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Terms in this set (65)
which of the following statements is most characteristic of a central business district (CBD)
a more intensive use of space below and above ground than other parts of the city
the best-known and most visually distinctive area of most cities is the ___
central business district
which of the following is the main reason why consumers, businesses, and public services are attracted to the CBD?
accessibility
business services, such as advertising, banking, and journalism are centrally located mainly to
facilitate rapid communication of fast-breaking news
which of the following is not true of the CBD
large department stores once located in the suburbs are now clustered in the CBD
which model of urban structure is based on a city with nodes
multiple nuclei model
one of the features of the concentric zone model is that ____
lower income, high-rise apartment buildings are most likely to be found in the zone of transition
the three models describing the internal social structure of cities were developed in this city
chicago
which model of the internal social structure of city explains that a city grows outward from a central area in a series of five rings, like the growth rings of a tree
the concentric model
which of the following is most likely to be found in the second ring of a city in the concentric model
poor quality housing
which model of the internal social structure of the city explains that growth develops in a series of sectors
the sector model
the main criticism of each of the three models (ie concentric zone, sector, and multiple nuclei) is that ____
they fail to consider the variety of reasons people consider when deciding where to live
effective use of the urban-structure models depends on the availability of data at the scale of
individual neighborhood level
which of the following is not one of the limitations of the three models on the internal social structure of the city
the models all assume that over time, cities will evolve to accommodate critical changes in demography and adapt in the growing needs of the urban poor
which of the following is a major difference between US and European CBDS
In European CBDS the most prominent structures are likely to be churches and former royal palaces
which of the following is a major difference between CBDs in Europe and those in the US
more people live in europes CBDs compared to the US
In the past, low-income people
lived in the center of European cities
in European cities much of the housing for low income minorities and immigrant is in
high rise building in the suburbs
which of the following is generally true of many suburbs in Europe in contrast to the US models
shops, schools, and other services are worse than in central city neighborhoods, and they are centers for crime, violence, and drug dealing
today, low income people
are less likely to live in European inner-city neighborhoods
if you visited the historic center of a latin American colonial city, what features of the area would reflect the city planning requirements of the laws of the indies
a gridiron street plan
in developing countries as in Europe
the poor are accommodated in the outer rings, whereas the wealthy live near the center of cities as well as in a sector extending from the center
geographers griffin and ford show that in latin American cities wealthy people
push out from the center in a well-defined elite residential sector
before the Europeans established colonies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, most people there
lived in rural settlements
the functional area of a city is known as ____
metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
approximately ___ percent of americans live in urbanized areas
70
as of 2009, according to the US census bureau, what percentage of americans lived in an MSA
84
the US bureau of the census has created a method of measuring the functional area of a city, known as
the metropolitan statistical area
which of the following statements about annexation is most accurate
in the nineteenth century, annexation was common because peripheral residents wanted city services
the process of legally adding land area to a city is called
annexation
which of the following is not true of annexation in the US
normally, land cannot be annexed into a city even if a majority of residents in the affected area vote in favor of doing so
the number of local government units in the US exceeds
20,000
which inner city challenge is most closely associated with a process known as filtering
deteriorated housing
if you were to examine gentrification in a major US city which of the following would you most likely to find
cities often provide low cost loans and or tax breaks to investors
this is the process by which middle class people move into deteriorated inner city neighborhoods and renovate the housing
gentrification
which of the following is not a reason why middle class people are attracted to the US inner city
downtown public schools are superior with quality instruction and high graduation rates
according to the peripheral model an urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by
large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road
which statement about the suburbs of US cities is most accurate
suburbs provide a better opportunity for home ownership
the costs of sprawl include all of the following except ____
the creation of edge cities
which of the following is not once of the chief reasons why people are attracted to the suburbs
access to well constructed houses with unique architectural designs like fireplaces and wood trim
which of the following is true of urban retailing
historically, urban residents bought food and other daily necessities at small neighborhood shops in the midst of housing areas
a shopping mall is built by a developer, who buys the land, builds the structures, and leases space to merchants. the key to a successful large shopping mall is the inclusion of one or more____
anchors
which of the following statements comparing public transit with automobiles in US cities is true
fares do not cover the operating costs of public transportation
before the advent of streetcars, commuter trains, and subways, the growth of suburbs was _____
constrained by poor transportation
more than ____ percent of all trips within US cities are made by car
95
the US government paid 90 percent of the cost of limited access
high speed interstate highways
the central business district
best known and most visually distinctive area of most cities is downtown. public, consumer, and business, services cluster in the CBD
central city
an urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit
urban area
consists of a central city and its surrounding built-up suburbs.
urbanized area
an urban area with at least 50,000 inhabitants
urban cluster
is an urban area with between 2,500 and 50,000 inhabitants
Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
includes an urbanized area with a population of at least 50,000, the county within which the city is located, adjacent counties with a high population density and a large percentage of residents working
annexation
the process of legally adding land area to a city. cities are surrounded by suburban jurisdictions whose residents prefer to remain legally independent of the central city
concentric zone model
a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings. Newer houses in an outer ring, older houses in an inner ring.
sector model
a city develops in a series of sectors. income levels tend to conform.
multiple nuclei model
sees a city as a complex structure that includes more than one center. groups tend to cluster by race.
peripheral model
sees an urban area as an inner city surrounded by suburban nodes tied together by a beltway
social area analysis
the study of where people of varying living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle live within an urban area
Multiple nuclei model in Europe
most ethnic and racial minorities reside in the suburbs
Concentric zones in Europe
new houses in outer rings and older in inner rings, new houses are in high rise apartments rather than single family homes
Sector model in Europe
higher income people cluster in a sector
Density gradient
the number of houses per unit of land diminished as distance from the center city increased. sprawl.
suburbs are segregated in two ways
social classes and land uses
Inner-city residents
referred to as a permanent underclass because they are trapped in an unending cycle of hardships
gentrification
the process by which higher income people move into deteriorated inner city neighborhoods and renovate the housing
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