One of the best features of Windows XP even in the Home Edition is user profile administration and the RunAs command While these options existed in Windows 2000 NT Windows XP was the first Microsoft operating system to make these very important computer management and security features easily accessible and configurable for the home user Although Windows XP Home Edition offers limited user and profile management when compared to the Professional Edition it does introduce the concept of the Administrator versus the user as part of its user accounts You should set up different types of accounts on your computer s running Windows XP Home Edition Here's why and how Windows XP automatically creates certain built-in groups when it is installed In Windows XP Home Edition you belong to one of two broad types of Groups either Administrator or User Belonging to a group gives a user rights and abilities to perform various tasks on the computer Unfortunately in Windows XP Home Edition by default all user accounts have administrative privileges and no password This is a potentially serious security vulnerability that should be remedied right away If you always use your computer as the Administrator it means that if you encounter a virus a Trojan horse or a worm while you are logged on as Administrator your entire system could be compromised because the Administrator has full control over every aspect of the computer When you are logged on as Administrator every program you run has unlimited access to your computer If malware finds its way to one of those programs it also gains unlimited access However if you create user accounts and normally log in as a user and not as the Administrator any malware you encounter will be limited in the amount and kind of damage it can do to your computer Here is how to set up user accounts in Windows XP Home Edition 20o 200 Windows XP Professional has additional user categories including Power User that are absent from the Home Edition If you have Windows XP Pro at home you have more options for how to administer your computers and your network 568 UNCLASSIFIEDHFeR OFFIOIAL l JSE QNLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDl j OR OFFlOIl8cL l J81 OlqCY • Logon as Administrator • Start I Settings I Control Panel I User Accounts From here it is a simple matter to set up and change user accounts and account types Create a Computer administrator account for yourself with a strong password Then create a new account for yourself and each user of the computer as a Limited user Make sure each Limited user account also is password protected Remember user names are not case sensitive but passwords are UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlCll8cL l JSE 6NLY 569 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfiI 'O OlililelAL tlSE ONLY I lIiI EJ 1t User Accounts o Back Home Learn About Pick a new account type for Johannes r r k i mI Computer administrator With a • • • • limited account you can Change or remove your password Change your picture theme and other desktop settings View files you created View files in the Shared Documents folder Users with limited accounts cannot always install progr ams Depending on the program a user might need administrator privileges to install it Also programs designed prior to Windows XP or Windows 2000 might not work properly with limited accounts For best results choose programs bearing the Designed for Windows XP logo or to run older programs choose the computer administrator account type _---- Change Account Type As you can see Limited users are just that strictly limited to what they can and cannot do on a computer For the most part logging in as a limited user should cause no problems in using applications on the computer Email web browsing and instant messaging do not require administrative privileges and are common avenues for malicious code to attack end users' systems However certain actions-such things as installing software creating new network connections or even running certain programs-require you to access them as the Administrator There are two simple ways to accomplish this First you can always switch from Limited user to Administrator 570 UNCLASSIFIEDliPO OFFIOIAL l JS Qf'II Y DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL YSE ONLY • Start I Log Off • at this point a new screen will appear select Switch User and logon as the Administrator Log Off Windows II Fast User Switching should be enabled on Windows XP Home Edition by default but just in case it isn't here is how to enable it • To Enable or Disable Fast User Switching 1 Start I Settings I Control Panel I User Accounts 2 Pick a Task I Change the way users log on or off 3 On the Select logon and logoff options page check Use the Welcome screen and Use Fast User Switching The second and to my mind much easier way to be the Administrator temporarily is to use the RunAs command To sign on as Administrator using the RunAs command simply right-click on a shortcut and select RunAs When you right-click on a shortcut or application you will see this dialog box which gives you the option to run this specific program as the Administrator As long as you know the user name and password you can sign on as the Administrator or as any other user This is an invaluable tool because a number of programs simply will not run for Limited Users Keep in mind however that the RunAs command gives any Limited User the power of the administrator so only permit a trusted user to use the RunAs command That means if you don't trust your teenager to use RunAs responsibly do not give him or her the administrator password In this case Windows XP Professional is a better choice because it gives you more user options UNCLASSIFIEDfifiO OfifilelAL tJ9E ONLY 571 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDt'lf '6R 6f 'f 'leIAL USE ONLY Q Which user account do you want to use to run this program Current user HQ-RES-PRO-Ol Alice 1hl5 optkm C3npl'event corrlputer dilta computer or progrilfn to @ Thefollowing user Username Password IQ flli i tr t rm mm mmm mmmmmmm JI r m r _m __ ' 1 There is one more user account type that needs attention in Windows XP Home Edition the Guest account Guest accounts have been notorious gateways for malicious hackers to break into computers Unfortunately in the Home Edition you cannot or rather should not disable the Guest account disabling the account from the Control Panel simply removes the Guest account from the Fast User Switching system According to the Microsoft website You can use the User Accounts tool in Control Panel to turn off the Guest account When you turn off the Guest account you remove the Guest account from the Fast User Switching welcome screen However the Guest account is not disabled We do not recommend that you disable the Guest account If you disable the Guest account you may not be able to access network resources Additionally you cannot access resources on a local computer from another computer on the network 201 Okay so do not try to disable the Guest account in Windows XP Home Edition What can you do to minimize the risk posed by the Guest account At this time the best workaround is to assign the Guest account a very strong password Sounds simple enough doesn't it Yet for some reason I really cannot comprehend Microsoft failed to include an option to add a password to the Guest account in Windows XP Home Edition However all is not lost you can still create a password for the Guest account very simply 201 Description of the Guest User Account in Windows XP Microsoft com http support microsoft com default aspx scid kb en-us 300489 14 November 2006 572 UNCLASSIFIEDHf 'OR Of 'neiAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLA55IFIEDIJj OR OJ j I IAb U i ONbY o Logon as Administrator • Open a Command Prompt Start I Settings I Accessories I Command Prompt o Type net user guest password replace the word password with your new Guest password and make sure it is a strong password because no Guest password is better than a weak one 'In summary as Aaron Margosis advocates in his excellent non-admin blog do your everyday computing as a Limited user and log on as Administrator only when it is absolutely necessary such as when installing new software or hardware or changing security settings Words to live by For more detailed information about administering accounts securing Windows XP Home Edition and using RunAs on Windows XP Home Edition refer to these links 5 Steps to Secure Windows XP Home http netsecurity about com cs window5xp a aa042204 2 htm Non-Admin Blog Aaron Margosis' Weblog http blogs msdn com aaron margosis archive 2005 04f18fTableOfContents aspx RunAs basic and intermediate topics Aaron Margosis' Weblog http blogs msdn com aaron margosisfarchivef2004f06f23f163229 aspx Encrypt Files in Windows One of the basic privacy and security functions some versions of Windows offer is easy to use and provides a better degree of protection for files on your personal computer However not all Windows versions have this feature The Windows operating systems that offer Microsoft's Encrypting File System EFS are XP Professional another reason to go with Pro over the Home edition and Windows 2000 beginning with Service Pack 2 Since most readers are probably using Windows XP I will only discuss this operating system Microsoft provides clear instructions on how to encrypt a file in Windows XP Professional keep in mind you can either encrypt a single file or a file and its parent folder UNCLA551FIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY 573 D ID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiifiO OfifilelAL USE OP4LY How to Encrypt a File You can e crwt fiies only on volumes that are formatted with the mF5 fIe system To encrvpt a file • Wi ilfQYJl5 Pose a question to othor users DisOiJssion·grouP5 L Click Start point to All Programs point to Accessories and then click Windows E plorer 2 LocaH the flit that VOlJ w ar t · light-cuck thg iile and therl click Properties services 3 On the General tab click Advonced 4 Und rGompress arid FOlum about spedfic Mitt050ft p odutls techlw'ogies and or Encryptattrlbutes select the Encrypt contents to secure data chock bOM and then ckk OK Page Tools PrirttNqiji9 5 Click OK f th e fil if located in an IJnencrypted fO 09f you legi ·J an Encryption warning dialog bo Use one of the foilGwing stops • If VO' iant to encrvpt eml' the file click EnCl vpt the file only and 1hel clk k OK • If you went to I1Clypt the fIIB and ttle foldel in which it is located dick Encrvpt lhe file and th parent foldar and thefl click' OK f annllt9 user attempts to open an'encrvpled 'file that use - is ur abliE' to-do 0 For example if another ussr attempts to open an encrypted Miu050ft lJiJord document that lJ5Bfreceives a message similar to j1ll g tij£ rr tsqH woridv dde f7 '$ 1i Ea x f ' HOM' $110000 E ut l t _ hP J 1 ¥lord I nnllot unen thp dm LJlrnmL u n rnl nJe d06C nut hnve occes s privtleg p- iI drlve fikmamo noc If another usor attemp t s to copV or move an eneF'IPted document to another location on the hard disk the foliowlng message appears Error CClPVhltj File or FIlMar Cannot CIJPv'Wan urlC Accoss Is IJnieel h ke U'e the disk I not full or · riio·protected IHi Ih t thfi tIIe not ClJrre tty in use Bat k to tha top Iroubleshootinq • You C8nnat encrvpt file-s or folde s or a volume that U$2S the FAT fil svst am YDU must store trie files • or folders that you Want rc encrypt on NTFS voloroes '1'0 cannot store sncrvpted file or foloEfS on a ieil1O e g ver that is not tiustsd for delegation Notice that only the user who encrypted the file or folder can open copy or move that file or folder If you keep information such as your passwords financial information etc on your computer especially if that computer is connected to the Internet you should encrypt those files In addition to adding a password to a sensitive Microsoft Office files it is also a very good idea to encrypt those files as well How to Encrypt a File in Windows XP http support microsoft com kb 307877 How to Encrypt a Folder in Windows XP http support microsoft com kb 308989 For those who really want the nitty gritty on the EFS Windows XP Professional Resource Kit Using Encrypting File System http www microsoft com technet prodtechnol winxppro reskitlc18621675 mspx

EVD Do Not Save Encrypted Pages to Disk Internet Explorer uses caching to save website information as you browse in order to allow faster access to pages you frequently visit The actual copies of webpages are stored in the Temporary Internet Files folder on your hard drive Normally this process is a benefit to users but there is one circumstance in which you do not want 574 UNCLASSIFIEDItFOR OFFIGIAL l J5E ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL I JSE Ot LY pages saved If encrypted webpages are cached the copies saved to your hard drive are not encrypted and can be read by someone who might gain access to your computer using malicious software such as a Trojan horse or virus or even someone with physical access to your computer To prevent this from happening select Tools I Internet Options I Advanced I Security • Check box next to Do Not Save Encrypted Pages to Disk Next you need to erase any encrypted pages that might have already been saved to disk Tools I Internet Options I General I Temporary Internet Files I Delete Files In pop-up message that says Delete all offline content click OK Handle Microsoft Files Safely It can be risky to open certain Microsoft file types especially those you may encounter on the Internet or in email because of the potential for infection via what are known as macro viruses Macro viruses exploit an application such as Word or Excel which use little programs called macros to infect a document and then spread the infection to other computers and networks One of the dangers with macro viruses is that they do not infect programs so you do not have to run an executable file to become infected All you need to do is to open an infected Word Excel Access or PowerPoint file to activate the virus However there are some simple precautions you should take to avoid the risk of infection After all the awful Melissa virus of 1999 was a Word 97 and Word 2000 macro virus and it spread like crazy around the world very quickly as an email attachment There was another major outbreak of Word macro viruses in 2006 so the problem is still very much with us As more search engines make it possible to search for non-HTML file formats including all Microsoft file types it is vital to take steps to protect yourself and your employer from potentially damaging viruses that could lurk in these types of files There are several ways to handle the problem of macro viruses and prevent both infection and spread of these nuisances One of the safest and easiest ways is to use Google or Yahoo to locate the web page with the link to the file you wish to view then select view as html or view as text These options will permit you to see the file whether it is a doc xls ppt ps etc as an HTML file or a text file in the case of Postscript files in Google with no fear of viruses UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL I JSE ONLY 575 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFlel L l ISE ONLY However this solution will not work in every situation There is an alternative available to users with access to Keyview Pro viewers These viewers should be able to handle most file types you will encounter and handle them safely because the viewers do not run the underlying program and thus cannot execute a virus The viewers also permit printing and some other functions Documents should be saved to your computer's desktop then right-click on the document to select the View with option DO NOT DOUBLECLICK to open or you will execute the underlying program and possibly a virus as well Here are the available viewers and the types of files they handle this is not a complete list Keyview Pro Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel Microsoft PowerPoint Applix Words Corel WordPerfect Corel Presentations Corel Quattro Pro Lotus Freelance Graphics Lotus 1-2-3 Lotus Word Pro XyWrite for Windows Enhanced Metafile EMF KeyView Pro 32-bit only Adobe Acrobat PDF FrameMaker GSView Ghostscript GSView is a Windows GUI for Ghostscript Postscript PDF Did you know that Microsoft offers free viewers for Word documents Excel spreadsheets and other applications as well including PowerPoint and Access files This freeware lets you open view and print all Microsoft Office files without concerns about macro viruses because the viewers cannot run macros The free viewers are built to automatically configure themselves for use with both Mozilla and Internet Explorer They are available at All Microsoft Office Viewers http www microsoft com office OOO viewers asp As an additional precaution make sure all your Microsoft applications have macros security settings at high For example in Word 2000 1 open Tools I Macro I Security 576 UNCLASSIFIED1iFO OlililelAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffli6ft 61i1ileiAL tiS 6NLY 2 select Security Level High 3 make sure there are no Trusted Sources Doing this will ensure that no macros can run on your computer in Word because Word will not execute any macros at all with these settings Configure your virus scanning software to perform an automatic virus scan of ALL downloaded files Ensure that your virus scanning software scans all downloaded files not just executables An excellent guide to home network security is available on line from the CERT Coordination Center Home Network Security from the CERT Coordination Center http www cert org techtips homenetworks html Law

