Be the case là gì

Why do you think this is the case?  có nghĩa là gì?

"to be the case" is an idiom meaning "to be thus" or "to be true". "Why would that be the case?" --> "Why would that be true?" --> "What leads you to believe that that is true?"

@Evangelia Thank you so much!

It's slightly ambiguous standing alone, because it's unclear whether "why" refers to "think" or instead to "is."  "Why do you think (X is true)" = "What reasons lead you to think (that X is true)" (explain your motivation or train of thought); OR "What are the reasons why X is true instead of X being false or Y being true, in your opinion?"  In context, one meaning will usually be the clearly intended one.  A very technical reader might argue that the second meaning would have to be expressed differently: "Why, do you think, is this the case?"  That would indeed be unambiguously only the second meaning.  But people sometimes speak or write ambiguously.  Still, that fact helps make the first meaning the more likely: Explain your thinking process; what are the reasons for your belief?

@MishaTr Thank you so much! I appreciate your long answer.

@May60 you're welcome.

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