3 If a bad guy has unrestricted physical access to your computer it's not your computer anymore UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL l ISE ONLY 577 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FOR OFFlelAL tJS ONL f Handle with Care More Privacy and Security Concerns Use Anti-Virus Software and Keep It Up To Date I expect most readers have anti-virus software on their computers but having it and using it properly are not the same thing Make sure you configure the software to maximize protection of your computer especially against email-borne malware run a full system scan at least once a week and keep your virus definitions up to date Most anti-virus software now offers automatic updates and scans which can relieve users of some of the burden of remembering these tasks There are new virusesnot to mention Trojan horses and other nasty invaders-unleashed via the Internet every day The Kaspersky Lab's VirusList encyclopedia contains more than 30 000 entries No anti-virus software is a guarantee against infection but not using and updating it is akin to leaving your car door unlocked and the keys in the ignition There are several good free anti-virus packages and AOL began offering free virus scanning software from Kaspersky during 2006 However I would be careful about the AOL package which is only free for 30 days after that there is a $50 per year subscription I recommend reading Fred Langa's article202 about the AOL offer before making a decision About's Free Antivirus Software Reviews http antivirus about com od freeantivirussoftware FreeAntivirusSoftware htm VirusList Virus Encyclopedia http www viruslist com en viruses encyclopedia Law

8 An out of date virus scanner is only marginally better than no virus scanner at all 11 Fred Langa Should you use AOL's free antivirus Windows Secrets and Langal ist 7 December 2006 http windowsse crets com comp 061207

langaO 12 December 2006 202 578 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFOR OFFlelAL tJSE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOllFOR OFFl61AL USE m LY Make Sure You Are Not Inadvertently Running Spyware Spyware is often distinguished from adware that is advertising supported software which was designed to help shareware authors make money There are a few examples of good adware software that you can get for free if you are willing to put up with sponsored ads each time you use it Good adware explicitly asks you if you are willing to accept the ads in exchange for the program and also promises not to share or sell any information it collects about your browsing habits Spyware on the other hand rarely asks for your permission to do what it was created to do An exception would be something like the Google Toolbar which offers an option to turn off data collection and even if it is enabled does not share its tracking data with anyone else Spyware by definition contains some sort of tracking software that regularly tries to phone home via your Internet connection to report data about your browsing habits virtually never with your explicit permission Most spyware then sells your personal information or worse exploits it to attack you To make matters worse it is now so hard to detect spyware that even the most sophisticated users often do not realize they have been infected 203 Here are several ways to avoid spyware do not download shareware or freeware such as Kazaa Quickclick WebHancer CuteFTP etc However most people are going to download software at some point If you do try to make sure it doesn't include spyware by visiting a website that lists known spyware such as those listed below Be aware however that more and more spyware is not actively installed by users but is downloaded installed and run on computers using nefarious techniques such as drive-by downloads which exploit browser features such as ActiveX There is software available to check your system on a regular basis for spyware Sadly not all such software does what it claims instead there are unscrupulous people who are offering spyware detection software that is itself spyware Do not download any antispyware software without checking it out beforehand There is even a website devoted to finding and exposing bogus antispyware products Spyware Warrior Roque Suspect Anti-Spyware Products maintains a long and growing list of these untrustworthy products While you can buy good antispyware software some of the best is available for free Ad-Aware SE Personal Edition and Spybot Search Destroy are excellent free utilities that detect and remove spyware Microsoft offers its own free antispyware Leslie Walker Theft You Don't Even See Washington Post 1 September 2005 http www washingtonpost com wp-dyn content article 2005 08 31 AR2005083102486pf html 14 November 2006 203 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY 579 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIF6R 6FFIeiAL USE 6NL' software Windows Defender As of 2007 Windows Defender is only available for use on Windows XP SP2 and Windows Server 2003 which means Windows Defender is no longer supports Windows 2000 Most experts agree that there is no single product that can detect all spyware If I were only going to use one antispyware product on the Windows XP operating system I would choose Windows Defender for several reasons it has a very high detection rate it is easy to configure it will run automatically on a schedule it automatically updates its detection rules and of course it is free In addition Microsoft products tend to work very well on Windows computers Free Antispyware Products Ad-Aware Spyware Checker http www lavasoftusa com products ad-aware se personal php Windows Defender http www microsoft com athome security spyware software default mspx Spybot Search Destroy http www safer-networking org en home index html Antispyware Guides Articles 11 Signs of Spyware http www pcmag com article2 0%2C1759%2C1522648%2COO asp Anti-Spyware Guide http www firewallguide com spyware htm Monitoring Software on Your Computer Spyware Adware and Other Software Staff Report Federal Trade Commission March 2005 PDF http www ftc gov os 2005 03 050307 spywarerpt pdf PC Hell Spyware Removal Help Spychecker Spyware Guide http www pchell com support spyware shtml http www spychecker com http www spywareguide com product list full php Spyware Warrior Rogue Suspect Anti-Spyware Products http www spywarewarrior com rogueanti-spyware htm Spyware Watch Stop Internet Abuse http www spyware co uk http www celticsurf netlwebscape abuse html Law

2 If a bad guy can alter the operating system on your computer it's not your computer anymore 580 UNCLASSIFIEDIIF6R 6FFIeiAL USE 6NLY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFIGIAL I ISE ONLY Install Software and Hardware Firewalls Whether you are using an always-on connection such as cable or DSL or you are accessing the Internet via a dial-up connection you need to install at least a software firewall and I believe a hardware firewall as well Firewalls while not foolproof are the home user's best protection against Trojan horses and spyware Both types of malware are a huge threat to the Internet community because they are insidious hard to detect and harder still to remove The best advice about Trojan horses and spyware is don't get them in the first place and firewalls remain the best defense against these types of malicious software Software firewalls 204 can be purchased for a relatively low price or even better some of the best are free Check Firewallguide's Personal Firewall Reviews for some options However while all Internet users need a software firewall anyone with cable DSL or satellite Internet access needs a hardware firewall too The bad news is that true hardware firewalls are still fairly expensive and hard to configure The good news is that there is a very inexpensive alternative for the home user that offers similar basic protection a cable DSL router As with a hardware firewall routers use Network Address Translation or NAT to hide your computer's Internet address from the bad guys The firewall-and not your computer-becomes your connection to the Internet making it harder for malicious hackers to see your computer much less scan or attack it In addition to NAT firewalls and good home routers also use something called Stateful Packet Inspection SPI to let through only those Internet connections you request and block connections that are trying to break into your computer Make sure the router you purchase offers SPI and good advanced control settings And please change your router password as soon as you install it Malicious hackers know all the default logins and passwords for every router ever made For example check this site Oust one of many Default Password List http phenoeIiLdarklab orq cgi-bin display pl It is important to understand that while a good home router will help protect your computer from attacks it is not impervious Nothing really is but for a home user you are going to be much more secure with software and hardware firewalls than the vast majority of users who don't do anything to protect themselves However in order to get the most good out of these products you must configure them properly The firewall that is part of Windows XP including the improved firewall in Service Pack 2 does not provide extrusion protection i e it only detects incoming data not data that might flow from your computer Do not rely solely on the XP firewall 204 UNCLASSIFIEDliFOR OFFICIAL I ISE OULY 581 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL l ISE ONLY I have compiled some of the most useful websites for learning about firewalls and routers here Firewallguide's Personal Firewall Reviews http www firewallguide com software htm Firewallguide Wired Routers http www firewallguide com hardware htm Firewall Forensics http www linuxsecurity com resourcefiles firewalls firewall-seen html Firewall Q A http www vicomsoft com knowledge reference firewalls1 html Gibson Research's Firewall Page http grc com su-firewalls htm HomeNetHelp's Broadband Router Guide http www homenethelp com router-guide index asp Home Network Router Security Secrets http www informit com articles printerfriendly asp p 461 084 rl 1 How Firewalls Work http www howstuffworks com firewall htm Internet Firewall FAQ http www interhack netlpubs fwfag Introduction to Firewalls http netsecurity about com od hackertools a aa072004 htm 10 Steps To Make Your Firewall More Secure http www itsecurity com features more-secure-firewall-O 12207 Free Software Firewalls for Windows Free Personal Firewall Software http netsecurity about com od personalfirewalls a aafreefirewall htm Sunbelt Kerio Firewall http www sunbelt-software com kerio cfm Full version free for 30 days then reverts to basic version Comodo Free Personal Firewall http www personalfirewall comodo com Zone Alarm http www zonelabs com Test Your Online Security So you installed firewall software and perhaps even hardware protection in the form of a router and you're feeling pretty smug Before you get too comfortable you should test your firewall to make sure it is doing the job it should be My favorite set of tests is Sygate Symantec's Online Services which puts your computer through a whole range of scans to test its vulnerability to attack I also recommend you run Steve Gibson's Internet Vulnerability Profiling at his Shields Up website This is what yo want to see for every test you run at Shields Up 582 UNCLASSIFIEDtlj QR Qj j ICIAb b1S QNb¥ DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEOtfFOR OFFlellltL USE or4L'f 5hieldsUI dJj Port Authority Edition - internet vulnerebllltv Profiling bvS' ' '_ lb S'l r ' -'ii -i h1 Rase srch G f rpM ti Checl ing the Most Common and Troublesome Internet Ports ThlS II tl rnet Cornmorl Ports Pr bE 2tttlrnpt to esL blish st andard Tep Ir t erne t cc nnl ctH in Vilth 2 cl d p 'tinn If s md lrd ' 'fpll-r-nown - tnri o tRn VUltlFf 1bl8 nr troubtp cme lnterr et rl1rt en YOUR -o f1 u' e SJ'lce 1I1is 15 ue'nq done frCfn our 8Iver i'JccessL l conner nons dernonslrde which of your port s Jre UC'p8r H 1' ii bki and SOliCltulq conncc tionr from p assinq Interncl' port SC3nne TruStealth Analysis -I Yom system has achieved a perfect ·Tfl JStealth ratmq Not 0 single pocket - soliCited or otherwise - was received from vour system es a result of our secuntv probing tests Your system Ignored and refused to reply to repeated Pings ICMP Echo Requests From the st andpoint of the passing probes of any hacker this I'fl lchir e does not exist on the Internet S0me qIJ9stionabie personal s€ Cwity sy t ems expose their users by attempting to count sr-prnhe the prober thus revealing themselves But your system wisely rernamed sile' t in every way Very mce Port Service Status Q nib StE-altb 21 FTP f tPrlltl' II SSH 'tC'dltl' Se curity Implications There ls NoO eVU lEMC£ WHAT'SOEVEP that eXisb t this liP eddres e t Thel'e Is tao EVIDENCE WH4TSOE fER thbl a pot't or -e oe n any c ompute e x St5 port 01 e an onv c omputor at this JP addr- 1isl ThQI'Q '- riO EviDENCE- WI-fATSOEVER that PQrt qr avon any ' Qmput r Q u h -Got thii IP addrcu If your computer does not pass every test find out why and fix it Unfortunately every computer like every person is unique so one solution definitely does not fit all However with a little patience and some trial and error most vulnerabilities can be eliminated Steve Gibson's website is especially useful in helping home users diagnose and correct computer security and privacy related problems Gibson's Shields Up Internet Vulnerability Profiling https grc com x ne dll bhObkyd2 Sygate Symantec Online Security Services http scan sygate com home homeoffice sygate index jsp Sygate is now owned by Symantec HackerWatch Port Scan and Simple Probe http www hackerwatch org probe HackerWhacker Free Tools http whacker4 hackerwhacker com freetools php especially the Browser Leakage and Quick Scan for open ports DSL Reports http www dslreports com tools PC Flank Advanced Port Scan http www pcflank com scanner1 htm UNCLA551FIEONFOR OFFlGllItL l I5E ONLY 583 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDl'lF6R OFFl61 1cL l JSE m LY Planet Security Port Scans http www planet-security net index php xid %F7%04T%BDP%92nD Firewall Guide Firewall Testing http www firewallguide com test htm Most personal firewalls do a decent job of blocking intruders from gaining external access a computer i e intrusion detection However many of these same programs most notably the Windows XP firewall fail to catch applications residing on a computer that access the Internet without your knowledge or consent i e internal extrusion Why Often these personal firewall packages come preprogrammed to allow some applications to pass through them without the user's knowledge Also it's quite easy for a malicious person to simulate a preapproved application and fool a computer into phoning home All that is required is to rename the malware with a commonly used file name such as iexplore exe which is usually allowed free access to the Internet and the attacker has opened a back door into your computer Check to see if your firewall passes the leak test by downloading Gibson's tiny Leak Test application or try one of these online firewall testers If your firewall is properly configured meaning you do not let programs-especially browsersaccess the Internet without your permission your firewall will pass all three leak tests If if doesn't you need to reconfigure your software Gibson Research's Firewall Leaktest PCFlank Firewall Leaktest Tooleaky http grc com lt leaktest htm http www pcflank com pcflankleaktest htm http tooleaky zensoft com Firewall Leak Tester http www firewailleaktester com index htmi Don't Fall for the Con Never download software or open and or run an email attachment unless you are absolutely sure you know what it is It used to be known as a con job and the person who committed this type of fraud a con artist Then in the computer hacker world the con became social engineering one of the most pernicious ways malware is spread Social engineering is a con game designed to trick users into violating normal security procedures One famous example involves a malicious user sending email that looks as though it is from a trusted source such as Microsoft Corporate Security Center warning you to install the attached fix to a vulnerability or to go to a certain website to download a file That fix is in fact a virus or some other piece of malware Read Microsoft's policies on software distribution they 584 UNCLASSIFIEDiVF6R OFFl6I L l JSE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUFOR OFFIGIAL blSE ONLY never distribute software directly via email and all Microsoft downloads are from their site http www microsoft com Microsoft Policies on Software Distribution http www microsoft com technet security bulletin info swdist mspx Although it is not new another type of con called pretexting 205 made headlines during 2006 when some executives at Hewlett Packard got into serious trouble because of this method of obtaining information The HP execs weren't after financial data but telephone records and at that time it was not clear if pretexting to obtain phone records was illegal or not in the US HP admits that it hired a firm to investigate board leaks to the press The firm HP engaged to look into the leaks in turn hired private investigators who impersonated HP board members to get phone records belonging to at least nine reporters and one HP board member This is just the most high-profile complaint about the ready availability of personal records obtained by data brokers You need to be aware that pretexting is a widespread tactic and the laws governing fraudulently obtaining non-financial personal records and information are murky at best Frankly there isn't much you can do to protect yourself from a clever and determined con artist who is going after your phone records at your phone company The best ways to combat pretexting are laws that make pretexting a crime and companies that train their employees better Understand Website Certificates If you are concerned about phishing attacks and other social engineering scams you have probably been advised to make sure the site you are visiting has a valid site certificate And then you probably scratched your head and wondered how the heck can I tell if that certificate is valid or not First it is important to understand what a site certificate is and what it does for the site and for you Any website that wants a secure connection must use encryption In order to use encryption over the Internet the website owner must obtain a site certificate There are then two parties involved in verifying the validity of a certificate the website owner and the trusted certificate authority At present your browser is probably set to recognize more than 100 trusted certificate authorities but not all of these have the same strictness about ensuring the validity and security of The earliest use I have found of the term 'pretexting' to mean obtaining private or confidential information by pretending to be someone who has a legitimate right to or need for that information is 1980 Fair Financial Information Practices Act Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs by the United States Senate Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs 205 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l J5E ONLY 585 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFlGI 4 L l JSE ONLY their data You can check the validity of the site certificate by clicking on the locked padlock but clever malicious hackers know how to create a fake padlock that appears to provide valid site certificate data A more reliable way to verify a certificate is to view the webpage's Page info in Mozilla or in Internet Explorer to right click on the webpage and select E roperties to see first the general information about the page security and then by clicking on Certificates the actual certificate information such as from the PayPal website General I I I General Details Certification Path PiljlPat-Lo PIotoool H perT 8l I T ans er Protocol with PJivacy TVIle Not Available I This certifKate is intended to • Ens16e5 the ider ity of a remote computer Comectiorc TLS 1 0 RC4 with 1291 it eflClyptionIHigh ASP with t024 b anoe Addres s URl htlp r IwwVf pawalcomlcgi-binlwebsCl Size Nal Available Clellled Nil fWllilablt Modlied NolAvailable Refer to the certticaoon authorit 's st atement fordetails crOO _Io '4u OK Issued to Issued by WW 4 P lypa com W WI verisign camlCPS lncorp by Ref LIABILlTV Ver lon l TO c 97 Valid from 3 212004 to 3 3 2006 Cancel I ' Install Certificate 1 Issuer at emerlt 'i I In viewing the certificate information you should make sure the trusted certificate authority is legitimate If you do not recognize the name check your browser's list of certificate authorities in Firefox Tools I Options I Advanced I View Certificates I Authorities in Netscape Edit I Preferences Certificates I Authorities in Internet Explorer Tools I Internet Options Root Certification Authorities I Privacy Security I Certificates I Manage I Content I Certificates I Trusted The certificate should have been issued to the website owner If the name on the certificate does not match the name you expected do not trust it Also look at the certificate's expiration date to make sure it has not expired 586 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR Of f leIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJlfRQR QfRfRlSIAl l J8e ONlY For more information on how to understand site certificates the US CERT site has a new Cyber Security Tip addressing this topic Understanding Web Site Certificates http www us-certgov cas tips ST05-010 html 1256 _- ---_ Watch Out for Web Bugs Web bugs are virtually invisible 1-pixel images that act as electronic tags to help websites and advertisers track users' movements across the Internet Also called a 'Web beacon ' 'pixel tag ' 'clear GIF' and 'invisible GIF ' it is a method for passing information from the user's computer to a third party Web site Used in conjunction with cookies Web bugs enable information to be gathered and tracked in the stateless environment of the Internet 206 At present there is no sure way to counteract all web bugs but products are becoming available to let you see web bugs block them or remove them All the products designed to handle web bugs must be downloaded and installed Only products with free versions are listed here Washt ch News iotecl'l M dic ' GOlJernme t IT el c ' Ii Medi 'Content 'Net Architectuf'll Bugs That Go Through Computer Screens Pollcy Regulat on Software Services Telecom By Leslle Walker Thursday March 15 2001 Page EOI Updated News Finance Ventura Capital E merging Cos M A Markets olummsts x ' Y'ashtech com You've got bugs At least I bet you've picked up a few Web bugs if you've gone anywhere online Even if you're boycotting the World Wide Web and only reading e-mail odds are you've been bugged live Online Tburs 1 p m Leslie Walker hosts p evp al c cm CEO Peter Thiel 'The Download Archivesl Shannon Henry recently hosted webMethods CEO Phillip Bugnosis analysis of Bugs That Go Through Comouter Screens washingtonoost com http ijwashingtonpost com wp- • Highlighted images may be Web bugs Properties Contact Image URl Property name Description Tiny Protocols Cookie Lengthy Domain Once TPCookie image image image image image image image is tiny so is probably not meant to be seen URL contains more than one Web protocol name e c http twice URL overlaps with the cookie field too much URL is unusually long comes from a different domain than the main document is used only once in the document comes from a different domain than the document and manipulates a cookie Third Party Cookie UNCLASSIFIEDilJi6 6FnCIl8IL 1 15E ONlY 587 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ONLY Bugnosis does not block or clear web bugs but it will certainly make you want to fumigate your computer by letting you see just how many of these pests are infesting the websites you visit but it only works with Internet Explorer For a detailed explanation of how web bugs work and how they are used see the Web Bug FAQ provided by the Privacy Foundation Bugnosis http www bugnosis org Web Bug FAQ http www bugnosis org faq html Guidescope http www guidescope com home WebWashe o7 http www cyberguard com products webwasher webwasherproducts c1assiclindex html Find and Remove Trojan Horses 208 There are few things worse that can happen to your computer than to become infested with a Trojan horse in general or a RAT in particular A RAT is a special form of a Trojan the Remote Access Trojan which is malicious software that runs invisibly on a computer and permits an intruder to access and control that computer remotely The reason Trojans and RATs are so pernicious dangerous and infuriating is that they are difficult to detect and harder still to exterminate The best defense not surprisingly is a good offense don't get a Trojan in the first place So how do most people get Trojans on their computers There are many ways but the most common are unwittingly installing them in games or other software or by opening email attachments As if this isn't bad enough in September 2005 F-Secure identified a new Trojan horse that moves from mobile phones to computers It appears to be a pirated version of a mobile phone game users can download from the web the malware installs itself and runs on a PC when a user transfers data from his mobile phone to his computer The Trojan also infects the phone While this vulnerability is rated as a Web bug Computer Desktop Encyclopedia Computer Language Company Inc 2005 Answers com http www answers com topic web-bug 14 November 2006 206 Cyberguard has changed the license for Webwasher Classic to Donationware and asks you to make a donation before downloading Webwasher Classic However the donation is voluntary 207 208 A Trojan horse is a program in which malicious or harmful code is contained inside apparently harmless programming or data in such a way that it can get control and do its chosen form of damage Trojan horses are often used in what are known as zombie distributed denial of service attacks in which attackers place Trojans on many computers then use them as part of a concerted attack flooding a website or server with so much data it is effectively shut down Many people have Trojan horses on their computers without knowing it Trojan horse SearchSecurity com http searchsecurity techtarget com sDefinition O sid14 gci213221 OO html 14 November 2006 588 UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDliFOR OFFICIAL SE ONLY low threat it is significant because it marks the first time that malware has successfully infected both mobile devices and Windows-based cornputers i Trojans are hard to detect because they often use what are called binder programs to link them with a legitimate program so that the Trojan will execute in the background at the same time that the legitimate program runs making the Trojan invisible to the victim How can you tell if you have a Trojan on your computer Some of the telltale signs are unexplained slow performance a CD tray that mysteriously opens and closes randomly inexplicable error messages strange screen images or the computer automatically rebooting itself These are by no means the only symptoms and in fact there may be no symptoms at all Once the Trojan has started to run it may communicate with its home base via email by contacting a hidden Internet chat channel or by using a predefined TCP port providing the attacker with the computer's IP address Once activated the Trojan can then be instructed to do many things such as formatting a hard drive sending back financial data attacking another computer or participating in a Distributed Denial of Service aka zombie attack against a website It gets worse Trojans may have the ability to capture keystrokes meaning they can gather absolutely any data on a victim's computer including passwords credit card numbers personal communications files-anything you have they have Anything you do they can do Anything you see they can see So how do you find and eradicate these vile vermin First understand that although good virus scanning software may detect and remove many Trojans typical antivirus scanners may not detect Trojans That's because Trojans use techniques to hide themselves How then can you find out if you have a Trojan A major clue to a Trojan infection is an unexpected open IP port especially if the port number matches a known Trojan port How do you find out which IP ports are open on your computer It's easy use the netstat utility that comes with many operating systems including Windows Here's how on a Windows computer 1 disconnect the computer from the Internet 2 using Task List close all programs that connect to the Internet e g email 1M 3 close all open programs running in the system tray Robert McMillan Mobile Trojan Horse Trots onto PCs lOG News Service PCWorld com 22 September 2005 http www Dcworld com news article 0 aid 122658 OO asp 14 November 2006 209 UNCLASSIFIEDflIiO OlililelAL tJSE ONLY 589 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOR OlililelAL USE ONLY 4 open a DOS command tool and type netstat -a 15 or select Start I Run I netstat -a 15 Netstat will display all the active and listening IP ports on your computer refreshing every 15 seconds What you are looking for is suspicious port activity For example if port 31337 is active there is a good chance you have the Back Orifice Trojan on your computer Also look for unknown FTP server processes port 21 or web servers port 80 that show up using netstat But remember you must disconnect from the Internet and shut down all programs that might use the Internet to get an accurate reading Or you can try a free online Trojan scanner such as the one available from PCFlank com or WindowSecurity com below While a negative report is no guarantee you do not have a Trojan horse a positive test means you need to take action to remove this infection What should you do if you think you have a Trojan on your computer I strongly recommend that you not start deleting software indiscriminately because something you don't recognize may in fact be a piece of vital software Instead if something suspicious shows up in your netstat investigation now is the time to get some good Trojan-detection and removal software Below are some sites that will help you locate legitimate anti-Trojan software and provide other advice on how to prevent and remediate infection What if you ultimately discover that your computer is infested with a Trojan Even after you have successfully removed the malware this may not be the end How long was the Trojan on your system What kind of information did it collect and forward It is probably prudent if inconvenient to change all your passwords and even get new credit cards if you have used them on that computer just to be on the safe side If you do such things as stock trading on your computer you should probably assume your account has been compromised In fact assume everything on your computer has been compromised and treat the invasion as if a thief broke into your house and lived in it for months without your knowledge As you can see Trojan horses are bad really bad Again it is best to avoid them and the single best defense is not to be promiscuous when it comes to downloading software and opening email attachments The second best defense is a good firewall But keep in mind that it is up to you to set the firewall options at a high level of protection to ensure that no Trojan can phone home without your permission List of Trojan Ports Onctek's Trojan Port List Anti-Trojan Software Reviews Anti-Trojan org Anti-Trojan Guide from Firewall Guide 590 http secured orcon net nz portlist list html http www onctek com trojanports html http www anti-trojan-software-reviews com http www anti-trojan org http www firewallguide com anti-trojan htm UNCLASSIFIEDliliOft OlililelAL USE or L D ID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDSFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY PCFlank's Trojan Test Page WindowSecurity com TrojanScan http www pcflank com trojans test1 htm http www windowsecurity com trojanscan Use Good Passwords Enterprising malicious hackers and thieves are now using sophisticated programs to break passwords Take a look at this screen shot of just one website offering Windows password crackers You're not regislered and logged please click here to register Windows password crackers icadecrypt c - Decrypt stored Citrix ICA passwords in appsrv ini 12838 hits r - - - - - IOphtcr'lck - bruteforces all users' passwords on Win NT in 62 hours login 1 on quad Pentium system collected passwords from LAN repair disks or dumped from registry 77080 h'ts password UJphtCrack 2 5· great cracker for NT password files including 5MB sniffer 112020 hits vIS l anman Extract - grabs Ihe name of Lanman shares and decrypts their passwords 18872 hits MS Lanman Extract 2 - version 2 of QX-Mat's Lanman share extracting 1001 15540 hits MSN Cookie Stealer· Tricks user into typing holmail user name and password Then saves it as C msnwin dll 149501 hits NBTEnurn 1 1 - tries to crack local NelBIOS compuler passwords with a diet and default passwords website 704 h'ts r n CR ' CI - 90171 h'ts password stealer - steals passwords on local Windows machine L New Order forums online chat irc box sk

neworder For more discussion boards check disc bo« sk file and links archive free classifieds 124046 hits password theif- unmasks masked ' passwords in any window 133448 h'ts PVVL files - explanationary of weak MS password system under Win95 58156 h'ts Pwlhack v 3 2 - Windows 95 OSR 2 password cracker 83509 h'ts ReP'NI301 - password recovery tools for MS Windows 95198 72325 articles hits 8MB downgrade attacker 1 '1 - listens for smb share mapping attempts and trys to get the used user and password 22056 hits Subpass - This liltle tools Removes the pass from ANY subseven server including the latest 1 9 version and sets it to a desired Password 27570 h'ts WinPWL 3 - lists all cached passwords by type like DUN etc and allows you to edit the cached data 77565 hits themes fthe montlt • loes capltal drive the Internet Apr02 2002·11 46 • Se curinq Your Windows PC While there is no guaranteed protection against a determined malicious hacker following these basic rules probably will help protect you and not following them is an invitation to disaster Never use a real word in any language too easy for dictionary attacks to break Never use just letters Make it at least 8 characters long Include both upper and lower case letters UNCLA55IFIEDifFOft OlililelAL l JSE SNb¥ 591 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIfFeR eFFlOIAL l JSE Include numbers Include special characters m bY For a good article on how easy seemingly good passwords can be broken and how to pick a strong and memorable password see Fred Langa's How to Build Better Passwords in Information Week The Simplest Security A Guide To Better Password Practices http www securityfocus com infocus 1537 Microsoft How to Create Stronger Passwords http www microsoft com security articles password asp Password Security Guide http www umich edu -policies pw-security html Fred Langa How to Build Better Passwords http www informationweek com story showArticie jhtml article ID 164303537 Law

5 Weak passwords trump strong security Use Desktop Tools with Care The past few years we have witnessed an explosion in new tools that can be downloaded for free and in many cases integrated into the user's browser or operating system The highest profile of these applications was desktop search Microsoft Yahoo and Ask all have some version of desktop search and there are other smaller companies such as Copernic X1 Technologies and Blinkx offering desktop search technology as well However Google's product garnered the most attention and generated the greatest controversy According to Google its Google Desktop is an application that provides full text search over your email computer files music photos chats and web pages that you've viewed Google Desktop now also indexes the entire content of PDF files and the metadata of multimedia files In August 2005 Google introduced Google Desktop 2 in beta and dropped Search from its name because it does much more than just search According to Google Google Desktop 2 0 doesn't just help you search your computer it also helps you gather new information from the web with Sidebar a new desktop feature that shows 592 UNCLASSIFIEDI'IFe OFFlelAL tiS ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED J QRQFFlCIAL l ISE OP4LY you your new email weather and stock information personalized news and RSS Atom feeds and more 210 What are the privacy and security concerns surrounding desktop search tools I think Wendy Boswell the editor of About com's Web Search Guide sums up the current state of affairs not only with Google Desktop but with all the major desktop search tools when she writes In a very small nutshell the trouble with Google's Desktop Search is that when you are hooked up to a network of other computers there are holes in Google's Desktop Search that exploit already known holes in Internet Explorer and these two just basically open up your computer to any malicious hacker that feels like a bit of snooplnq ' Boswell points out that she uses Google Desktop Search on her own computer but only because her computer is not networked to any others and she is has anti-virus security firewall protection another backup firewall and a broadband firewall router And I would add I suspect she knows a lot more than the average user about personal computer security The fundamental issue with all the desktop search applications is a familiar one balancing a very useful tool with a potential loss of privacy Desktop search undermines your personal security Every time you use it your life's an open book Or in this case an open hard drive 212 It is precisely the power and scope of desktop search tools that make them so potentially dangerous Unlike kludgy old Microsoft Windows Explorer which can take many minutes to search a large hard drive desktop search tools index a hard drive upon installation and catalog the results to make retrieval very quick usually within seconds And desktop search tools can and do find pretty much everything on your computer even the cache of web pages where you might have entered credit card information for example Which helps explain why putting desktop search tools on networked computers may not a good idea at this time In fact many organizations have banned the installation and use of Google Desktop but some have discovered it came preloaded on new computers such as one state agency that found it preinstalled on its new Dell desktops i Google's Desktop 2 0 addressed some of these security issues Google Desktop no longer indexes or stores secure web pages or password-protected files and the index can be encrypted The corporate version also allows network administrators to 210 About Google Desktop Google com http desktop google com about html 14 November 2006 Wendy Boswell Are You Using Google Desktop Search About com 20 January 2005 http websearch about com b a 140602 htm nl 1 14 November 2006 211 212 David Sheets Desktop Search Threatens Your Privacy St Louis Post-Dispatch 21 January 2005 http www stltoday com techtalk article no longer available 213 C J Kelly Google Desktop - Yet Another Security Frightener Computerworld 28 December 2006 http www techworld com features index cfm featurel D 3066 printerfriendly 1 5 February 2007 UNCLASSIFIEDft'FO Ol 'l 'lelAL tJSE e'4LY 593 4046925 DOClD UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE OP4LY restrict the indexing of specific files Nonetheless users who have registered with Google-for example Gmail account holders-should have more concerns because of the potential for Google to connect the dots and create a detailed profile of its registered users Google Desktop is not alone in creating concern for security experts All desktop search tools are inherently problematic but Microsoft's desktop search tool is probably the most worrisome because it launches ActiveX in Internet Explorer and ActiveX controls are among the most notoriously vulnerable applications on the web Neither Microsoft nor Yahoo integrates web and local desktop search as Google does yet However users can limit the Google Desktop to searching the hard drive disabling the web search feature and thus gaining a measure of security To do so users need to make a decision during the setup At the end of the setup process Google Desktop asks you to enable or disable Advanced Features Enabling Advanced Features sends Google non-personal data about how you're using the program along with reports if it ever crashes It also sends information about the websites you visit so that Sidebar can show personalized info such as personalized news Analyzing this data from many users helps our engineers better understand how people actually use Google Desktop and therefore how we can improve it If you don't want Google Desktop to send this information simply uncheck the Advanced Features checkbox Desktop will immediately stop sending any of this non-personal information to Google 215 You should also uncheck the option to keep your local files and cached web pages permanently out of your Google web search results this option is under Google Integration in the Preferences window Search expert Danny Sullivan offers a very good and measured assessment of desktop search in particular Google Desktop in which he offers sensible advice for keeping your data safe and private while still enjoying the benefits of desktop search Danny Sullivan A Closer Look at Privacy and Desktop Search SearchEngineWatch com 14 October 2004 http searchenqinewatch com sereportlarticle php 3421621 Elinor Mills Google Balances Privacy Reach CNET News 14 July 2005 hllir news com com Gooql e balances p rivacy%2C reach 2100-1032 3-5787483 html 14 November 2006 214 215 Google Desktop Features http desktop qooqle com features html

senddata 14 November 2006 594 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTOR OFFlelAL tis ONLY Protect Yourself from Search Engine Leaks In late July 2006 AOL published a list of 20 to 36 million search inquiries collected over a three-month period that included identification numbers for 658 000 unnamed users at their now defunct Research website http research aol com It didn't take long for some fairly bright researchers to piece together some of the information and come up with real people whose queries were released This was possible largely because AOL kept individual user's queries together in order to show the pattern of a person's searches over a period of time Searches by individual users are grouped together often forming small profiles of a user's habits and interests The files include the date and time of each inquiry and the address of the Web site the user chose to visit after searchtnq F Why would AOL do such a thing in the first place AOL's intention was to provide useful data to researchers performing search research However the data turned out to be more helpful than AOL intended If you think about it how much effort does it take to figure out a specific user's name and location if you have three months of his or her searches And since all the queries also included a date time stamp and the link to the site they visited from AOL there are other ways a site manager could use site logs to put together a profile on someone What some truly enterprising person or group could do with this data is limited only by their imagination Once the news came out that individuals could be identified from the database AOL took the data off its website but of course it was too late Sites mirroring the database immediately popped up The lessons to be drawn from this episode are too many to name but at the very least we know that what we like to think of as privacy is largely an illusion and what seems like an innocent act of openness and sharing can backfire in the worst possible way What can you do to protect yourself against disclosures such as the one described above or from inadvertent leaks of search engine data I have repeatedly warned people about using search services that require you to log into the site AOL Google Live and Yahoo all offer such services which illustrate my rule of thumb anything that adds convenience brings with it some degradation of privacy and or security The fact is that you are personally identifiable if you have an account with a search engine site But what is the risk that you can be identified from your searches if you do not have an account at a search site In light of the AOL incident Wired updated a January 2006 article on this topic and some of the points they make are as follows 216 Saul Hansell AOL Removes Search Data on Group of Web Users New York Times 8 August 2006 http www nytimes com 2006 08 08 business media 08aol html archived article requires payment UNCLASSIFIEDI 'r eR OFFIelAL tiS OICJL f 595 DOCID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEOffFOR OFFlelAL USE OrRY How does a search engine tie a search to a user If you have never logged in to a search engine's site or a sister service like Google's Gmail offering the company probably doesn't know your name But it connects your searches through a cookie which has a unique identifying number Using its cookies Google will remember all searches from your browser It might also link searches by a user's internet protocol address How long do cookies last It varies but 30 years is about average AOL drops a cookie in your browser that will expire in 2034 Yahoo used to set a six-month cookie but now its tracker expires in 2037 A new cookie from Google expires in 2036 What if you sign in to a service If you sign in on AOL Google or Yahoo's personalized homepage the companies can then correlate your search history with any other information such as your name that you give them If you use their e-mail or calendar offerings the companies can tie your searches to your correspondence and life activities Together these can provide a more complete understanding of your life than many of your friends or family members have Why should anyone worry about this leak or bother to disguise their search history Some people simply don't like the idea of their search history being tied to their personal lives Some people check to see if their Social Security or credit card numbers are on the internet by searching for them Ironically for more than a few AOL users the leak of the search terms means that this sensitive information is now on the web 217 One of the things the Wired article recommends is cookie management The problem is that unless you routinely refuse all cookies it is very difficult to avoid some risk of identification however small that risk may be Using the Internet without using any cookies is not a realistic option for most of us most of the time so we have to find a reasonable balance between no cookie use and wide open acceptance of all cookies Luckily browsers have gotten much better in the way they permit users to manage cookies Refer to the section on Managing Your Cookies for details on how to minimize problems with cookies The Wired article also mentions more sophisticated options for protecting your privacy such as anonymizers and proxy services None of these comes without a downside or is a guarantee of privacy The best approach is to be prudent by limiting your use of cookies via browser settings and or third-party software to crunch cookies Also never search for personal data such as your social security or credit card number at any site Ryan Singei FAQ AOL's Search Gaffe and You Wired 11 August 2006 http www wired com news politics privacy 1 71579-2 html 14 November 2006 217 596 UNCLA55IFIEOA'FOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiFOR OFFICIAL US OI' lL f where you are registered or logged in e g if you use personalized Google AOL Yahoo Live etc If you do you can be sure there is a record of that search If you want to run these types of searches the best thing to do is to block cookies for that search session then clean out your browser's cache That way your search will not be stored anywhere and there will be no cookie trail at any site A number of articles recently have touted IxQuick a metasearch engine as an alternative search engine because IxQuick does not keep records of searchers' IP addresses According to the company We have a program running which opens the log files and deletes the user IP addresses and overwrites them and the company removes the unique ID from Ixquick com's cookies 218 Of course you still must place your trust in this Amsterdam-based company not to change their policy or make a mistake Another option to consider is Clusty a superb search service based on Vivisimo's technology Clusty says We at Clusty don't track you Our toolbar doesn't track you We don't want to know your email address http clusty com privacy IxQuick http ixquick com Clusty http clusty com Finally I also want to mention an article that includes more drastic measures one can take to keep searches private The focus of the article is Google but many of the suggestions work with other search engines I am not recommending or endorsing any of the software mentioned in the article but I thought you should know of other options Amit Agarwal How to Stop Google from Recording Your Search Habits Digital Inspiration 13 August 2006 http labnol blogspot com 2006 08 how-to-stop-google-from-recording-your html Think Twice Before Registering at Search Sites During the summer of 2005 Google became upset over an article 219 in CNET News demonstrating how much information the author could find about Google CEO Eric Schmidt using-you guessed it-Google All the information the CNET reporter Declan McCullagh FAQ Protecting Yourself from Search Engines CNET News 9 August 2006 http news com com 2102-10253-6103486 html tag st util print 14 November 2006 218 Elinor Mills Google Balances Privacy Reach CNET News 14 July 2005 http news com com Google balances privacy%2C reach 2100-10323-5787483 html 14 November 2006 219 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelAL l J5E ONLY 597 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDut-eft et-t-leIAL tlse e' LY found was from publicly available sources only While that is interesting and not surprising far more intriguing are the observations in the article about what she could have found had the reporter had access to Google's databases Assuming Schmidt uses his company's services someone with access to Google's databases could find out what he writes in his e-mails and to whom he sends them where he shops online or even what restaurants he's located via online maps Like so many other Google users his virtual life has been meticulously recorded 22o It's not just Google of course that collects personal data from registered users Yahoo Live Search A9 and other search services offering registration online businesses etc also collect personal information when you register with them But Google has so much of the current market share they are the highest profile company in terms of privacy concerns Kevin Bankston staff attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation said Google is amassing data that could create some of the most detailed individual profiles ever devised 221 How does this happen As is typical for search engines Google retains log files that record search terms used Web sites visited and the Internet Protocol address and browser type of the computer for every single search conducted through its Web site comment this is true of any website you visit any site can gather limited non-personally identifying information that is readily available from the browser In addition search engines are collecting personally identifiable information in order to offer certain services For instance Gmail asks for name and e-mail address By comparison Yahoo's registration also asks for address phone number birth date gender and occupation and may ask for home address and Social Security number for financial services 222 The danger lies in the ability to put together all these pieces of data to create a personal profile If search history e-mail and registration information were combined a company could see intimate details about a person's health sex life religion financial status and buying preferences 223 Simply using Google or any other search engine to search poses little privacy risk because of the sheer volume of traffic at these sites and the lack of any personal data about the searcher The real privacy concerns arise when someone is a registered user at a site such as Google Yahoo AOL Live Search or A9 In theory the information collected and stored about a user could enable someone to put together a remarkably thorough profile of that individual user 220 Mills 221 Mills 222 Mills 223 Mills 598 UNCLASSIFIEDJJj QR Qj j ICIAb USE ONL Y DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY Both the original CNET article and the Newsfactor article 224 make a good case for why users should either not register at sites such as Google Yahoo AOL Live Search and A9 However if you do register then you should consider using one browser for web searches and another for services such as the search engine's email toolbar instant messaging etc While there are no known abuses of this information as of now who knows what the future holds or worse what could happen if unscrupulous persons got their hands on this data This is something to keep in mind especially when using search engines in the workplace Take Care with ZabaSearch A new people search service called ZabaSearch opened during 2005 and caused an immediate firestorm This was somewhat surprising given that it is only one more among many such sites offering personal data but ZabaSearch has been the catalyst for a lot of anger and frustration about our ever-shrinking privacy One reason ZabaSearch garnered so much attention is because it is offering some of its tantalizing data for free unlike most services that charge for the same information But the main reason ZabaSearch captured so much attention is it is the focus of one of those panicky emails warning people about its dangers While the essence of the email is true Jt is misleading because it encourages people to think ZabaSearch is something new special or unique If one were truly cynical one might even suspect ZabaSearch of being behind those spam mailings as a way of getting people to ask to have their data removed I need to emphasize this do not try to have your data removed from ZabaSearch ZabaSearch says If you are interested in creating editing or deleting records please submit a valid e-mail address below and we will send you specific instructions on how to do that Please make sure you can receive e-mail from the ZabaSearch com domain to insure you receive our reply 225 People who have tried to remove their information from ZabaSearch have discovered that ZabaSearch demands they provide even more detailed information about themselves than ZabaSearch already has access to purportedly on the grounds that they have to ensure you are really who you claim to be ZabaSearch does not view itself as responsible for the information it provides because it does not own that information All of ZabaSearch's data comes from public databases 224 Jack M Germain Google Has Your Data Should You Be Afraid Newsfactor Network 17 August 2005 http www newsfactor com story xhtml story id 37466 15 November 2006 225 ZabaTools ZabaSearch com http www zabasearch com thankyou php 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDh'FeR eFFI€IAL SE eNLY 599 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDhTeR eFFleh tL I JSE eNLY maintained by such entities as state local and even the US government Most of this type of data simply cannot be removed from the public record If you think we can stop companies like ZabaSearch think again As attorney Anita Ramasastry points out I n a recent court case the First Amendment has been held to allow publication even when it predictably will threaten the safety of particular individuals Threats themselves can be made criminal consistent with the First Amendment But when information is not itself a threat-but does pose one-courts have recently tended to allow the information to be published even on the Internet 226 emphasis added Ramasastry goes on to say that in her opinion sites providing this detailed kind of personal information should be requlated However at present only medical records are afforded the kind of legal protection many people would like to see extended to other types of information e g bankruptcy records divorce data real estate transactions As of now this information is fair game our privacy is under assault and the balance of power is on the side of the First Amendment when constitutions do protect privacy they typically protect it against invasion by the government-not by other citizens Meanwhile on the other side of the balance the First Amendment protects a person's right to speak and publish information absent a compelling governmental interest in silence So while privacy rights don't help those who find themselves the subject of digital dossiers free speech rights do help the dossler-rnakers r This is a difficult issue and one the Founders could hardly have imagined because the concepts of things like computers the Internet and online identity theft were simply unimaginable for them Can You Opt Out of Online Directories Many people are interested in in some cases desperate to get their personal information out of the many online directories that now brazenly sport that data The Privacy Rights Clearinghouse offers a very useful webpage on this subject including a handy chart of the major data vendors who do and who do not offer opt out provisions The prospect of getting your personal information out of the many databases is daunting and some of the procedures are highly dubious For example to get your data out of PeopleFinders you are required to provide the following information Complete Social Security number First name Last name Middle initial Aliases and A K A 's Complete current address Complete former addresses going back Anita Ramasastry Can We Stop ZabaSearch-and Similar Personal Information Search Engines When Data Democratization Verges on Privacy Invasion FindLaw com 12 May 2005 http wriLnews find aw com ramasastry 20050512 htm 14 November 2006 226 227 Ramasastry 600 ' UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlel L USE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAb l J8 O JbY 20 years Date of Birth - including month day and year Include print out of info to be removed If you actually provide this much detailed data you may be opening yourself up to identity theft Furthermore the Privacy Rights' page identifies twenty data vendors who offer opt out policies and fifteen that do not All the vendors who allow users to try to remove personal information have their own procedures and requirements and even if you diligently follow all these steps and these vendors really do remove the data this still leaves many more vendors who will not remove your data as well as new vendors unknown vendors and foreign vendors However that's not the worst of it Opting out may prove to be a fruitless venture since often online vendors will simply repopulate the data when they obtain their next download of information from the source According to People Data their information is refreshed every three to four months Your only option would be to check back and go through the opt-out process again if you find your information has been reposted 228 Unless and until there is a way to get personal information out of public databases requesting online data brokers to remove your information is probably counterproductive In short trying to keep your personal data private will quickly turn into a full-time job you almost certainly will not fully succeed and you will have to keep asking to have your data removed over and over again So what are we to do If you are a victim of domestic violence stalking or some other such crime it is worth your time and energy to try to keep your personal information off the Internet and out of these databases For the rest of us prevention is the best approach Guard your holy trinity of personal data-name date of birth address and Social Security Number Be especially leery of providing your Social Security Number Most companies want your business and if you refuse to provide an SSN they probably will still do business with you rather than lose a customer For now it appears we are going to have to live with the uneasy balance between privacy and the free flow of information Understand the Pros and Cons of an Anonymizing Proxy If you are truly concerned about revealing anything about yourself as you surf the web consider using an anonymizing proxy A proxy is an agent that interfaces between you and the Internet Most proxies strip out all references to your IP address ' your location your email types of software you are using and the previously visited page http-referrer Some such as Anonymizer also let you block cookies and disable scripts both of which can potentially be used to track your Online Data Vendors How Consumers Can Opt Out of Directory Assistance and Non-public Information Privacy Rights Clearinghouse February 2006 http www privacyrights org ar infobroke rs htm 12 September 2006 228 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl6IAL l JSE ot LY 601 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL SE mJb¥ movements on the web or disclose information about you One of the big drawbacks with many proxy services is that you may be identified as using an anonymizing proxy which could flag you essomeone to watch Also keep in mind that you are not anonymous to the proxy provider Most anonymizing services are strictly http proxies which means they only give you anonymity when browsing webpages which is all you need most of the time My experience with proxies is that they probably will slow you down Several years ago there were documented problems with anonymizers that allowed websites to view your real IP address These bugs have largely been fixed but if you are using any of these services be sure to turn off JavaScript Java and ActiveX controls in your browser Check privacy guru Richard Smith's Computerbytesman page to test any anonymizing service for leaks Finally anonymizing proxies may create a false sense of security that in itself can be dangerous One experimental Trojan horse program Setiri actually disguises itself as Internet Explorer connects to a website via Anonymizer com and uses Anonymizer to execute commands from the victim's computer Once connected the Trojan can download programs such as keystroke monitoring software and steal any data on that computer sending it via Anonymizer so it cannot be traced 229 While the Setiri Trojan does not exploit a flaw in Anonymizer it does point to how malicious users can turn good things to evil purposes Warning Never use an anonymizing proxy that requires registration to use a free service Some proxies have been associated with people and organizations that want to gather information about users ' InfoAnarchy's Anonymous Web Searching http www infoanarchy org en Anonymous Web Surfing Free Web Anonymizer Services Web Anonymizing Services http www cexx org anony htm http www computerbytesman com anon index htm Test Page for Web Anonymizing Services http www computerbytesman com anon test htm Law

9 Absolute anonymity isn't practical in real life or on the web 229 Kim Zetter Trojan Horse Technology Exploits IE PCWorld com 5 August 2002 http www pcworld com news article 0 aid 103620 tk wb081202x OO asp 14 November 2006 602 UNCLASSIFIEDJllRgR glRlRlSIAb lcI E gNb¥ DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfiF6R 6FFl61J8cL l JSE et LY Convert with Caution As part of its initiative to enhance software security and share this information with users the National Security Agency's Information Assurance Directorate published a new guide in December 2005 Redacting with Confidence How to Safely Publish Sanitized Reports Converted from Word to PDF This is a very important issue because failure to redact documents properly-whether they are declassified government documents court records proprietary company documents-can lead not just to embarrassment but also to very serious security violations and potential risks to individuals I call your attention to the very sad case in May 2005 in which an improperly prepared PDF document about the killing of the Italian intelligence agent Nicola Galipari in Iraq was quickly discovered and exploited by the press worldwide Not only was classified information leaked to the world but the lives of those whose identities were revealed were also put in jeopardy by the improper method of removing data from a MS Word file and converting it to PDF This is an important guide and I urge you to keep a copy for yourself and your organization Redacting with Confidence How to Safely Publish Sanitized Reports Converted from Word to PDF Architectures and Applications Division of the Systems and Network Attack Genter SNAG Information Assurance Directorate National Security Agency last updated 2 February 2006 http www nsa gov snac index cfm MenuID scg10 3 1 For details on the Calipari incident and the ensuing disclosure of classified information I recommend an article from the Times Online UK 230 230 Simon Freeman Italy Releases Report into Death of Security Agent Times Online 2 May 2005 http www limesonline co uk arlicle O 7374-1594880 00 hIml 14 November 2006 UNCLASSIFIEDf 'F6R 6FFl61AL l J6E 9 JbY 603 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOhT6R 6FFlCIAL USE ONLY Always Put Privacy and Security Before Convenience Remember the quote from Scott MacNealy It is tempting to store credit card and password information on your hard drive or let a site retain your credit card number or log you in automatically I highly recommend you eschew these conveniences and force yourself to enter sensitive information every time you need to use it and only when it is absolutely necessary Do not volunteer information about yourself and only fill in the required boxes on forms An enterprising thief can break into your computer steal the contents of it and get out without your ever knowing he was there Also if you don't store credit card information at websites that data won't be sitting in a database potentially waiting to be stolen Every time you do something new or different on the Internet or your computer ask yourself if it could potentially compromise your privacy or security then decide if the benefits outweigh the risks before proceeding Law

1 If a bad guy can persuade you to run his program on your computer it's not your computer anymore 604 UNCLASSIFIEONF6R OFFICIAL USE 6NLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR orFiSIAb IcISi g bY General Security Privacy Resources The best defenses against the many dangers lurking on the Internet are awareness and information Because security and privacy threats are so pervasive and increasing in number and potency staying on top of threats and means of protection is crucial Steve Gibson rightly famous for his Shields Up website and free software e g UnPlug n' Pray launched a new service with TechTV's Leo Laporte in 2005 Every Thursday afternoon they create a 20-25 minute audio column about personal computer security called Security Now The topics covered include personal passwords a must read NAT routers as firewalls another must read HoneyMonkeys no I'm not making that up unbreakable WiFi security and bad WiFi security The audio broadcasts are archived in several formats including a text file a PDF version and an HTML webpage There is also an option to receive an email reminder whenever the page is updated Gibson has the ability to cut through the jargon to explain these topics clearly and to offer practical advice on how to handle personal computer security issues Security Now http www grc com securitynow htm The following are a few more of the many excellent sites providing news information and advice on Internet privacy and security Center for Privacy and Technology Ten Ways to Protect Privacy Online http www cdt org privacy guide basic topten html EPIC Online Guide to Privacy Resources http www epic org privacy privacyresourcesfag html Georgi Guninski Security Research Security Focus http www guninski com http www securityfocus com Yahoo News Computer Security http fullcoverage yahoo com fc Tech Computer Security Yahoo News Cybercrime and Internet Fraud http news yahoo com fc Tech Cybercrime and Internet Fraud Yahoo News Internet Privacy http news yahoo com fc Tech lnternet Privacy UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL I JSE ONLY 605 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFeR eFFlelAL tJSE OI L Conclusion The overall implications of the Internet for how we work and how we play are just beginning to be discussed and understood The Internet is changing or at the very least touching people's lives in ways we have not imagined I close with an example of the reach of the web My 97-year-old aunt in South Carolina had a bit part in an obscure movie in 1989 Despite the fact that the movie has been largely forgotten my aunt has an Actress Filmography in the Internet Movie Database She of course was unaware of her Internet presence and was both thrilled and more than a little shocked to find that even she was in cyberspace The point of course is that no one is out of reach of this powerful invasive technology We change the world with our technology and we in turn are altered by that same technology It remains to be seen where our technology leads us whether into an endless frontier 231 or more ominously into a cemetery of dead ideas 232 Vannevar Bush Science The Endless Frontier Washington D C United States Government Printing Office 1945 231 Miguel de Unamuno The Tragic Sense of Life Princeton Princeton University Press 1990 November 2005 p 100 232 606 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIGIAL SE ONLY OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl61AL USE ONLY Web Sites by Type General Purpose Search Engines A9 http a9 com Ask http www ask com Exalead http www exalead com search Gigablast http www gigablast com Google http www google com Live Search http www live com Yahoo http search yahoo com Directories http botw org default aspx Best of the Web Galaxy http www galaxy com http directory google com Google Directory http dmoz org Open Directory http dir yahoo com Yahoo Directory Metasearch Sites Open Directory 's List of Metasearch Sites http dmoz org Computers lnternet Searching Metasearch Clusty http c1usty com http www dogpile com Dogpile Ithaki http www ithaki netlindexu htm http www ixquick com IxQuick http www jux2 com Jux2 Mamma http www mamma com Metacrawler http www metacrawler com The Pandia Metasearch Engine http www pandia com metasearch index html UNCLASSIFIEDNI-6R 61-nOlAL USE ot LY 607 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJ FQR QFFlSIAL l ISE ONLY Search com http www search com Surfwax http www surfwax com Megasearch Sites All Search Engines http www allsearchengines com Find It Quick http www quickfindit com Search Engines Search-22 http www search-22 com SearchEzee http www searchezee com search shtml Internet Guides and Tutorials BrightPlanet's Guide to Effective Searching of the Internet http www brightplanet com deepcontentltutorials search index asp Finding Information on the Internet A Tutorial http www lib berkeley edu TeachingLib Guides lnternetiFindlnfo html Internet Tutorials from University of Albany Libraries http www internettutorials net Internet Scout Report http scouLwisc edu Projects PastProjects toolkitisearching index html Intute Virtual Training Suite http www vts intute ac uk Pandia's Goalgetter http www pandia com goalgetter index html Phil Bradley's Searching the Internet http www philb com searchindex htm Search Engine Watch Tutorials old but still useful http www searchenginewatch com resources article php 2156611 Web Search Guide http www websearchguide ca tutorials tocfram htm Google Help Tools Google Help http www google com help features html Google Guides http www google com press guides html http books google com Google Book Search Google Language Tools http scholar google com Google Scholar Google International Sites Google Blog Search http www google com language tools http blogsearch google com Google Patent Search 608 http www google com language tools http www google com patents UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlOllltL l ISE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfiI 'O OFFIOIAL Google Directory l ISE ONbY http directorv google com Google SMS http www google com sms Google Scholar http scholar google com Google Trends http www google com trends Google Find Related Images Simply Google http blog outer-cou rt com related http www usabilityviews com simplygoogle htm Google Rankings http www googlerankings com kdindex php Google Compare http oy-oy eu google world Specialized Search Tools Answers com http www answers com Babelplex http www babelplex com Fagan Finder Search by File Type Google Trends http www faganfinder com filetype http www google com trends Neighborsearch http www blog outer-court com neighborsearch DAlster http www oaister org Search roller http www researchbuzz org 2004 10 new yahoo hack search roller fO shtml The Wayback Machine http web archive org Yahoo Proximity Search http www researchbuzz org 2004 10 ynaps yahoo nonapi proximity s shtml Custom Search Engines Gigablast's Custom Topic Search Google Custom Search Engine Yahoo Search Builder Windows Live Search Macros http www gigablast com cts html http www google com coop cse overview http builder search yahoo com http search Iive com macros default aspx Rollyo http rollyo com Eurekster's Swicki http swicki eurekster com PSS http www pssdir com Alexa Web Search Platform http websearch alexa com welcome html UNCLASSIFIEDJJI OR Ol l lSIAb l ISE ONLY 609 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHF8R OFFIOIAL US ONt f Subject Guides Virtual libraries and Reference Desks About http www about com Encyclopedia com http www encyclopedia com Encyclopedia Britannica 233 http www britanniea eom Hotsheet http www hotsheet eom INFOMINE http infomine ucr edu Information Please http www infoplease com Intute formerly RON http www intute ac uk The Internet Public Library http www ipl org Librarians' Index to the Internet The Library Spot http lii org http www libraryspot com Martindale's The Reference Desk http www martindalecenter com My Virtual Reference Desk Pinakes Subject Gatewal 34 http www refdesk com http www hw ac uk libWWW irn pinakes pinakes html Wikipedia http en wikipedia org WWW Virtual Library http vlib org Overview html Yahoo Reference http education yahoo com refere neel Wikipedia and Wikipedia Search Wikipedia http en wikipedia org Search Web Links at Wikipedia http en wikipedia org w index php title Special%3ALinksearch Clusty's Wikipedia Search English only FUTEF Beta http wiki clusty com http futef com Qwika http www qwika com LuMriX http wiki lumrix netl Wikiseek http wikiseek com WikiWax http www wikiwax com Although full-text articles require a paid subscription to Encyclopedia Britannica the site is still a useful starting place for research and includes free access to the Britannica Concise Encyclopedia 233 234 Pinakes is the gateway to EEVL and dozens of other equally valuable specialized research sites 610 UNCLASSIFIEDffFO Ol 'l 'lelAL US ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlfFOR OFFlelAL l JSE OP4LY Best Mapping Sites Ask Maps http maps ask com maps France Telecom's Pages Jaunes http photos pagesjaunesJr Google Earth must be downloaded http earth google com Google Maps http maps google com Map24 http www map24 com MapQuest http www mapguesLcom Maporama http www maporama com share http www mappy com select Maps I Aerial Photos Mappy's Aerial Photos Multimap excellent source of maps worldwide Spain's Callejero Fotographico http www multimap com http www gdq com indexfotos asp Mappy Europe http www mappy com ViaMichelin Europe US Canada http www viamichelin com viam ichelin gbr dyn controller Ma ps Windows Live LocalNirtual Earth Windows Live SpacesNirtual Earth http local live com http virtualearth spaces live com Yahoo Maps http maps yahoo com Best Map Metalndices About's Maps http geography abouLcom science geography msub1 htm Martindale's Virtual Geoscience Center http www martindalecenter com GradGeoscience5GG html Odden's The Fascinating World of Maps and Map-Making http oddens geog uu nl index html Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection at the University of Texas Austin http www lib utexas edu Libs PCLlMapcollection mapsites mapsites html ReisWijs Route Planner Metasite http www reiswijs co uk routeplanner routeplanner html Book Search A9 select books by Amazon http www a9 com Amazon search Books http www amazon com Google Book Search http books google com UNCLASSIFIEDlfFOR OFFIGIAL l ISE m LY 611 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfll 'OR Ol 'l 'lelAL U8 ONLY Live Book Search Beta Metasearch for Books http books live com http kokogiak com booksearch The Invisible Web A9 http www a9 com Aardvark Asian Databases http www aardvarknet info user subject26 index cfm all All Amazon http www amazon com Answers http www answers com BUBL Catalog http www bubl ac uk link The Complete Planet http www completeplanet com Deep Web Research http www deepwebresearch com Infomine http infomine ucr edu Intute formerly RON http www intute ac uk Pinakes Subject Launchpad http www hw ac uk libWWW irn pinakes pinakes html Research Beyond Google 119 Authoritative Invisible and Comprehensive Resources http oedb org library college-basics research-beyond-google The Wayback Machine http web archive org Scholarly Search Answers com http www answers com http citeseer ist psu edu Citeseer CiteULike http www citeulike org http arxiv org Cornell University's arXiv org Foreign Doctoral Dissertations http www crl edu content asp 11 5 12 23 13 44 14 25 Google Scholar Ingenta Connect http scholar google com http www ingentaconnect com Infomine's Electronic Journals Search http infomine ucr edu cgi-bin search ejournal lSI Highly Cited http isihighlycited com Live Academic http academic live com OAlster 612 http www oaister org UNCLASSIFIEDUj QR Qj j ISIAb b1S ONbY DID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEONF6R 6FFlel L USE 6NL'f Research Now http researchnow bepress com Scholar Universe http www scholaruniverse com index jsp Science Direct select Abstract Databases tab http www sciencedirect com Scirus http www scirus com srsapp Wiley InterScience Journal Search http www3 interscience wiley com Browser-Related Pages Microsoft Internet Explorer http www microsoft com windows ie default htm Mozilla Firefox http www mozilla com firefox Netscape 7 1 Streamline http sillydog org narchive sd 71 html Netscape Archive 7 1 or 7 2 http browser netscape com ns8 download archive jsp Search News and Blogs Google Operating System http googlesystem blogspot com John Battelle's Searchblog http battellemedia com Live Search Weblog http blogs msdn com msnsearch default aspx Official Google Blog http googleblog blogspot com Pandia Search Central http pandia com Philipp Lenssen's Google Blogoscoped Phil Bradley's Weblog http blog outer-court com http philbradley typepad com phil bradleys weblog Research Buzz http www researchbuzz com Resource Shelf http www resourceshelf com Search Day http searchenginewatch com searchday Search Engine Showdown Search Engine Watch http www searchengineshowdown com http searchenginewatch com Search Engine Watch Web Searching Tips http www searchenginewatch com facts index html Web Master World http www webmasterworld com Web Search Guide http www websearchguide ca Search Engine Watch Blog Yahoo Search Blog http blog searchenginewatch com blog http www ysearchblog com UNCLA551FIEOffF6R 6FFlel L USE 6NL'f 613 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffl-6R 61-1-IeiAL USE ONLY Links to Online Dictionaries Foreignword http www foreignword com Tools dictsrch htm Language Automation's Glossaries http www rahul netllai glossaries html Martindale's Language and Translation Center http www martindalecenter com Language html Paderborn University List of Dictionaries http www-math uni-paderborn de dictionarieslDictionaries html Word2Word http www word2word com dictionary html yourDictionary http www yourdictionary com Online Multilingual Dictionaries Digital Dictionaries of South Asia Eurodicautom http dsal uchicago edu dictionaries http europa eu intieurodicautom Controller Foreignword http www foreignword com Toois dictsrch htm Language to Language Logos http www langtolang com http www logos it lang translen html OneLook Dictionaries http www onelook com Online Dictionary http www online-dictionary biz English --tFrench German Spanish Italian Japanese Chinese Russian Papillon Project http www papillon-dictionary org Home po English --tEstonian German French Japanese Vietnamese Korean Malay Chinese FreeDict http www freedict com Travlang's Translating Dictionaries UltraLingua http dictionaries travlang com http www ultralingua net Enqlish-s-German French Spanish Italian Portuguese Esperanto Latin Word Reference http www wordreference com Online Text Translators AjaxTrans http ajax parish ath cx translator Babelfish from Yahoo FreeTranslation http www FreeTranslation com Foreignword http foreignword com Tools transnow htm Google Language Tools 614 http babelfish yahoo com http www google com language tools UNCLASSIFIEOHFOR OFFlelAL USE 6t4LY DID 4046925 UNClASSIFIEDiiFOft OlililelAL 1 15E OUL¥ InterTran http www tranexp com win itserver htm Mezzofanti Translations http www mezzofanti org translation PhraseBase http www phrasebase com english phrases PopJisyo Asian languages http www online-dictionary biz PROMT http www translate ru eng text asp Reverso http www reverso net text translation asp VoyCabulary http www voycabulary com WorldLingo http www worldlingo com productsservices worldlingotranslator html yourDictionary http www yourdictionary com diction1 html

translate Online Web Page Translators Ajeeb Arabic --t English http tarjim aieeb com ajeeb default asp lang 1 Babelfish from Yahoo Google Language Tools InterTran http babelfish yahoo com http www google com language tools http www tranexp com win itserver htm PROMT http www translate ru eng srvurl asp Reverso http www reverso net url translation asp Systran http www systransoft comf VoyCabulary http www voycabulary com WorldLingo http www worldlingo com enfwebsites urltranslator html Requires free registration Translates to from multiple languages at once Site offers virtual keyboard or special characters for non-English translations Finding International Search Engines All Search Engines com Beaucoup http www allsearchengines com foreign html http www beaucoup com European Search Engines http www netmasters co uk european search enginesl FetchFido European Search Engines http homepage ntlworld com fetchfid02 interface searchengineseuropean htm FetchFido World Search Engines http homepage ntlworld com fetchfid02 interface searchenginesworldwide htm FinderSeeker http www finderseeker com UNClASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL I ISE ONLY 615 OOClO 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDffFOR OFFlOI lcl USE milY Google International Sites http www google com language tools Infisource Foreign Language Search Engines http www infinisource com search-engines html

foreign International Search Engines http www arnoldit com lists intlsearch asp ISEDB Local and Regional Search Engines http www isedb com html lnternet Search Engines Local and Regional Search Engines ISEDB Local and Regional Directories http www isedb com html Web Directories Local and Regional Directories Phil Bradley's Country Based Search Engines http www philb com countryse htm Regional and Special Search Engines http www ntu edu sg lib search specialframe htm Search Engine Colossus ' http www searchenginecolossus com Search Engine Guide http www searchengineguide com pages Regional Search Engine Index http www search-engine-index co uk Regional Search Search Engines 2 http www search-engines-2 com Search Engines Worldwide 2003 http home inter netltakakuwa search Ultimate Search Engines Links Page http www searchenginelinks co uk Yahoo International http world yahoo com Finding Email Directories http www email-directory com Email-Directory com Nedsite http www nedsite nl search people htm

email International Email Lookup Tools Addresses com http www allemailaddresses com Infospace Email Lookup http www infospace com home white-pages email-search Infospace Reverse Email Lookup http www infospace com home white-pages reverse-email http www look4u com english Look4U MESA MetaEmailSearchAgent http mesa rrzn uni-hannover de Peoplesearch Reverse Email Search http peoplesea rch netlpeoplesearch peoplesearch reverse email address html World Email Directory 616 http www worldemail com freemail htm UNCLASSIFIEDSFOR 61-1-IeiAL tiS O L f DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61AL 1 J5E ONLY Email Megadirectories Freeality Email Lookup http www freeality com findet htm Infospace International Directories http www infospace com intl int html MESA MetaEmailSearchAgent http mesa rrzn uni-hannover de Nedsite http www nedsite nl search people htm

email Peoplesearch http peoplesearch netlpeoplesearch peoplesearch reverse email address html Infobel Email Lookup http www infobel com teldir teldir asp page eng more email Tools for International Telephone lookups AnyWho International http www anywho com international html AOL International Directories http www ao com netfind internationa html EscapeArtist Telephone Search Engine http www escapeartist com global telephone htm Global Yellow Pages http www globalyp com world htm Infobel http www infobel com World default asp Infobel's Telephone Directories on the Web Infospace International Directories http www infobel com teldir http www infospace com intl int html International White Yellow Pages Nedsite http www wayp com http www nedsite nl search people htm

telephone Phonebook of the World SBN International Yellow Pages http www phonebookoftheworld com http www sbn com international international asp Specialty Telephone Lookups ACR's International Calling Codes by country http www the-acr com codes cntrycd htm ACR's International Calling Codes listed numerically http www the-acr com codes cntryno htm Americom's International Decoder http decoder americom com International Dialing Codes http kropla com dialcode htm International City Codes World Telephone Numbering Guide http www numberingplans com kropla http www wtng info index html UNCLASSIFIEDlfl-Oft Ol-l-lelAL USE ONLY 617 DOCID 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDNFOR OFFlCI I L USE ONLY Online Video Search AOL Video Search http search aol com aolcom videohome BBC Video http news bbc co uk Blinkx r http www blinkx tv CBS News Video Search http www cbsnews com sections i video main500251 shtml CNN Video Homepage CNN Video Almanac http www cnn com video http www cnn com resources video almanae C-SPAN http www e-span org C-SPAN Store http www c-spanstore org shop Google Video http video google com IFILM http www ifilm com MSN Video http video msn com Pixsy http pixsy com Reuters Video http today reuters com tv Rocketlnfo http www roeketnews eom select the VIDEO tab RooTV http www rootv eom Searchforvideo http www searchforvideo com home index html Searchforvideo 1M Service Searchforvideo Reel Time Lens Sky News Video http www searchforvideo com misc im jsp http www searehforvideo eom mise reel jsp http www sky eom skynews video http tveyes eom TVEyes http video yahoo eom Yahoo Video Search Yahoo News Video http news yahoo eom video http www youtube eom YouTube Podcasting Blinkx http www blinkx tv Odeo http odeo com Podcast Alley http www podcastalley eom Podeast net Podscope 618 http www podeast netl http www podscope eom UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfiliOft OlililellltL ISC or4LY Podzinger http www podzinger com Yahoo Podcast Search Beta http podcasts yahoo com Podcast Directories iPodder http www ipodder org directory 4 podcasts Podcast Directory http www podcastdirectorv com Podfeed http www podfeed netl Podcasting Station http www podcasting-station com Podcast Shuffle http www podcastshuffle com Newsgroups Mailing Lists Google Groups http groups google com BoardReader http www boardreader com BoardTracker http www boardtracker com Omgili http www omgili com Yahoo Groups http groups yahoo com Yahoo Member Directory CataList http members yahoo com http www lsoft com lists listref html Tile net http www tile netl Weblog Search Blogdigger http www blogdigger com Blog Search Engine http www blogsearchengine com Blogwise http www blogwise com Bloogz http www bloogz com Clusty Blog Metasearch http blogs clusty com Daypop http www daypop com Feedster http www feedster com Google Blogsearch IceRocket http blogsearch google coml http blogs icerocket com Sphere Technorati http www sphere com http www technorati com UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl61AL I JSE ONLY 619 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNI '6R 61 'neiAL l IS 6NLY General News Sources ABYZ Newslinks httpJ www abyznewslinks com Guardian's World News Guide http www guardian co uk worldnewsguide HeadlineSpot http www headlinespot com Kiosken http www esperanto se kiosk engindex html Metagrid newspapers magazines NewsCentral online newspaper links http www metagrid com http www all-Iinks com newscentral NewsDirectory http newsdirectory com Newslink http newslink org Online Newspapers http www onlinenewspapers com index htm RefDesk My Virtual Newspaper http www refdesk com papmain html News Search Services Google News http news google com Google News Archive http news google com archivesearch HavenWorks http havenworks com news search JournalismNet http www journalismnet com MSN Newsbot http newsbot msnbc msn com NewsNow http www newsnow co uk Pandia Newsfinder http www pandia com news Topix net http www topix netl Worldnews http www wn com Yahoo News http news yahoo com Technology News on the Web Newsfactor Network TechNews com http www newsfactor com http www washingtonpost com wp-dyn technology http www techweb com TechWeb The Register http theregister co uk Wired News http www wired com ZDNet News http zdnet com com 620 UNCLASSIFIEDiJ'1 '6R 61 'neiAL l ISE eNLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFlCllIcL t JSE OP4LY Telecommunications on the Web Analysys Telecoms Virtual Library http www analysys com vlib Computer and Communication Entry Page http www cmpcmm com cc Goodman's Bookmarks http www gbmarks com IT Landscape in Nations Around the World http www american edu academic depts ksb mogit country html Lido Telecom Web Central http www telecomwebcentral com secure links Bandwidth Market Telecom Links http www bandwidthmarket com componentioption com weblinks ltemid 4 World Wide Web Telecommunication Center http home planet nl -wvhwvh teletop htm Researching PTTs Telecom Operators Around the World Country Index for Major PTTs PTOs and Major Service Providers http home planet nl -wvhwvh countidx htm Goodman's International Telecom Companies http www gbmarks com html international html IT Landscape in Nations Around the World http www american edu academic depts ksb mogitlcountry html ITU's Global Directory of Regulators select Reg uJators for PTTs http www itu int cgi-bin htsh mm scripts mm search World Wide Web Telecommunication Resource Center http home planet nl -wvhwvh teletop htm Radio Television and Satellite Broadcasting http www radio-Iocator com Radio Locator http www liensutiles org sat htm Radio TV and Satellite Links http www live-radio netlinfo shtml Live Radio Radio Station World http radiostationworld com default asp Mike's Radio World http www mikesradioworld com http www vtuner com vTuner USC Satellite Database http www ucsusa org globalsecurity spaceweapons satell itedatabase html Heaven's Above Satellite Database http www heavens-above com selectsat asp UNCLASSIFIEDft'fiO OfifilelAL USE ONLY 621 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIE01 'f'O Of'f'leIAL SatcoDX Satellite Chart tJSE ONLY http www satcodx com eng NASA's J-Track Satellite Tracking http science nasa gov ReaITime JTrack Small Satellites Home Page http centaur sstl co uk SSHP Search for People Biography Center http www biography-center com Biography Reference Center from MacGill University http www librarv mcgill ca refshelf biograph htm Chinese Biographical Database Wolfram's Science World Biography http www lcsc edu cbiouser http scienceworld wolfram com biography lSI Highly Cited Researchers http www isihighlvcited com Google Groups http groups google com Yahoo Member Directory http members Va hoo com Ica User Directory http people icq com whitepages Forbes People Lists http www forbes com lists Search the SEC's Edgar Database http searchwww sec gov EDGARFSClientljsp EDGAR MainAccess jsp http lookahead surfwax com edgar SurfWax SEC Search EdgarScan Advanced Search http edgarscan pwcglobal com servlets advancedsearch Deadline Online's People Finders http www deadlineonline com peoplefinders html Langenberg com Person Finder http person langenberg com LexNotes Telephone and Email Directories http www lexnotes com sources people fonemail shtml Pandia People Search People Search Engines http www pandia com people http www people-search-engines com People Search Links http www peoplesearchlinks com People Search Sites http www nettrace com au resource search people html Power Reporting People Finders http powerreporting com categorv People finders Public Record Finder Outside the US http www publicrecordfinder com outsideusa html Searchbug People Finder http www searchbug com peoplefinder Search Systems Free Public Records Database 622 http www searchsvstems net UNCLASSIFIEONFOR OFFIOIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDlfFOR OFFlel cL tJSE er L' The Virtual Chase People Finder Guide http www virtualchase com people The Virtual Chase Finding People Guide http www virtualchase com topics people finder index shtml The Virtual Gumshoe http www virtualgumshoe com Zoomlnfo http www zoominfo com Landings Certified Pilots Database http www landings com landings pages search certs-pilot html The Virtual Chase Criminal Records http www virtualchase com resources criminalrecords html CrimeNet http www crimenet com au The Black Book Online NameBase http www crimetime com online htm http www namebase org Business Search Research 10K Wizard http www 10kwizard com Annual Reports from Report Gallery http www reportgallery com Arab Data Net http www arabdatanet com Business com http www business com Business Information on the Internet http www rba co uk sources index htm Corporate Information http www corporateinformation com Search the SEC's Edgar Database http www sec gov edgar searchedgar webusers htm EdgarScan Advanced Search http edgarscan pwcglobaI com servlets advancedsearch Free Reports for Top 20 European Companies http amadeus bvdep com amadeus top20 top20 htrl Global Edge International Business Research Michigan State University http globaledge msu edu ibrd ibrd asp Hoovers http www hoovers com Kompass http www kompass com MacRae's Blue Book http www macraesbluebook com MacRae's EuroPages Search http www europages net co branding macraesbluebook home-en html Market Access and Compliance UNCLASSIFIEDiiFO eFFlel cL tJ5E ONLY http www mac doc gov 623 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL USE ONLY MSN Money's Key Developments http news moneycentral msn com ticker sigdev asp PRNewswire http www prnewswire com Researching Businesses and Non-Profits on the Web http www ojr org ojr technology 1 028068074 php Researching Companies Online The Scannery http www learnwebskills com company http www thescannerv com SEDAR http www sedar com ThomasGloballt' http www thomasglobal com Virtual Business Information Center http www vbic umd edu Virtual International Business and Economic Sources http librarv uncc edu displayl dept reference format open page 68 Yahoo Finance Press Releases http biz yahoo com prnews Full access requires subscription but limited information is free Researching Countries Aardvark Asian Resources for Librarians http www aardvarknet info user aardvarkwelcome Academic Info http www academicinfo netl Admi net http admi netlworld BBC Country Profiles http news bbc co uk 1 hi country profiles BUBL Country List http www bubl ac uk link countries html Bucknell University's Russian Studies http www departments bucknell edu russian The Economist Country Briefings http www economist com countries Google Directory Country Index http directorv google com Top Regional Countries Library of Congress Country Studies http lcweb2 loc gov frd cs cshome html Middle East and Jewish Studies http www columbia edu cu lweb indiv mideast cuvlm NationMaster http www nationmaster com Northwestern University Library Foreign Governments http www library northwestern edu govpub resource internatlforeign html Northwestern University Library International Governmental Organizations http www librarv northwestern edu govpub resource internat igo html The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development http www oecd org 624 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlGll8cL Jsr Or LY Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization UNPO WWW Virtual Library http www unpo org http vlib org Regional Yahoo Countries http dir yahoo com regional countries index html Researching Governments Political Parties and Politicians Council of the Baltic Sea States http www cbss sti East Southeast Asia An Annotated Directory of Internet Resources http newton uor edu Departments Programs AsianStudiesDept index html European Countries http europa eu abc europeancountries indexen htm Foreign Government Resources on the Web http www lib umich edu govdocs foreign html Global Edge http globaledge msu edu InterParliamentary Union http www ipu org english home htm Northwestern University's Foreign Governments http www librarv northwestern edu govpub resource internat foreign html Northwestern University's International Governmental Organizations http www library northwestern edu govpub resource internat igo html Political Resources on the Net http www politicalresources net Political Resources on the Net Unrepresented People http www politicalresources netiint6 htm Political Database of the Americas Current Rulers Worldwide http www georgetown edu pdba http www terra es personaI2 monolith Rulers of the World http rulers org Finding Foreign Ministries Library of Congress Portals to the World http www loc gov rr international portals html Ministries of Foreign Affairs from Lawresearch http www lawresearch com v10 global ciministries htm Stefano Baldi's Ministries of Foreign Affairs Online http hostings diplomacy edu baldi mofa htm US Institute of Peace Library Foreign Affairs Ministries on the Web http www usip org library formin html UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFl61AL J5E ONLY 625 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIOIAL l JSE ONLY Finding Embassies Embassies Consulates Worldwide http www mypage bluewin ch caccia Embassy org http www embassy org Embassy World http www embassyworld com Latin American Embassies http www-personal si umich edu -rlwls embajadas html Library of Congress Portals to the World http www loc qov rr international portals html Tagish Worldwide Embassies http www2 tagish co uk Links embassy1b nsf Yahoo Embassies and Consulates http dir yahoo com Government Embassies and Consulatesl Internet Surveys and Statistics Clickz Stats http www c1ickz com stats Cyberatlas http cyberatlas internet com Global Reach's Global Internet Statistics by Language http www qlreach com qlobstats Internet Traffic Report http www internettrafficreport com main htm Netcraft http news neteraft com Network Wizards Domain Survey Zooknic Internet Statistics http www ise org ds http www zooknic com ICANN and the Regional Internet Registries aka NICsl ICANN http www icann org AfriNIC http www afrinie netl APNIC http www apnie net ARIN http www arin net European Registry of Internet Domain Names EURid http www eurid eu LACNIC http lacnic net en RIPE http www ripe net Ipv6 Information Page 626 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFIOIAL l J5E or LY http www ipv6 orq DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDIJr 'OR Or 'r 'IGIAL b1S O LY Domain Name Resources Ins and Outs of DNS http www webmonkey com webmonkey 02 31 index3a html DNS for Rocket Scientists The Domain Name Service http newweb zytrax com books dns ch1 http www scit wlv ac uk -jphb comms dns html DNS and BIND 3rd Edition O'Reilly Online Catalog http www oreilly com catalog dns3 chapter ch02 html Domain Name Registries Around the World http www norid no domreq html lANA's Contact List for TLD Administrators http www iana org cctld cctld-whois htm InterNIC FAQ on New Top-level Domains http www internic net faqs new-tlds html Whois Data Problem Report System http wdprs internic net Yahoo's Computers and Internet Domain Name Registration http dir yahoo com Computers and Internet Internet Domain Name Registration Top Level Domains TLDs Registry Operators International Country Codes NSLookup Tools AnalogX http www analogx com contents dnsdig htm Check DNS http www checkdns netlquickcheck aspx DNS Stuff http www dnsstuff com Eye-Net Consulting http www enc com au itools Infobear http www infobear com nslookup shtml Multiple NSLookup http www bankes com nslookup htm SmartWhois NSLookup Squish DNS Lookup http swhois net http www squish net dnscheck WebReference NsLookup Gateway http www webreference com cgi-bin nslookup cqi ZoneEdit NSLookup http www zoneedit com lookup html ad goto kw nslookup These sites provide Ipv6 lookups in addition to Ipv4 Whois Queries APNIC Whois lookups APNIC Whois help ARIN http www apnic net search index html http www apnic net db search all-options html http www arin net whois index html UNCLASSIFIEDJlr OR Or 'r 'IGIAL b1SE ONLY 627 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFl61AL l ISE ONLY ARIN Whois help http www arin netltools whoishelp html AfriNIC Whois http www afrinic net cqi-bin whois AfriNIC User Manual http www afrinic net docs db afsup-dbgs200501 htm EURid Whois http www whois eu whois GetDomainStatus htm LACNIC Whois http lacnic neticgi-bin lacnic whois RIPE http www ripe netiperl whois RIPE Reference Manual RIPE Whois help http www ripe netiripe docs databaseref-manual html http www ripe net ripencc pub-services db whois whoishelp html Domain Queries Allwhois http www allwhois com CheckDNS http www checkdns netlquickcheck aspx Checkdomains http www checkdomain com CoolWhois http www coolwhois com DNS411 http dns411 com Domain Dossier http centralops net colDomainDossier vbs asp Domainsearch http www domainsearch com Domainsurfer http www domainsurfer com Domain Tools http www domaintools com http whois domaintools com Domain Tools Whois Source DrWhois http www drwhois com EasyWhois http www easywhois com Geektools http www geektools com whois php IP-Plus http www ip-plus ch tools whoisset en html MSV DK Network Whois Multiple DNS Lookup Engine http msv dk ms593 aspx http www bankes com nslookup htm http www namedroppers com Namedroppers Netcraft http news netcraft com Network-Tools http network-tools com http www whois net Whois net Whois at Webhosting info http whois webhosting info Whoix 628 http www whoix com UNCLASSIFIEDflFe eFFlelAL USE eNLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfrTOR OFFl61AL I JSI QJtlbY Whoix Advanced Search http www whoix com advdomsearch html Xwhois http www xwhois com Internet Utilities and Tools for Windows AII-Nettools com http www all-nettools com tools1 htm Centralops http centralops net co body asp Domtools com http www domtools com domtool s Internet Query Tools http www demon net external iTools Internet Tools http www itools com internetl Logbud Online Tools http www logbud com Network-Tools http www network-tools com RodentNet Ad Hoc IP Tools http tatumweb com iptools htm Traceroute Tutorials Mapping Where the Data Flows Traceroute Tutorial http www isoc org oti articles 0200 dodge html http www exit109 com -jeremy news providers traceroute html Russ Haynal's Traceroute Overview http navigators com traceroute html Traceroute for Windows All Nettools com http www all-nettools com toolbox Cogentco http www cogentco com htdocs glass php Geektools Traceroute IP-Plus Traceroute Servers http www geektools com traceroute php http www ip-plus ch tools traceroute en html Logbud Online Tools Multiple Traceroute Gateway http www logbud com http www tracert com cgi-bin trace pl http www nyi net traceroute html New York Internet Traceroute Links Opus One Traceroute SixXs IPv4 and IPv6 Traceroute http www opus1 com www traceroute html http www sixxs net tools traceroute Traceroute org http www traceroute org Tracerouters Around the World http tracerouters nielssen com BGPNet IPv4 Wiki http www bgp4 net tr UNCLASSIFIEDiI'FO OFFlell8cL liSE QNLY 629 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlelAL tJS O 'L BGPNet IPv6 Wiki http www bgp4 net tr6 More Traceroute Tools Airport City Code Database http www airportcitycodes com aaa CCDBFrame html World Airport Codes http www world-airport-codes com Airlines of the Web Airport Codes http flyaow com airportcode htm Sarangworld Traceroute Project Known Hostname Codes http www sarangworld com TRACEROUTE showdb-2 php3 IP Geolocation Tools DNS Stuff's Version of IP2Location http www dnsstuff com Geobytes' IP Locator http www geobytes com lpLocator htm GeolP http www maxmind com app lookup HuntlP http www huntip com Tools mapips php IP2Location http www location com my free asp IPAddressGuide com http www internetipaddress com ip210cation aspx NetGeo http www caida org tools util ities netgeo NetWorldMap's Geolocation Tool WebHosting lnfo http www networldmap com Trylt htm http ip-to-countrv webhosting info node view 36 Finding ISPs and Email Providers Around the World The List http thelist internet com countrycode html NSRC's Connectivity Providers Database http www nsrc org networkstatus html International Internet Access Providers http www herbison com herbison iapinternationalmetalist html FreedomList http www freedomlist com find php3 African Internet Connectivity 630 http www3 sn apc org africa af-isps htm UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL SE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDiiI-O OlililelAL Middle East Directory List of ISPs USE ONLY http www middleeastdirectory com me-isps htm Satellite Internet Service Providers for North South America Europe Africa Asia Middle East http www satsig net Linksat Satellite and Internet Providers http www linksat com Satellite Industry Links Satellite Service Providers http www satellite-Iinks co uk links ssp html ISP Directories Google Directory http directory google comlTop Computers lnternet Access Providers Yahoo http dir yahoo com There are several ways to use Yahoo to find international ISPs The best is Business_and_Economy-- Business_to_Business-- Communications_and_Net working-- lnternet_and_World_Wide_Web-- By_Region WiFi Hotspot Finders Hotspothaven http www hotspothaven com Intel's Mobile Technology Hotspot Finder http intel jiwire com iPass Hotspot Finder http ipass jiwire com JiWire Global WiFi Hotspot Finder http www jiwire com search-hotspot-Iocations htm WiFinder http www wifinder com WiFi411 http www wifi411 com Wi-Fi Hotspot List http www wi-fihotspotlist com Cybercafe Finders Curious Cat Cybercafe Connections http www curiouscat com travel cybercafe cfm Cybercaptive Search Engine The country search is disabled search by city http cybercaptive com Google Directory Cybercafes http directory google comlT op Computers I nternetlCybercafes Indra's International Cybercafes http www indranet com potpourri links cybercafeint html Internet Cybercafe Database Netcafe Guide http cybercafe katchup co nz search asp http www world66 com netcafeguide UNCLASSIFIEDiIIiO OlililelAL USE ONLY 631 OO ClO 4046925 UNCLA551FIEDtlFOR OFFICIAL USE Or4L'f Internet Exchanges and Backbone Networks Colosource Internet eXchange Points Exchange Point Information http www colosouree com ix asp http www ep net ep-main html Boardwatch's Internet Backbone Maps http www nthelp com maps htm BT Infonet's Network Maps http www bt infonet com services internet network maps asp BWM's Links to Network Maps http www bandwidthmarket com component option com weblinks catid 74 ltemid 4 Russ Haynal's Major Internet Backbones http www navigators com isp html Check Your Internet Profile and Vulnerability Shields Up http www gre com Junkbusters http www junkbusters com cgi-bin privacy BrowserHawk Browser Analysis http www syseape com showbrow aspx Browser Spy Browser Analysis http gemal dk browserspy Russ Haynal's Persona Check http naviqators com cqi-bin naviqators persona pl HackerWhacker Free Tools http whacker4 hackerwhacker com freetools php especially the Browser Leakage and Quick Scan for open ports Sygate Symantec Online Security Services http scan sygate eom home homeoffice syqate index jsp Improving Your General Computer Network Security http netsecu rity about com About's Network Security CERT's Home Network Security http www eert orq techtips homenetworks html http www qetsafeonline org Get Safe Online Microsoft Security Privacy for Home Users http www microsoft com athome security default mspx NSA's Security Recommendation Guides NCSA's Stay Safe Online Surf the Net Safely SecureMac com 632 http www nsa gov snac http www staysafeonline info http surfthenetsafely com http www securemac com UNCLA551FIEDhTOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDfi Oft O leIAL USE ONLY Securing Home Computers and Networks Tweakhound's Securing Windows XP http www tweakhound com xp security page 1 htm Fred Langa's 5 Essential Steps To PC Security http www informationweek com shared printableArticle jhtml articiel D 1771000 10 NISI's Guidance for Securing Windows XP Home Edition http csrc nist gov itsec guidanceWinXPHome html CERI's Home Network Security http www cert org techtips homenetworks html Gary Kessler's Protecting Home Computers and Networks http www garykessler net library protectinghomesystems html University of Cambridge's Securing Windows XP Home Edition for Stand Alone Use http www-tus csx cam ac uk pcsupport WinXP collegehome html Lawrence Berkeley Lab's Checklist for Securing Windows XP PRO http www lbl gov ITSD Security systems wxp-security-checklist html Windows XP Security Checklist http labmice techtarget com articles winxpsecuritychecklist htm Tom-Cat com's Secure Your Home Computer v 2 22 http www tom-cat com security html Browser Setup Testing ScanIt's Browser Security Check Microsoft Security Home Page http www scanit be bcheck http www microsoft com security Microsoft Internet Explorer Security Updates http www microsoft com windows ie downloads default asp Microsoft Office Download Center Microsoft Windows Update Page http office microsoft com downloads http update microsoft com windowsupdate Microsoft IE7 Dynamic Security Protection http www microsoft com windows products winfamily ie features mspx Microsoft Improve the Safety of Your Browsing and E-Mail Activities http www microsoft com athome security online browsing safety mspx How to surf more safely with Internet Explorer 7 http www helpwithwindows com techfiles ie7-surf-safe html Marc Liron Microsoft MVP on Internet Explorer 7 http www updatexp com internet-explorer-7-download html UNCLASSIFIEDff Oft e l-lelAL USE Or LY 633 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlel 8 L USE ONLY Brian Livingston Windows Secrets IE7 Needs Tweaking for Safety http windowssecrets com comp 061 026 - story1 Diana Huggins IE 7 0's Internet Options Privacy and Security Settings http www lockergnome com nexus windows 2007 01 22 ie-70s-internet-options-security-settings http www lockergnome com nexus windows 2007 0 1 23 ie-70s-internet-options-privacy-settings-pa rt -if Be sure to look at Part as well Deb Shinder Tech Republic 10 things you should know about Internet Explorer 7 Security http articles techrepublic com com 5100-1 009 11-6130844 html Surf the Web Safely Make IE7 Safer http surfthenetsafely com ieseczone8 htm Kim Komando's Firefox 2 and lETs Security Settings http www komando com tips index aspx id 2523 Cookies Firefox's Cookie Options http mozilla gunnars neUfirefoxhelpfirefoxcookietutorial html Microsoft's Help Safeguard Your Privacy on the Web for IE6 but most still applies to IE7 http www microsoft com windows ie using howto privacy config mspx Cookie Central's Reviews of Cookie Management Software http www cookiecentral com files htm Junkbusters Cookie Page http www junkbusters com ht en cookies html Microsoft Security Microsoft Internet Explorer Security Updates http www microsoft com windows ie downloads default asp Microsoft Office Download Center All Microsoft Office Viewers http office microsoft com downloads http www microsoft com office OOO viewers asp Microsoft Policies on Software Distribution http www microsoft com technet security topics policy swdist mspx Microsoft Security Home Page Microsoft Windows Update Page http www microsoft com security http windowsupdate microsoft com 5 Steps to Secure Windows XP Home http netsecurity about com cs windowsxp a aa0422042 htm Non-Admin Blog Aaron Margosis' Weblog http blogs msdn com aaron margosis archive 2005 04 18 TableOfContents aspx RunAs basic and intermediate topics Aaron Margosis' Weblog http blogs msdn com aaron margosis archive 2004 06 23 163229 aspx 634 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFlellAIL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDJ gRg IGIAL l ISE m LY Email Security About com Email Help Center http antivirus about com library bloutlook htm About's Email Wiretapping Article http antivirus about com library weekly aa020501a htm once true How Spammers Get Your Email Address http www junk-mail org uk public articles spam html A Quick Guide to Email Security http www zzee com enh email security html Security Focus Securing Privacy E-mail Issues http www securityfocus com infocus 1579 Anti-Phishing How Not to Get Hooked by a Phishing Scam http www ftc gov bcp edu pubs consumer alerts alt127 htm The Anti-Phishing Working Group http www antiphishing org Phishtank known and suspected phishing sites http www phishtank com PayPal's Protect Yourself from Fraudulent Emails https l www paypal com cgi-bin webscr cmd xptlgeneral SecuritySpoof-outside URL Decrypter http www cyber-junkie com tools urldecrypter shtml Un-Obfuscating URLs http www wilsonmar com 1tcpaddr htm Disabling Visual Basic Script How to Disable VBS http www cvm uiuc edu net virus outlook html Disable Windows Scripting Host http www sophos com support fags wsh html Remove Windows Scripting Host http www f-secure com virus-info u-vbs See What Your Computer is Loading and Running Greatis Start Up Application Database http www greatis com regrun3appdatabase htm Pacman's Start-Up Applications or Process ID Answers That Work Process Library http www pacs-portal co uk startupindex htm http www sysinfo org startupinfo html http www processid com http www answersthatwork com Tasklistpages tasklist htm http www processlibrary com PC Hell http www pchell com UNCLASSIFIEDflI-6R 61-1-IeiAL liSE et4LY 635 DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDUPOfit Olililel lcL l ISE e b¥ Encrypt Data in Windows XP How to Encrypt a File in Windows XP http support microsoft com kb 307877 How to Encrypt a Folder in Windows XP http support microsoft com kb 308989 Anti-Virus Information About's Free Antivirus Software Reviews http antivirus about com od freeantivirussoftware FreeAntivirusSoftware htm VirusList Virus Encyclopedia http www viruslist com en viruses encyclopedia Spvware Checkers and Information Free Antispyware Products Ad-Aware Spyware Checker http www lavasoftusa com products ad-aware se personai php Windows Defender http www microsoft com athome security spyware software default mspx Spybot Search Destroy http www safer-networkinq orq en home index html Antispyware Guides Articles 11 Signs of Spyware http www pcmaq com article2 O%2C1759%2C1522648%2COO asp Anti-Spyware Guide http www firewallguide com spvware htm Monitoring Software on Your Computer Spyware Adware and Other Software Staff Report Federal Trade Commission March 2005 PDF http www ftc qov os 2005 03 050307spywarerpt pdf PC Hell Spyware Removal Help Spychecker Spyware Guide http www pchell com support spyware shtml http www spychecker com http www spywareguide com product list full php Spyware Warrior Rogue Suspect Anti-Spyware Products http www spywarewarrior com rogueanti-spyware htm Spyware Watch Stop Internet Abuse 636 http www spyware co uk http www celticsurf netlwebscape abuse html UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFlSIAb l JSE eNI ¥ DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOffFOR OFFICIAL l I5E or LY Web Bugs Bugnosis http www bugnosis org Web Bug FAQ http www bugnosis org fag html Guidescope http www guideseope com home WebWashe -235 http www cyberguard com produets webwasher webwasherproduets classic index html Trojan Horse Prevention Detection and Removal List of Trojan Ports http secured oreon net nz portlist list html Onctek's Trojan Port List http www onetek eom trojanports html Anti-Trojan Software Reviews http www anti-trojan-software-reviews eom Anti-Trojan org http www anti-trojan org Anti-Trojan Guide from Firewall Guide PCFlank's Trojan Test Page WindowSeeurity com TrojanScan http www firewallguide com anti-trojan htm http www pcflank com trojans test1 htm http www windowsecurity com trojanscan Passwords The Simplest Security A Guide To Better Password Practices http www securityfocus com infocus 1537 Microsoft How to Create Stronger Passwords http www microsoft com security articles password asp Password Security Guide http www umich edu -policies pw-security html Fred Langa How to Build Better Passwords http www informationweek com story showArticle jhtml article1D 164303537 Firewall Information Firewallguide's Personal Firewall Review http www firewallguide com software htm Firewallguide Wired Routers http www firewallguide com hardware htm Firewall Forensics http www linuxsecurity com resourcefiles firewalls firewall-seen html Cyberguard has changed the license for Webwasher Classic to Donationware and asks you to make a donation before downloading Webwasher Classic However the donation is voluntary 235 UNCLASSIFIEOffFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 637 DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOhTOR OFFIelAL USE Firewall Q A or L http www vicomsoft com knowledge reference firewalls1 html Free Personal Firewall Software http netseeurity about com od personalfirewalls a aafreefirewall htm Gibson Research 's Firewall Page http grc eom su -firewalls htm HomeNetHelp's Broadband Router Guide http www homenethelp eom router-guide index asp How Firewalls Work http www howstuffworks com firewall htm Internet Firewall FAQ http www interhaek net pubs fwfaq Introduction to Firewalls http netsecurity about com od hackertools a aa072004 htm Free Software Firewalls for Windows Securepoint http www seeurepoint ee productspcfirewallen html Sygate Personal Firewall http smb sygate com products spfstandard htm Zone Alarm http www zonelabs com Firewall Leak Tests Gibson Research's Firewall Leaktest PCFlank Firewall Leaktest http qre com lt leaktest htm http www pcflank eom pcflankleaktest htm Tooleaky http tooleaky zensoft coml Firehole http ke ir netlfirehole html Firewall Leak Tester Test Results http www firewallleaktester com index html Anonymizing Proxies InfoAnarchy's Anonymous Web Searching http www infoanarchy org en Anonymous Web Surfing Free Web Anonymizer Services Web Anonymizing Services http www cexx orq anony htm http www eomputerbytesman com anon index htm Test Page for Web Anonymizing Services http www computerbytesman eom anon test htm Internet Security and Privacy News and Information Center for Privacy and Technology Ten Ways to Protect Privacy Online http www cdt org privacy guide basic topten html 638 UNCLASSIFIEO FO OfifilelAL USE ONLY DID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFISIAL ldSI mJL¥ EPIC Online Guide to Privacy Resources http www epic org privacy privacyresourcesfag html Georgi Guninski Security Research Security Focus http www guninski com http www securityfocus com Security Now http www grc com securitynow htm Yahoo News Computer Security http fulicoverage yahoo com fclTech Computer Security Yahoo News Cybercrime and Internet Fraud http news yahoo com fclTech Cybercrime and Internet Fraud Yahoo News Internet Privacy http news yahoo com fc Tech lnternet Privacy UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAL liSE ONLY 639 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIED I ' OR O IGIAl YSE ONLY Notes 640 UNCLASSIFIEDNFOR OFFIGIAl l ISE ONLY DOClD 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEDHFOR OFFICIAL l lSE ONLY Notes UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFlOIJltL USE m L¥ 641 DOCID 4046925 UNCLASSIFIEOlil 'OIit OI 'I 'ICIAL tiS O L Notes 642 UNCLASSIFIEOJlFOR OFFIGIAL l JSE ONLY DOCID 4046925 31228